为奴十二年开题报告
《为奴十二年》的意指理论解读word精品文档6页
《为奴十二年》的意指理论解读2014年,史蒂夫?麦奎因导演的电影《为奴十二年》收获了奥斯卡、金球奖等众多奖项。
电影改编自所罗门?诺瑟普1853年所著自传体小说《为奴十二年》。
《为奴十二年》传达的勇敢无畏,令读者难忘。
意指一直都是黑人的职业。
所罗门继承了非裔人民擅长运用意指传达心声的传统,探析了命名的意指;分析了文本意指,包括对《道格拉斯自传》的继承性意指和对《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的改写性意指。
基于盖茨的意指理论的分析,《为奴十二年》不仅是一部纪实作品,而且为非裔文学提供了很高的研究价值。
所罗门?诺瑟普和《为奴十二年》所罗门?诺瑟普(Solomon Northup,July 1808―1863),美国黑人,他于1808年出生在纽约密涅瓦。
1841年,自由黑人身份的所罗门?诺瑟普,在华盛顿被绑架,成为奴隶。
1853年,重获自由的所罗门?诺瑟普将自己的人生经历写成了一部自传体小说――《为奴十二年》。
该部小说以他作为奴隶的十二年经历为主线,控诉了奴隶制的历史是一部血泪和心酸史。
从1841年到1853年,在这12年中,所罗门?诺瑟普从自由的纽约州萨拉托加被拐骗到了蓄奴的路易斯安那州。
在那里,他遭受了非人的虐待,但是他选择了隐藏身份和会读写的能力来逆境求生。
他隐忍了十二年,最终在一个进步人士的帮助下,写信给家人,得到了救助。
所罗门将他自己作为黑人种族的缩影,本部小说贯穿了自由、隐忍和救赎的话题,超越了黑人题材和奴隶制度本身,体现了黑人种族对生命礼赞的大爱!《为奴十二年》是一部荡气回肠的神曲,奏响了献给所罗门的赞歌,奏响了献给黑人种族的赞歌。
该部小说展示出了黑人文化的魅力,黑人灵歌的齐声合唱,带给了读者艺术的享受。
所罗门在十二年的为奴生涯中,他本人也在感受着这种艺术的魅力和享受,所以他无时无刻不在向往着自由,都在为了逃脱奴隶制而做准备,“我渴望自由,可奴隶的锁链绑住我,无法撼动。
我只能忧愁地凝视着北方,想着横亘在我和自由之地之间的数千里路,这是一个黑皮肤的自由人无法跨越的距离。
《为奴十二年》:理解奴隶制度与人权的斗争
《为奴十二年》:理解奴隶制度与人权的斗争1. 引言1.1 概述奴隶制度是人类历史上一种残酷而不公平的社会制度,奴隶们被剥夺了自由和人权,遭受着无尽的苦难和压迫。
然而,正是在这样的黑暗背景下,无数勇敢的奴隶和支持者为自由与尊严而进行了长期艰巨的斗争。
本文将通过对《为奴十二年》这部作品的分析,深入探讨奴隶制度及其与人权之间的纠葛。
1.2 文章结构本文将分为五个主要部分来展开讨论。
首先,在第二部分中我们将回顾奴隶制度的历史背景,了解其起源、发展以及对社会经济体系产生的影响。
接着,在第三部分中我们将简要概括《为奴十二年》这部作品的故事情节,并分析其中反映出来的奴隶制度问题。
在第四部分中,我们将关注于奴隶与主人之间的权力关系、奴隶抵抗运动以及在这个过程中人权观念如何挣扎和进步。
最后,在第五部分中我们将对奴隶制度与人权斗争的问题进行思考总结,并探讨其启示和现实意义。
1.3 目的通过本文的撰写,我们旨在深入理解奴隶制度的历史背景、《为奴十二年》这部作品中所揭示的奴隶制度问题,以及人权在奴隶制度下的挣扎和进步。
我们希望通过对过去不幸经历的真实故事的回望,引起读者对于人权平等重要性的思考,并认识到人类社会中仍然存在着不公平与压迫现象。
只有通过了解历史并从中吸取教训,我们才能为未来创造一个更加公正和自由的社会。
2. 奴隶制度的历史背景2.1 奴隶制度的起源奴隶制度可以追溯到古代文明的发展阶段。
最早的奴隶制度出现在古埃及、苏美尔和亚述等地,这些文明都建立了一个由奴役人口构成的劳动力阶层。
奴隶是通过战争、抢掠或债务等途径被捕获或购买来作为财产使用的。
然而,罗马帝国时期对奴隶制度的发展起到了决定性的推动作用。
罗马帝国以其庞大而强大的奴役劳工群体而闻名。
奴隶是罗马社会经济发展的基石,他们被用于从农业生产到矿山开采、建筑工程和家庭服务等各个领域。
罗马法律将奴隶完全视为财产,并赋予主人对其生命和自由的绝对控制权。
2.2 奴隶制度的发展与扩张随着殖民主义时代的到来,欧洲国家开始通过殖民地掠夺来满足他们日益增长的财富需求。
从美国奴隶史的视角下评(2)(1)
从美国奴隶史的视角下评《为奴十二年》种族歧视是美国社会的主要矛盾之一,最近更是爆发了大规模的反种族歧视抗议游行。
而这一社会现象的根源是美国奴隶史,了解这段历史,就能大概理解种族歧视为何在美国社会如此根深蒂固。
在2013年有部真实改编的电影,名为《为奴十二年》,它获得了奥斯卡最佳影片。
《为奴十二年》所讲述的,正是美国那段奴隶史。
尽管电影所呈现的只是美国奴隶史的冰山一角,但也足以让我们直观感受那段残酷的历史。
一、《为奴十二年》影片简介影片讲述一个生活在纽约的自由的黑人,受过教育且已婚。
随后遇到两个人,他们许诺在华盛顿帮他找一份工作,当所罗门到了华盛顿才发现自己被诱拐绑架了,从此开始了他的奴隶生涯。
经历多年磨难才依靠一个好心的加拿大人帮忙送信回家,经过一场诉讼,他重获自由。
二、《为奴十二年》影片原型发生的历史背景故事发生在1841年。
主角是纽约的自由黑人,也即非奴隶的黑人。
据统计,自由黑人在1840年时只占了美国所有黑人的13%。
换言之,美国当时大部分黑人都是奴隶。
起初,凭借精湛的小提琴演奏,主角过着幸福的生活。
但是,在一次出差中,主角被灌醉。
第二天醒来,他就发现自己被铁链锁在小黑屋,并被人告知,他已经变成了奴隶。
这种人口拐卖并非当时的奇闻。
尽管1808年已经禁止国际贩奴,但美国国内贩奴却很盛行。
主要原因在于经济。
当时,美国棉花工业快速发展,南方种植园主对黑奴有很高的需求。
国内贩奴甚至成了美国主要的经济活动之一,而且还有法律保护,黑奴被视为奴隶主的财产。
要知道,从华盛顿到林肯的72年间,有50年的总统都是奴隶主。
法律保护奴隶主,自然不奇怪。
三、《为奴十二年》电影中人物刻画尽管除了主角,其他角色都显得扁平化,但刻画好主角就是《为奴十二年》最大的成功之一。
在看完电影后,回想主角形象及其种种经历,只觉一言难尽,心情复杂。
事后一想,如果要理解主角的人物形象,大概可以从两个角度切入——变化与不变。
在电影的最初,主角是个单纯、善良、友好、诚实的自由黑人。
《为奴十二年》中的自由主义精神探析
《为奴十二年》中的自由主义精神探析广西国际商务职业技术学院莫颖【摘要】《为奴十二年》是导演蒂夫·麦奎因执导的一部反映黑暗奴隶制题材的倾心之作,影片通过对黑人奴隶所罗门为奴经历的描述,诠释了自由主义精神的内涵。
影片呼吁勇于反抗不公正的对待,为了实现自由勇于进行自我救赎,以及换位思考,尊重并重视他人的自由。
【关键词】《为奴十二年》自由主义精神【中图分类号】 G 【文献标识码】 A【文章编号】0450-9889(2015)04C-0114-02《为奴十二年》上映后给观众带来了极大的心理与灵魂震撼。
该部影片敢于正视美国的历史污点,对黑人奴隶制进行了深刻的揭露。
站在历史发展的视野,该片所叙述的内容已成为过去,只是美国发展中的一次惨痛的经历。
但从文化传承的角度出发,该片又散发着厚重的自由主义精神,对当今社会有着极大的警示意义。
一、影片简述《为奴十二年》是一部反映美国黑奴历史的影片,由著名导演史蒂夫·麦奎因执导,切瓦特·埃加福特、迈克尔·法斯宾德和露皮塔·尼永奥等联袂出演,上映于2013年12月。
在2014年第71届全球金像奖颁奖典礼上,该片荣获了最佳剧情奖。
而在第86届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上,该片又一举斩杀了最佳女配角奖、最佳改编剧本奖、最佳影片奖等多项殊荣。
影片又名《自由之心》、《被夺走的十二年》,故事情节根据真实故事而改编。
主人公所罗门·诺瑟普是一位颇具天赋的小提琴演奏家,与妻儿生活在纽约州的萨拉加斯普林斯,身份是一个自由民。
一次偶然的机会所罗门结识了两位白人,却被这两位白人骗到华盛顿变卖为黑奴。
虽然所罗门一再强调自己是自由民,但还是被奴隶贩子拉到市场上出售,并被改名为“普特拉”。
随后所罗门被种植园主福特所买去。
福特虽然是一位奴隶主,但信仰上帝,有些仁慈之心,也没有故意刁难所罗门。
在所罗门提出疏通水渠提高木材运输效率的对策后,福特出于感激送给他一把小提琴。
创伤理论视角下《为奴十二年》的解读
