高级英语10单元课文解析及课后答案

Lesson Ten The Trial That Rocked the World
词汇注释：
sweltering adj. being uncomfortably hot; suffering from the heat 热得难受的例：a sweltering climate 闷热的气候
counsel n. a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court. 辩护律师，法律参谋
例：The court heard the counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述。

silver-tongued adj. eloquent, persuasive 雄辩的，有口才的
orator n. person who makes formal speeches in public; person who is good at public speaking.
演说者，演说家
例：a fine political orator 优秀的政治演说家
nominee n.person who is nominated for an office, a position, etc. 被提名的候选人，被任命之人
testify v. give evidence; declare as a witness, esp. in court 提供证据，作证例：The teacher testified to the boy’s honesty. 老师证明那孩子很老实。

/Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favour. 有两个证人的证词对她不利，另一个人的对她有利。

同义词：verify, confirm, prove
verify指通过调查或者与可弄清的事实的比拟来证明某事是对的，如：The driver’s report of the accident was verified by eye-witnesses.〔这位司机的事故报告由目睹者加以证实。

〕confirm 指证实某些不确定的事情，消息或谣言是真的，如：The hotel confirmed our reservation by telegram.〔那家旅馆打来电报证实我们已预订了房间。

〕prove指用足够的证据来确证某事是否真实，如：I shall prove to you that the witness is quite unreliable.〔我将向你们证明这个证人是非常不可靠的。

〕testify指作证，尤指正式在法庭上作证。

反义词：contradict, dispute, doubt
jury n. group of people in a law court who have been chosen to listen to the facts in a case and to decide whether the accused person is guilty or not guilty 陪审团
例：Seven men and five women sat on the jury. 陪审团由七男五女组成。

erupt v. burst forth or out, as from restraint 迸发，爆发，喷出；break out suddenly and violently 突然发生
例：The demonstration erupted into violence. 示威游行中突然出现了武斗。

同义词：explode, burst
这些词都指仿佛由于某种内部力量而突然猛烈的爆发，翻开或是分开。

explode指物理现象，气体的突然膨胀着火，以及相当大的能量释放的一刹那。

它从爆发这种意义来讲，比其它词都要猛烈，声响更大，如：A bomb exploded at a distance.〔炸弹在很远的地方爆炸了。

〕explode还可用于比喻，指一种情感的突然释放，如：explode with laughter〔哄然大笑〕/explode with anger〔勃然大怒〕；burst在指爆炸或别离的意义上比explode用得更广泛；erupt在字面和比喻意义上都指突然发生或爆发，和burst一样，指在一个受限制的空间和条件下发生。

反义词：implode, suck in
clash n. serious difference; conflict 抵抗，冲突，对立
例：a clash of personalities 个性的宏大差异
a clash between two classes 两节课在时间上的冲突。

fundamentalism n. (in Christian thought) belief that the Bible is literally true and should form the basis of religious thought or practice 原教旨主义〔认为?圣经?的经文翔实无误，
应构成宗教的理论或理论的根底。

〕
legislature n. body of people with the power to make and change laws 立法机关
prohibit v.forbid sth. or sb. from doing sth. esp. by laws, rules or regulations 制止，不准例：a regulation to prohibit parking in the city center 制止在市中心停车的规定
同义词：forbid, ban, interdict
prohibit是指发布正式命令或制定一些官方的法令来制止某事，准备采取某种约束力来促使法令的施行，如：In our country, bigamy is prohibited by law.〔我国法律规定不允许重婚。

〕forbid没有prohibit正式，指下令制止某人做某事或不让某事发生，不过此禁令一般指非法定的，但希望别人遵照执行。

如：Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.〔音乐厅内不许吸烟。

〕ban和interdict指禁令，是宗教或法律用语。

反义词：permit, endorse
legality n. state of being legal 合法性
例：The legality of this action will be decided by the United Nations.这一行动的合法性将由结合国裁定。

anticipate v. expect (sth.); see (what is going to happen or what needs to be done) and act accordingly 期望，意料〔某事〕，预见某事发生
例：We anticipated that the demand is likely to increase. 我们意料需求可能会增加。

