2016届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷及答案
高三英语-2016届高三第一次阶段性测试英语试题答案
2016届高三第一次模拟考试英语参考答案第一部分听力1-5.AACBB 6-10.AABCB 11-15.ACBAB 16-20.CBCBA第二部分英语知识运用第一节单项选择21-25 CAABC 26-30 ABBCB 31-35 BCBDB第二节完形填空36-40 CBACD 41-45 AACBB 46-50 CADCD 51-55 BBDBA第三部分阅读理解(A) BCD (B) CCBB (C) BBBC (D) BCAB第四部分任务型阅读71. Definition 72. Measure 73. example 74. continue 75. connected76. influencing/ disturbing 77. Reflect 78. gradual 79. through 80. Conclusion第五部分书面表达One possible version:For most people, it is a natural reaction to help if they see an old man fall down to the ground. But now things are different.As can be seen from the cartoon, Father Christmas falls over and is lying on the ground. People crowd around, watching, but no one gives a helping hand. It seems that there is no way for Father Christmas to deliver his Christmas gifts.This cartoon is full of humor and satire. It reflects a social phenomenon that when the elderly fall, no one dares to help. This is partly because people are afraid they would be blamed for the accident if the elderly were injured. But it is mainly because of the total indifference to other people’s suffering. Such behavior is out of tune with our harmonious society.As far as I’m concerned, helping those people in trouble is the bottom line of our public morality, which should be advocated. More importantly, efforts should be made to protect the benefits of those who provide help. Only in this way can we be sure that, on one hand, the injured people receive timely aid and on the other hand, warm-hearted people never suffer from loss.(174words)1。
静安2016英语一模答案
静安2016英语一模答案【篇一：2016-2017静安高三英语一模卷】lass=txt>高三年级英语试卷2016.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第i卷和第ii卷，全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
i. listening comprehensionsection adirections:in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. a. in a library2. a. a clerk3. a.5:004. a. she lost her way.c. she lost her car.5. a. the woman would understand if she did mary?s job.b. the woman should do the typing for mary.c. the woman should work as hard as mary.d. the woman isn?t a skillful typist.6. a. he gets nervous very easily.c. he is an awful speaker.7. a. the apple pie tastes very nice.c. the apple pie can?t match his brother?s.8. a. she is not very interested in the article. b. his motherlikes the apple pie very much. d. his mother can?t make apple pies. b. he hasn?t prepared his speech well. d. he is an inexperienced speaker. b. she lost her keys. d. she lost her handbag. b. 5:15 c. 5:30 d. 5:45 b. a banker c. an operator d. a salesman b. in a bookstore c. in a hospital d. in a laboratoryb. she has given the man much trouble.c. she would like to have a copy of the article.d. she doesn?t want to take the trouble to read the article.9. a. he is not very enthusiastic about his english lessons.b. he has made great progress in his english.c. he is a student of the music department.d. he is not very interested in english songs.10. a. the man went to a wrong check-in counter.b. the man has missed the flight.c. the plane will leave at 9:14.d. the plane?s departure time remains unknown.section bdirections:in section b,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and longerconversation.the passages and the longer conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.when you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. a. a basket. b. an egg. c. a cup.12. a. to let in the sunshine.c. to keep the nest cool.13. a. some are built underground.c. most are sewed with grasses.b. to serve as its door. d. an oven. d. for the bird to lay eggs. b. some use pears as their nests.c. most are dried by the sun.questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.a. south africa.15. a. it?s a trade that is driven by customer appetites.b. the latest trick seems to be promoting business.c. you can hardly resist the temptation when seeing the pictures of food.d. people have no idea in buying things. b. asia. c. europe. d. south america.16. a. young people.b. foreigners.c. local people.d. old people.question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. a. it is nice.c. it is totally silent.18. a. they are available on the last saturday of the month.b. they could work at night this month.c. they have to be paid overtime if working this month.d. they could work at weekends at normal pay.19.a. the engineer.c. the repairman.20. a. they charge a fixed fee for this service.b. they provide free maintenance for 24 hours.c. they provide free maintenance for a year.d. they provide automatic maintenance service. b. the mechanic. d. the electrician. b. it is safe and reliable. d. it is noisy.ii. grammar and vocabularysection adirections:after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.iphone 7 being investigated after surfer claims it set his car on fireapple is investigating a report from an australian man who claimed his iphone 7 caught fire and destroyed his car, the company said on friday.surfer mat jones toldchannel 7 news that he (21) __________ (go) into water off a new south wales beach and left his new iphone 7,brought last week, (22) __________ (wrap) in a pair of trousers in his car on the beach.he said that (23) __________ he returned from the water he saw smoke rising from the car.“as i looked into my car,i could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black.”a video footage(影像) taken from another phone showed the front seats, dashboard and stick melted and charred, and jones said that he felt “pretty much like a big heat wave just came out of the car”.eventually the surfer was able to remove (24)__________ was left of his clothes. “ash was just coming from inside the pants. once the pants were unwrapped, the phone was just meltinginside.”jones said that he had not dropped the phone or physically damaged it,(25)__________ happened to a sydney man who fell off his bike and suffered burns from an iphone. he also said that he had not used (26)__________ non-apple charging device.a spokeswoman for apple said the company was investigating the complaint.“we?re in touch with the customer and we?re looking into it,” she said.lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries (27)__________ burst into flames because of physical damage or overhearing.apple?s(28)__________ (big) smartphone computer,samsung, has begun an international recall of 2.5m galaxy note 7 devicesafter more than 100 devices started smoking,sparking or caught fire -- in some cases(29)__________ (cause)fire damage and injury.several other companies, including hewlett packard, tesla and the makers of so-called “hoverboards”,have also experienced problems (30)________ their lithium-ion batteries,though the vast majority work without problems.section bdirections:complete the following passage by using the words in the box. each word can only be used once.note that there is one word more than you need.a. encourageb. commonc. uncivilizedd. immigrantse. illegalf. proposedg. panich. consumptioni. freedomj. extraordinaryk. finein late february, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a hong kong subway. thereason? eating in public.in hong kong it is 31.__________ to eat on the subway, and when the touristwas scolded by a hong kong local, the situation escalated（升级） into a verbal slinging match.in new york city, eating on the subway is also controversial.no law bans the practice, buta democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. the32.__________ law would baneating on the subway system and 33.__________ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according tothe new york times. proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. otherssay the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee andeat their bread onthe way to work. they also argue that street food is an important part ofnew yorks culture and history. banningits34.__________ in public areas such as the subway wouldhave negative effects.street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverseas new york, beijing and paris. while35__________, it has been traditionally thought of as thebehavior of the lower classes. eating in public was (andin some places, still is) associated with36__________, poorer people.in the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality andpublic health. putnams(a popular magazine at the time) stated: eating in public may cause acertain 37.__________ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. it was something peoplein the victorian era did not want to 38.__________. a recent new york times articledrew a link betweenthis moral 39.__________ about street food and concern over the growing populations of irish,german,italian and jewish40.__________ who ran food carts in the 1800s.whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, its best tobeconsiderate when enjoying a bite in public.iii.reading comprehensionsection adirections:for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a, b,c and d.fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.the two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and theextended family. to a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a societys primary subsistence (存在)strategy.american social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill fourcrucial social42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization ofchildren to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support formembers. although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each ofthem varies widely both geographically and44.________. for example, in nineteenth-centuryamerica, people married mainly to have children. today, emotionalsupport among familymembers has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become aneconomic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.in recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such asthe single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin(亲戚).americanfamilies also47.________ according to social class.a couples social class affects the number ofchildren they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family becauseofillness, death, or divorce. social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likelyto undergo and the way parents raise their children. 49.________,theextent to which americanfamilies now differ by50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago. the american family has been 51.________ in a number ofways over the past few decades.many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all.these social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-personhouseholds and childless couples. role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities. many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriagewhile increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. in this way, families are54________ such broadsocial trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a risingrate of divorce. undoubtedly, the american family will continue to be subjected to suchpressures, but how55.________ will these future adaptations be?41. a. reflect b. change c. confirm d. replace42. a. performancesb. activities c. relations d. functions43. a. with regard to b. in terms of c.in combination withd. for the purpose of44. a. raciallyb. financially c. historically d. spiritually45. a. inhabitation b. competition c. connection d. production46. a. variations b. units c. arrangements d. characteristics47. a. develop b. extend c. differ d. evolve【篇二：2016-2017静安高三一模卷(1)】lass=txt>高三年级英语试卷2016.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
上海市静安区2017学年度第一学期质量检测试卷-高三英语
静安区2016学年第一学期教学质量检测高三年级英语试卷2016.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. In a library B. In a bookstore C. In a hospital D. In a laboratory2. A. A clerk B. A banker C. An operator D. A salesman3. A.5:00 B. 5:15 C. 5:30 D. 5:454. A. She lost her way. B. She lost her keys.C. She lost her car.D. She lost her handbag.5. A. The woman would understand if she did Mary’s job.B. The woman should do the typing for Mary.C. The woman should work as hard as Mary.D. The woman isn’t a skillful typist.6. A. He gets nervous very easily. B. He hasn’t prepared his speech well.C. He is an awful speaker.D. He is an inexperienced speaker.7. A. The apple pie tastes very nice. B. His mother likes the apple pie very much.C. The apple pie can’t match his brother’s.D. His mother can’t make apple pies.8. A. She is not very interested in the article.B. She has given the man much trouble.C. She would like to have a copy of the article.D. She doesn’t want to take the trouble to read the article.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. The man went to a wrong check-in counter.B. The man has missed the flight.C. The plane will leave at 9:14.D. The plane’s departure time remains unknown.Section BDirections:In section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and longer conversation.The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A basket. B. An egg. C. A cup. D. An oven.12. A. To let in the sunshine. B. To serve as its door.C. To keep the nest cool.D. For the bird to lay eggs.13. A. Some are built underground. B. Some use pears as their nests.C. Most are sewed with grasses. C. Most are dried by the sun.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. South Africa. B. Asia. C. Europe. D. South America.15. A. It’s a trade that is driven by customer appetites.B. The latest trick seems to be promoting business.C. You can hardly resist the temptation when seeing the pictures of food.D. People have no idea in buying things.16. A. Young people. B. Foreigners. C. Local people. D. Old people.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is nice. B. It is safe and reliable.C. It is totally silent.D. It is noisy.18. A. They are available on the last Saturday of the month.B. They could work at night this month.C. They have to be paid overtime if working this month.D. They could work at weekends at normal pay.19.A. The engineer. B. The mechanic.C. The repairman.D. The electrician.20. A. They charge a fixed fee for this service.B. They provide free maintenance for 24 hours.C. They provide free maintenance for a year.D. They provide automatic maintenance service.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.iPhone 7 being investigated after surfer claims it set his car on fire Apple is investigating a report from an Australian man who claimed his iPhone 7 caught fire and destroyed his car, the company said on Friday.Surfer Mat Jones told Channel 7 News that he (21) __________ (go) into water off a New South Wales beach and left his new iPhone 7,brought last week, (22) __________ (wrap) in a pair of trousers in his car on the beach.He said that (23) __________ he returned from the water he saw smoke rising from the car.“As I looked into my car,I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black.”A video footage(影像) taken from another phone showed the front seats, dashboard and stick melted and charred, and Jones said that he felt “pretty much like a big heat wave just came out of the car”.Eventually the surfer was able to remove (24)__________ was left of his clothes. “Ash was just coming from inside the pants. Once the pants were unwrapped, the phone was just melting inside.”Jones said that he had not dropped the phone or physically damaged it,(25)__________ happened to a Sydney man who fell off his bike and suffered burns from an iPhone. He also said that he had not used(26)__________ non-Apple charging device.A spokeswoman for A pple said the company was investigating the complaint.“We’re in touch with the customer and we’re looking into it,” she said.Lithium-ion (锂离子)batteries (27)__________ burst into flames because of physical damage or overhearing.Apple’s (28)__________ (big) smartphone computer,Samsung, has begun an international recall of 2.5m Galaxy Note 7 devices after more than 100 devices started smoking,sparking or caught fire -- in some cases(29)__________ (cause)fire damage and injury.Several other companies, including Hewlett Packard, Tesla and the makers of so-called “hoverboards”,have also experienced problems (30)________ their lithium-ion batteries,though the vast majority work without problems.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.In late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31.__________ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32.__________ law would ban eating on the subway system and 33.__________ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.__________ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35__________, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36__________, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37.__________ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38.__________. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.__________ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.__________ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or Phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and theextended family. To a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a society's primary subsistence (存在)strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill fourcrucial social42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization ofchildren to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support formembers. Although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each ofthem varies widely both geographically and 44.________. For example, in nineteenth-centuryAmerica, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among familymembers has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become aneconomic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such asthe single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin(亲戚).Americanfamilies also47.________ according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number ofchildren they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family becauseofillness, death, or divorce. Socialclass also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likelyto undergo and the way parents raise their children.49.________,the extent to which Americanfamilies now differ by 50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been 51.________ in a number of ways over the past few decades.Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all.These social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-personhouseholds and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriagewhile increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are54________ such broadsocial trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a risingrate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to suchpressures, but how55.________ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regard to B. in terms of C.in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. naturalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon hascome to be called the Hawthorne effect.56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output because _______________.A. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working placeB. the workers had to pay more attention to what they were doingC. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated themD. the workers in the experiment were paid more than other workers57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph is________A. list of itemsB. time orderC. definition and exampleD. cause and effect58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests that___________A. workers' attitudes are more important than their environmentB. social scientists are good workersC. productivity in electric plants tends to be lowD. even those who were not in the experiment improved their productivity59. The author's main purpose is________________A. to explain the Hawthorne effectB. to prove the importance of researchC. to amuse with a surprising experimentD. to suggest ideas for future research(B)Join IMDb and Become a Founding Supporter of the Academy Museumof Museum of MotionPicturesThe Academy of Motion Pictures Arts & Sciences isbuilding the world’s leading movie museum in the heart of Los Angeles. The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, scheduled to open in 2017, will contain six stories of state-of-the-art galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters and educational areas. Through groundbreaking exhibitions and innovative programming, the Museum will explore how Hollywood and the film industry have shaped culture and creativity around the world. Designed by Renzo Piano, the Academy Museum will be located next to the Los Angeles. County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) campus in the landmarked Wilshire May Company Building.To help ensure this long-held dream of the Academy becomes a reality, the Academy has launched a $300 million fund-raising campaign, led by Bob Iger, Annette Bening and Tom Hanks.We hope you can join IMDb and the Academy Museum's community of early supporters by making a gift to the campaign today. Or, sign up for the Academy Museum mailing list to hear about upcoming museum events and developments.Donate NowHelp make movie history and join in elite group of supporters, including IMDb, by making your contribution today.To see a full list.of the Academy Museum founding supporters, click here. If you would like to make a donation or leam more about naming opportunities, please contact Christine Joyce Rodriguez, Manager of Annual Giving, at Christine.Rodriguez@ or 310 247 3040.60.The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures is located________.A. in the downtown area of Los AngelesB. in the suburb of the city of Los AngelesC. in the Los Angeles County Museum of ArtD. in the centre of Wilshire May Company61.The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will focus on____________.A. the exhibition of film equipmentB. the impact of film industry on world cultureC. the popularity of Hollywood movie cultureD. the achievements of American galleries and theatres62. The passage is intended to ______________.A. promote the Academy Museum and make movie historyB. arouse people's interest in the Academy MuseumC. raise enough money for the Academy MuseumD. help realize the Academy Museum founding supporters' dreams(C)To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not restricted to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The IndustrialRevolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.63. Why does the author give the examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl?A. To show that technology could be used to destroy our world.B. To stress the author's concern about the safety of complex technology.C. To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man.D. To demonstrate that being a human creation, technology is likely to make an error.64. What does the phrase "went haywire" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. were out of rangeB. went out of dateC. fell out of useD. got out of control65.According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because___________.A. the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindB.the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC.it has helped to switch to an information technologyD. it has a great potential impact on society66. In the passage, the author clearly shows his_____________.A. keen insight into the nature of technologyB. sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC. thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD. comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technologySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could be destroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people with it._________67____________.Steps1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick and drag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later. You should do more than this, but it's most important to take themost valuable, irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guard against hard drive failure, theft or loss.2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are: How replaceable is this data? How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things like business accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thing should be your first priority.3.Start making backups.__________69__________Diminishing returns(效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.IV Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main file of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症) has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than l.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict between airlines' needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro, an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disturbed by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a "fat tax"). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的, but some argue that this is purely down to numbers.A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do, with the condition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the Air Carrier Access Act go verning the treatment of passengers with disabilities,” she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.”Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‘one-person, one-fare’ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat.V.TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.72. 互联网经济在为中国的国内外贸易提供新的机遇。
2016届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷及答案