文学评论·外国文学创伤理论视角下《为奴十二年》的解读郭悦 哈尔滨师范大学摘 要:《为奴十二年》是一本自传体小说,作者所罗门•诺瑟普根据自己的亲身经历讲述了一个黑人平民十二年的为奴经历。
本文旨在运用创伤理论分析并解读以主人公所罗门为代表的黑奴们所受到的心理创伤、民族创伤以及黑人女奴们所受到的性别创伤。
关键词:创伤;奴隶作者简介:郭悦(1997-),女,汉族,黑龙江省绥化人,硕士,研究方向:英语语言文学、美国文学。
[中图分类号]:I106 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2019)-23-128-01一、民族创伤创伤理论是指当个人和群体觉得他们经历了可怕的事件,在群体意识上留下难以磨灭的痕迹,成为永久的记忆,根本且无可逆转的改变了他们的未来,创伤由此发生。
在文学界,广泛认为这一理论是由美国学者凯西 卡鲁斯提出的。
她认为创伤是某些人对某一突发性或灾难性事件的一次极不寻常的经历。
在文本《为奴十二年》中,主人公所罗门被迫为奴的南方种植园是奴隶制施行的主要地点。
无数的黑人奴隶在这里承受着同样的生理以及心理的双重创伤。
即使在北方,身为自由人的黑人也并不是完全融入这个社会的。
否则,生为自由人的所罗门也不会沦落至此。
还有一个例子,电影《绿皮书》中的一个片段是托尼的妻子多丽丝为了家里装修请了两位黑人工人,这两位黑人是有正当职位正当工作的普通人,但是在开工的那天,由于托尼上晚班所以白天都是在睡觉的,多丽丝的家人们都在托尼家看球赛,原因就是不放心多丽丝和两个黑人同处。
被吵醒的托尼并没有对此表示异议之后还扔掉了两位工人喝水用过的水杯。
所以即使在自由开放的北方,黑人这个族群也自始至终没有受到过公平对待。
被解救后的所罗门试图运用法律来为自己十二年的冤屈讨公道,他将最初绑架他并把他卖给奴隶贩子的两个白人起诉,在法庭上,两个白人矢口否认,而面对所罗门的证词法官决定不予理会并当庭释放了两个白人。
原因就是所罗门作为一个黑人,他的证词是不可信的。
《为奴十二年》中的英雄追寻自由之旅
第28卷 第9期 牡丹江大学学报 Vol.28 No.9 2019年9月 Journal of Mudanjiang University Sep. 2019 文章编号:1008-8717(2019)09-0072-03《为奴十二年》中的英雄追寻自由之旅吴 秀 珍(运河高等师范学校,江苏 徐州 221300)摘 要:小说《为奴十二年》是美国黑人作家所罗门·诺瑟普根据自己十二年的为奴经历而创作的一部介绍黑人奴隶苦难生活的小说。
他十二年的人生经历大致可以分为三个阶段:被迫与家人分离;作为奴隶的抗争及成长;回归家庭和社会。
这一历程也符合美国神话学作家约瑟夫·坎贝尔(Joseph Campbell)的英雄之旅。
本文将运用坎贝尔的单一神话模式来分析诺瑟普的艰难为奴历程,在逆境中同命运抗争,最终获得自由,回家和亲人团聚并把自己的经历写成书,让更多的人了解奴隶的卑微和这个不合理的残酷制度。
关键词:英雄;分离;成长;回归;自由中图分类号:I106.4 文献标识码:AA Hero’s Pursuit of Freedom in Twelve Years a SlaveWU Xiu-zhen(Yunhe Teachers’ College,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221300)Abstract:The novel Twelve Years a Slave written by a black American writer Solomon Northrop is about the miserable life of black slaves based on his twelve years’ experiences in servitude. His twelve-year life experience can be roughly divided into three stages: forced separation from his family; struggle and growth as a slave; and return to his family and society. This journey also coincides with the heroic journey of Joseph Campbell’s mythology. This article will use Campbell's single mythological model to analyze Northrop's difficult experiences as a slave, his struggle with fate in adversity, and eventually gain freedom and return home. Later he wrote down his own experiences into a book so that more people can understand the humility of slaves and this unreasonable cruel system.Key words: hero;separation;growth;return;freedom收稿日期:作者简介:2019-04-10吴秀珍(1978-),女,江苏邳州人,运河高等师范学校讲师,硕士,研究方向:现当代英美文学。
论《为奴十二年》中所体现出的反暴力精神
2024年为奴十二年读书心得体会
2024年为奴十二年读书心得体会引言:2024年对于我来说,是十分重要的一年。
这一年我迎来了我的高中毕业,也是我作为为奴学生的最后一年。
回顾这十二年的求学生涯,我有太多的感慨和收获。
通过这篇文章,将写下我在这十二年中的读书心得和体会,与大家共勉。
一、学习要有目标和计划在为奴十二年的学习中,我深刻体会到学习要有目标和计划的重要性。
没有明确的学习目标和计划,就会很容易迷失方向,甚至成为无头苍蝇般的学生。
因此,我每年都会制定一份详细的学习计划,将各科的内容和学习目标列出来,逐步实现。
二、时刻保持学习的激情十二年的读书,不可避免地会遇到各种困难和挫折。
但是,只要我们时刻保持学习的激情,就能够战胜任何困难。
我通过培养自己对知识的好奇心,不断探索新的领域和知识点,从而激发自己的学习兴趣。
学习变得更加有趣和享受,也更有动力去克服困难。
三、坚持多元化的学习在十二年的学习中,我发现单纯追求分数和成绩并不能带来真正的进步。
要想全面提高自己的能力,就需要坚持多元化的学习。
除了学校的课程,我积极参加各种课外活动,例如社团、竞赛、志愿者等,从中培养出很多实际应用的能力和技能。
这样的学习方式让我感觉到自己在不断成长和进步。
四、注重思考和总结读书不仅仅是被动地接受知识,更应该注重思考和总结。
通过思考和总结,我们可以对所学的知识进行归纳和梳理,从而加深对知识的理解和掌握。
我经常在学习后做思维导图、复习笔记和总结报告,这些方式都帮助我更好地理解和巩固所学的知识。
五、培养良好的学习习惯良好的学习习惯对于学习的效果和质量起着至关重要的作用。
为了培养良好的习惯,我尝试养成每日固定的学习时间和地点,保持规律的作息时间,避免拖延和浪费时间。
同时,我也学会了制定学习计划,将任务分解成小步骤,逐一完成。
这些习惯的养成让我在学习中更加高效和自律。
六、积极参与讨论和交流在学习过程中,积极参与讨论和交流是非常重要的。
通过与同学和老师的讨论,我们可以获得更多的观点和思维方式,有助于扩展我们的思路和视野。
《为奴十二年》的社会文化与价值表征剖析
《为奴十二年》的社会文化与价值表征剖析《为奴十二年》将奴隶制下主人公所罗门真实的苦难经历搬上银幕,将众人的目光再次聚焦于种族平等和民主自由的政治高度,持续引发全社会的反思。
本文从小说改编电影的转换作为切入点,从歌谣、镜头、叙事和服饰四个维度对影片中人物形象的塑造和情节氛围的选择进行阐释,以期能够更好地帮助大众捕捉创制者想要表达的情感要素和价值观念,体悟影片具有时代意义的社会文化和价值表征,继而实现自我认知的深化。
该片由所罗门·诺瑟普同名小说改编而成,由史蒂夫·麦奎因执导,并斩获第86届奥斯卡金像奖最佳影片。
该片不单反映了作者所罗门·诺瑟普的真人事迹,更是对黑人奴隶制的全面揭露与控诉。