同义词：expect
expect指有一定的根据预见或期待某事一定会发生，也可指在心理状态的等待，是肯定性较强的常用词，如：There is still no news from her but we expect a letter soon.
〔尽管仍然没有她的消息，但我们意料很快有信来。

〕anticipate指事先预感将要发生什么事，强调情绪上的表现，并不含有一定的根据，不像expect那样常用，如：
I anticipate great pleasure from my visit to Europe.〔我意料欧洲之行会非常愉快。

〕
反义词：despond
indict v. accuse sb. officially (of sth.); charge sb. 就某事控告起诉，揭发某人例：He was indicted for murder.他被控杀人。

同义词：accuse, charge
这些词都是指宣布某人由于某种过错或缺点而有罪。

accuse是最常用的一个词，它可用于正式或非正式的指控，如：She accused him of having broken his word.〔她指责他食言。

〕c h arge指在法律上正式的指控或指对某种违背公共准那么的行为进展非正式的指责，如：The candidate charged his opponent with evasion of the basic issues.
〔这个候选人指责他的对手回避根本问题。

〕indict是法律术语，指正式地指控某人，并使之出庭在陪审团或法官面前。

反义词：pardon
prosecute v. bring a criminal charge against sb. in a court of law 检举；揭发某人，对某人提起公诉例：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit. 他因超速行车而被起诉。

festoon v. decorate with festoons 给…饰以花彩
例：a room festooned with paper streamers 饰有纸带花彩的房间
sprout v. begin to grow or appear rapidly 迅速出现，生长
例：new buds sprouting on the trees 树上长出的嫩芽
rickety adj. weak or shaky, likely to fall or collapse 不牢靠的，摇摇欲坠的.
例：a rickety shelter for the bikes 摇摇欲坠的自行车棚
evangelist n. preacher of the Gospel. esp. one who travels around holding religious meetings 福音布道者；传道者
exhort v. advise sb. strongly or earnestly 劝告，奉劝
例：The chairman exhorted the party workers to action. 主席敦促党的工作人员采取行动。

同义词：arouse, provoke
arouse专指唤醒式翻开人的眼界去注意某种向势或观点，如：His suspicions were again aroused.〔这再一次引起了他的疑心。

〕而provoke不一定是这样的，甚至也不常指有意的企图，相反它可以指自发的反响，如：The slur provoked a sharp resort.〔诽谤激起了一阵猛烈的还击。

〕，provoke 可以用来表示激起某种情绪；exhort指热切地催促，他表示用强调的富于感情的论点或者通过唤起同情心和良知来努力劝某人采取行动，如：The senator exhorted his colleagues to vote against the motion.〔参议员力劝他的同事们对这个动机投反对票。

〕
反义词：discourage, subdue
infidel n. a person who holds no religious belief 无宗教信仰者
preside v. be head or director of sth. 掌管或指导某事
例：The city council is presided over by the mayor. 市政管理委员会由市长指导。

florid adj. flushed with red or pink 红润的
paunchy adj. fat-bellied; having a paunch 大腹便便的
attorney n. (in US) lawyer, esp. one qualified to act for clients in court 律师〔尤指有资格代表当事人出庭者〕
例：a district attorney 地方检察官
shrewd adj. having or showing good judgment or common sense 精明的，敏锐的例：a shrewd politician 精明的政治家/a shrewd argument 高明的论点
magnetic adj. having a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的
例：a magnetic smile 极富吸引力的微笑
agnostic n. a person who believes that the human mind can not know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause, or anything beyond material phenomena 不可知论者
growl v. say sth. in a low threatening voice; complain in an angry manner 以低声威胁的口吻说；愤愤地抱怨
例：He growled out an answer. 他低声威胁着答复。