2016届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷及答案静安区2015学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测英语试卷2016. 1考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-13页）和第II卷（第13-14页），全卷共14页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Teacher. B. Repairman. C. Shop assistant. D. Doctor.2.A. At home. B. At school. C. In the hospital. D. On the street.3.A. His new job is too difficult for him.B. He is used to his new job.C. He is still trying to get used to his new job.D. He doesn’t like his new job.4. A. 15 dollars. B. 14 dollars. C. 10 dollars. D. 12 dollars.5. A. She is surprised at her mum’s coming back so soon.B. She thinks that she is too slow.C. She wants the man to be quick.D. She will go out herself.6. A. She used to be in poor health. B. She was popular among boys.C. She was somewhat overweight.D. She didn’t do well at high s chool.7. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.8. A. Teaching her son by herself.B. Having confidence in her son.C. Asking the teacher for extra help.D. Telling her son not to worry.9. A. Have a short break. B. Take two weeks off.C. Continue her work outdoors.D. Go on vacation with the man.10. A. He is taking care of his twin brother.B. He has been feeling ill all week.C. He is worried about Rod.D. He has been in perfect condition.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Lawyer. B. Computer programmer.C. Blogger.D. Firefighter.12. A. 21% of all the employers. B. 1% of American teenagers.C. 79% of all the employers.D. 1% of American adults.13. A. With many bloggers, America is sure to win her reputation in the world.B. Washington is the city which has most bloggers in America.C. There are fewer employees of newspapers than a few years ago.D. The topics of blogging cover almost every area of people’s daily life.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. In the Town Hall. B. In a community.C. In somebody’s house.D. In a stadium.15. A. The equal job, the equal pay.B. The best way of cooking and cleaning.C. The women’s liberation movement.D. Women’s ability to be good leaders.16. A. Women’s responsibility of child raising.B. Women’s a bility to do anything important.C. Not only concrete issues but also attitude and beliefs.D. How to take jobs and help others.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; forthe other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Exploration of the PolesThe North Pole and South Pole are at the top and bottom of the Earth, (25)_______________you won’t find an actual pole to mark the place. The poles are the northernmost and southernmost points on the planet. The poles are the most unfriendly environments on Earth.In the early 1900s, explorers competed to become the first (26)_______________ ( reach ) the South Pole. From 1901 to 1904, British naval officer Robert Scott made the first attempt. Scott got (27)_______________ ( far ) south than anyone had been before, but he failed to reach the pole.In 1909, Ernest Shackleton of Britain led anexpedition across Antarctica on sleds pulled by dogs. They were only about 100 miles (about 160 kilometers) from the South Pole (28)_______________ a shortage of food forced them to turn back.Scott finally reached the South Pole in January 1912. But (29)_______________ ( disappoint ) Scott found that Roald Amundsen had beaten him by one month. Amundsen’s expedition arrived at the pole in December 1911. Amundsen was (30)_______________ experienced Arctic explorer, and he had made careful preparations. Scott and his companions died of injury, cold, and hunger on their return from the pole.In 1914, Shackleton (31)_______________ ( plan ) another expedition to the South Pole. But his ship was crushed by ice, and he had to cross 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) of freezingsea in a tiny boat to survive. Shackleton then returned to save his strandedmen. It was one of the greatest rescue feats in history.In 1929, Arctic explorer Richard Byrd became the first person who flew over the South Pole. Byrd later pioneered the idea of(32)_______________ ( set )up permanent stations for scientific research in Antarctica.A station called the Amundsen-Scott Base has stood at the South Pole since 1977.( B )Teaching in front of a camera Wageningen University is keen on developing forms of education that reach people all over the world. The basics of the course topics are covered in short films and three-minute to seven-minute presentations (33)_______________ ( use ) techniques such as animationand voiceover ( 画外音).The online Master’s programmes are quite different from the large-scale MOOCs (在线课程), explains Busstra. In the Master’s courses, the short “knowledge clips” ( 短片) dealing with the essential topics(34)_______________ ( link ) to an assignment directly to help the students actively absorbthe knowledge themselves. Teachers can also use them to test (35)_______________ the material has come across well. Busstra says: “ The teacher has to think up new ways of working---getting students to make a film clip, for instance,(36)______________________________ they present a research setup they have thought up themselves, or to respond to someone else’s idea, or to work on a document in groups.” The students also get the chance to post a question while they are watching an online film---equivalent ofputting your hand up during a lecture. Fellow students and teachers can then answer the question online. “ There are a lot of misunderstandings about online education, ” says Busstra, “ one of them being (37)_______________ there is only one way communication. (38)_______________people are gradually gaining confidence in it. It will stay typically Wageningen: small-scale and based on interaction and group work.”The investment (39)_______________ online learning is paying off in the regular education programme too, according to Busstra. Students in Wageningen can pick up the basics at home through the knowledge clips. During lectures, teachers(40)_______________ then provide more in-depth analysis, talk about their own work and supervise students more personally. “Increasingly, on-campus and onlineeducation will no longer be two separate worlds,” expects Busstra.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are familiar with pop culture, but what is peep culture? In pop culture, we turn on the TV and watch our favouritecelebrities __41__ us with their performances. In peep culture, we turn on the computer, we move through people’s lives on reality TV, blogs, Face book and You Tube. Instead of getting our entertainment from scripted performances, we get our entertainment from peeping into other people’s lives. It can be frie nds and family. But it’s just likely to be people we havenever met from around the world. Suddenly, we spend all of our time __42__ other people. And we also invite them to watch us! People __43__ themselves to get attention and to feel like they are part of a community. In peep culture, ordinary people are turned into celebrities.This has never happened before, turning the spotlight on __44__regular people. There aren’t secrets anymore. The notion of private life has changed.As society has become __45__ fast-paced, most of us are really unaware of these changes in our lives. We are moving into a time when our __46__ personality is going to be more important than our actual physical __47__. What we have online is going to be more important than what we do offline. We are now socially judged by our virtual profiles.In the age of “ peep culture, ” a tell-all,show-all, know-all digital phenomenon is __48__ changing notions of privacy, individuality, security, and even humanity. Susan Boyle became a(n) __49__ celebrity because of peep culture. The entire world was staring at her after her __50__ from a resident of a small Scottish town to a global celebrity. We like the story because she’s like a movie,but she’s real.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New research offers fresh insight on when to launch a product or service, and shows that being first to market isn’t always a competitive advantage.In 2004, David Cohen had an idea for a social network for mobile phones that would connect users in the real world. His company, called iContact, launched a beta version ( 测试版), and seemed ready to tap the muchpublicized mobile software market. Cohen, then 36, had already founded a successful software company. __51__, after 18 months, he was unable to get phone carriersto distribute his software, and he closed the company.Bets on mobil e applications didn’t begin to __52__ until Apple’s iPhone app storeopened the market in 2008.Conventional __53__ says being first to market creates a competitive advantage. Reality is more complicated. Market opportunities are __54__ opening and closing, and a hit idea at one point could be a failure a year earlier or a yawning “ me too ” businessa year later. It’s tough---likely __55__ ---to identify the best moment to enter a market, but common sense dictates new entrepreneurs ( 创业人) can improve their odds ( 机会) if they __56__ how much they bearto gain or lose by waiting.New academic research suggests one way entrepreneurs can __57__whether they should enter a market first or wait on the sidelines. The decision depends on how hostile ( 不利的) the learning environment is; __58__, how much entrepreneurs can learn by observing other players before they __59__, compared to what they learn from participating after they enter, according to Moren Levesque, an entrepreneurship researcher at the University of Waterloo. Levesque, along with professors Maria Minniti of Southern Methodist University and Dean Shepherd of Indiana University, used amathematical __60__ to weigh the risks and benefits of entering the market early. Their research is among the first to explore “ how different learning environments may influence the entry behavior of entrepreneurs.”The key tothe academics’ findings on timing is this: In a hostile learning environment, entrepreneurs gain relatively __61__ benefit by watching others. For example, if the relevant knowledge is __62__intellectual property, studying the market before entering wouldn’t yield much advantage. In these situations, the trade-off ( 权衡利弊) __63__ entering early. But in less hostile learning environments, where entrepreneurs gain valuable information __64__to increase their success just by watching other companies, companies benefit from waiting and learning lessons from earlier players. IContact’s successors, for example, may have learnedfrom watching the company’s t rouble in getting mobile networks to distribute their software, a barrier that was __65__ by the iPhone’s app store.51. A. Otherwise B. MoreoverC.HoweverD. Therefore52. A. pay in B. pay back C. pay forD. pay off53. A. custom B. wisdom C. habitD. experience54. A. completely B. confusingly C. constantly D. increasingly55. A. impossible B. possible C. potential D. manageable56. A. imagine B. interpret C. weighD. measure57. A. value B. evaluate C. ensureD. convince58. A. after all B. as a result C.inother words D.in addition59. A. launch B. campaign C. strikeD. function60. A. version B. pattern C. example D. model61. A. few B. many C. littleD. much62. A. provided B. protected C. sharedD. improved63. A. favors B. dislikes C. opposesD. concerns64. A. unlikely B. likely C. unbelievable D. questionable65. A. lowered B. created C. resolvedD. removedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger (触发) hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. Over the course of a week or so, the plantfeeds on its catch.The Venus’ flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous ( 食肉的) Plant Society’s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: “attract, kill, digest, and absorb”some form of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants---well, most of the time.All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis (光合作用). Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen (氮). Nitrogen is a nutrientthat they can’t obtain any other way. While almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil,“ meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.66. According to the passage, carnivorous plants ___________.A. only grow in wild fieldB. are rare to seeC. are as common as fliesD. cannot grow on Antarctica67. Venus’ flytrap preys on insects by___________.A. its numerous long and thin stalksB. a container where it growsC. its insect-catching leavesD. the lining of tiny trigger hairs68. We can conclude from the third paragraph that ___________.A. carnivorous plants are dangerousB. carnivorous plants are fictionalC. carnivorous plants occasionally eat booksD. carnivorous plants are harmless to humans69. In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil.B. Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil.C. Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects.D. Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil( B )“ Asia’s Challenge 2020 ” Essay Prize DESCRIPTIONWhat is the most important challenge facing Asia over the next decade? Why? What should be done about it?The best answer in 3,000 words or less will win a prize of $2,500. Two runners-up will be awarded prizes of $1,000 each. These three prize winners will be invited to Singapore for an expenses-paid awards ceremony. The winning articles will be posted on Time. com. PURPOSEThe main purpose of the essay prize is to generate fresh ideas for tackling keychallenges to Asia’s continued competitiveness and development, as well as encourage young professionals to make an impact on public policy and business in Asia.SELECTION CRITERIAThe essay will be judged according to creativity, innovation, rigor of research and writing, as well as achievability of idea. It can be focused on one or more areas relevant to Asia, such as macro-economics, business, international relations, trade and investment, education, healthcare, urban development, science and technology, and energy and the environment. The essay must be written in English. It should not have been previously published in English in a publication with broad international circulation. CANDIDATE REQUIREMENTSThe candidate authoring the essay must be under 32 years of age as of December 31, 2010.The candidate must be an Asian national. SUBMISSIONREQUIREMENTSThe essay should be submitted electronically to prize@ asiabusinesscouncil. Org. by August 31, 2010. Prize winners will be announced in September 2010.The submission should contain the candidate’s full name, nationality, and month and year of birth. The essay should include a title and word count.70. What is the main purpose of the essay prize?A. To select young professionals of both ability and imagination.B. To predict the prospects of Asia in the next decade.C. To issue the challenges facing Asia.D. To inspire brilliant ideas for solving problems in Asia.71. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The winners of the essay prize can travel to Singapore for free.B. Articles published in local newspapers will not be accepted.C.Young people from Russia or Australiaare excluded from the essay prize.D. The candidate’s article can deal withseveral aspects of developments inAsia.72. The candidate’s article should be sent ___________.A. by air mailB. by e-mailC. by surface mailD. by express mail( C )According to Nielsen, the average number of mobile phone calls we make is dropping every year, after hitting a peak in 2007. And our calls are getting shorter: In 2005 theyaveraged three minutes in length; now they’re almost half that.We are moving, in other words, toward a fascinating cultural transition: the death of the telephone call. This shift is particularlyplainamong the young. Some college students I know go days without talking into their smartphones at all.This generation doesn’t make phone calls, because everyone is in constant, lightweight contact in so many other ways: texting, chatting, and social-network messaging. And we don’t just have more options than we used to. We have better ones: These new forms of communication have exposed the fact that the voice call is badly designed. It deserves to die. Consider: If I suddenly decide I want to dial you up, I have no way of knowing whether you’re busy, and you have no idea why I’m calling.We have to open Schrödinger’s box every time, having a conversation to figure out whether it’s OK to have a conversation. Plus, voice calls are emotionally high-bandwidth, which is why it’s so weirdly exhausting to be interrupted by one. ( We apparently find voicemail even more torturous: Studies show that more than a fifth of all voice messages are never listened to. )The telephone, in other words, doesn’t provide any information about status, so we are constantly interrupting one another. The other tools at our disposal are more polite. Instant messaging lets us detect whether our friends are busy without our annoying them, and texting lets us ping one another but not at the same time. ( Plus, we can spend more time thinking about what we want to say. ) Despite the hue and cry about becoming an “ always on ” society, we’re actually moving away fromthe demand that everyone should be available immediately.We’ll still make fewer phone calls, as most of our former phone time will migrate to other media. But the calls we do make will be longer, reserved for the sort of deep discussion that the medium does best.As video chatting becomes more common, enabled by the new iPhone and other devices, we might see the growth of persistent telepresence, leaving video-chat open all day so we can speak to a spouse or colleague spontaneously. Or, to put it another way, we’ll call less but talk more.73. The writer of the text thinks that what is happening with mobile phone calls is ________.A. an unexpected occurrenceB. a strange but very predictable factC. an interesting social phenomenonD. negative for social interaction74. In paragraph 3, the writer’s attitude towards phone voice calls is __________. A. doubtful B. concerned C. positiveD. negative75. The phrase “ hue and cry ” in paragraph5 means __________.A. appealB. protestC. claimD. argument76. What does the writer think will happen to voice calls in the future?A. They will only be used in emergencies.B. They will continue to get more expensive.C. They will only be used between family members.D. They will be used mainly for intimate and detailed discussions.77. What is the best title of the passage?A. Video ChattingB. Talkinginto SmartphonesC. The Death of the Phone CallD. Mobile Phone callsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts, many other Americans will go without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12 million households lack enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year---including holidays.Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country---one of the world’s wealthiest---yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one-quarter of our total supply.Reducing this improper distribution of resources is a goal of America’s Second Harvest, the nation’s largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year, it distributed nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need. America’s Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations that gather food from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants. In turn, the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup kitchens,homeless shelters and old people’s centers in every county of every state.A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of donors to thousands of small, nonprofit organizations. Until a few years ago, America’s Second Harvest lacked any effective way to manage their inventory ( 存货). Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to spoil in loading places.In 2000, America’s Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system---Ceres. It is software designed specifically for hunger-relief operations. It is used by more than 100 America’s Second Harvest organizations to track food from donation to distribution.Ceres has helped reduce the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined( 提高效率 )food banks’ operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves time, frees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and promises moreefficient use of donations.Hunger in America remains a troubling social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as America’s Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference---and helping more Americans to join in the feast.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78.What is the total supply of food in America every year according to the passage ?_____________________________________ ________________________.79.By “ this improper distribution of resources ”in Paragraph 3, the writer means that many Americans____________________________food while others ____________________________ food.80.What problem was America’s Second Harvest faced with in distributing food before Ceres was created?_____________________________________ ________________________.81.Thanks to _____________________________________ _______________ provided by Ceres, more staff are freed to be committed to finding new donors and America’s Second Harvest is able to give out food more efficiently.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.有可能防止金融危机将来再次发生吗？( possible )2.除非采取紧急措施，否则我们的计划将泡汤。
上海市静安区2016届高三第一学期12月练习英语试卷
上海2015-2016第一学期静安区高三英语练习卷第I卷（共103分）Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 20 pounds. B. 60 pounds. C. 30 pounds. D. 40 pounds.2. A. At 7:10. B. At 8:00. C. At 7:50. D. At 7:30.3. A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A lawyer. D. A friend.4. A. Because there was a heavy traffic.B. Because he has been somewhere else.C. Because he was caught by the police.D. Because he doesn’t like going to school.5. A. Looking for a timetable. B. Buying some furniture.C. Reserving a table.D. Window shopping.6. A. Henry doesn’t like the color. B. Someone else painted the house.C. There was no ladder in the house.D. Henry painted the house himself.7. A. She doesn’t spend much time with her friends.B. She doesn’t like her new school.C. She has adapted easily to her new school.D. She spends most of her free time at school.8. A. Jim is very interesting. B. Jim hasn’t found anything.C. Jim has got a new job.D. Jim is very lazy.9. A. They are disappointed in the recent changes.B. They are delighted at the taste of the Italian food.C. They are not happy with the price.D. They are satisfied with the chef newly employed.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They would prepare more food and drinks.C. There was too much food at the previous meeting.D. The family members always eat a lot.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In a library. B. In a classroom.C. In a laboratory.D. In a computer room.12. A. Reading and writing. B. Grammar and computer.C. Listening and speaking.D. Pronunciation and self-study.13. A. A book review. B. A classroom rule.C. A visit plan.D. A weekly timetable.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In fall. D. In winter.15. A. Confusing. B. Innovative. C. Amusing. D. Wasteful.16. A. To standardize daylight savings time.B. To establish year-round daylight savings time.C. To end daylight savings time.D. To shorten daylight savings time.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One of my favourite moments as a physician occurs when, with a very somber look, I inform patients that there’s one thing they absolutely(25) _______ do in order to make a successful recovery after a cardiac event: Go home and laugh until they cry.You see, we now know that there’s far more to maintaining heart health and reversing heart disease (26) _______ diet, exercise, and cholesterol level. The latest research indicates that stress, and an inability (27) __________(deal with)it, is a direct contributor to heart disease. For example, a study involving nearly 250,000 people found that anxiety (28) _________ (associate) with a 26 percent increase in coronary heart disease over an 11-year period.Anger and hostility rank at the top of the list of heart-harmful emotions. Harvard Medical School researchers recently found that 40 percent of patients (29)________suffered a heart attack reported significant anger within the previous year, and roughly 8 percent of that group reported that they felt rage within two hours of heart attack symptoms.But(30)________studies reveal a great deal about the harm that negative emotions deliver to the heart, they also clearly demonstrate the amazing healing power of positive emotions. In my 25 years as a cardiologist (31) _______(perform) clinical trials and treating patients, I’ve seen firsthand (32) ________ we can harness optimism, confidence, laughter, social connections, and relaxation to help our hearts get and stay healthy.(B)Why Finnish Babies Don’t Sleep in Cribs.For expectant parents in Finland, their “bundle of joy” isn’t just the baby. Since 1938, new mothers and fathers have received a cardboard box, often (33) _______(use) as the baby’s first crib, filled with a small mattress, blankets, infant clothes, outerwear, toiletries, and more.The Finnish government supplies the boxes, (34) _______(say)the gift encourages good parenting habits and aims to give all the children (35) _______ equal start.Some experts think that the start kit has even helped Finland achieve one of the world’s (36) _______(low) infant-mortality rates.Before the tradition began, when many Finnish babies slept in their parents’beds, 65 out of 1,000 babies died each year. (37) _______ the introduction of the box—and the custom of having babies sleep separately from their parents—Finland’s infant-mortality rate has plummeted to only 3.4 deaths of for every 1,000 babies.Over the years, the box’s contents (38) _________(often reflect) historical trends. Until 1957, the kids contained plain fabric that mothers would use to sew the baby’s clothes. Stretchy fabrics appeared in the 1960s; disposable diapers debuted in 1969. As more women began careers in the 1970s, the layette came in easy-to-clean stretch cotton. In 2006, cloth diapers reappeared for environmental reasons, and bottles were removed to promote breast-feeding.“It’s easy to know when babies were born (39) _______ the box changes a little each year,”Titta Vayrynen, 35 and the mother of two young boys, told a reporter for the BBC. “It’s nice to compare clothesand think, That kid was born the same year as (40) _______.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.he next generation may lose the opportunity to swim over coral reefs (珊瑚礁) or eat certain species of fish, scientists have warned, as the world’s oceans move into a stage of widespread extinction because of human 41 such as overfishing and climate change.A report from an international group of marine experts said that t he condition of the world’s seas was worsening more quickly than had been 42 . The scientists, who gathered at Oxford University, warned that we would 43 the whole ecosystems, such as coral reefs in a generation. Already the number of fish is dropping, leading to risk of rising food prices and even starvation in some parts of the world.The experts 44 the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for pushing up ocean temperature, the increased algae (海藻) concentration in the water, which made the water have less oxygen. The conditions are 45 to every previous mass extinction event in the Earth’s history.Dr Alex Rogers, scientific director of the International Programme on the State of the Ocean said the next generation would suffer if species are allowed to go 46 . “As we considered the cumulative (积累的) effect of what humankind had done to the ocean were far worse than we had ___47___ realized,” he said. “This is a very serious situation 48quick and effective action at every level. We are looking at 49 for humankind that will influence in our lifetime and, worse, our children’s and generations beyond that.”The marine scientists called for a range of urgent 50 to cut carbon emissions (排放), reduce overfishing, create protected areas in the seas and cut pollution.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if theywere asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabledwoman. In another _ 51_ , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his _ 52_ ;sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to _53 _ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In _54_ these and other research findings, two themes are _55_ : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 56 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. _57_ , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. Theapplication was ready to be _58_, but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the applicationwas sometimes that of a very _59 _ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to_ 60_ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of _ 61_ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) _62_ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone _63 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for _64_ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be _65_ rather than drunk.51. A. study B. way C. word D. college52. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back53. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive54. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing55. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing56. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept57. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example58. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed59. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working60. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down61. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact62. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange63. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances64. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health65. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)It’s not easy being a teenager – nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clamup. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for his should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.66. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ______.A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up67. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help68. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager ______.A. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone with friendsD. to answer the phone quickly69. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.B. Give him advice only when necessary.C. Let him have his own telephone.D. Not talk about personal things with him.BTroubled by the poor performance of their investments, many people are taking steps to stop decrease of their savings and rethink their financial plans. They are not sure what to do to maximize returns in light of stock market fluctuations, new tax laws, low interest rates and skyrocketing real estate values. “People are afraid of making a mistake and losing more money,"” says financial counselor Denise Hughes. "The do-it-yourself investor of the 1990s is more comfortable now doing nothing." But doing nothing isn't better than doing something smart, especially as college, weddings and retirement loom. Here's what financial advisors are recommending to their clients:Plan for financial aidMost parents don't save nearly enough for children's education. They assume that investing in a 529 college plan is the best place for your savings. While a 529 plan offers tax-free growth and withdrawals for college costs, colleges look at these savings when evaluating their qualification and how much they will hand over. Do save aggressively for college in a taxable account in your name if your household income is below $ 100,000. In this case, your child will likely qualify for some financial aid. Do invest in a 529 savings plan if your income is higher than $100,000 and will likely remain at or above that level when your child enters college. In this case, the 529 plan is great because you probably won't qualify for financial aidanyway.Expect ups and downsAnnoyed by three straight years of stock market declines, many people have been shifting to lower-risk investments. But just as taking too much risk can hurt your portfolio's(投资组合) growth rate, so can hiding out in excessive safe investments paying 1% or less.Do consider investing in funds that you'll hold on to for more than a year. Under the new tax law, long-term capital gains are taxed at a maximum of 15%, down from 20%. Do look at stock funds that pay dividends (红利). Dividends on stocks used to be taxed at your personal income tax rate. Under the new law, they are now taxed at no more than 15%. Investing in these funds will not only hold down taxes but also sustain your portfolio's value in tough times.Forget high feesOver the next ten years, achieving the kind of double-digit returns we experienced over the past 20 years will be much harder. In the 1990s, the average rate of return for a portfolio allocated (配给) 60% to stocks and 40% to bonds was 13.2% after taxes and transaction expenses. Over the coming decade, this rate is expected to be closer to 5.5%. Don't pay unnecessarily high investment costs and fees. For example, if you can save half a percentage point on your fund expense ratio（the fee that funds charge you each year to manage your money）, your average investment return could be 6% instead of 5%.70. Which of the following is NOT true about the investors of the 1990s？A. They might need professional help.B. They live a comfortable life now with nothing to do.C. They are afraid of making wrong decisions and losing money.D. They are trying to protect what they make and save rather than taking risks.71. According to the passage, a 529 savings account ______.A. is the best choice for low-income familiesB. offers tax-free growth and withdrawalsC. works best for those who are not qualified for financial aidD. should start in your child's name72. According to the expert, which of the following can help your portfolio's return rate to grow?A. Allocating 40% of your portfolio to stocks and 60% to bonds.B. Hiding out in ultra-safe investments paying 1% or less.C. Investing long term in funds that pay dividends.D. Making high-risk and high-return investments.73. On average, according to the experts, how much can you expect of an investment return in the near future?A. Below 1%.B. About 6%.C. Above 8%.D. Close to 13.2%.CWhat are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find it a strange question. Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning and depth to life. They exist without serving any other purposes. On the other hand,many evolutionary biologists acknowledge some emotions primarily for their survival function. For both animals and humans, fear motivates the avoidance of danger, love is necessary to care for the young, and anger prepares one to hold ground. But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that. Other scientists have regarded the same behavior as conditioning and learned responses. Certainly reflexes(反射) and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought. A baby seagull pecks(啄) at a red spot on the bill(喙) of its parent. The seagull parent feeds its baby when pecked on the bill and the baby gets fed. The interaction need have no emotional content.At the same time, there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content. In mammals that have given birth including humans, milk is often released automatically when a new baby cries. This is not under intended control but it is reflex. Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love. Humans have feelings about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive. Yet since reflexes exist and conditioned behavior is widespread, measurable, and observable, most scientists try to explain animal behavior by using only these concepts. It is simpler.Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science's methods most easily, scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones. Scientific orthodoxy (正统) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot exist, or is unworthy of serious attention. But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable. They are just more difficult for the scientific method to check on in the usual ways, so cleverer and more skillful approaches are called for. Most branches of science are more willing to make successive evaluation of what may prove ultimately unknowable, rather than ignoring it altogether.74. The example of the baby seagull pecking the parent’s bill is used to support that ______.A. it is an inborn ability for adults to look after the youngB. behaviors can be learned and involve no emotionsC. emotions are of great importance for survivalD. it takes time for animals to be conditioned75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Breast-feeding a baby is conditioned or reflective but have no emotional connection.B. Reflexes and conditioning will lead to a better understanding of animal emotions.C. Scientists usually apply reflexes and conditioning in explaining animal behaviors.D. Many evolutionary biologists believe that emotions are to some degree for survival.76. To study animal emotions, scientists should ______.A. analyze human emotionsB. distinguish what is emotionalC. set up improved experimentsD. learn from animal behaviorists77. What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage?A. To illustrate that emotions are worth our attention.B. To compare human emotions with animal emotions.C. To discuss the importance and usefulness of emotions.D. To explain what reflexive and conditioned behaviors are.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.“In Scotland, illness treatment is considered urgent; in Canada, it's considered inevitable. However in America, it is resource-consuming.”Though the remarks seem like jokes, real data support the point. Medicare statistics, for example, reveal that we Americans lead the world in the amount of medical services used during the last six months of a person's life. Senior citizens here are big consumers of healthcare, using ambulances three times as often as seniors elsewhere. Commercial insurance data point to similar patterns in the healthcare of the younger population too, a ground few would argue against.What explains such a phemonemon? There is plenty of blame to go around. Both physicians and patients have referred to a "more is better" approach that adds cost without necessarily leading to better outcomes.In the past, doctors in fee-for-service systems have been suspected of doing too much testing to generate more income. Now new networks track doctors' treating record in the hope to discourage unnecessary testing. Patients, on the other hand, are worried about denial of services. Doctors can find themselves caught in a bind between anxious and worrying patients and insurance networks that dismiss doctors with inefficient practice patterns.Upset factors, such as malpractice concerns and falling fees, among which the worsening doctor-patient relationship tops the ranking list—are contributing to the nation's increasing shortage of primary-care doctors.Is there a better way to do this, without limiting a patient's choice or lowering the quality of healthcare?One solution is that we can introduce care organizations, which have the goal of improving both patients' health outcomes and the efficient use of resources. Like an HMO, this new kind of care organization involves networks of doctors, hospitals and patients. By carefully balancing care among doctors computerized medical records to identify the appropriate use of services, it encourages preventive care and measure quality.Given the obvious benefits during its pilot time, we are also encouraged to look at the program called Choosing Wisely. The program is aimed at encouraging both physicians and patients, with the help of professional model, to carefully consider the wisdom of medical procedures. In most cases, useless procedures are not only wasting money, but also subjecting patients to additional risk without the potential to improve their health.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Commercial insurance data are mentioned in the first paragraph to show that ______.79. Patients’ ______ attitude towards medical care caused today’s overtreatment.80. What is the leading reason for the lack of primary-care doctors?81. What are the two methods to fight the overtreatment problem?第II卷（共47分）I. Translation (22 分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 现在人们越来越关注青少年的心理健康。
2016年高考试题(英语)上海卷含答案
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she”in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions domake a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Ear th’s changingatmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Somecountries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the ParisAgreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just nowhow much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initialParis promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities underwater and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targetsevery five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) anddrive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.℃℃could save them from sinking.℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40%of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.℃℃C. 2℃℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Comm ittee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and cond itions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know p eople worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come backand bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies wil l use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal in formation have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016上海高考英语一模翻译汇总(附答案,共17套)
2.自苹果6问世以来，就再没有其他手机对我更有吸引力了。(appeal)
3.人又的老龄化问题十分严峻，成了全球各国政府都头疼不已的问题。（so…that…）
4.从顾客的肢体语言，这个售货员就能知道他想买什么，这让那位顾客十分惊讶。(amaze)
5.沿外滩一路缓步走来，你可以欣赏到从19世纪到21世纪的各种不同风格的欧式建筑。
看到照中这位亲不顾在倾盆中为他的孩撑伞民们netizens尽管各国已做出不懈的努但还需要采取更有效的措施来应对益严重的环境问题
!2015-2016学年（2016一模卷）高三英语一模翻译汇编（17套）(答案分离版）
One【虹又区】 I. Translation. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
!5. 尽管前途未卜，为了不让人生留有遗憾，他习惯尽力做好每一件事。（Despite） ! ! ! !Eight【静安区】 !1.有可能防止金融危机将来再次发生吗？(possible) !2.除非采取紧急措施，否则我们的计划将泡汤。(spoil) !3.整个团队只有互相配合才能按时完成这项任务。（Only） !4.据报道上海迪斯尼乐园的面积将是香港迪斯尼的四倍。（report v.） ! 5.有所得就有所失，我们要意识到这一点。(while) ! ! ! !Nine【崇明县】
习。(after)
4. 一些慈善机构往往将眼光放在如何让受助对象脱贫上，而忽略了受助者的心理需求。
(how)
5. 新郎新娘们很少意识到真正令人难忘的是新人间的浓浓的爱意，而非豪华的婚纱，或
上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷
上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use oneword that best fits each blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow downa slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche1. (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.Avalanches 2. be caused by natural things. For e某ample, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For e某ample, snowmobiles, skiers, and e某plosives 3. (know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches? usually occur? during the? winter? and spring, 4. snowfall? is? greatest.? As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs e某ist thatallow e某perts to predict -- and often prevent -- avalanches from 5.(occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, e某perts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. E某plosives can be used in places 6. massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t？ pose a danger to persons or property.When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. 7. it’s? possibleto dig out? of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself 8. (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging 9. farther under the snow rather than to the top!E某perts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around? you 10. (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.二、完形填空In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is CrucialWith consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product?1.A.nervousB.honestC.carefulD.particular2.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.However3.A.reviewsB.reactionsC.e某periencesD.instructions4.A.weightB.risksC.warningsD.burdens5.A.relationshipB.influenceC.gapD.e某tension6.A.refuseB.hesitateC.desireD.claim7.A.advancedB.perfectC.remarkableD.unique8.A.considerB.offerC.selectD.e某ercise9.A.efficientB.profitableC.humanD.responsible10.A.associated withB.mistaken byC.praised asD.criticized for11.A.On the contraryB.In factC.By contrastD.In a word12.A.cooperationBplaintC.interactionD.appointment13.A.safetyB.loyaltyC.convenienceD.employment14.A.moneyB.choiceC.habitD.voice15.A.dialogueB.debateCpetitionD.contract三、阅读理解The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. Nolonger are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves arefull of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number ofinternet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Re某 and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Ma 某. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.1.Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.B.Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C.Pets are increasingly making their owners less an某ious.D.Pet foods are more various and customized than before.2.Which of th e following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”A.The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B.Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C.Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.3.Which of the following statements is the author mostlikely to agree with?A.Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B.Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C.Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D.Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Changing Roles of AnimalsB.The Urge for Pet-keepingC.Who Owns WhomD.Love Me, Love My DogDepression hurts, Prozac can helpDepression isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depressio n. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that onething that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin -- a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hardto concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression -- especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like to much to handle.To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe （开处方）most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill”. It’s not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）. It won’t turn you into a different person.Some people do e某perience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, an某iety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash（皮疹）, tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking.Some people should not take Prozac, especially people an MAO inhibitors（单胺抑制剂）.As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you -- or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.1.All the following are true EXCEPT ____.A.It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.B.Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.D.Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.2.What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?A.Prozac is a newly developed drug to treat depression.B.patients who take Prozac can e某perience severe side a effects.C.A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.D.Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.3.This piece of information is most probably ____.A.an introduction to a scientific projectB.a part of prescription drug instructionsC.a part of a research report in a medical journalD.an advertisement of a medicine for depressionLearning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the e某act ageat which your chances of reading fluency in a second language seems to plummet: 10.Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Childre n’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”1.The wor d “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaningto “____”.A.plungeB.riseC.endD.vary2.What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?B.Children are too young to grasp a second language.D.Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.3.What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native - level fluency in a second language?A.Adults are less influenced by their mother tonguesB.Adults are only too willing to e某perience something awkward in the process.D.Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.4.The passage is mainly about____.A.the approaches to learning a second languageB.the best age to learn a second language.C.why kids learn a second language more easily than adultsD.whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves四、六选四Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the bo某. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Search for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly”face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail（需要）the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.The blog past doesn’t share age or gender parameters（参数）. 4. Candidates who make it to the ne某t phase will getfull details on the project. “The secrecy,” Geomiq says, “is due to non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”B. It just asks people who want to license their face to submit a photo via email for？ the chance at $130,000.C. It is a once - in - a - while opportunity for the right person.D. They also serve a practical purpose.F. However, ideal candidates will be given the specifics of the project.五、概要写作Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do We Need Art in Our LivesNo one will be surprised to hear that the arts are underfire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent.If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For e某ample, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us howthe population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worded, because their art has given us much a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and it truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in thefuture an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form ofself-e某pression.六、汉译英Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.学而不思犹如食而不化。
静安区2016-2017高三一模英语
静安区2016-2017高三一模英语一、词汇题Choose the word that best completes the sentence:"The _____ of the concert was a famous violinist from Italy."A. headlinerB. audienceC. venueD. ensembleFind the word in the text that means the opposite of "include":"The package deal does not _____ taxes and gratuities."A. excludeB. containC. involveD. omit二、语法题Choose the sentence that is grammatically correct:A. If I had known earlier, I could have prepared better.B. Had I known earlier, I would have prepared better.C. If I know earlier, I would prepare better.D. If I had known earlier, I would prepare better.Identify the sentence that uses the correct tense:A. When I was a child, I go to the park every day.B. When I was a child, I went to the park every day.C. When I am a child, I go to the park every day.D. When I am a child, I went to the park every day.三、阅读理解题Read the following passage and answer the question:Passage:In recent years, the popularity of e-books has skyrocketed. Many people prefer reading on electronic devices due to their convenience and portability. However, some argue that reading from a screen can be harmful to the eyes and may affect concentration. Despite these concerns, the trend towards digital reading shows no signs of slowing down.Question:What is the main argument against e-books mentioned in the passage?A. They are not as convenient as physical books.B. They can be harmful to the eyes and affect concentration.C. They are not as popular as physical books.D. They are more expensive than physical books.Complete the summary of the following text:Text:The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, located off the coast of Australia. It is home to a diverse range of marine life, including many species of fish, turtles, and sharks. However, the reef is facing numerous threats, such as climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect this valuable ecological resource.Summary:The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, located off the coast of Australia. It is a habitat for diverse marine life. However, it faces numerous threats due to ____________, ____________, and ____________. Conservation efforts are being made to protect this important ecological resource.。
2016上海静安(青浦闸北)区一模试卷及答案
静安区2015学年第一学期期末教学质量调研九年级英语（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）2016.1考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) : (6分)A B C DE F G H1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A) Coins. B) Clocks. C) Signs. D) Stones.8. A) Once a day. B) Twice a week. C) Once a month. D) Twice a month.9. A) Cloudy. B) Rainy. C) Sunny. D) Windy.10. A) 10 yuan. B) 90 yuan. C) 100 yuan. D) 110 yuan.11. A) In the cinema. B) In the library.C) At the supermarket. D) At the post office.12. A) To speak to Mary. B) To leave a message.C) To see the manager. D) To call back.13. A) She’ll invite the man to dinner later. B) She has her own plans for dinner tonight.C) She doesn’t like to have dinner with him. D) She’ll have dinner with the man tonight.14.A) Tom failed to see the film that day. B) Tom bought two film tickets in all.C) Tom found the film boring. D) Tom missed part of the film.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)：(6分)15. Wang is called “the youngest hacker(黑客) in China” after giving a lecture in September.16. Wang began to play computer games because he hated writing computer programs.17. When Wang was a junior school student, he learned to write computer programs all by himself.18. Wang hacked an online shopping site, changed the price and bought a lot of things.19. Wang felt very pleased while he was doing something online against the laws.20. Wang attended the meeting in order to warn people of the Internet risks (危险).D.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences (听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词)：(10分)Living on a student budget (预算)21. Lisa is twenty-one, a student at a ________ ________ in Chicago.22. At the start of ________ ________, Lisa’s parents pay the tuition (学费) for her.23. Lisa works about ________ ________ a week to earn about $330 after taxes (税).24. Kim doesn’t think that Lisa has much money left ________ ________.25. To save money, Lisa _______ ________ her roommates instead of going to restaurants.Part 2 Phonetics,Vocabulary and Grammar（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）II.Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) : (共20分)26. Sam was found innocent in the case and was finally set free. Which of the following is correctin pronunciation for the underlined word?A) /k s/ B) /k s/ C) /k s/ D) /k s/27. ______ young man living next door wants to be a detective in the future.A) A B) An C) The D) /28. The story of A Wooden Horse attracts the kids a lot and keeps ______ excited for hours.A) they B) them C) theirs D) themselves29. I got six presents at Christmas. Two were from my parents, and ______ four from my friends.A) others B) the others C) other D) the other30. The little boy wants to know which animals come out for food only ______ night.A) for B) at C) on D) in31. The two sisters planned to borrow some money ______ their friends to start online business.A) with B) to C) by D) from32. Most of Frank’s books, usually with ______ pictures in each book, are for young children.A) hundred B) hundreds C) hundred of D) hundreds of33. The students ran to the playground as ______ as they could to cheer for their favorite team.A) fast B) faster C) fastest D) the fastest34. Julia looked very ______ when she finished her performance and said thanks to the audience.A) happily B) quietly C) lovely D) seriously35. This pet shop is losing its customers ______ its staff work slowly and often make mistakes.A) so B) because C) until D) although36. You will surely realize your dream of being a scientist ______ you give it up halfway.A) though B) if C) unless D) since37. One ______ easily lose his way when he visits or comes to a new place.A) may B) must C) need D) should38. You’d better ______ ask old granny for help because her memory is getting poorer now.A) not B) don’t C) not to D) to not39. Sam denied ______ computer games for hours in the net bar yesterday afternoon.A) to play B) playing C) play D) played40. The Korean girl can speak Chinese without difficulty because she ______ in China for years.A) stay B) will stay C) has stayed D) stayed41. The Greens ______ the welcome party already before Henry came to talk about it.A) has arranged B) would arrange C)were arranging D)had arranged42. – ______ are you able to type the English words?– About forty to fifty words a minute.A) How often B) How long C) How fast D) How far43. Let’s bring our friends confidence and hopes when they are in trouble, ______?A)do you B)shall we C) will you D)do we44. – I won a big prize, an iPad mini2, in our school talent show this year.– ______A) Congratulations! B) You are welcome! C) Best wishes! D) Not at all!45. – We should be more independent in order to meet the needs of our modern life.– ______A) It’s a pleasure. B) What a pity! C) I think so, too. D) The same to you.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