虽然现在距废奴法案的颁布已150多年,但关注国际政治局势的人势必会发现奴隶制问题尚未彻底解决,这也就意味着不同民族与肤色之间的矛盾尚存,平等与自由的话题仍紧扣着社会脉搏。
电影是一种大众休闲娱乐的方式,但电影所承载的意义和内涵远非如此。
影片在传达一定的艺术价值并达到一定艺术追求的同时,传播或传递的应当是凸显时代特色的社会文化与价值取向,这是影片在超脱文学作品静的表达方式基础上的感官调动,尤其是对观众“视”与“声”的刺激的更全方位和立体的表征。
《为奴十二年》作为一部具有强烈政治色彩的影片,改编自所罗门·诺瑟普的亲身经历,以这个黑人小提琴演奏者的悲惨经历将黑奴贸易的不堪历史重新搬上银幕。
主人公作为黑人种族的一个缩影,放大的是整个社会大环境下黑人群体的屈辱和其所遭受的不公平待遇,从这个角度来说,以史为鉴可以让人们在多元化的交融浪潮中以更加包容和平等的胸怀来对待每个个体。
一、歌谣——声响文化的认同电影艺术较之于文学作品,可以兼顾视听的统一,既可以实现收获视觉刺激还可以捕获听觉的旋律,使人沉浸在情與景、声与心的氛围中。
[1]《为奴十二年》在故事的设置上并没有过多新奇之处,其一方面受到真实事件演绎的束缚,导致许多观众在观看影片伊始就料想到了结局,另一方面则是导演摒弃了惯有的艺术痕迹与手法,选择采用中规中矩的方式来进行内容叙述。
《为奴十二年》:黑奴的创伤与修复
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史上 里程 碑 的地位 。
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《为奴十二年》中艾普斯邪恶本我分析及其形成原因探析
《为奴十二年》中艾普斯邪恶本我分析及其形成原因探析贵州师范大学/屈培洪【摘要】所罗曼诺瑟普的自传小说《为奴十二年》展示了19世纪50年代奴隶们最真实的苦难生活,也揭露出奴隶的痛苦大部分是来自奴隶主的残酷人性。
而对《为奴十二年》的研究却很少有人在小说文本的基础上从精神分析的角度来探索小说中人物的人性。
因此,本文将基于弗洛伊德的人格结构理论对小说人物Epps进行人格结构解读,探讨他邪恶膨胀的本我及其形成的原因。
【关键词】为奴十二年 人格结构 本我【Abstract 】The autobiography of Solomon Northup, Twelve Years A Slave, shows the miserable life of black slaves and reveals that most of their suffering comes from the cruelty of abuser ’s humanity. In terms of humanity, few scholars interpret the novel Twelve Years A Slave from the perspective of psychoanalysis. Therefore, this paper will be based on Freud ’s theory of personality structure to analyze the character Epps ’ evil personality, especially his evil id, and explore the forming causes of his inflated cruel id.【Key words 】Twelve Years A Slave; Personality structure; Id1. IntroductionThe novel Twelve Years A Slave reproduces Solomon Northup ’s bitter experience that he was sold as a slave, after suffering and struggle for 12 years and eventually regained freedom in 1840s. This novel uncovers the tragic social reality of black slaves under the dark and inhuman slavery. And 150 years later, it draws public attention and scholars ’ interpretation with it ’s profound social and cultural significance. But scholars ’ research on the basis of novel text of Twelve Years A Slave mainly start with social and cultural perspectives and few of them discuss the characters and their spiritual world. Therefore, this paper will use Freud ’s personality structure theory, treat a specific character as the research object, give the novel character Epps a psychoanalytic interpretation, to analyse his evil id, namely the id for violence, the id for immediate satisfaction and the id for possession, and explore that Epps ’ evil personality is caused by the distorted external world, incapable ego and absent superego.2. The Theory of Freud ’s Personality StructureThe theoretical basis of this paper is Freud ’s theory of personality structure. He believes that the construction of a complete structure of personality consists of three parts, namely, id, ego and superego. The instinct of self, is irrational in unconscious psychological part so-called the id, following the “pleasure principle ” to avoid pain and displeasure, to seek for instant satisfaction. For example, the newborn babies ’crying and eating are completely driven by chaos, disorder, and disorganized id to satisfy the instinctive needs without thinking at all. There is no essential difference between them and animals. So the id “knows no judgments of value :no good and evil, no morality ”. The so-called ego is the reality of self. It is the organized and orderly part of conscious structure of the psyche developed through people ’s study and social practice, also the regulator between the id and the external world with the “reality principle ”. Superego is the morality of