spar v. argue or dispute (with sb.) usu. in a friendly way 争辩〔通常指好心〕例：children sparring with each other 争吵着的孩子
drawl v. speak slowly, prolonging the vowels 慢吞吞地说
例：to drawl one’s word 拉长调说话
bigotry n. the behavior, attitude, or beliefs of a bigot；intolerance；prejudice偏执，顽固，偏见rampant adj. flourishing excessively; unrestrained 猖獗的，遏制不住的
例：a city of rampant violence 暴力活动失去控制的城市
bigot n. person who holds strong beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who disagrees 偏执的人
例：religious bigot 宗教的道士
faggot n. bundle of sticks, twigs, or branches (esp. for use as fuel) 柴捆，柴把enlightenment n. act of making sth. free from prejudice, ignorance, superstition, etc. 启发，开导，开通
例：The teacher’s attempts at enlightenment succeeded. 老师的开导见效了。

contaminate v. make sb./sth. impure (by adding dangerous or disease-carrying substances) 使某人〔某物〕受污染
例：a river contaminated by chemicals 受到污染的河
同义词：pollute
pollute的早期用法指对一种圣洁，神圣的亵渎，或对物质，道德的纯洁性的玷污，如今常用来指彻底的物质上的污染，并产生一切有毒的，对安康生命有害的东西，如：The fumes have polluted the air we breathe.〔烟气污染了我们呼吸的空气。

〕contaminate指一些有害的，不受欢送的或不纯的东西，通过未受到污染之物得以传播。

另外，pollute指那种很明显或很容易看得见的污染，而contaminate指变化慢,不直接或通常不易觉察得到的污染。

反义词: clean, purify, sterilize
mammal n. any of the class of animals that give birth to live offspring and feed their young on milk from the breast. 哺乳动物
snort v. utter with a snort to express anger, contempt, or the like 愤怒地哼一声
brandish v. wave in a triumphant or threatening way; display 得意地或威胁地挥动，显示例：The demonstrators brandished banners and shouted slogans. 示威者挥舞着旗帜,呼喊着口号。

denounce v. condemn strongly as evil; say that sb./sth. is wrong, unlawful, etc. 谴责，斥责.
例：Union officials denounced the management’s hypocrisy. 工会负责人谴责管理层的虚伪. sonorous adj. having a full deep sound; sounding impressive and important 圆润消沉的，感人的，堂皇的
例：a sonorous bell 声音圆润消沉的钟/a sonorous style of writing 华美的文体
fervour n. strength or warmth of feeling; enthusiasm 热烈，热忱，热情
例：to speak with great fervour 热情洋溢地说
arena n. any sphere of struggle or conflict 竞争场所，活动场所
prairie n. wide area of level grassland, esp. in North America 大草原
同义词: plain, bush, desert
plain指平原,原野,是一般性的词,本身不表示肥沃或其他地形特征, 如: the great plains〔大平原〕；desert 不说明地理位置, 但特指贫瘠的,少雨的地带,主要由沙土或沙丘组成；bush指无人居住的,荒野的,长满灌木的土地；prairie指美国中西部或加拿大中部肥沃的,但没有森林的平原。

反义词: mountain
scorch v. burn or discolour ( a surface) by dry heat 将〔物体外表〕烫焦，烫变色例：The lawn looked scorched after days of sunshine.草坪晒了几天以后好似有些枯萎了。

oratory n. (act of ) public speaking, esp. when used skillfully to affect an audience 演讲，(尤指)雄辩的演说
例：Some politicians are famous for their powers of oratory.有些政治家以辩才著称.。

duel n. contest or struggle between two people; group, etc. (双方的)竞争，斗争例：to engage in duel of wits 双方斗智
hush n. stillness, silence 安静，寂静
例：in the hush of the night 在夜的寂静中
同义词: silence，stillness
silence只表示不说话或不弄出声响,但并不一定指没有活动，如：His silence was
accompanied by vigorous gestures〔他一言不发但做着强有力的手势。