高三英语-2016届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题 答案
2016届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题参考答案一、听力1-5 ABBCA 6-10 ACACB 11-15 ABCCB 16-20 AABBC二、单项选择21-25 DBCDB 26-30 CCBBC 31-35 CCDDC三、完型填空36-40 ACBDC 41-45 DBDCA 46-50 BDCAD 51-55 BCBAD四、阅读理解56-58 DAB 59-62 BDCD63-66 ACBD 67-70 BCCD五、任务型阅读1.Introduction2. depend/ rely/count3. combine4. influencing/impacting5. approaches6. attention/ minds7. apply8. whether9. actively 10. involved六、书面表达When surfing the Internet, I came across a list of ordinary people who moved China,I was especially touched by an old lady from Zhoukou, Henan Province. The old lady and her husband are homeless, wandering in Shenzhen. Every evening, she sits near Shenzhen University, selling her paintings. When hungry, she just eats some dry food. Usually she can only finish two paintings a night, for either of which she charges 10 yuan. Tough as life is , the old lady has her pride and refuses to beg money from others.The old lady’s optimistic attitude towards life has left a deep impression on me. In addition, She would rather make a living by working hard than be a beggar. Her story puts me to shame, for I always complain about everything and has a habit of depending on others.I have learned the spirit of independence from the old lady. Besides, when faced with difficulties, I will choose never to give up and make the greatest efforts.听力读稿Text 1W: What is that you are listening? It is too noisy. I can’t concentrate on my work.M: No problem. I can switch over to something lighter.Text 2W: Oh, Professor Jackson, I was wondering… but uh… well, if uh… if you had a chance yet to uh… look at my thesis proposal?M: Well, I know you gave it to me over a week ago, but to be honest, I have been swamped with(对……应接不暇) other things.Text 3W: I bought a recorder on sale. It was $50.M: Including tax?W: No, I paid another $2 in tax.Text 4W: Who took you to the tennis match yesterday afternoon?M: My friend Mark took me there.W: Who beat Sally in the match?M: Her brother beat her.Text 5M: Sue, you must have had a good time on your beach vacation.W: Yes, I really enjoyed myself. The weather was always nice and sunny. I went sunbathing every day.M: How was the food?W: Just marvelous. I’ve also been to some scenic spots and learned every legend behind the scene.M: Be my guide next time we go there together.W: My pleasure.Text 6W: Why is Jenny not here yet? We’re running late for Lily’s birthday party.M: Jenny is always on time. What’s delayed her this time?W: I hope she hasn’t had an accident. There was a car accident near my apartment the other day. A woman was seriously injured and two men were slightly injured.M: Don’t think like that. Accidents don’t happen all the time .W: Then why isn’t she here yet? She was supposed to be here fifteen minutes ago.M: Maybe she doesn’t know how to get here. Why not call her?W: Is her number 65743215?M: Oh, look! There she is. What’s in her hand? Is it a gift? She must have stopped for a gift and that’s why she is late.Text 7W: Can I help you?M: Yes, I need to apply for a parking permit.W: Are you a professor?M: What? Are you kidding? I’m only 22 years old!W: Yes, I am kidding. But don’t you know only professors and students with disabilities can apply for parking permits?M: Yes, I know. I have a disability. My hip was broken last year. And I can’t walk well.W: Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t know.M: It’s alright. You didn’t see me walk to the desk.W: Here is the application form. I also need to see your student ID and your permission letter from the university.M: Here you are.W: Thank you.Text 8M: Hi, Mary, how’s your new flat?W: It’s great. I really like it.M: How big is it?W: It’s one big room, and it has a bathroom and a small kitchen, too.M: How far is it from the office?W: It’s only about 10 minutes.M: 10 minutes by bus or by car?W: On foot. I walked to work this morning. I was 10 minutes early.M: You are lucky. I was 10 minutes late.W: What happened?M: All the buses came late.W: What did Lily say?M: She was late too.W: What happened to her?M: She took the train, and it was late, too.W: Well, then, you’re really lucky after all. But what are you going to do tomorrow?M: I’ll start out 15 minutes earlier.Text 9M: There never seems to be enough of me to go around. I wish there could be another me.W: What are you saying?M: I read an article. It said scientists created a clone sheep. I had a dream last night about someone cloning me. And I could do so many things. One of me went to work. The other stayed at home to clean the house and even cook dinner.W: It is strange to see you cooking dinner.M: Very funny! But back to the science topic, it is amazing to see science advance so rapidly.W: Now, they are studying how to copy human DNA. We may see two of you.M: You are right. But realistically, I like having only one of me. We already have a problemwith over-population. I don’t think we need to have two of everybody.W: I must say, it all sounds interesting. I can’t imagine what they will think of next.Text 10W: One-Day Course: Introduction to Complex SystemsDate: Sunday, October 6.Location: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Room to be announced.Sponsor: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & TechnologyCourse Description:A one-day course, Introduction to Complex Systems, will be offered on Sunday, October 6. This course will give an introduction to the opportunities that complex systems provide in research and in applications. Several approaches to the study of complex systems will be described, basic concepts will be introduced and implications for the study of biological, social and engineered systems will be discussed.Tuition: MIT students, faculty, and community attend free. Registration required. Space is limited.Outside of MIT;Student: $50;Faculty: $150;Corporate: $350.。
上海市各区2016届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案精准校对)(20200223154049)
One【2016届上海市虹口区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In job interviews, we’re often asked about our strengths and weaknesses. And, as a matter of fact, most of us know automatically how to respond.Common wisdom tells us to use faux weaknesses, which means things that are strengths described as negatives and turned into positives. You might even be able to change your weaknessinto a skill for a job you’re not fully qualified for.In America, in a championship game you are unlikely to see athletes showing weakness. Ifthe athletes become hurt in this game, they will hide their injuries —they don’t want their competitors to know their weak spots. But there is absolutely no need for us to act like this inbusiness affairs.At work and in business, you can have shortcomings because these can be overcome andturned into strengths. The only fatal thing is to not realize that all your weaknesses can be madestrong. Of course, to make up for shortcomings, you must first be aware of what your weaknessesreally are.Have you ever wondered what has happened when you interview for a job you’re fullyqualified for, but it goes to someone who doesn’tseem to be qualified at all? How would thatperson get the job when he had none of the qualifications listed in the job ad?That applicant figured out the business pain point that is seldom, if ever, mentioned in the jobad, and then how to address it. He didn’t talk about how he met each of the requirements on the job ad. He had none of the qualifications. He asked questions instead. He asked probing (探询的) questions to learn more about the business pain. By doing so, this less-qualified person soonlearned that the hiring managers needed something different from what was listed in the job ad.Not accepting the job ad as an unquestionable truth is the key. There is no reason to think thathiring managers actually know what they need when they write job ads. They may need someonecompletely different from what they describe. That is why you can get a job that you’re notqualified for.66. The underlined word “faux” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. incorrectB. illogicalC. falseD. imaginary67. What exactly does the author advise you to do when you are a weak candidate for a job?A. Don’t ask questions if you think you are a weak candidate.B. Ask questions about the job until you find you have something to offer.C. Don’t let your interviewer know your weaknesses but tell him your strengths.D. Ask questions according to the job description to see if you can be a qualified candidate.68. Why does the author think an applicant can get a job that he’s not qualified for?A. Because hiring managers may change their mind in the job interview.B. Because hiring managers may actually need someone who can ask questions.C. Because the applicant may not know that he actually has the required qualifications.D. Because hiring managers may not know what they actually need when writing the ad.69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. You can change you weaknesses into strengths in job interviews.B. Don’t expose your weaknesses but show your strengths in job interviews.C. Find out the business pain point not mentioned in the job ad in job interviews.D. Hiring managers usually don’t know what qualifications they really need.Keys: 66-69: CBDATwo【2016届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Rosalind Franklin always liked facts. She was logical and precise,and impatient with things that were otherwise. She decided to become ascientist when she was 15. She passed the examination for admission toCambridge University in 1938, and it sparked a family crisis. Althoughher family was well-to-do and had a tradition of public service and charity,her father disapproved of university education for women. He refused to pay. An aunt stepped inand said Franklin should go to school, and she would pay for it. Franklin’s mother also took her side until her father finally gave in.She was invited to King’s College in London to join a team of scientists. The leader ofthe team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student. Franklin’s assumption was that it was her own project. The laboratory’s second-in-command, Maurice Wilkins, was on vacation at the time, and when he returned, their relationship was puzzling. He assumed she was to assist his work; she assumed she’d be the only one working on DNA. They had powerful personality differences as well: Franklin direct, quick, decisive, and Wilkins shy, hesitant, and passive.In 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing, without Franklin’s permission, her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. Upon seeing the photograph, Watson said, “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race,” according to author Brenda Maddox who wrote the book Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.The two scientists did in fact use what they saw in Photo 51 as the basis for their famous model of DNA, which they published on March 7, 1953, and for which they received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding: they included a footnote acknowledging that they were “stimulated by a general knowledge”of Franklin’s and Wilkin’s unpublished contribution, when much of their work was rooted in Franklin’s photo and findings. Franklin didn’t know that these men based their article on her research, and she didn’t complain either, likely as a result of her upbringing. Franklin “didn’t do anything that would invite criticism… (that was) bred into her,” Maddox said.66. Wilkins’ relationship with Franklin was characterized by __________.A. unity and harmonyB. confusion and competitionC. cooperation and miscommunicationD. misunderstanding and conflict67. What does Watson mean by saying “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race”?A. He was confused that Crick had not made this discovery.B. He was surprised that Wilkins had discovered this information.C. He was satisfied with the importance of Photo 51.D. He was anxious about the progress Wilkins and Franklin had made.68. What is Brenda Maddox’s main intention according to the quote in the last paragraph?A. To re-evaluate the importance of the DNA model.B. To criticize King’s College and Cambridge.C. To emphasize Franklin’s importance in science.D. To deny Watson’s and Crick’s contribution to science.69. Franklin’s career as a scientist demonstrates _____________.A. that her work was pointing at the most difficult problemB. that she was the only female scientist during the periodC. the importance of DNA in modern scienceD. that perseverance leads to success and recognition of field scientistsKeys: 66—69 CBCDThree【2016届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a class this past December, after I wrote some directions on the board for students abouttheir final examination, one young woman quickly took a picture of the board using her smartphone. When I looked in her direction, she apologized, “Sorry. Was it wrong to take a picture?“I can’t read my own handwriting,” the young woman explained. “It’s best if I take a pictu of your writing so I can understand the notes.”That remark started a class-wide conversation about taking a picture instead of taking notes.For those in the photo-taking camp, motivations extended beyond their inability to comprehendtheir own handwriting. Some took pictures of notes because they knew their phone was a safeplace to store material. They might lose pape r, they reasoned, but they wouldn’t lose their phones.Some took photos because they wanted to record exactly the manner in which I had notedinformation on the board. Others told me that during class they liked to be able to listen to thediscussion attentively.Yet the use of cameras as note takers, though it may be convenient, does raise significantquestions for the classroom. Is a picture an effective replacement for the process of note-taking?Instructors encourage students to take notes because the act of doing so is more than merelyrecording necessary information—it helps prepare the way for understanding. Encouragingstudents to take notes may be an old-fashioned instructional method, but just because a methodhas a long history doesn’t mean it’s out of date. Writing things down engages a student’listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的) learning—a view supported by a longstanding research.The act of writing down information enables a person to begin committing it to memory, and toprocess and combine it, establishing the building blocks of learning new concepts.Taking a picture does indeed record the information, but it deletes some of the necessarymental engagement that taking notes employs. So can the two be equally effective?66. The woman apologized in the class because she_____________.A. had the bad handwritingB. missed the teachers’ directionsC. took a picture of the boardD. disturbed other students’ learning67. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT explain students’ reluctance totake notes?A. They lack proper techniques for taking notes.B. They want to listen more attentively in class.C. They believe smart phones are much safer for storing notes.D. They want to have the exact version of the notes on the board.68. According to the passage, taking notes by hand_____________.A. requires students to think independentlyB. helps students actively participate in learningC. proves to be an old and useless learning methodD. seems unsuitable for students to learn new ideas69. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The traditional way of note-taking should be replaced.B. A modern way of note-taking is catching on.C. Note-taking by hand is not out of date.D. A picture is worth a thousand words.Keys: 66—69 CABCFour【2016届上海市长宁区高三英语一模】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“When I Have Death is a serious theme worthy of great poets. For example, John Keats’sFea rs That I May Cease to Be” and John Donne’s “Death, Be Not Proud” both discuss death in reflective ways. However, the imagery (意象) in these poems shows that while Keats believes thatdeath can only destroy, Donne believes that death can be overcome.Keats is afraid of death, because to him death means the loss of those things that make hislife worth living: “On the shore/ of the wide world I stand alone, and think / Till Love and Fame tonothingness do sink.” Earlier in the poem, Keats says that he hopes this “Love” will be a romance” with a “fair creature.” He also says that he hopes the “Fame” he seeks will be the of the “high piled books” produced by his “crowded brain.” In other words, Keats’s fea death is a “nothingness” that will arrive before he can finish his life’s work or find his tru Donne has a different attitude toward death, and so the imagery in his poem is different, too.s,To Donne, death should “be not proud,” because it is not “mighty and dreadful.” Unlike K Donne sees death as weak and merely a “slave to Fate, chance, kings, and desperate men.”the sleep ofsays that death is like “rest and sleep”. Donne believes that we will all wake fromdeath to everlasting life, just as we wake from our normal sleep to our everyday lives. In fact,Donne believes that only death itself will die: “One short sleep past, we wake forever, / And Death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.”Keats and Donne both know that death is a part of life, and both poets use powerful imageryto talk about that difficult theme. The differences in this imagery show two very different attitudestoward the subject, one of which is much more positive than the other. Which poet to believe is upto the reader to decide.Not surprisingly, the readers’ own experiences may play a part in the way they respond tothese poets’ approaches. Like the two poets and their beliefs, contemporary readers also may beand Donne’s poetr y remains fascinatingdivided on the subject. This may explain why Keats’syears after their own deaths.66. According to the passage, _________ makes Keats’s life worth living.A.expressing his grand passion for poetryB. walking on the shore with a pretty ladyC. defeating nothingness with his true loveD. pursuing the fame of being a romantic poet67. In Donne’s poems he believes that death is ______.A. generally powerful and terribleB. only a ceaseless sleepC. merely the loss of work and loveD. hardly worth the fear_____.68. Contemporary readers may view the two poets’ serious subject differently because ___A. they are attracted to the two poets’ everlasting opposite beliefsB. they are divided naturally by their positive or negative personalitiesC. their own life experiences affect the understandings of the poemsD. their preferences for the poets’ strong imageries are various69. Which of the following best describes the main writing style of the passage?A. Analysis.B. Argument.C. Comparison.D. Reasoning.Keys:66—69 ADCCFive【2016届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dad,I’m writing to you as I feel it’s been quite a while since we last spoke (two years to be exact, you hung up on me). So how is Germany? How old are your other children now? What have youbeen up to this year? I finished my A-levels this summer. But enough small talk. On our Europeanroad trip in the summer, the journey took us close to your house and I asked Mum and my stepdadif we could pay a visit so that I could see you. Outside your house, I couldn’t bring myself out of the car and knock on the door.I’ve tried so many different forms of communication －email, the phone and I alsosuggested Skype. Yet I still can’t get through to you.My mum, stepdad and I sat around the table trying to work out why I had felt unable to knockon your door that day. At last it came to me. I think, perhaps subconsciously, I was saving myselfthe grief of your response.Why can’t your parental obligations stretch to all three of your children, not just your tworecent ones? In our previous conversations, which ended suddenly, as your older son needed to beput to bed, I’d ask you how he was doing at school, and you’d talk about the weather. No one listening would be able to tell there was any difference between our relationship and one youmight have with a neighbour.Forget your excuses – that the flight to visit me is expensive and that you need to look afteryour other children (I hope you can see the irony(讽刺) in that). While you watch their schoolve liked you to be there at mine?plays, don’t you consider that I would haPerhaps the reason I didn’t knock on your door was that I just don’t care anymore. I’mexhausted trying to make this work. Maybe a part of me wasn’t actually bothered whether I sawyou or not that day —you’ve already los t so much meaning in my life; you are someone who justsends me a birthday card.This isn’t me being bitter, although I was initially. It’s just a way of telling you how I really feel.Phoebe66. How did Phoebe feel when she was sitting in the car outsid e her father’s house?A. ExcitedB. PuzzledC. DisappointedD. Embarrassed67. Based on this letter, we can learn that Phoebe’s father _____________.A. lives in the same city with his daughterB. got divorced and left Phoebe and her motherC. has never had any communication with PhoebeD. takes good care of all his childrenirony” refer to in Paragraph 5?68. What does the “A. He ended his conversation with Phoebe just to put his son to bed.B. He lives in a big house but has no money to buy an air ticket.C. He talked with Phoebe, his daughter, as if with a neighbour.D. Phoebe is also his child but he excuses himself from caring about her.69. Phoebe didn’t knock on her father’s door that day because _____________.expected responses to her visitA. she was afraid of his dad’s unB. she didn’t want to bother her father’s happy life with his current familyC. she was tired of being the one who make efforts for their relationshipD. she suddenly realized that her father had no meaning in her lifeKeys: 66-69 CBDCSix【2016届上海市闵行区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)(You may read the questions first.)We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.Using your NatWest Service CardAs a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft (透支) to cover it). It is also a cheque guarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.Using your NatWest Cash CardYou can use your Cash Card as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash fromover 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have inyour account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.Using your cards abroadYou can also use your Service Card and Cash Card when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see theCirrus or Maestro logo displayed.We take a commission charge(手续费) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to￡4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro topay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.65%.Using your NatWest Credit CardWith your credit card you can do the following:-free credit.＊Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest＊Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the MasterCard or Visa logos.＊Collect one AIR MILE for every￡20 of spending that appears on your statement (结cheques bought, interest算单). (This does not include foreign currency or traveler’sand other charges.)66. If you carry the Service Card or the Cash Card, ____________.A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wishB. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyC. you can spend as much money as you like without a limitD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK67. If you withdraw￡200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged ___________.A. ￡4B. ￡4.5C. ￡5.25D. ￡5.368. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.B. You can use the card in any shop across the world.C. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.。
上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷整理