self, developed from the ego and suppresses the id with the seeking of the “morality principle ”. As the product of human civilization and social ethics, superego concerns the social virtues and taboos which is our awareness of what is right and what is wrong. If the id is summed up as “I want ”, then the ego is “I can ”, and super-ego is “I should ”.Freud holds that the id, ego, and superego are interrelated and interacted. Id is eager to meet the requirements of desire and instinct to seek happiness in despite of the reality ;superego imposes interference and restriction on human behavior and desire in accordance with ethical standards ;and ego activities between id and superego to implement the wishes of id as the conditions permit meanwhile to obey the compulsory rules of superego. Therefore, “ego serves three severe masters ... the external world, the superego and the id ”.3. The Evil Id of EppsThe id represents the selfish, greedy, and aggressive side of the personality structure reflecting the biological aspect of human being, which is a kind of animal instinct, especially sexual impulse. So id is a chaotic unstable world containing many repressed instincts and evil desires which not to be accepted by society. On the one hand, id is the driving force of human activities, without it mankind will no longer have the passion, impulse and pursuit ;on the other hand, id is also the source of evil humanity because it conceals all kinds of instinctive impulses that are not allowed to be made for human society, ethics, and legal norms, once the id inflates, too much desires and greed would bring distress to others. Therefore, for the id condition mentioned above, the following part is going to illustrate Epps ’s inflated id based on the novel text.3.1 Id for ViolenceAs Northup ’s autobiography and memory, the most common description of Twelve Years A Slave is the violence of the slave owner, Epps. When Solomon has just become Epps ’ slave, the novel mentions that the greatest pleasure of Epps iswaving his whip, listening to the slaves terrified screams, and looking on the lash scar dropping on slave’s back. The thirteenth chapter of the novel is even named after the violence of Epps, it says in the beginning that the crack of the whip and the screams of the slaves continue from dusk until midnight everyday. Almost every day slaves suffer from whipping, and usually after weighing in cotton. The branches are broken accidentally when they pick cotton, slaves will be whipped;the amount of cotton is not up to standard, slaves will be whipped;slacking, quarreling and fighting, then undoubtedly slaves will be whipped. Besides, the shooting match always makes him more violent and crazy so that he can get indescribable satisfaction and pleasure through flogging defenseless slaves. In addition, he also loves to dance. After the carnival and dancing with slaves, he always becomes more cruel and ruthless to punish slaves because of trivial matters. Therefore, Solomon mentions repeatedly, this is my master, cold, cruel, heartless Epps.This morbid desire to obtain pleasure from the suffering of others is typical unrestrained violence desire. Violence is a natural and normal desire for every human being. But because of the conditional restrictions, such as the selective time, occasion and object, the id and desire for violence will be controlled within normal limits so that the usual social activities won’t be affected. As we have seen, Epps’ violence id is excessively expanded without any restrictions, the consequence of this kind of expansion is the slaves bearing