〕stillness指平静的，安定的状态，但常用来指动乱和喧闹之间的平静，如：There was a moment of stillness when the eye of the storm passed overhead.〔风暴眼掠过头顶时有瞬间的平静。

〕
反义词: loud, talkative
adjourn v. stop( a meeting, etc) for a time; postpone 停顿〔会议,等〕一段时间，休(会)，延期例：Let’s adjourn until tomorrow. 咱们休会,明天继续进展。

hawker n. a person who sells goods by going from house to house, street to street, etc. 走街串巷的小贩
entrepreneur n. a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of the profit〔法语〕企业家
ponder v. think about (sth.) carefully and for a long time, esp. in trying to reach a decision;
consider〔长时间〕仔细考虑〔某事〕，深思
例：I pondered (over) the incident, asking myself again and again how it could have happened.
我反复考虑那件事,一再自问终究是怎么回事。

同义词：think, meditate, muse
这些词都是指开动脑筋去寻找对事物的一个较好的理解，解决问题或是寻求真理。

think是普通字眼，表示任何脑力的运用；meditate和muse是用沉思或沉着的方式去考虑，meditate比muse较普通, 它指严肃地,长时间地集中精力考虑，如：The author meditated on the theme of his book before sketching out the plot and characterization.〔作者在拟出故事情节及人物性格前已对他的作品主题深思熟虑了。

〕，muse指梦幻般地漫无目的的一连串想法，如：She mused about whether her husband would notice her new dress.〔她左思右想她的丈夫是否会注意到她的新衣服。

〕
cower v. crouch down or move backwards in fear or distress〔因害怕或痛苦〕蜷缩，退缩例：He cowered back as she raised her hand to hit him. 她伸手打他，他立即向后退缩。

sulphurous adj. of or like sulphur; violently emotional〔似〕硫的，异常冲动的
dispatch n. report sent to a newspaper or news agency 〔发给报刊或通讯社的〕新闻报导，电讯
yokel n. simple-minded country person 乡下佬，土包子
telegraphist n. person whose job is to send and receive massages by telegraph 电报员，报务员squat v. sit on one’s heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under the body; crouch 蹲，收膝而坐
例：The old man squatted by the fire. 老人蹲在火炉旁。

gawk v. stare impolitely or stupidly. 无礼地或呆呆地瞪眼
例：I hate being gawked at. 我讨厌人直瞪地盯着我。

trump n. card of a suit that temporarily has a higher value than the other three suits 王牌，主牌，将牌
例：Hearts are trumps. 红桃是王牌。

Scripture n. the Bible ?圣经?
wily adj. crafty or cunning; full of wilies 狡猾的，诡计多端的
例：as wily as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾
repel v. drive back or away; repulse 赶走或驱除，击退
例：to repel an invasion 击退进攻/The surface repels moisture. 这表层能防潮。

fervent adj. showing warmth and sincerity of feeling;；enthusiastic；passionate 热情的，热烈的，强烈的
例：a fervent admirer 痴心的爱慕者
snigger n. half-suppressed unpleasant laugh 窃笑，暗笑
例：His shabby appearance drew sniggers from the guests. 他的样子寒酸，客人们不禁暗自发笑。

同义词：laugh, giggle, chuckle
laugh是这类词中最常用的词，一般是因为快乐，快乐或幸福而发笑，声音可大可小；
giggle通常指小孩或姑娘发出的高音笑声，也常常表示一种压抑不住的傻笑；chuckle 指消沉的，沉思的，男子气质的声音，它常用于表示满意，欣赏，并往往指发笑者本人，如：He chuckled at himself for having worn two socks that didn’ t match.〔当看到自己穿着两只不成双的袜子时，他暗自发笑。

〕snigger描绘一种抑制性的或半忍住的嘲笑，当指成年人时，假如不是出自反常的幽默感，那么表示一种孩子般的幼稚和明显的呆痴，如：They sniggered when he announced that he would be Prime Minister. 〔当他宣布他要成为首相时，他们嗤之以鼻。