上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷整理上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷2I. Listening ComprehensionSection A（10分）Directions：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．At a bus station．B．At a gas station．C．At a military museum．D．At a mobile phone shop．2．（1分）A．3．B．5．C．8．D．11．3．（1分）A．He had difficulty going to sleep at night．B．He stayed up late watching TV series．C．He produced an attractive TV series．D．He had to buy a new sleeping pillow．4．（1分）A．The woman should clean up the closet．B．The woman has bought too many new clothes．C．The woman should put on some weight．D．The woman should buy more clothes．5．（1分）A．The sunlight will bum up the jacket．B．The beach is too cold．C．She is proud of her dark skin color．D．The sunlight is helpful to her．6．（1分）A．Many activities were arranged in the bookshop．B．Many people were listening to a writers lecture．C．The bookshop was popular because of the book resources．D．People went to the bookshop to get free books．7．（1分）A．Customers can pay cash．B．There are more varieties of goods．C．Customers can get a bargain price．D．Customers can receive the goods faster．8．（1分）A．Peter isnt in his hometown himselfB．Peter isnt their good friend．C．Peter is unlikely to appear to pick them up．D．Peter owns an empty house in his hometown．9．（1分）A．Do a part﹣time job on campus．B．Borrow money from the woman．C．Obtain financial assistance from school．D．Study a practical case on campus．10．（1分）A．The man had a bad time eating with his boss．B．The man had a stomachache after lunch．C．The man enjoys eating with co﹣workers．D．The man is particular about the food he eats．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two Passages and one longer conversation. After eachpassage or conversation，you will beasked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．Users can choose height range．B．Users can improve their eyesight．C．Users can select the SPF of the cream．D．Users can get a full exposure to the cream．（2）A．The laziness of the inventor．B．The needs of the hotels．C．The fund the inventor obtained．D．The online usage video．（3）A．Inserting coins into the equipment．B．Paying cash to the inventor．C．Buying Snappy Screen card．D．Paying for the hotel room．12．（4.5分）（1）A．He got a medal for courage．B．He would become a French citizen．C．He got a position in the fire service．D．He received a large sum of money．（2）A．He was playing a game．B．He was sleeping in the balcony．C．He was staying with his family．D．He was injured．（3）A．The balcony was not strong enough．B．The boys father left him alone at home．C．The house was on fire．D．Firemen broke into the house．13．（6分）（1）A．The origin of AI technology．B．The bad influences AI might bring．C．The changes AI brings to humans．D．The waterproof feature of AI technology．（2）A．Too few people he has interviewed．B．The inferior AI products on the market．C．The lack of resources on AI theory．D．The lack of fund for the study．（3）A．It is located in the downtown area．B．It has professional staff．C．It offers great online resource．D．It opens to general public free of charge．（4）A．To prove that the applicant has legal income．B．To guarantee applicants ability to pay overdue fine．C．To use the bank card as the membership card．D．To pay the membership fee．II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）I love the work and experience Ive gained，but I am frustrated by the disorganized management．Also，Ive been told I cant askfor more money．I can get a new job with more pay，but will（1）（leave）within a year hurt my professional reputation？The answer is，it depends．When we choose to leave a new job early，it sends the message that （2）is terribly wrong，especially in the current economic climate（3）unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs．That means you will somehow look suspicious（4）you say about the leave．Saying the work is great but you dont like management or the pay wont go over well with employers．To them，it sounds a bit selfish and needy．No doubt，they（5）（question）your ability to be patient or be a good team player．Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year．It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer．Plus，youre getting paid to do work you actually like，so they （6）assume that you cant put up with a little disorganization．And speaking of pay，most companies work（7）an annual review basis，so suddenly asking for more money doesnt work for their budgets．So，whats the solution？Focus on your desire（8）（develop）professionally．Its a tough decision to leave this great company．I love the work I am doing．However，it（9）（make）clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional．My fear is if I stay，I will become（10）（competitive）down the line．I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more valuefor my employer．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosenfrom the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）A．combination B．sheets C．flexible D．rejected E．healF．imitate G．chemical H．damage I．setting J．necessarily K．severeArtificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory，typically used to treat burns．Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity，but all are designed to（1）at least some of the skins basic functions，which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat．Skin is primarily made of two layers：the uppermost layer，the epidermis，which serves as a protection against the environment；and the dermis，the layer below the epidermis．The dermis also contains substances，which help to make the skin（2）and maintain its biological functions．Artificial skins close wounds，which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can（3）．For example，one commonly used artificial skin，Integra．functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（股原质）（4）．The Integra dermis is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）．It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis．Aside from its uses in the clinical（5），artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research．For example，artificial skin isused as an alternative in animal testing．Such testing may cause（6）pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not（7）predict the response of human skin．Some companies like Lóreal have already used artificial skin to test many（8）ingredients and products．Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin．Today new technology has been developed by growing（9）of skin taken from the patient or other humans．One major source is the foreskins of newborns．Such cells often do not stimulate the bodys immune system ﹣a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mothers body﹣and hence are much less likely to be（10）by the patients body．Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C，and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）Youve been painting for a few years，and maybe you have even sold a painting or two．Are you ready to（1）the title of an amateur artist？Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is（2）task．It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings．Its not only about painting techniques．And for most cases，it doesnt happen（3）．Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering．To turn professional，people find it critical to develop a personal style．What makes your paintings（4）among other paintings out there？Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator？A personal style comes along with technique，painting medium，and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time．You（5）it throughunconscious and constant exploring and self﹣shaping．Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium．Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media，but they all have a（6）Dali style．Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings，which people can identify with．Their（7）of the painter is then a sure thing．Artists talk about their（8）all of the time．What gets you out of bed every morning to paint？How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting？（9），we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating．For the professional artist，it goes beyond that．Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life，society or even politics．Others simply seek（10）returns to cover kids tuition fees or pay family bills．Yet，all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals．Many amateur artists passively wait for（11）to come．If they are not in the mood，they do not bother wasting the time．They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties．Professionals are never easily（12）or torn away from their art work in progress．Focused on their work so much，some even regard spending time outside their（13）as crime（14）is their secret to high productivity．Besides，professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting，which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one．The belief that there is always room for（15）keeps driving them forward in the art world where many masters have come along．（1）A．step beyondB．turn offC．see throughD．make up（2）A．rewardingB．trickyC．formalD．temporary（3）A．individually B．thoroughlyC．instantlyD．sincerely（4）A．uniqueB．superiorC．practicalD．reliable（5）A．acquire第11页/共28页B．transferC．imitateD．analyze（6）A．recentB．distinctC．modestD．logical（7）A．preservation B．employmentC．adaptionD．recognition（8）A．background B．significanceC．motivationD．routine（9）A．To sum up第12页/共28页B．In contrastC．In additionD．In general（10）A．academicB．globalC．financialD．original（11）A．inspirationB．fameC．guidanceD．solution（12）A．offended B．dominatedC．distractedD．rewarded第13页/共28页（13）A．studioB．bedroomC．garageD．garden（14）A．ReflectionB．DevotionC．CreativityD．Illustration（15）A．negotiationB．profitC．criticismD．improvementSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and第14页/共28页42other passengers．While flying over the mountains，the plane encountered violent airflow．Losing control suddenly，it hit an unknown mountain peak．The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately，leaving many injured including my sister．Adding a slight chance of being found out，we waited in the open，as opposed to waiting in the plane，even though it was freezing cold．At night，we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water．We knew our food couldnt last us long，sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon．We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft．However，the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow，making it impossible to be seen from the sky．Later，our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended．Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival．Although the crash site was an awful place，with urine（尿）everywhere and smelling of death，I still wished to stay there．But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued．Thus，together with two other people，Canessa and Vizintin，I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help．Carrying some food and water，the three climbers started our journey．If we had known anything about climbing，we would have realized that we were already finished．The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers．Our ignorance provided our only chance．We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top．To our horror，we found nothing．Disappointed，we were about to第15页/共28页give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain．Eventually，at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help．I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site．Finally，after we had endured nineteen cruel days，the world found out that there were 16survivors who had cheated death despite the odds．（1）Why did they stay outside the plane？A．Because they didnt want to stay with dead people inside．B．Because its easier to obtain melted snow for water．C．Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people．D．Because other passengers were against staying inside．（2）Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay？A．Because he could get help from two experienced climbers．B．Because his sister might die without timely medical help．C．Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in．D．Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes．（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？第16页/共28页A．Rescue people didnt notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning．B．The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio．C．The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment．D．More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued．（4）The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to．A．had told lies about death in spite of realityB．had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC．had treated death with positive attitudeD．had almost died in spite of strange expectation18．（6分）Rubbermaid Commercial Stainless（不锈的）Steel Oven Monitoring Thermometer（温度计）FGTHO 550by Rubbermaid Commercial Products 4.3 out of 5 stars 2，274 customer reviewsPrice：＄7.01第17页/共28页Color：MetallicMade of wearable stainless steel，this oven thermometer is designed to endure the test of the toughest professional and home kitchens．The scale reads in both Fahrenheit and Celsius，and it features clearly marked temperature differences to aid accurate readings．Easy to install，the thermometer comes equipped with a convenient hanger，so it can be suspended from an oven rail．Its self﹣standing design also allows it to stand upright on a baking pan in the oven．Easy﹣to﹣Read DialThis oven thermometer measures and displays true oven temperature，helping to ensure precise results when preparing food．Durable Stainless Steel DesignWith its stainless steel construction and rock﹣resistant lens，this thermometer withstands tough and repeated use．And with its long 10﹣year warranty，its sure to become one of your kitchen mainstays．About manufacturerRubbermaid Commercial Products，headquartered in Winchester，Va，is a manufacturer of innovative，solution﹣based products for commercial and institutional markets worldwide．Since 1968，RCP has pioneered technologies and system solutions in the categories of foodprep services，cleaning maintenance，waste handling，material transport，and safety products Product details．Product details第18页/共28页Product Dimensions：6.1 x 45 x 1.5 inches；I poundDomestic Shipping：Item can be shipped within U．SInternational Shipping：This item can be shipped to selected countries outside of the U．S．Learn MoreAmazon Best Sellers Rank：#1 in Home Kitchen＞Oven Thermometersspecial offers and product promotionspay with your credit card or your Amazon．Com Gift Card．Apply now．（1）Which of the following features does the product enjoy？A Its made of quality plastic easy to be bent．B．It is assisted with electronic dial reading system．C．It could be positioned within the oven in two ways．D．It is resistant to shake and press（2）Which description about the product is true？A．It provides unconditional domestic and international shopping．第19页/共28页B．It sells best in Oven Thermometers section on AmazonC．Over 3000 customers have commented on the product．D．It could be paid for only through credit card．（3）Which of the following products is NOT likely to be manufactured by Rubbermaid Commercial Products？A．Deskside Plastic Wastebasket．B．Airtight Snack ContainerC．Full Pan CarrierD．Over﹣ear Bass Sound Stereo Headphones19．（8分）Canada is a bilingual country with co﹣official languages．English and French enjoy equal status as the official languages of all federal government institutions in Canada．This means that the public has the right to communicate with and receive services from，federal（联邦的）government institutions in either English or French．Federal government employees have the right to work in the official language of their choice in designated bilingual regions．Like the United States，Canada started as a colony．Beginning in the 1500s，it was part of New France but later became a British colony after the Seven Years War．As a result，the Canadian government recognized the languages of both colonizers：France and England．The Constitution （宪法）Act of 1867enshrined the use of both languages in Parliament and in federal courts．Years later，Canada strengthened its commitment to第20页/共28页bilingualism when it passed the Official Languages Act of 1969，which reaffirmed the constitutional origins of its co﹣official languages and set out the protections afforded by its dual﹣language status．Recognition of both English and French protects the rights of all Canadians．Among other benefits，the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents，whether their native language was French or English．The general law also requires that consumer products feature bilingual packaging throughout the country．The Canadian federal government is committed to advancing the equality of status and use of the English and French languages within Canadian society and provides support to the development of English and French linguistic minority communities．However，the reality is that most Canadians speak English，and of course，many Canadians speak another language entirely．Although the federal government theoretically guarantees bilingual services in all areas，there are many regions of Canada where English is the clear majority language，so the government does not always offer services in French in those regions．Canadians use the phrase where numbers warrant to indicate whether a local populations language usage requires bilingual services from the federal government．While many Canadians are bilingual，they are not only speaking English or French．Statistic Canada finds that more than 200 languages that were not English or French，were reported as a language spoken by its people．About two﹣thirds of the respondents who spoke one of these languages also spoke either English or French．（1）The acceptance of two official languages in Canada is due to．A．the language﹣using tradition caused by Canadas colonial history．B．the convenience for business dealings by using two languages in the country．C．the welcome attitude toward immigrates from all over the world．D．the mastery of two languages of Canadians because of school education．（2）In reality whether bilingual service provided by the federal government is necessary in different districts is decided by．A．the legal order from the federal governmentB．the popularity of the language in the worldC．the number of schools teaching the languageD．the number of local people using the language（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？A．English has gained superior legal position to French because of bigger number of users in Canada．B．The legal court usage of French and English was established in Canada in 1969．C．Both French and English should be used on products in Canada according to federal law．D．Canadian people speak either French or English in social communication．（4）What is the main idea of the passage？A．The advantage of using multiple languages in CanadaB．The history and current situation of two language used in CanadaC．The disadvantaged status of the French language used in Canada．D．Canadians advancement in balancing two languages in business world．Section C Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）A．They are even believed to possess some level of consciousness．B．The creature instantly loses consciousness in half a second．C．Legal prohibition becomes the major consideration for restaurants when choosing a cooking method．D．Except for moral consideration，many chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat．E．Its difficult to assess pain in other species because we cannot communicate as easily．F．It beats the former method by saving chefs effort in cleaning the creature．Unit the 1980s，scientists were trained to ignore animal pain，according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness．However，today，scientists view humans as a species of animals，and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self﹣awareness．People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion．If you slap（掌击）another person in the face，you can estimate their pain level of self﹣awareness．People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion．If you slap（击掌）another person in the face，you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response，（1）Gradually，scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non﹣human animals．Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs．But huge disagreement exists．For example，scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters（龙虾）feel pain．Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain．Nonetheless，lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response．Lobsters guard their injuries，and learn to avoid dangerous situations．（2）In result，todaymost scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain．Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain，it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries．Currently，boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand．Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal，many restaurants prefer more humane methods．（3）To satisfy picky diners，more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods．Stabbing a lobster in the head isnt a good option，as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious．Currently，the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun．This device electrocutes（点击）a lobster．（4）The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain．In contrast，it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts．IV. Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．So，when you picked up a few things in a supermarket，a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology．By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic，with a rude hand gesture or two，wasnt it a relief to get to the office？The answer is a definite yes．It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise，and most see that as a major problem．Moreover，its getting worse．Last year，people reportedencountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior．This year，the number had shot up to 10.6．The exception，it seems，is the Workshops．More than 90% of us see companies offices as．what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners．Workplaces are gettig more civil in many peoples eyes．The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%﹣markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online（39%），or while driving （also39%）．Of course，less﹣than﹣polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is，after all，unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion．However，being on ones best behavior in any professional field is generally a common﹣sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development．But theres more to it．Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice．CEOS，and managers at all levels，are now keen on cooperation．They are trying to build a‘Best Places to Work culture，to attract the best available talents．This emphasis on co﹣working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people．Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe theres more to be done．Asked what changes theyd like to see，62% hope thatcivility training will be continued，looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）您可联系校办公室了解更多信息．（contact）23．（4分）玛丽迫不及待地要使用刚下载的软件．（wait）24．（4分）维生素片能否替代食物为我们供应足够能量仍旧未知．（remain）25．（4分）尽管不同学科老师的教学风格不尽相同，他们都亲密关注同学的进展．（vary）Ⅲ. Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．你是刘晓，你班本学期剩余一笔总额两千元的班费（class fee）结余．目前有两个使用方案：Ⅲ为每位同学订阅一份英语周刊（English Weekly）．给班委会（class committee）写一封信，谈谈你的看法．信中必需包括：● 你赞同的方案；● 你赞同该方案的理由；● 你对于执行此方案的建议．（信中不得消失考生姓名，学校等真实信息）【上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
上海市各区2016届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Mapping AntarcticaAntarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laideyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greekphilosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continentmust exist at the bottom of the world. They thought it wasneeded to balance out the continents at the top of the world.In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continentthey referred to as Terra Incognita (Latin for “unknown land”)at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s ---- after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica ---- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one-and-a-half times the size of the U.S..While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes ---- and later, satellites ---- to chart Antarctica’s vast interior (内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that can still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is acartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC),which is based at the University of Minnesota and hasa staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up withGoogle to use the company’s Trekker technology tocapture images of Antarctica for the Internet gia nt’spopular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, whichis the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records images in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out fortwo and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hour s each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high-tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.74. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctic was on the map in the 1500s when __________.A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.B. Aristotle named the continent Terra IncognitaC. no one had ever seen or been to the continentD. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to75. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ships.D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.76. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially ___________.A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street ViewB. to test the company’s Trekker technologyC. to create educational apps for museumsD. to hike for an incredible experience77. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ___________.A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the iceB. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instrumentsC. how to safely approach the researchers’ field camp and the ballo onD. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staffKeys:74-77: CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Aislin g’s mother died at midsummer. She had fallen sick so suddenly that some of the villagers wondered if the fairies had come and taken her, for she was still young and beautiful. She was buried three days later beneath the hawthorn tree(山楂树) behind the house, just as twilight was darkening the sky.Maire Solanya, the village greenwitch, came that evening to perform the old rituals over the grave. She stood at the foot of the mound of black soil. Aisling and her father stood at the head of it, resting on the simple headstone, was the burning candle. Aisling’s father had lit it shortly after Elinor died, and it would burn all night. The gravestone was a plain piece of slate carved with her name: Elinor. Grass and tree roots would grow up around it as the years passed, until it would seem as if it had always been there.Maire Solanya said in her low, clear voice, “Life to life, from b reath to breath, we remember Elinor.” She held a round loaf of bread in her hands. She tore off a small piece and ate it, chewing deliberately, before handing the loaf to Aisling’s father. He pulled off his own piece, then passed it to his daughter. It was still warm, and it smelled like her mother’s kitchen after baking. But it hadn’t come from her mother’s hands, and that realization made a lump rise in her throat. The bread was tasteless.Maire Solanya took the loaf from her, its crust(面包皮) gaping open, and placed it on the gravestone next to the candle. Aisling couldn’t shake the feeling that her mother had merely goneout on an errand and would come home at any moment and wonder what the three of them were doing. It didn’t seem possible that she was b uried there, at the foot of the hawthorn tree, in the ground. It was easier to believe the village rumors than to sit with the ache inside herself.She remembered those rumors now, while she stood with her father and Maire Solanya in a tense silence. Everyone had always said that Elinor had some magic in her, and everyone knew that fairies – if they existed –were drawn to that. So Aisling’s father had ordered all the old rituals, even though he did not believe in them, just in case. She was not entirely sure what she herself believed, but she knew that her mother would want them to do these rituals for her, and that was enough.When the sun slipped below the horizon, the greenwitch said, “Sleep in peace, Elinor,”and scattered a gold powder over the grave to bind Elinor to the earth. On the freshly turned soil, the gold glittered like fairly dust.73. Aisling and her family are most likely ____________.A. fairlies in disquiseB. simple village folkC. wealthy farmersD. experienced bakers74. Maire Solanya performed the rituals in order to ____________.A. express thanks to the fairiesB. protect the hawthorn treeC. respect Elinor’s wishesD. capture Elinor’s spirit75. Which of the following does not describe Elinor?A. A believer in magic.B. Practical.C. Skilled at baking.D. Youthful.76. Which statement best describes Aisling’s belief in fairies?A. She is uncertain and finds the idea unsettling.B. She finds the idea comforting but is unsure.C. She is certain they exist and wishes they would bring back her mother.D. She believes strongly in the power of their rituals but not in their existence.77. Why did Aisling find the bread “tasteless”?A. It reminded her of her mother’s absence.B. It was a terribly rude thing to eat at her mother’s funeral.C. Solanya was really a poor baker in the village.D. There had not been sufficient ingredients to make the bread.Keys: 73—77 DABCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda. In fact, as far as the Ik are concerned, the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of drought, famine and starvation. Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others. So the old are abandoned to die. Sick and disabled children too are abandoned. The Ik attitude is that, as long as you keep the breeding group alive, you can always get more children.Ik mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old, to defend for themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out, for in the process of being cared for, he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling(背婴儿带) wherever the mother goes. Whenever the mother is in her field, she loosens the sling and lets the baby to the ground none too slowly, and laughs if it is hurt. Then she goes about her business, leaving the child there, almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off. This sometimes happens. Such behaviour does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children.Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock. It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their concept of the ‘family’ is deeply wrong. However, sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions. In the case of the Ik, with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in—drought and famine—their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe.Moreover, some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common. British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members. For some members of our own society—for young and old alike—family life may be characterized by violence, abuse and isolation.The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is not surprising, considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities. It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as ‘natural’. For many of us, it is a cornerstone of our social world, a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world. It is the place in which we are loved for who we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives. It is no wonder that we tend to hold very fierce, emotional, and perhaps irrational, views about family life and how it ought to be organized. Such ‘taken for granted’ views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience—such as those of the Ik—without making critical judgements.73. Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage?A. The family is the centre of their life.B. The old are the luxuries they should treasure.C. Their children should be abandoned when born.D. The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for.74. Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik?A. The children are a great burden to their family.B. Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there.C. The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents.D. Many children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field.75. According to the author, both British family life and that of the Ik __________.A. contain negative elementsB. ensure longevityC. experience ups and downsD. endear family members76. All of the following statements support “family is the cornerstone”EXCEPT that _________.A. we turn to family as our harbour in heartB. we find we love and are loved in the familyC. we believe family is the top priority in our lifeD. we pour our bad mood upon our family members77. The author writes this passage to tell us ___________.A. family life has various positive functionsB. the idea of family is universally acceptedC. the family is evolving with the time at a high speedD. we should examine the concept of family objectivelyKeys:73—77 DAADDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)LT123 Workshops“I’m pleased to say that 2015 is our third year sponsoring the IATEFL information desk. This year, we are running three workshops covering some of the key areas of our wide-ranging special skills: testing, editing and vocabulary. We hope to see you.”——Russell Whitehead DirectorLT123 is the new name for Language Testing 123, and we are proud sponsors of the 49th Annual International IATEFL Conference and Exhibition. Manchester, April 2015.75. To help improve vocabulary teaching and testing, the workshops will focus on __________.A. how to employ more scientific methods in vocabulary testingB. how to test vocabulary as the most important language featureC. what advanced standards to set for the students of different levelsD. what to be concentrated on rather than four basic language skills76. From this handout we can know that ____________.A. the audience are editors in the field of language teachingB. the director of LT123 will be talking in one of the workshopsC. some publishing companies will sponsor similar workshops soonD. each workshop lasts 45 minutes in the same meeting room77. What is the purpose of this handout?A. To sell newly published books on language testing.B. To get the audience informed of the events.C. To show the breakthrough in vocabulary teaching.D. To attract the attention of the host of 2015 IATEFL.Keys: 75—77 ABBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Writer and journalist Cristina Odone aroused widespread anger by suggesting that her daughter was being pressured to take science for graduation exams and this was unreasonable for a child with a literary ben t. She even claimed that “… this focus on STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics] subjects sends a message that makes her and me uncomfortable: doing a man’s work is more impressive than doing a woman’s.”Like many others, I totally disagree with her position as a scientist. Taking science to age 16 should simply be seen as part of obtaining a well-rounded education. Furthermore, identifying STEM as a man’s subject leads in part to our serious lack of diversity(多样性) in the scientific workforce. Meanwhile, many male authors and poets might be surprised to learn that literature is “woman’s work”.Novelist Lucy Ellman once wrote, “The purpose of artists is to ask the right questions, even ifwe don’t find the answers, whereas the aim of science is to prove some silly points.” But proving some silly points might save your life, light your home, allow you to surf the web or visit your relatives living far away. Only someone who has never considered how extensive the outputs of science are i n our society could write such a “silly” sentence.However, having said that, I am not trying to denigrate the work of the humanities. I do not see this as an either/or situation but it’s all part of being human. I admire and appreciate those who try to ex press things hard to be described in words, but it simply isn’t my strength. I may wholeheartedly believe that science is vital but that doesn’t mean I think the humanities (or indeed the social sciences) are not. Since science costs more to do than arts subjects, more funding should go to science. That statement is not equal to saying that the humanities should not be properly funded. Somehow, we are constantly being put in opposition, a divide that is damaging to both scientists and non-scientists.So why are the humanities important to me? I would say it is exactly because I am human. I sit here typing listening to a Schubert piano trio. I have been reading EP Thompson’s The Making of the English Working Class to try to understand how our society was and is the shape it is. Scientists may be capable of dealing with the ethics(道德标准) of their work, but they cannot and should not answer the question of whether we should do this in isolation. Answering the many questions that our developing scientific capabilities throw up requires the input of researchers from many fields.So let us enjoy our capabilities on all fronts, recognizing that we each have different strengths and weaknesses. It’s time to ban the damaging divide that sets one part of the research com munity against another and celebrate our humanity as well as the Humanities.74. The writer quotes words from Cristina Odone and Lucy Ellman to show that ___________.A. doing a man’s work is more impressiv e than doing a woman’sB. some people may have a narrow understanding of scienceC. the purposes of artists and scientists are totally differentD. a well-rounded education is crucial to the diversity in society75. By saying “I am not trying to denigrate the work of the humanities”, the writer probably means ______________.A. I am not an expert in the work of the humanitiesB. I don’t think the work of the humanities importantC. I don’t want to play down the work of the humanitiesD. I admire and appreciate the work of the humanities76. Why does the writer mention listening to music and reading books in Paragraph 5?A. To explain how extensive the outputs of science are.B. To call on scientists to understand the society and the shape of it.C. To prove that the humanities are important to scientists too.D. To advise scientists to deal with the ethics of their work.77. The purpose of this passage is to _____________.A. reveal people’s weakness in expressing complex thoughts in wordsB. reject the idea that science only proves some silly pointsC. illustrate that scientists have strengths and weaknessesD. appeal to stop treating humanities and science as oppositesKeys: 74-77 BCCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the story of the games is analyzed they can be seen to fall into some styles. The two styles most popular with the children I interviewed were ‘Platformers’ and ‘Beat-them-ups.’ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated (动画的) characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children’s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away unscathed.Argument has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children’s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after longtime exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive ‘yells’ at the screen. It is not only the ‘Beat-them-up’ games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their ‘lives’ and ‘die’ just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination (协调). When the player loses an d the words ‘Game over’ appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming ‘addictive’: the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have ‘one last go’ in the hope of doing better next time.Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.74. The best title for the passage is _____________.A. How to control anger while playing computer gamesB. There is no difference between ‘Platformers’ and ‘Beat-Them-Ups’C. How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in childrenD. How to make children spend less time on computer games75. The word “unscathed” in Paragraph 1 probably means ___________.A. unharmedB. unbeatenC. unsettledD. unhappy76. According to Paragraph 2, how does violence relate to playing computer games?A. Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violentbehavior.B. When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.C. People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.D. The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.77. According to the author, why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?A. Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.B. Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.C. Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.D. Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.Keys: 74—77 CABDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.CPretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is widespread in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink inherently(内在地) bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly blends girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds , between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the extreme lack of imagination ab out girls’ lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colors were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, adelicate version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations(暗示) of the Virgin Mary(圣母玛利亚), constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity(女性化). It was not until the mid-1980s, when enlarged age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends influenced our perception of what is natural to relatives, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Taking the toddler as an example, I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. It turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled(劝告) department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler"(学步的小孩) became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a safe way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to cut up a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.73. By saying "it is ... the rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink ___________.A. should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB. should not be associated with girls' innocenceC. cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD. cannot influence girls' lives and interests74. What does the word “encode” in Para. 2 refer to?A. discoveredB. programmedC. markedD. sealed75. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was muchinfluenced by_____.A. the marketing of products for childrenB. the observation of children's natureC. researches into children's behaviorD. studies of childhood consumption76. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to __________.A. focus on infant wear and older kids' clothesB. attach equal importance to different gendersC. classify consumers into smaller groupsD. create some common shoppers' terms77. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be __________.A. clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB. fully understood by clothing manufacturersC. mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD. well interpreted by psychological expertsKeys: 73-77 ABACCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( C )According to Nielsen, the average number of mobile phone calls we make is dropping every year, after hitting a peak in 2007. And our calls are getting shorter: In 2005 they averaged three minutes in length; now they’re almost half that.We are moving, in other words, toward a fascinating cultural transition: the death of the telephone call. This shift is particularly plain among the young. Some college students I know go days without talking into their smart phones at all.This generation doesn’t make phone ca lls, because everyone is in constant, lightweight contact in so many other ways: texting, chatting, and social-network messaging. And we don’t just have more options than we used to. We have better ones: These new forms of communication have exposed the fact that the voice call is badly designed. It deserves to die. Consider: If I suddenly decide I want to dial you up, I have no way of knowing whether you’re busy, and you。
2016届上海市各区高三英语一模试题题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--学生版（已校对）
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why girls do better at school than boys?For centuries, boys were top of the class. But these days, that’s no longer the case.A new study by the OECD, a club of mostly __51__ countries in Europe and North America, examined how 15-year-old boys and girls performed at reading, mathematics and science. Boys still get somewhat better __52__ at maths and physics, and in other science courses the genders are roughly __53__. But when it comes to the students who really struggle and suffer at school, the difference is __54__: boys are 50% more likely than girls to fall short of basic standards in all three areas.__55__, why are girls performing better at school than their male classmates?First, girls read more than boys. Reading proficiency (熟练) is the basis upon which all other learning is built. When boys don’t do well in reading, their __56__ in other school subjects suffers too.Second, girls spend much more time on their homework and out-of-class learning. __57__, girls spend five and a half hours per week doing homework while boys spend a little less than four and a half hours. Researchers suggest that doing homework __58__ by teachers is linked to better accomplishment in maths, reading and science. Boys, it appears, spend more of their free time in the __59__ world; they are 17% more likely to play cooperative online games than girls every day. They also use the internet more.Third, peer __60__ plays a role. A lot of boys decide early on that they are just too cool for school. They adopt a so-called concept of masculinity(男子气概) that includes a disregard for __61__, which means they’re more likely to be rude and noisy in class. Teachers mark them down for this. In anonymous(匿名的) tests, boys perform better. In fact, the gender gap in reading __62__ by a third when teachers don’t know the gender of the pupil they are marking.So what can be done to close this gap? Getting boys to do more homework and cut down on screen-time would help. And offering boys a __63__ to read non-fiction would help too: they’re keener on comics and newspapers. But most of all, abandoning gender stereotypes(旧模式) would __64__ all students. Thus, boys in all countries with the best schools read much better than girls. As we know, girls in Shanghai, Singapore and Seoulare good at mathematics, and they __65__ boys from anywhere else in the world.51. A. backward B. wealthy C. regular D. miserable52. A. scores B. directions C. guidance D. evaluation53. A. practical B. reliable C. relevant D. equal54. A. stable B. vague C. obvious D. logical55. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Instead56. A. behaviour B. comment C. preparation D. performance57. A. In brief B. On average C. On the contrary D. In addition58. A. researched B. designed C. assigned D. approved59. A. virtual B. realistic C. future D. artificial60. A. relationship B. contact C. responsibility D. pressure61. A. experts B. authorities C. adults D. peers62. A. develops B. widens C. narrows D. forms63. A. chance B. task C. favour D. resource64. A. influence B. harm C. satisfy D. benefit65. A. advance B. overtake C. overcome D. challengeSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New Tech Network, a new education organization, strives to ensure all students have the skills, knowledge, and attributes they need to thrive in post-secondary education, career and civic life.New Tech Network cooperates with district leaders, administrators, and teachers who share a common purpose: to provide an education in which students acquire knowledge and develop skills vital to __51__ in the post-secondary path of their choosing. The New Tech design is simply a blueprint, __52__ a set of core beliefs, tools, and strategies to help each school fulfill its purpose. New Tech design principles provide for an __53__ approach centered on project-based learning, a culture that enables students and teachers, and the use of technology in the classroom. Through extensive professional development, personalized coaching, and access to Echo, New Tech Network, a learning __54__ system, enables principals, teachers, and students to develop relevant and meaningful learning communities.TEACHING THAT ENGAGESA K-12 PathwayThrough project-based learning, internships（见习期）, dual enrollment, and other experiences in New Tech schools, students are well __55__ post-secondary pursuits.__56__, New Tech Network has worked with public school districts to redesign high schools. More recently, however, New Tech Network is partnering with several school districts to __57__ New Tech middle schools and elementary schools. In some districts, this provides students with a K-12 pathway. In elementary and middle schools, the design principles are the same—teaching that engages, culture that empowers, and technology that enables. As the elementary and middle schools mature, New Network will measure success on student__58__.Learning __59__The years spent in a New Tech school allow students to gain the academic and deeper learning skills necessary for success in any post-secondary option. New Tech students learn disciplinary knowledge and skills to conduct inquiry and solve real-world problems. Throughout a project, they cooperate with peers, facilitators, and experts in the field. Students __60__ their learning through effective oral and written communication for authentic audiences.Ownership of their learning experience and engagement in relevant and challenging taskshelps students develop a sense of agency, a skill essential to success in __61__, career, and civic duty.Project-Based LearningProject-based learning is at the heart of New Tech Network’s instructional approach. Students cooperate on projects, ranging in __62__ from two to eight weeks, which require critical thinking and communication. Projects often occur in integrated subject area courses, where Entry Events, the Need-to-Know (NTK) process, and skill building workshops support student-centred learning. During projects, students often engage withsubject matter experts who provide feedback on real-world products. Through project-based learning, students not only master __63__ content, but also successfully apply content when solving authentic problems.__64__ -Based InternshipsNew Tech students also engage in experiences designed to prepare them for success in the contemporary workplace. By cooperating with others on projects, students acquire a level of responsibility similar to a __65__ work environment. Students engage with field experts and community stakeholders(利益相关者) during projects, and final products are presented to authentic audiences. Additionally, two-thirds of New Tech high schools offer such practical activities, with nearly half of all seniors participating.51. A. success B. rescue C. survival D. reform52.A. owing to B. getting rid of C. depending on D. accompanied by53.A. intermediate B. intelligent C. instructional D. informative54.A. innovation B. requirement C. management D. negotiation55.A. related to B. prepared for C. classified by D. compared with56.A. Accidentally B. Accordingly C. Absolutely D. Historically57.A. evaluate B. observe C. connect D. create58.A. teaching B. learning C. engaging D. developing59.A. Problems B. Outcomes C. Strategies D. Discipline60.A. demonstrate B. promote C. highlight D. motivate61.A. elementary schoolsB. middle schools C. high schools D. college62.A. length B. courses C. topics D. targets63.A. advanced B. academic C. complex D. adequate64.A. Network B. Workshop C. Community D. College65.A. permanent B. professional C. popular D. familiarSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many of us have found ourselves trying to explain to friends and colleagues, ―No, busine ss travel isn’t as fun and fascinating as it seems.‖Finally, there could be ___51___ to back this up. Researchers at the University of Surrey, in Britain, and Linnaeus University, in Sweden, have published a new study highlighting what they call ―a ___52___ side of hypermobility(常飞行)‖.The study, which combines existing research on the ___53___ of frequent travel, finds three types of consequence: physiological, psychological and emotional, and social.The physiologicalones are the most obvious. Jet lag is the suffering travellers know best, although they may not ___54___ some of its more terrible potential effects, like speeding ageing or increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Then there’s the danger of deep-vein thrombosis(深静脉血栓), ___55___ to germs and radiation. And finally, of course, business travellers tend to get less exercise and eat less healthily than people who stay in place.The psychological and emotional damage of business travel is more abstract, but just as real. Frequent flyers e xperience ―travel disorientation‖ from ___56___ places and time zones so often. They also ___57___ mounting stress, given that ―time spent travelling will rarely be balancedthrough a reduced workload, and that there may be anxieties ___58___ with work continuing to pile up while being away‖. ___59___ the absence from family and friends, ―hypermobility is frequently a/an ___60___ experience,‖ the authors write. The accumulated impact can be astonishing and great.Finally, there are the ___61___ effects. Marriages suffer from the time apart, as does children’s behaviour. What is more, relationships tend to become more ___62___, as the partner who stays at home is forced to take on more ___63___ duties. There’s a gender inequality here, since most business travellers are men. Friendships also suffer, as business travellers often ―sacrifice local collective activities and instead ___64___ their immediate families when returning from trips‖.Of course, these impacts are moderated by the fact that they fall disproportionately on a small part of the population that is already doing rather well. The ―mobile elite(精英)‖ tend to have higher incomes and ___65___ to better health care than the population at large.So these may be problems of the 1% (or the 3%, or the 5%). But they’re real enough regardless. By all means feel jealous of acquaintances' Instagram photos of exotic meals and faraway attractions. But harbour a small amount of concern as well.51. A. travel B. proof C. damage D. consequence52. A. brighter B. wiser C. darker D. lazier53. A. effects B. benefits C. limits D. costs54. A. impose B. foresee C. declare D. memorize55. A. connection B. adaptation C. exposure D. familiarity56. A. changing B. leaving C. taking D. pursuing57. A. handle B. relieve C. suffer D. lay58. A. infected B. associated C. greeted D. packed59. A. Due to B. According to C. Regardless of D. In case of60. A. surprising B. relaxing C. fulfilling D. isolating61. A. cultural B. conscious C. social D. negative62. A. unequal B. invisible C. pleasant D. permanent63. A. personal B. related C. professional D. domestic64. A. prioritize B. mobilize C. seek D. support65. A. devotion B. objection C. response D. accessSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.At 1:30 p.m. on March 31, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. stepped from a crowd of onlookers and tried to kill Ronald Reagan, the president of the United States. Although he failed, he did cause injury to the president. The crime was committed in clear view of many people. 51 , at the end of his trial, Hinckley was found not 52 by reason of insanity (精神失常). Instead of prison, Hinckley was sent to a mental hospital, where he remains.The judgment in Hinckley’s case did more than annoy a few people. It53 a nationwide debate about whether people accused of a crime can claim they were insane when they did it. If they were capable of 54 and then committing a crime, how could they later claim to have been insane? One starting point is to identify what insane means in a U.S. court of law.Very young children cannot be 55 if they do not know right from wrong, because they cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. For most people, moral responsibility comes with age and maturity. Psychologists, however, say that there are some adults who cannot recognize right from wrong. Since these adults cannot tell the 56 , they should not be held morally responsible for their actions. In a U.S. court of law, an adult like this may be considered insane. Hinckley was judged insane because 57 determined that his mind was not functioning like a(n) 58 adult’s so he had no idea what he was doing. Instead of spending the rest of his life in prison, Hinckley would be committed to a mental hospital, where he could be treated for his illness.People who are against the use of an insanity defense say that criminals like Hinckley do know what they are doing. 