the bitter fruit of his evil humanity and enduring both physical and mental torture.3.2 Id for Immediate SatisfactionIn addition to violence, Epps has a typical infantile appetite for instant satisfaction as baby’s state. Like Bressler describes that unchecked by any controlling will, the id operates on impulse, wanting immediate satisfaction for all its instinctual desires. Babies are closest to the id;anything they wants must be satisfied at once otherwise they will wail without ceasing. While as an adult, Epps also stays in this condition. According to the description of the novel, in despite of time and place, as long as Epps has dance interest, all slaves have to cheer up to dance with him no matter how tired they are or how much work they will have to do tomorrow. Even after sacrificing the whole night’s sleep, the cotton slaves picked could not be less than even a pound of standard weight. The whip still waved on the head, and the master would never consider whether they have been affected by a sleepless night. Epps is only in pursuit of his own pleasure, regardless of reality and other’s condition. In his logic, all slaves should have a good-night-sleep and always be energetic to complete heavy work although they danced all night, which is the typical symptom of id expansion.Epps is just careless and instinctive like a baby who won’t consider whether their adults are busy or tired. A baby is a baby because they don’t have to think about reality situations, they also have no ability to hurt others. But if the adults like baby only consider their own id, own instincts, and own desires for instant satisfaction despite the external reality, then it will inevitably cause unnecessary trouble for the people and things around them, delay the usual work, hinder normal process, and burden others as Epps does.3.3 Id for PossessionApart from the id for violence and instant satisfaction, Epps has an inflated appetite for possessions as well. The desire to possess something is an instinct of human identity. Because of this desire, we have private ownership and the concept of private goods. But too much possessive desire will lead to the evil of humanity.In Twelve Years A Slave, Epps never regards blacks as human beings but regards them as “personal chattels”, a purely living property. His possession of slaves requires not only the possession of the flesh, but also the spiritual possession. Take the poor girl, Patsy, for example, she simply visits her friends, but Epps thinks she betrays him for seducing his lewd neighbor and whips her into a coma with her back badly mutilated. This whiplash destroys her vitality that she could not step out of the vigorous pace, her heart filled with sorrow and her eyes are not radiant any more. The evil id of personality of Epps has killed a young girl’s soul. Besides, when Solomon takes the irrefutable evidence to prove he is a free man and ask to leave, Epps has no guilty for torturing him nor any pity or sadness for his leaving, but only anger and malicious invective for his losing of private belongings. In fact Epps would rather Solomon is dead than he is a free man out of his control, because he wants to hold all these things whether alive or dead, physically, spiritually and completely. It is his excessive possessive id that spawns a lot of malevolent thoughts and evil deeds.4. Causes of the Evil IdWhen it comes to the causes of Epps’ evil id, we must take into account the relationship relates to id among the personality structure systems. As noted above that ego has three masters, id, external world and