〕
反义词：frown, weep
twirl v. turn quickly and lightly round and round; spin 轻快地转动，使旋转同义词：rotate, revolve, roll, spin, turn
twirl常指由手或手指操纵的一连串的复杂动作，如扭、捻等；rotate, revolve和roll 经常交替使用，但他们指的是三种不同的圆周运动：当一个物体围绕本身的中心轴转动时用rotate,一个物体围绕它自身以外的中心转动用revolve, 如：The earth revolves around the sun.〔地球绕太阳转动。

〕一个物体在一个平面或其他物体的外表转动用roll，如：Car wheels roll on the ground.〔车轮在地上滚动。

〕s pin着重说明运动的持续性而且通常指范围很小的圆周运动，如：The earth spins on its axis.〔地球绕地轴旋转。

〕turn是用得最普遍的词，可以作这一组其他任何一词的同义词。

serpent n. a snake, esp. a large or poisonous one 蛇〔尤指大蛇或毒蛇〕
livid adj. grayish-blue; pale; lead-colored 青灰色的，铅色的
slur n. statement, accusation, etc. that may damage sb.’s reputation, esp. when untrue 诋毁，中伤，诽谤
gavel n. small hammer used by an auctioneer or chairman as a signal for order or attention (拍卖者或主席用的)小木槌
例：to bang one’s gavel on the table 用小槌在桌上猛敲
quell v. put an end to; suppress 制止，镇压，压制
例：to quell the rebellion 镇压叛乱
hubbub n. confused sound of many voices；noises；uproar 吵闹声，喧哗，骚动
forlorn adj. lonely and unhappy; abandoned 孤独凄凉的，被抛弃的
例：a forlorn child 被人遗弃的孩子
verdict n. decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case (陪审团的)裁断例：to question a verdict 对裁断提出疑义
conviction n. a decision in a court of law that a person is guilty of a crime, or the process of proving that he is guilty定罪
例：They have no previous convictions.他们没有前科。

课文理解：
1.背景介绍:
①John Scopes: John scopes is the writer of this piece. He was a high school science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee who, by teaching evolution, was accused of breaking the law. He was the defendant in the case. As the last surviving principal in this trail, he decided to write a story describing the highlights of the trail. The name of John Scopes became synonymous with this trail, which is popularly known as the “Monkey Trail〞. A film, called “Inherit the Wind〞, was made of the trail. John Scopes died in 1979.
是本课的作者。

他是美国田纳西州戴顿镇中学一名自然科学老师。

由于在当地讲授进化论而被控违法。

他是此案的被告。

作为当年最后一位活着的当事人，他决定写一篇文章描写当时庭审的精彩经过。

斯科普斯的名字后来成为这次著名的“猿猴审讯案〞的同义词。

电影“风的传播〞就是取材于这场审讯。

约翰. 斯科普斯于1979年去世。

②United States Law: There are two types of American law: civil law and criminal law. Civil law covers suits between individuals (companies as well as people are “individuals〞). Insurance claims, divorces，and business malpratices are examples of matters handled under civil law. Criminal law covers cases brought by the state against individuals; criminal offenses range from traffic tickets to major crimes like hijacking and murder.
美国法律：美国法律分民法和刑法。

民法处理个体之间的诉讼。

保险索赔，离婚，经营舞弊都是民法审理的内容。

刑法解决由州向个人起诉的案子；从交通违章罚单到诸如劫持和谋杀都是触犯刑法的行为。

③the fundamentalist movement: a militantly conservative and fanatically religious American Protestant movement that began in the early 20th century in opposition to modern scientific tendency; it hold that the Bible is a verbally accurate recording of the word of God, and was strong in parts of the U.S. especially the South, at the time.
原教旨主义运动：美国新教派运动，始于二十世纪，以反对现代科学思潮，认为?圣经?是上帝训诫的唯一真实纪载，其经文翔实无误。