59 of the insanity defense say that everyone who commits a serious crime like Hinckley’s could be said to be mentally ill. Otherwise, the person would not commit the crime 60 . There are many people who struggle with severe mental illness who do not commit crimes. The illnesses should not be used as a(n) 61 for violent behavior.People who 62 the insanity defense believe that mental illnesses are not always treatable.Psychologists have been able to detect patterns of behavior. These mental detectives have 63 evidence that a person can be insane but seem normal. Hinckley and others with 64 conditions suffer from delusions (错觉). Even though people with delusions may seem normal, the world does not appear to them as it does to other people. Therefore, experts say, such people cannot be held to the rules of behavior other people are held to. Their punishments should be 65 .51. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Moreover52. A. hurt B. healthy C. safe D. guilty53. A. kicked off B. cleared up C. let out D. put away54. A. confessing B. starting C. planning D. discovering55. A. sentenced B. punished C. annoyed D. defended56. A. insanity B. truth C. responsibility D. difference57. A. judges B. psychologists C. experts D. detectives58. A. mature B. independent C. normal D. capable59. A. Opponents B. Onlookers C. Victims D. Researchers60. A. on the contrary B. by this means C. in the first place D. at the same time61. A. example B. excuse C. defense D. idea62. A. study B. refuse C. transform D. support63. A. destroyed B. compared C. examined D. gathered64. A. realistic B. ordinary C. similar D. treatable65. A. severe B. negotiable C. acceptable D. legalSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Are we too slow to praise and quick to blame? It seems we are.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, we are somehow 51 to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. To make matters worse, most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of 52 .It’s strange how chary(吝啬的) we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. 53 , we are embarrassed and shrug off(不予理睬) the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this 54 reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us 55 , in a letter or passed on by a friend. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful(恶意的) remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to pass 56 comments.It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas where effort generally goes unnoticed or 57 . An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your 58manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right?Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing 59 jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses －even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, ―What a tidy room‖? Hardly anybody does. Shakespeare said, ―Our praises are our wages.‖ Since so often praise is the only 60 a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Teachers agree about the value of praise. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more 61 results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting 62 on them. ―I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,‖ writes the teacher, ―and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin(空白处) to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.‖To give praise 63 the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment’s effort. It is such a small 64 . And yet consider the results it may produce. ―I can live for two months on a good compliment,‖ said Mark Twain. So, let’s be 65 to the small excellences around us —and comment on them. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, add happiness into our own.51. A. guilty B. impatient C. fortunate D. reluctant52. A. charity B. criticism C. chemical D. command53. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise54. A. extreme B. immediate C. defensive D. positive55. A. naturally B. indirectly C. similarly D. closely56. A. pleasing B. unfair C. interesting D. objective57. A. unchanged B. unmatched C. unmentioned D. unemployed58. A. hotel B. personnel C. sales D. laundry59. A. ideal B. routine C. demanding D. steady60. A. wage B. chance C. input D. support61. A. inevitable B. constructive C. disappointing D. concrete62. A. frequently B. occasionally C. critically D. favorably63. A. highlights B. provides C. costs D. signals64. A. achievement B. challenge C. investment D. substitute65. A. certain B. alert C. resistant D. superiorSection ATwo friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. 51 , according to an official report on youth violence, ―in our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence‖. Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage 52 the way they are taught to solve math problemsor stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is 53 . A report indicates that most violent inc idents between students begin with a relatively minor 54 . For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. 55the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn’t in thesandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can 56 the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude wordsand accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, 57 words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key 58 for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to make the speaker’s position clear. Then the two people should change 59 .60 , students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what’s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to 61 . For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes 62 , the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn’t, 63 thought helps both sides figure out a bettersolution.After students started a conflict resolution, there has been an increase in student 64 . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students 65 friends,teachers, parents, bosses and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.51.A. As a result B. In fact C. By contrast D. On the contrary52.A. conflict B. lives C. relationships D. affairs53. A. violent B. global C. unresolved D. unavoidable54.A. remark B. assumption C. insult D. resolution55.A. Preferencefor B. Particularity aboutC. Complaint overD. Laughter over56.A. interpret B. practice C. assess D. bend57.A. soft B. tough C. critical D. clear58.A. measure B. strategy C. assessment D. application59.A. responses B. attitudes C. roles D. intentions60.A. Contrarily B. Relatively C. Consequently D. Finally61.A. accomplish B. ignore C. foresee D. seek62.A. wider B. clearer C. more complex D. more critical63.A. unselfish B. initial C. inspiring D. careful64.A. cooperation B. argument C. gratitude D. support65.A. admire B. select C. deal with D. back upIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.While residents of wealthy nations tend to have greater life satisfaction, new research shows that those living in poorer nations report having greater meaning in life.These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations __51__ greater religiosity(笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less __52__ to people’s lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.―Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always __53__ longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,‖ explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. ―Given that meaning in life is an important aspect o f overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential __54__, correlates(相关物), and predictors for meaning in life.‖Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign __55__ life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a __56__ survey of over 140,000 participants from 132 countries. __57__ answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: ―Do you feel your life has an important __58__ ormeaning?‖ and ―Is religion an important part of your daily life?‖The data revealed some unexpected __59__:―Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life,‖ says Oishi. ―But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely __60__ pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction.‖When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries –all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a __61__ lower sense of meaning in life.‖The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported __62__ meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it __63__ people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive meas ures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in __64__ countries over time to track whether economic __65__ gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.51. A. by means of B. as a result of C. for the sake of D. with regard to52. A. central B. ideal C. formal D. superior53. A. related with B. combined with C. associated with D. represented with54. A. models B. styles C. designs D. patterns55. A. investigated B. diagnosed C. explored D. exploited56. A. nationwide B. thorough C. complete D. large-scale57. A. Except for B. Instead of C. Rather than D. In addition to58. A. opportunity B. temptation C. purpose D. definition59. A. trends B. practices C. outlooks D. currents60. A. precious B. similar C. relevant D. different61. A. exactly B. significantly C. adequately D. partially62. A. better B. less C. more D. fewer63. A. allows B. requests C. reminds D. helps64. A. following B. chasing C. pursuing D. predicting65. A. priority B. profit C. prosperity D. potentialSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New research offers fresh insight on when to launch a product or service, and shows that being first to market isn’t always a competitive advantage.In 2004, David Cohen had an idea for a social network for mobile phones that would connect users in the real world. His company, called iContact, launched a beta version ( 测试版 ), and seemed ready to tap the muchpublicized mobile software market. Cohen, then 36, had already founded a successful software company. __51__, after 18 months, he was unable to get phone carriersto distribute his software, and he closed the company.Bets on mobile applications didn’t begin to __52__ until Apple’s iPhone app stor eopened the market in 2008.Conventional __53__ says being first to market creates a competitive advantage. Reality is more complicated. Market opportunities are __54__ opening and closing, and a hit idea at one point could be a failure a year earlier or a yawning ― me too ‖ business a year later. It’s tough---likely __55__ ---to identify the best moment to enter a market, but common sense dictates new entrepreneurs ( 创业人) can improve their odds ( 机会) if they __56__ how much they bearto gain or lose by waiting.New academic research suggests one way entrepreneurs can __57__whether they should enter a market first or wait on the sidelines. The decision depends on how hostile ( 不利的) the learning environment is; __58__, how much entrepreneurs can learn by observing other players before they __59__, compared to what they learn from participating after they enter, according toMoren Levesque, an entrepreneurship researcher at the University of Waterloo. Levesque, along with professors Maria Minniti of Southern Methodist University and Dean Shepherd of Indiana University, used a mathematical __60__ to weigh the risks and benefits of entering the market early. Their research is among the first to explore ― how different learning environments may influence the ent ry behavior of entrepreneurs.‖The key tothe academics’ findings on timing is this: In a hostile learning environment, entrepreneurs gain relatively __61__ benefit by watching others. For example, if the relevant knowledge is __62__intellectual property, studying the market before entering wouldn’t yield much advantage. In these situations, the trade-off ( 权衡利弊) __63__ entering early. But in less hostile learning environments, where entrepreneurs gain valuable information __64__to increase their success just by watching other companies, companies benefit from waiting and learning lessons from earlier players. IContact’s successors, for example, may have learned from watching the company’s trouble in getting mobile networks to distribute their software, a b arrier that was __65__ by the iPhone’s app store.51.A. Otherwise B. Moreover C.However D. Therefore52.A. pay in B. pay back C. pay for D. pay off53.A. custom B. wisdom C. habit D. experience54.A. completely B. confusingly C. constantly D. increasingly55.A. impossible B. possible C. potential D. manageable56.A. imagine B. interpret C. weigh D. measure57. A. value B. evaluate C. ensure D. convince58.A. after all B. as a result C.in other words D.in addition59.A. launch B. campaign C. strike D. function60. A. version B. pattern C. example D. model61.A. few B. many C. little D. much62.A. provided B. protected C. shared D. improved63.A. favors B. dislikes C. opposes D. concerns64.A. unlikely B. likely C. unbelievable D. questionable65.A. lowered B. created C. resolved D. removed。
2016年上海静安区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2016年上海静安区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、词汇填空1、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第1~8题Exploration of the PolesThe North Pole and South Pole are at the top and bottom of theEarth,1you won't find an actual pole to mark the place. The poles are the northernmost and southernmost points on the planet. The poles are the most unfriendly environments on Earth.In the early 1900s, explorers competed to become the first2（ reach ）the South Pole. From 1901 to 1904, British naval officer Robert Scott made the first attempt. Scottgot3（ far） south than anyone had been before, but he failed to reach the pole.In 1909, Ernest Shackleton of Britain led an expedition across Antarctica on sleds pulled by dogs. They were only about 100 miles （about 160 kilometers） from the SouthPole4 a shortage of food forced them to turn back.Scott finally reached the South Pole in January 1912.But5（disappoint） Scott found that Roald Amundsen had beaten him by one month. Amundsen's expedition arrived at the pole in December 1911. Amundsenwas6experienced Arctic explorer, and he had made careful preparations, Scott and his companions died of injury, cold, and hunger on their return from the pole.In 1914, Shackleton7（ plan ） another expedition to the South Pole. But his ship was crushed by ice, and he had to cross 800 miles （l300 kilometers） of freezing sea in a tiny boat to survive. Shackleton then returned to save his stranded men. It was one of the greatest rescue feats in history.In 1929, Arctic explorer Richard Byrd became the first person who flew over the South Pole. Byrd later pioneered the idea of8（ set） up permanent stations for scientific research in Antarctica. A station called the Amundsen—Scott Base has stood at the South Pole since 1977.2、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第9~16题Teaching in front of a cameraWageningen University is keen on developing forms of education that reach people all over the world. The basics of the course topics are covered in short films and three-minute to seven-minutepresentations1（ use ） techniques such as animation and voiceover（画外音）.The online Master's programmes are quite different from the large-scale MOOCs （在线课程）, explains Busstra. In the Master's courses，the short "knowledge dips" （短片） dealing with the essential topics2（ link ） to an assignment directly to help the students actively absorb the knowledge themselves. Teachers can also use them to test3the material has come across well. Busstra says:"The teacher has to think up new ways of working-getting students to make a film clip, for instance,4they present a research setup they have thought up themselves, or to respond to someone else's idea, or to work on a document in groups."The students also get the chance to post a question while they are watching an online film-equivalent of putting your hand up during a lecture. Fellow students and teachers can then answer the question online."There are a lot of misunderstandings about online education," says Busstra, "one of thembeing5there is only one waycommunication.6people are gradually gaining confidence in it. It will stay typically Wageningen: small-scale and based on interaction and group work."The investment7online learning is paying off in the regular education programme too, according to Busstra. Students in Wageningen can pick up the basics at home through the knowledge clips. During lectures, teachers8then provide more in-depth analysis, talk about their own work and supervise students more personally." Increasingly, on-campus and online education will no longer be two separate worlds,” expects Busstra.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第17~26题2018~2019学年上海黄浦区上海市大同中学高二下学期期末第31~40题10分(每题1分) We are familiar with pop culture, but what is peep culture? In pop culture, we turn on the TV and watch our favourite celebrities1us with their performances. In peep culture, we turn on the computer, we move through people's lives on reality TV, blogs, Facebook and YouTube. Instead of getting our entertainment from scripted performances, we get our entertainment from peeping into other people's lives. It can be friends and family. But it's just likely to be people we have never met from around the world.Suddenly, we spend all of our time2other people. And we also invite them to watch us!People3themselves to get attention and to feel like they are part of a community. In peep culture, ordinary people are turned into celebrities.This has never happened before, turning the spotlight on4regular people. There aren't secrets anymore. The notion of private life has changed.As society has become5fast-paced, most of us are really unaware of these changes in our lives. We are moving into a time when our6personality is going to be more important than our actual physical7. What we have online is going to be more important than what we do offline. We are now socially judged by our virtual profiles.In the age of "peep culture, " a tell-all, know-all digital phenomenonis8changing notions of privacy, individuality, security, and even humanity. Susan Boyle became a(n)9celebrity because of peep culture. The entire world was staring at her after her10from a resident of a small Scottish town to a global celebrity. We like the story because she's like a movie, but she's real.A. chasingB. dramaticallyC. entertainD. extremelyE. overnightF. presenceG. revealH. trackingI. transformationJ. virtualK. random三、完形填空4、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第27~41题New research offers fresh insight on when to launch a product or service, and shows that being first to market isn't always a competitive advantage.In 2004, David Cohen had an idea for a social network for mobile phones that would connect users in the real world. His company, called iContact，launched a beta version （测试版）, and seemed ready to tap the much publicized mobile software market. Cohen, then 36, had already founded a successful software company.1, after 18 months, he was unable to get phone carriers to distribute his software, and he closed the company.Bets on mobile applications didn't begin to2until Apple's iPhone app store opened the market in 2008.Conventional3says being first to market creates a competitive advantage. Reality is more complicated. Market opportunities are4opening and closing, and a hit idea at one point could be a failure a year earlier or a yawning "me too" business a year later. It's tough—likely5—to identity the best moment to enter a market, but common sense dictates new entrepreneurs （创业人） can improve their odds （机会）ifthey6how much they bear to gain or lose by waiting.New academic research suggests one way entrepreneurs can7whether they should enter a market first or wait on the sidelines. The decision depends on how hostile （不利的）the learning environment is;8, how much entrepreneurs can learn by observing other players before they9, compared to what they learn from participating after they enter, according to Moren Levesque, an entrepreneurship researcher at the University of Waterloo. Levesque, along with professors Maria Minniti of Southern Methodist University and Dean Shepherd of Indiana University, used a mathematical10to weigh the risks and benefits of entering the market early. Their research is among the first to explore "how different learning environments may influence the entry behavior of entrepreneurs."The key to the academics' findings on timing is this: In a hostile learning environment, entrepreneurs gain relatively11benefit by watching others. For example, if the relevant knowledge is12intellectual property, studying the market before entering wouldn't yield much advantage. In these situations，the trade-off （权衡利弊）13entering early. But in less hostile learning environments, where entrepreneurs gain valuable information14to increase their success just by watching other companies, companies benefit from waiting and learning lessons from earlier players. I Contact successors, for example, may have learned from watching the company's trouble in getting mobile networks to distribute their software, a barrier that was15by the iPhone's app store.A. OtherwiseB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. ThereforeA. pay inB. pay backC. pay forD. pay offA. customB. wisdomC. habitD. experienceA. completelyB. consusinglyC. constantlyD. increasinglyA. impossibleB. possibleC. potentialD. manageableA. imagineB. interpretC. weighD. measureA. valueB. evaluateC. ensureD. convinceA. after allB. as a resultC. in other wordsD. in additionA. launchB. campaignC. strikeD. functionA. versionB. patternC. exampleD. modelA. fewB. manyC. littleD. muchA. providedB. protectedC. sharedD. improvedA. favorsB. dislikesC. opposesD. concernsA. unlikelyB. likelyC. unbelievableD. questionableA. loweredB. createdC. resolvedD. removed四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第42~45题Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally （in special environments） in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica.You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap. It's often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks （莲）are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger （触发）hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat—eating plants, says Barry Meyers—Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous （食肉的）Plant Society's Newsletter. Note: Despite any science—fiction stories you might have read, no meat—eating plant does any danger to humans.Dr. Meyers—Rice says a plant is meat—eating, only if it does all four of the following: attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat—eating plants look and act like other green plants—well, most of the time.All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis （光合作用）. Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes "meat—eating" plants different is their bug—catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen （氮）. Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. While almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil, "meat—eating" plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient—rich soil is poisonous to "meat—eating" plants. Never fertilize them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly.(1) According to the passage, carnivorous plants.A. only grow in wild fieldB. are rare to seeC. are as common as fliesD. cannot grow on Antarctica(2) Venus' flytrap preys on insects by.A. its numerous long and thin stalksB. a container where it growsC. its insect-catching leavesD. the lining of tiny trigger hairs(3) We can conclude from the third paragraph that.A. carnivorous plants are dangerousB. carnivorous plants are fictionalC. carnivorous plants occasionally eat booksD. carnivorous plants are harmless to humans(4) In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil.B. Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil.C. Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects.D. Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil.6、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第46~48题"Asia's Challenge 2020" Essay Prize DESCRIPTIONWhat is the most important challenge facing Asia over the next decade? Why? What should be done about it? The best answer in 3, 000 words or less will win a prize of $2, 500. Two runners—up will be awarded prizes of $1, 000 each. These three prize winners will be invited to Singapore for an expenses—paid awards ceremony. The winning articles will be posted on Time. com.PURPOSEThe main purpose of the essay prize is to generate fresh ideas for tackling key challenges to Asia's continued competitiveness and development, as well as encourage young professionals to make an impact on public policy and business in Asia.SELECTION CRITERIAThe essay will be judged according to creativity, innovation, rigor of research and writing, as well as achievability of idea. It can be focused on one or more areas relevant to Asia, such as macro—economics, business, international relations, trade and investment, education, healthcare, urban development, science and technology, and energy and the environment. The essay must be written in English. It should not have been previously published in English in a publication with broad international circulation. CANDIDATE REQUIREMENTSThe candidate authoring the essay must be under 32 years of age as of December 31, 2010. The candidate must be an Asian national.SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS**********************************************************************.combyAugust31, 2010. Prize winners will be announced in September 2010.The submission should contain the candidate's full name, nationality, and month and year of birth. The essay should include a title and word count.(1) What is the main purpose of the essay prize?A. To select young professionals of both ability and imagination.B. To predict the prospects of Asia in the next decade.C. To issue the challenges facing Asia.D. To inspire brilliant ideas for solving problems in Asia.(2) Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The winners of the essay prize can travel to Singapore for free.B. Articles published in local newspapers will not be accepted.C. Young people from Russia or Australia are excluded from the essay prize.D. The candidate's article can deal with several aspects of developments in Asia.