superego, Freud also clarifies ego is struggling to defend itself from three dangers or masters:from the external world, from the libido of the id, from the severity of the superego. Although this is the three factors that affects ego, it can also be shown that in the theory of personality structure, id, ego, superego and external world are closely related to each other, and each of them will be influenced by the other three of them. Therefore, external world, ego and superego can prove to be the causes of the evil id by the same reason, which is a corollary.4.1 The Distorted External WorldThe story took place in the southern slave states of the United States from 1840s to 1850s, the social environment of thisage was inseparable from slavery, which provided strong legal endorsement for slave trade. When the law has tacitly ruled that the master is in possession of the power of life and death of the slaves and, to some extent, denies the contract spirit that all men are created equal, the social environment in this place is no longer normal, and the distorted society will affect human nature and become worse.In this novel, Solomon mentions that there is a patrol where he lives, they can arrest, shot and even kill any black slaves leaving master plantation without permit. He does not know whether the law or the public gives the right to patrols to kill others, or whether both the law and the public are crazy in this place. As a matter of fact, what is very worth mentioning is when Solomon was sold as a slave, the resistance of the abolitionist movement and rhetoric was skyrocketing. Between 1846 and 1861, the south America from the coast to the hinterland defended slavery that slavery should be viewed as the most secure and stable system in the world, it is admitted by the constitution, the natural law and moral law. So the south America was more committed to slavery at this time. Thus the pathological society allows him to indulge in id, lust and evil without breaking the social norms and being punished by law.In terms of the external world, apart from the bad influence of social environment, unfortunately, according to the novel, Epps ’ families, his wife and son, also indulge his id precisely and concretely. He loves his wife. He is willing to satisfy his wife ’s any strange ideas and all her requirements, as long as the request would not cost too much money. As for Mrs. Epps, regrettably, her greatest wish is to sell or kill Patsy. But for Epps, Patsy is of great economic value because she is so capable that she can do two or three times work as much as others. Besides, Epps always covets the beautiful young girl. For whatever reason, he is reluctant to sell or kill her. As a result, when Mrs. Epps is furious, the only best way to quell her anger is Epps satisfying her request to flog Patsy. He is so glad to meet this demand because he can also get pleasure from other ’s suffering. Except the demand of his wife, his son ’s admiration and imitation also distort his mind. Epps ’ eldest son adores him so much that he imitates his father to whip the slaves and speak dirty words. He is even proud of it because doing this can arouse his father ’s laughter and obtain his praise. Such worship and imitation are no doubt an encouragement to his indulgence in id and lust, cruelty and violence.4.2 The Incapable EgoConnect with external world, ego is the part that exerts influence and restriction on id. Ego controls id as man rides a horse, the rider must tighten the rein to control the horse ’s normal run. Therefore, contrary to the passion id contains, ego