这在当时的美国，尤其在美国南部盛行一时。

④Harvard University:the oldest university of the U.S.A., at Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1636 and named after its first benefactor (捐助者)，John Harvard (1607-1638), a nonconformist minister born in England.
哈佛大学：美国历史最悠久的高等学府，坐落于马萨诸塞州剑桥，建于1636年，以捐助者约翰.哈佛〔1607-1638〕的名字命名，一个生于英国的新教徒。

⑤state legislature: official body of people who pass (determine, decide)laws. Each of the 50 states in the U.S. has a legislature. The national legislature is called the congress.
州立法机构：一个决定法律的官方机构。

美国的五十个州都有立法机构。

国家立法机构称为国会。

⑥16th century: The 16th century was the time of the Renaissance when new ideas of arts, science began flourish. The church led a reactionary movement against the Renaissance which threatened old religious beliefs. They intimidated free-thinkers and even burned them to death at the stake—i.e., tied them to a pole and ignited sticks piled up at their feet
16世纪：十六世纪是文艺复兴时期，艺术和科学新思想蓬勃开展，反动教会发起了反文艺复兴运动，他们恫吓自由思想者，并把他们绑在火刑柱上烧死。

⑦Darwin’s theory of evolution:All living forms, plants and animals, including Man, have developed from earlier and simpler forms by processes of change and selection.
达尔文的进化论：所有生命形式，植物和动物，包括人类，都是通过变化和挑选由早
期的简单形式开展而来。

2.全文概述：
This text describes the highlights of the trial, which is popularly known as the “monkey trial〞. The defendant, John Scopes, who was a high school science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, was accused of breaking the law by teaching evolution. In the court, the counsel for his defence, the famous lawyer Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone launched a verbal attack on the prosecution headed by William Jennings Bryan, who was the mouthpiece〔代言人〕of the fundamentalists. Though at last John Scopes was convicted guilty, the battle Darrow and Malone fought in the little court drew the attention of the people all over the country. It brought changes in the U.S. and paved the way for the spreading of the concept that people should be allowed to express their ideas freely.
3.美文欣赏及写作特点：
The whole piece is written in the form of self account with coherence. From the beginning about the description of the atmosphere in the court, to the description of the verbal battle between the prosecution and the defence〔控辩双方〕，and to the end of the trial, a sense of fervour, merriment and sarcasm is felt throughout the whole piece. Even the description of the activities by different people outside the little court is so vivid, vigorous and lively. The writer makes use of many rhetorical devices, such as metaphor, simile, pun, hyperbole, oxymoron, contrast, etc. to enhance the vividness of the language in conveying the message. Moreover, the text is also praise-worthy in terms of diction. By the use of effective words such words like “buzz〞, “packed〞, “baking〞, “brandish〞, “denounce〞, “thunder〞, “fervent〞etc, the writer succeeds in creating a heated, stirring and conflicting atmosphere in the court. Words like “chuckle〞, “snigger〞and “laugh〞in describing the response of the audience gradually further direct the verbal battle to its climax. Although this piece relates only a small event that happened in a little court in Dayton, a small town in Tennessee, it conveys to readers an urgent message that in modern society intellectual and academic freedom is much needed.
整篇课文采用自述体，一气呵成。

从一开场描写法庭开庭前的气氛，到控辩双方的唇枪舌剑，到法庭审讯的完毕，无不给读者热烈酣畅的感觉。

就连对法庭外人们所进展的各种活动的描写都是那么生动而有活力。

作者大量地运用修辞手法，如隐喻，明喻，双关语，夸大，矛盾修饰法、比照等，使文章中的语言更加生动形象。

此文在措辞上颇值得褒奖。

为了使读者感受到法庭上的那种躁动不安的对峙气氛，作者使用了很多表现力很强的词，如buzz, packed, brandish, denounce, thunder, burst, fervent等，描写观众反响的词，如：chuckle, snigger 和laugh，将舌战进一步推向高潮。