(3) The candidate's article should be sent.A. by air mailB. by e-mailC. by surface mailD. by express mail7、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第49~53题According to Nielsen, the average number of mobile phone calls we make is dropping every year, after hitting a peak in 2007. And our calls are getting shorter: In 2005 they averaged three minutes in length; now they're almost half that.We are moving, in other words, toward a fascinating cultural transition: the death of the telephone call. This shift is particularly plain among the young. Some college students I know go days without talking into their smartphones at all.This generation doesn't make phone calls, because everyone is in constant, lightweight contact in so many other ways: texting, chatting, and social-network messaging. And we don't just have more options than we used to. We have better ones: These new forms of communication have exposed the fact that the voice call is badly designed. It deserves to die. Consider: If I suddenly decide I want to dial you up, I have no way of knowing whether you're busy, and you have no idea why I'm calling.We have to open Schrodinger's box every time, having a conversation to figure out whether it's OK to have a conversation. Plus, voice calls are emotionally high-bandwidth, which is why it's so weirdly exhausting to be interrupted by one. （We apparently find voicemail even more torturous: Studies show that more than a fifth of all voice messages are never listened to.）The telephone, in other words, doesn't provide any information about status, so we are constantly interrupting one another. The other tools at our disposal are more polite. Instant messaging lets us detectwhether our friends are busy without our annoying them, and texting lets us ping one another but not at the same time. （Plus, we can spend more time thinking about what we want to say.） Despite the hue and cry about becoming an "always on" society, we're actually moving away from the demand that everyone should be available immediately.We'll still make fewer phone calls, as most of our former phone time will migrate to other media. But the calls we do make will be longer, reserved for the sort of deep discussion that the medium does best.As video chatting becomes more common, enabled by the new iPhone and other devices, we might see the growth of persistent telepresence, leaving video-chat open all day so we can speak to a spouse or colleague spontaneously. Or, to put it another way, we'll call less but talk more.(1) The writer of the text thinks that what is happening with mobile phone callsis.A. an unexpected occurrenceB. a strange but very predictable factC. an interesting social phenomenonD. negative for social interaction(2) In paragraph 3, the writer's attitude towards phone voice calls is.A. doubtfulB. concernedC. positiveD. negative(3) The phrase "hue and cry" in paragraph 5 means.A. appealB. protestC. claimD. argument(4) What does the writer think will happen to voice calls in the future?A. They will only be used in emergencies.B. They will continue to get more expensive.C. They will only be used between family members.D. They will be used mainly for intimate and detailed discussions.(5) What is the best title of the passage?A. Video ChattingB. Talking into SmartphonesC. The Death of the Phone CallD. Mobile Phone Calls五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第54~57题Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts, many other Americans will go without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12 million households lack enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year—including holidays.Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country—one of the world's wealthiest—yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one—quarter of our total supply.Reducing this improper distribution of resources is a goal of America's Second Harvest, the nation's largest domestic hunger—relief organization. Last year, it distributed nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need.America's Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter—connected food banks and other organizations that gather food from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants. In turn, the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup kitchens,homeless shelters and old people's centers in every county of every state.A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of donors to thousands of small, nonprofit organizations. Until a few years ago, America's Second Harvest lacked any effective way to manage their inventory （存货）. Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to spoil in loading places.In 2000, America's Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial—management system—Ceres. It is software designed specifically for hunger—relief operations. It is used by more than 100 America's Second Harvest organizations to track food from donation to distribution.Ceres has helped reduce the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined（提高效率） food banks' operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves time, frees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and promises more efficient use of donations.Hunger in America remains a troubling social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as America's Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference—and helping more Americans to join in the feast.（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.）(1) What is the total supply of food in America every year according to the passage?(2) By "this improper distribution of resources"in Paragraph 3, the writer means that many Americans food while others food.(3) What problem was America's Second Harvest faced with in distributing food before Ceres was created?(4) Thankstoprovided by Ceres, more staff are freed to be committed to finding new donors and America's Second Harvest is able to give out food more efficiently.六、翻译9、【来源】 2016年上海静安区高三一模第58~62题翻译(1) 有可能防止金融危机将来再次发生吗？（possible）(2) 除非采取紧急措施，否则我们的计划将泡汤。
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静安区2015学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测英语试卷2016. 1考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-13页）和第II卷（第13-14页），全卷共14页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Teacher. B. Repairman. C. Shop assistant. D. Doctor.2. A. At home. B. At school. C. In the hospital. D. On the street.3. A. His new job is too difficult for him.B. He is used to his new job.C. He is still trying to get used to his new job.D. He doesn’t like his new job.4. A. 15 dollars. B. 14 dollars. C. 10 dollars. D. 12 dollars.5. A. She is surprised at her mum’s coming back so soon.B. She thinks that she is too slow.C. She wants the man to be quick.D. She will go out herself.6. A. She used to be in poor health. B. She was popular among boys.C. She was somewhat overweight.D. She didn’t do well at high school.7. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.8. A. Teaching her son by herself.B. Having confidence in her son.C. Asking the teacher for extra help.D. Telling her son not to worry.9. A. Have a short break. B. Take two weeks off.C. Continue her work outdoors.D. Go on vacation with the man.10. A. He is taking care of his twin brother.B. He has been feeling ill all week.C. He is worried about Rod.D. He has been in perfect condition.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Lawyer. B. Computer programmer.C. Blogger.D. Firefighter.12. A. 21% of all the employers. B. 1% of American teenagers.C. 79% of all the employers.D. 1% of American adults.13. A. With many bloggers, America is sure to win her reputation in the world.B. Washington is the city which has most bloggers in America.C. There are fewer employees of newspapers than a few years ago.D. The topics of blogging cover almost every area of people’s daily life.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. In the Town Hall. B. In a community.C. In somebody’s house.D. In a stadium.15. A. The equal job, the equal pay.B. The best way of cooking and cleaning.C. The women’s liberation movement.D. Women’s ability to be good leaders.16. A. Women’s responsibility of child raising.B. Women’s ability to do anything im portant.C. Not only concrete issues but also attitude and beliefs.D. How to take jobs and help others.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Exploration of the PolesThe North Pole and South Pole are at the top and bottom of the Earth, (25)_______________you won’t find an actual pole to mark the place. The poles are the northernmost and southernmost points on the planet. The poles are the most unfriendly environments on Earth.In the early 1900s, explorers competed to become the first (26)_______________ ( reach ) the South Pole. From 1901 to 1904, British naval officer Robert Scott made the first attempt. Scott got (27)_______________ ( far ) south than anyone had been before, but he failed to reach the pole.In 1909, Ernest Shackleton of Britain led an expedition across Antarctica on sleds pulled by dogs. They were only about 100 miles (about 160 kilometers) from the South Pole (28)_______________ a shortage of food forced them to turn back.Scott finally reached the South Pole in January 1912. But (29)_______________ ( disappoint ) Scott found that Roald Amundsen had beaten him by one month. Amundsen’s expedition arrived at the pole in December 1911. Amundsen was (30)_______________ experienced Arctic explorer, and he had made careful preparations. Scott and his companions died of injury, cold, and hunger on their return from the pole.In 1914, Shackleton (31)_______________ ( plan ) another expedition to the South Pole. But his ship was crushed by ice, and he had to cross 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) of freezing sea in a tiny boat to survive. Shackleton then returned to save his strandedmen. It was one of the greatest rescue feats in history.In 1929, Arctic explorer Richard Byrd became the first person who flew over the South Pole. Byrd later pioneered the idea of(32)_______________ ( set )up permanent stations for scientific research in Antarctica. A station called the Amundsen-Scott Base has stood at the South Pole since 1977.( B )Teaching in front of a cameraWageningen University is keen on developing forms of education that reach people all over the world. The basics of the course topics are covered in short films and three-minute to seven-minute presentations (33)_______________ ( use ) techniques such as animationand voiceover ( 画外音).T he online Master’s programmes are quite different from the large-scale MOOCs (在线课程), explains Busstra. In the Master’s courses, the short “knowledge clips” ( 短片) dealing with the essential topics(34)_______________ ( link ) to an assignment directly to help the students actively absorbthe knowledge themselves. Teachers can also use them to test (35)_______________ the material has come across well. Busstra says: “ The teacher has to think up new ways of working---getting students to make a film clip, for instance,(36)_______________ _______________ they present a research setup they have thought up themselves, or to respond to someone else’s idea, or to work on a document in groups.” The students also get the chance to post a question while they are watch ing an online film---equivalent of putting your hand up during a lecture. Fellow students and teachers can then answer the question online. “ There are a lot of misunderstandings about online education, ” says Busstra, “ one of them being (37)_______________ there is only one way communication. (38)_______________people are gradually gaining confidence in it. It will stay typically Wageningen: small-scale and based on interaction and group work.”The investment (39)_______________ online learning is paying off in the regular education programme too, according to Busstra. Students in Wageningen can pick up the basics at home through the knowledge clips. During lectures, teachers(40)_______________ then provide more in-depth analysis, talk about their own work and supervise students more personally. “Increasingly, on-campus and online education will no longer be two separate worlds,” expects Busstra.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Weare familiar with pop culture, but what is peep culture? In pop culture, we turn on the TV and watch our favouritecelebrities __41__ us with their performances. In peep culture, we turn on the computer, we move through people’s lives on reality TV, blogs, Face book and You Tube. Instead of getting our entertainment from scripted performances, we get our entertainment from peeping into other people’s lives. It can be friends and family. But it’s just likely to be people we have never met from around the world.Suddenly, we spend all of our time __42__ other people. And we also invite them to watch us! People __43__ themselves to get attention and to feel like they are part of a community. In peep culture, ordinary people are turned into celebrities.This has never happened before, turning the spotlight on __44__regular people. There aren’t secrets anymore. The notion of private life has changed.As society has become __45__ fast-paced, most of us are really unaware of these changes in our lives. We are moving into a time when our __46__ personality is going to be more important than our actual physical __47__. What we have online is going to be more important than what we do offline. We are now socially judged by our virtual profiles.In the age of “ peep culture, ” a tell-all, show-all, know-all digital phenomenon is __48__ changing notions of privacy, individuality, security, and even humanity. Susan Boyle became a(n) __49__ celebrity because of peep culture. The entire world was staring at her after her __50__ from a resident of a small Scottish town to a global celebrity. We like the story because she’s like a movie,but she’s real.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New research offers fresh insight on when to launch a product or service, and shows that being first to market isn’t always a competitive advantage.In 2004, David Cohen had an idea for a social network for mobile phones that would connect users in the real world. His company, called iContact, launched a beta version ( 测试版 ), and seemed ready to tap the muchpublicized mobile software market. Cohen, then 36, had already founded a successful software company. __51__, after 18 months, he was unable to get phone carriersto distribute his software, and he closed the company.Bets on mobile applications didn’t begin to __52__ until Apple’s iPhone app storeopenedthe market in 2008.Conventional __53__ says being first to market creates a competitive advantage. Reality is more complicated. Market opportunities are __54__ opening and closing, and a hit idea at one p oint could be a failure a year earlier or a yawning “ me too ” business a year later. It’s tough---likely __55__ ---to identify the best moment to enter a market, but common sense dictates new entrepreneurs ( 创业人) can improve their odds ( 机会) if they __56__ how much they bearto gain or lose by waiting.New academic research suggests one way entrepreneurs can __57__whether they should enter a market first or wait on the sidelines. The decision depends on how hostile ( 不利的) the learning environment is; __58__, how much entrepreneurs can learn by observing other players before they __59__, compared to what they learn from participating after they enter, according to Moren Levesque, an entrepreneurship researcher at the University of Waterloo. Levesque, along with professors Maria Minniti of Southern Methodist University and Dean Shepherd of Indiana University, used a mathematical __60__ to weigh the risks and benefits of entering the market early. Their research is among the first to explore “ how different learning environments may influence the entry behavior of entrepreneurs.”The key tothe academics’ findings on timing is this: In a hostile learning environment, entrepreneurs gain relatively __61__ benefit by watching others. For example, if the relevant knowledge is __62__intellectual property, studying the market before entering wouldn’t yield much advantage. In these situations, the trade-off ( 权衡利弊) __63__ entering early. But in less hostile learning environments, where entrepreneurs gain valuable information __64__to increase their success just by watching other companies, companies benefit from waiting and learning lessons from earlier players. IContact’s successors, for example, may have learned from watching the company’s trouble in getting mobile networks to distribute their software, a barrier that was __65__ by the iPhone’s app store.51. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C.However D. Therefore52. A. pay in B. pay back C. pay for D. pay off53. A. custom B. wisdom C. habit D. experience54. A. completely B. confusingly C. constantly D. increasingly55. A. impossible B. possible C. potential D. manageable56. A. imagine B. interpret C. weigh D. measure57. A. value B. evaluate C. ensure D. convince58. A. after all B. as a result C.in other words D.in addition59. A. launch B. campaign C. strike D. function60. A. version B. pattern C. example D. model61. A. few B. many C. little D. much62. A. provided B. protected C. shared D. improved63. A. favors B. dislikes C. opposes D. concerns64. A. unlikely B. likely C. unbelievable D. questionable65. A. lowered B. created C. resolved D. removedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, spiders, a nd even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift store s, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger (触发) hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.The Venus’ flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous ( 食肉的) Plant Society’s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: “attract, kill, digest, and absorb”some form of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants---well, most of the time.All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis (光合作用). Plants use the sugar to mak e food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen (氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. While almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the s oil,“ meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.66. According to the passage, carnivorous plants ___________.A. only grow in wild fieldB. are rare to seeC. are as common as fliesD. cannot grow on Antarctica67. Venus’ flytrap preys on insects by ___________.A. its numerous long and thin stalksB. a container where it growsC. its insect-catching leavesD. the lining of tiny trigger hairs68. We can conclude from the third paragraph that ___________.A. carnivorous plants are dangerousB. carnivorous plants are fictionalC. carnivorous plants occasionally eat booksD. carnivorous plants are harmless to humans69. In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil.B. Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil.C. Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects.D. Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil( B )“ Asia’s Challenge 2020 ” Essay PrizeDESCRIPTIONWhat is the most important challenge facing Asia over the next decade? Why? What should be done about it?The best answer in 3,000 words or less will win a prize of $2,500. Two runners-up will be awarded prizes of $1,000 each. These three prize winners will be invited to Singapore for an expenses-paid awards ceremony. The winning articles will be posted on Time. com. PURPOSEThe main purpose of the essay prize is to generate fresh ideas for tackling key challenges to Asia’s continued competitiveness and development, as well as encourage young professionals to make an impact on public policy and business in Asia.SELECTION CRITERIAThe essay will be judged according to creativity, innovation, rigor of research and writing, as well as achievability of idea. It can be focused on one or more areas relevant to Asia, such as macro-economics, business, international relations, trade and investment, education, healthcare, urban development, science and technology, and energy and the environment. The essay must be written in English. It should not have been previously published in English in a publication with broad international circulation.CANDIDATE REQUIREMENTSThe candidate authoring the essay must be under 32 years of age as of December 31, 2010. The candidate must be an Asian national.SUBMISSIONREQUIREMENTSThe essay should be submitted electronically to prize@ asiabusinesscouncil. Org. by August 31, 2010. Prize winners will be announced in September 2010.The submission should contain the candidate’s full name, nationality, and month and year of birth. The essay should include a title and word count.70. What is the main purpose of the essay prize?A. To select young professionals of both ability and imagination.B. To predict the prospects of Asia in the next decade.C. To issue the challenges facing Asia.D. To inspire brilliant ideas for solving problems in Asia.71. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The winners of the essay prize can travel to Singapore for free.B. Articles published in local newspapers will not be accepted.C.Young people from Russia or Australia are excluded from the essay prize.D. The candidate’s article can deal with several aspects of developments in Asia.72. The candidate’s article should be sent ___________.A. by air mailB. by e-mailC. by surface mailD. by express mail( C )According to Nielsen, the average number of mobile phone calls we make is dropping every year, after hitting a peak in 2007. And our calls are getting shorter: In 2005 they averaged three minutes in length; now they’re almost half that.We are moving, in other words, toward a fascinating cultural transition: the death of the telephone call. This shift is particularlyplainamong the young. Some college students I know go days without talking into their smartphones at all.This generation doesn’t make phone calls, becaus e everyone is in constant, lightweight contact in so many other ways: texting, chatting, and social-network messaging. And we don’t just have more options than we used to. We have better ones: These new forms of communication have exposed the fact that the voice call is badly designed. It deserves to die. Consider: If I suddenly decide I want to dial you up, I have no way of knowing whether you’re busy, and you have no idea why I’m calling.We have to open Schrödinger’s box every time, having a conversation to figure out whether it’s OK to have a conversation. Plus, voice calls are emotionally high-bandwidth, which is why it’s so weirdly exhausting to be interrupted by one. ( We apparently find voicemail even more torturous: Studies show that more than a fifth of all voice messages are never listened to. )The telephone, in other words, doesn’t provide any information about status, so we are constantly interrupting one another. The other tools at our disposal are more polite. Instant messaging lets us detect whether our friends are busy without our annoying them, and texting lets us ping one another but not at the same time. ( Plus, we can spend more time thinking about what we want to say. ) Despite the hue and cry about becoming an “ always on ” society, we’re actually moving away from the demand that everyone should be available immediately.We’ll still make fewer phone calls, as most of our former phone time will migrate to other media. But the calls we do make will be longer, reserved for the sort of deep discussion that the medium does best.As video chatting becomes more common, enabled by the new iPhone and other devices, we might see the growth of persistent telepresence, leaving video-chat open all day so we can speak to a spouse or colleague spontaneo usly. Or, to put it another way, we’ll call less but talk more.73. The writer of the text thinks that what is happening with mobile phone calls is ________.A. an unexpected occurrenceB. a strange but very predictable factC. an interesting social phenomenonD. negative for social interaction74. In paragraph 3, the writer’s attitude towards phone voice calls is __________.A. doubtfulB. concernedC. positiveD. negative75. The phrase “ hue and cry ” in paragraph 5 means __________.A. appealB. protestC. claimD. argument76. What does the writer think will happen to voice calls in the future?A. They will only be used in emergencies.B. They will continue to get more expensive.C. They will only be used between family members.D. They will be used mainly for intimate and detailed discussions.77. What is the best title of the passage?A. Video ChattingB. Talking into SmartphonesC. The Death of the Phone CallD. Mobile Phone callsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts, many other Americans will go without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12 million households lack enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year---including holidays.Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country---one of the world’s wealthiest---yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one-quarter of our total supply.Reducing this improper distribution of resources is a goal of America’s Second Harvest, the nation’s largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year, it distributed nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need.America’s Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations that gather food from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants. In turn, the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup kitchens,homeless shelters and old people’s centers in every county of every state.A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of donors to thousands of small, nonp rofit organizations. Until a few years ago, America’s Second Harvest lacked any effective way to manage their inventory ( 存货 ). Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to spoil in loadingplaces.In 2000, America’s Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system---Ceres. It is software designed specifically for hunger-relief operations. It is used by more than 100 America’s Second Harvest organizations to track food from donation to distribution.Ceres has helped reduce the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined( 提高效率 )food banks’ operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves time, frees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and promises more efficient use of donations.Hunger in America remains a troubling social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as America’s Sec ond Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference---and helping more Americans to join in the feast.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78.What is the total supply of food in America every year according to the passage ?_____________________________________________________________.79.By “ this improper distribution of resources ” in Paragraph 3, the writer means thatmany Americans ____________________________food while others ____________________________ food.80.What problem was America’s Second Harvest faced with in distributing food beforeCeres was created?_____________________________________________________________.81.Thanks to ____________________________________________________ provided byCeres, more staff are freed to be committed to finding new donors and America’s Second Harvest is able to give out food more efficiently.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.有可能防止金融危机将来再次发生吗？( possible )2.除非采取紧急措施，否则我们的计划将泡汤。