stands for reason and common sense related to the outside reality.In this aspect, ego ’s growth depends on the normal and healthy social environment, life custom and family influence, if the reality of the society is distorted then the growth of ego will be distorted too. Ego could limit the id, but the distorted ego not only fails to play its proper role in limiting and regulating, but also promotes the expansion of the id and intensifies the evil degree of the personality.As the earlier part has illustrated that the society with slavery in which individual has right to harm and kill others is undoubtedly distorted and dysfunctional. As a member of vested interests and upper middle class of the morbid society, it is taken for granted that Epps ’ ego has been branded with social mark and distorted by the diseased life environment. The society will not condemn his wickedness and self-willed, the law will not punish his violence and the harm he brings to others, which in fact is a covert encouragement, encouraging him to be more cruel and violent, make his desires of id more expansive. Meanwhile, for the influence his families bring to him, Epps has being set up a bad example to his son all the time, while his son ’s behaviors then encourage him in turn to continue to aggravate his cruel, twist his ego, indulge his id and desire. It is a vicious cycle of human nature between them.To sum up, what mentioned above is the ego follows reality principle, regulates the id to fit the social norm. But when society is distorted, family expectations is not appropriate, the ego of Epps is of course has been distorted by the external world, by the social norms and slavery law, by his wife ’s lack of mercy and his son ’s unkind naivety. Consequently, the dysfunctional ego of Epps is useless and incapable in his structure of personality. It does not play the regulatory role between reality and id to suppress the expansion of id. As a result, Epps ’ instinctive impulses and desires swell up in varying degrees which brings the slaves unbearable tribulations.4.3 The Absent SuperegoT h e s u p e r e g o i s a “m o r a l s e l f ”, c o m p o s e d o f “conscience ” and “self ideal ”. The strength of the superego is to guide the ego, restrict the id, and follow the ideal and moral principle. So superego, the moral judicial branch of the personality structure, punishes the behaviors of violating social norms and moral ethics through conscience and self ideal, which makes people feel guilty and remorseful and stop doing bad things. In this sense, the superego of Epps does not exist nor work, the first reason is his behaviors to a certain extent do not violate the social customs and laws ;the second reason is he does not have any feelings like remorse and guilt.As mentioned earlier, the external world, the social morality and the norms of law are distorted at all. In addition to the patrols, Solomon also mentions one thing he thinks could adequately reflect the state of the local community, that is, Marshall, alsoa plantation owner, killed the man who talked with him about industrial acquisitions. Because two of them had a quarrel, so the man was shot by Marshall and lost his life. But Marshall was not imprisoned but acquitted. He returned to his estate, continued his normal, brutal life, and made friends with many people like Epps as usual. This is the life state under the distorted social norms and laws. Therefore, as to Epps, the crazy and cruel things he does to slaves do not, to some extent, violate social morality and the law. As for personal morality, he has