尽管这个故事讲的只是在田纳西州的戴顿小镇的一个小法庭上发生的事，但它向读者转达了这样一个信息，这就是在现代社会里人们急待需要思想和学术的自由。

核心内容解析：
1．A buzz ran through the crowd … July day in1925：The sound of many people whispering and talking excitedly in low tones spread among people as I went to my seat in the court which was crowded with people.〔在1925年7月的那个天气闷热的日子里，当我在挤满听众的法庭就位时，人群中响起一阵嗡嗡的议论声。

〕注意本句中使用的三个词buzz, packed, sweltering把法庭上的人多闷热和人群的躁动表现得生动形象。

2．“Don’t worry, son … for the court to open〞：son在这里是长者对晚辈的一种爱称。

We’ll show them a few tricks: we have some clever and unexpected tricks and we’ll surprise them in the trial. 我们会有让他们意想不到的方法，即“让他们尝试我们的厉害。

〞reassuring arm 直译过来是“抚慰的手臂〞，实际上是指这种抚慰的方式，这是移就修辞手法的使用。

这句中court是指trial。

3．More than one hundred reports … a jury trial: on hand 意为present, available〔在场〕。

a jury trial即a trial that had a jury (有陪审团参加的审讯)。

4．The case had erupted round my head: The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.〔这件案子突然地降临到我头上。

〕erupt是修辞用法，原意是“爆发〞，在本句中是指“突然发生〞。

5．The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin’s theory of evolution: The new law pointed directly at Darwin’s theory of evolution.〔这项新法律显然是直接针对达尔文的进化论的。

〕aim (at): 瞄准，对准，冲着〔某人〕，有伤害之意。

squarely 意为directly (直接地)。

6．When I was indicted … in U.S. history:：When I was charged formally on May 7, I was the last one to expect that my case would grow into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.
〔五月七日当我被起诉时，谁也没有料到，尤其是我本人更没有想到我的这件案子会越闹越大，以致成为美国历史上最出名的审讯之一。

〕least of all 英语意为to an insignificant degree〔最不，尤其〕。

snowball 在此是隐喻的修辞手法，原意是指“滚雪球〞，引申为“像雪球一样越滚越大〞，非常形象。

7．Our town of 1500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere: All sorts of activities were going on in the town and there was a kind of noisy holiday spirit there.〔这个拥有1500人的小镇显现出一派观看马戏表演一样的热闹气氛。

〕take on意思是begin to have (the look of )(呈现出)。

circus atmosphere是比喻的用法，把小镇上的那种热闹气氛比作像看马戏表演一样。

8．Butlere was … his native county：before his election指的是他被中选为田纳西州立法机构成员之前。

had never been out of his native county这句话的深层含义是说巴特勒这个人见识不多，因此目光短浅，心胸狭窄。

9．The presiding judge…mountaineer jedge：The judge in charge of the proceedings John Raulston, whose face flushed with rosy colour, said: “I am just an ordinary judge from the mountains.〞〔审讯长是约翰.劳尔斯顿，一个面色红润的人。

他操着地方口音说道，“我只是个普通的山区法官。

〞〕the presiding judge: 审讯长。

“I’m jist a reg’lar mountaineer jedge〞具有浓重的美国南方口音，使人觉得此人粗俗，缺少教养。

这句陈述是一种虚情假意的谦虚，传达了这位审讯长固有的地方性狭隘和偏见。

10.In a trial … Hays s Jew：在这场宗教起着关键作用的审讯中，达罗是一个不可知论者，
马隆是一个罗马天主教徒，而黑斯是个犹太教徒。

In a trial in which religion played a key role: 作者司科普斯被控违背法律是因为他教授了与圣经的教义相悖的理论，而这个法律是原教旨主义者迫使州立法机构通过的，所以说在这场审讯中宗教起着关键的作用。

全句指出了控辩双方律师之间的宗教与非宗教的意见分歧。

辩方律师不同的宗教信仰暗示了他们更加宽宏大量和更加客观。

11.That’s one hell of a jury：That’s on jury at all; that is a completely inappropriate jury.〔这是
个混帐的陪审团。

〕one hell of (or a hell of )是常见短语，指不同寻常之事物。

12.“He is here … mighty strong combination：He is here because the lack of knowledge and
prejudice are widespread and impossible to control, and it is a very strong combination.〔他之所以站在被告席上，是因为无知和偏见横行，而且这两者结合成一股强大的权力。

〕
这一句中的it是指the combination of ignorance and bigotry〔无知和偏见的结合〕。

mighty 是美国俗语，意思相当于very, extremely〔非常，极其〕。

13.Today it is the teachers … the newspapers：Today the teachers are put on trial because they
teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spread knowledge of science.〔今天受审讯的是老师，明天就会轮到杂志，书籍和报纸。

〕It 在句中指无知与偏见所攻击的对象。

tomorrow是修辞用法，指in the near future〔不远的将来〕。

14.After a while … to the human mind：要不了多久，社会上便会是人与人为仇，教派与教
派为敌的场面，直到我们的社会大踏步的退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时假如有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧，知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。

setting意为“开场〞。

marching backwards (大踏步后退) 在这里是反语〔irony〕，因为marching 一词的英语解释是going forward for a great course(为某一伟大事业大踏步的前进)，而在此句中意思恰恰相反，同样glorious age of the 16th century也是反语，因为16世纪正是文艺复兴时期，艺术与科学的新思潮繁荣兴盛，基督教会对威胁旧的宗教信仰的文艺复兴发起了反扑，他们恫吓自由思想者，并把他们绑在火刑柱上烧死。

因此在这句话中glorious age并非真正的“辉煌的年代〞，而应该是the dark age〔黑暗的年代〕。

15.“He didn’t say a cat was the same as a man?〞Darrow asked.这是一个用肯定句的形式来
发句的句子，比直接用一般疑问句Did he say …？更具有强调性，达罗提出这个问题意在嘲笑原教旨主义者的愚昧无知。

16.“There’s some doubt about that,〞Darrow snorted：It is doubtful whether man has
reasoning power.〔“这可难说，〞达罗哼着鼻子说。

〕that在此句中指的是having reasoning power (有思维才能)。

这句话是在挖苦那些原教旨主义者，暗示他们没有思维力。

17.The Christian believes … must have come from below：The Christians believe that God in
heaven made human beings. But evolutionists think human beings come from the earth (or from lowly animals).〔基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者那么认为人一定是来自地下。

〕布赖恩不甘示弱，反唇相讥。

他的陈述暗示：按照进化论的观点人类没有什么高贵伟大之处。

他有意地使基督教信仰与进化论形成宏大的反差，以获得极好的挖苦效果。

注意布赖恩对进化论者信仰的措辞是must have come〔肯定是来自〕，以说明进化论者毫无根据，仅仅只是猜想。

18.The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work：Bryan was encouraged by the
audience’s appreciation of his sarcasm〔挖苦〕and became more enthusiastic.〔旁听的群众忍不住咯咯地笑了，布赖恩也就越说越起劲。

〕warmed to his work 是非常生动的表达方法。

19.In one hand … for the defence: In one hand he waved a biology text and condemned those
scientists who had come to Dayton to give evidence for me.〔他一只手挥动着生物学教科书，指责那些前来戴顿为我作证的科学家们。

〕Brandish〔挥舞，挥动〕和condemn〔谴责〕这两个词的使用让人感觉布赖恩就是上帝派来的使者。

布莱恩的这句话和下一段话暗示：进化论来自魔鬼，而被告的支持者正在替魔鬼做邪恶的事。

20.“The Bible … as part of a divine plan〞: thunder, sonorous, organ 是隐喻的手法，都用来
指布赖恩的嗓音——深沉，饱满，洪亮，给人深入印象。

牧师，布道者以及其他宗教领袖都刻意修炼成这种嗓音以感动他们的听众。

expert在这里有挖苦的意味。

who come hundreds of miles的深层含义是说这些千里迢迢赶来听审的专家们是制造费事的人。

句。