nothing more. After the murder of Marshall, he has a better relationship with Marshall and defends him on various occasions. In addition, Solomon describes in the novel that as long as can bring benefits for Epps, he can watch the slave’s tongue is uprooted, watch them being burnt to ashes by fire, or watch them being torn to pieces by dog, with complete indifference. He has no conscience and no guilt, so he doesn’t have superego at all, what’s more about the inhibition of superego on the id indeed?5. ConcludingNo doubt Epps’ id and desire are so powerful and his ego can not limit the development of his instinctive desire, which makes id dominant in the three parts of personality structure in the end. As a result, this imbalance of personality brings misery to slaves, some of them even pay the price of lives but the culprit does not care. All in all, this paper interprets the character Epps in the novel from a new psychoanalytic point of view for exposing the humanity and the unfriendly social environment to black slaves at that ages, with the hoping that the interpretation will advance the study of such a great novel, help the readers have a deeper understanding of human nature.References:[1]Bressler,Charles E.Literary Criticism:An Introduction to Theory and Practice[M].Upper Saddle River:Prentice Hall,Inc.2011. [2]Freud,Sigmund.New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis [M].London:Penguin Books Ltd.1933.Northup Solomon Twelve Years A Slave[M].New York:Dover Publications.2000.[3]左金梅,申富英,张德玉.当代西方文论[M].中国海洋大学出版社,2005.[4]弗洛伊德.精神分析引论[M].张堂会,译.北京:北京出版社, 2007.[5]Northup,Solomon.Twelve Years A Slave[M].New York:Dover Publications.2000.[6]黄赛楠.浅析美国内战中的南北论战[D].华东政法大学,2015.作者简介:屈培洪(1994-),女,贵州师范大学研究生,英语语言文学专业。
《为奴十二载》:黑奴历史的重构与偏离共7页word资料
《为奴十二载》:黑奴历史的重构与偏离2013年底的《为奴十二载》是史蒂夫?麦奎因继《饥饿》《羞耻》后,真正意义上的第三部电影。
史蒂夫?麦奎因放弃了自己的前卫艺术,转而以四平八稳的节奏中规中矩地讲述关于奴隶制的故事。
影片根据所罗门?诺瑟普在1853年所著传记小说《为奴十二年》(Twelve Years a Slave)改编,他的亲身经历让影片具有真实的震撼。
影片以所罗门的口吻来描述自己从一个自由人变成黑奴并经历十二年黑奴的生活,过于工整的故事情节,很难在其中找到亮点,在某种意义上更像是为了奥斯卡的献礼片。
正如陈晓雯所言,这部电影能拿到奥斯卡最佳影片,是美国式的“政治正确”决定,如果“在奥巴马仍在位的时候不拿奖”,那就不知道又要等多少年才会有黑奴题材影片得奖了。
[1]作为非裔英国导演,拍摄这样一部电影,无疑有黑人导演对那段历史的控诉的原因。
但其中更重要的,可能是对平等、自由等对人类具有普遍意义的追求的表达。
本文从叙事和人物形象的塑造两方面浅析影片的亮点和局限之处。
一、叙事的亮点和败笔影片中所罗门本是一个生活在北方未蓄奴州的自由的黑人,有着自己的家庭与孩子,以演奏小提琴来维持还算体面的生活。
他被两个白人欺骗,并被绑架卖为黑奴。
经过了漫长的十二载黑奴生涯终于得救,他获得了自由的身份。
影片的整体叙事中规中矩,从冷静的角度,审视了奴隶制带给奴隶身体和精神的巨大伤害。
但影片给人的总体感觉是缺少批判力度,尤其是以暴力镜头来博取人们的同情,降低了道德审判的力量。
首先,影片从宏观的角度俯瞰奴隶制,让观众全面地了解奴隶制,这是影片的成功之处,但其中也包含了影片的败笔。
影片虽然是基于批判奴隶制的视角,但对奴隶主并不是全盘否定,而是展现出奴隶主也分三六九等这样一个基本事实。
片中的威廉?福特和埃德温?艾普斯是奴隶主的两种极端状态的展示,威廉?福特对待奴隶温厚而儒雅,而埃德温?艾普斯则是严酷和暴虐。
威廉?福特的出现,为奴隶制蒙上了一层温柔的面纱,奴隶在他的手下可以得到如同雇工一样的待遇,而且他也从未殴打过任何一个奴隶。
美国教育:迈向种族平等——由奥斯卡最佳影片《为奴12年》引发的思考
作者: 俞可
作者机构: 上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院
出版物刊名: 世界教育信息
页码: 16-21页
年卷期: 2014年 第15期
主题词: 最佳影片 美国教育 奥斯卡 种族平等 非裔美国人 诺贝尔和平奖 好莱坞影片 种族问题
摘要:好莱坞影片《为奴12年》(Twelve Yearsa Slave)讲述的是一位自由非裔美国人长达12年的黑奴厄运。
适逢马丁·路德·金荣膺诺贝尔和平奖50周年以及《民权法》(Civil Rights Act)颁布50周年,这部根据170年前一位非裔美国人的真实经历改编的影片竟能荣膺第86届奥斯卡最佳影片奖,足见种族问题仍困扰当今美利坚合众国,或许只有教育方能弥合。
《为奴十二年》:奴隶制度下的人性扭曲论
作者: 王颖
作者机构: 南昌工程学院外国语学院,江西南昌330099
出版物刊名: 电影文学
页码: 95-96页
年卷期: 2014年 第23期
主题词:�为奴十二年》;奴隶制度;人性扭曲
摘要:�为奴十二年》在第86届奥斯卡颁奖礼上无疑是众人关注的焦点,该片由同名小说改编,题材是敏感的黑奴话题,又汇聚了布拉德·皮特、切瓦特·埃加福特、迈克尔·法斯宾德、本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇等一众大牌明星,自然奠定了获奖的基础。
本片以独特的个人视角揭露奴隶制度下人性的丑恶以及探讨奴隶制度下人性的扭曲,黑人的被蹂躏和卑微与白人的虐待和猖狂形成鲜明对比,表达了追求自由的信念,同时也和“美国梦”达到了很好的契合,开创了黑奴题材的先河。
本文对影片里的人物进行剖析,解读时代背景下人贩、奴隶主以及奴隶自身存在的人性扭曲,旨在希望活在当下的自由人记住历史,心存感恩。
《为奴十二载》的伦理表达与生活书写
《为奴十二载》的伦理表达与生活书写
刘茂生;刘甜
【期刊名称】《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
【年(卷),期】2016(049)004
【摘要】自传体小说《为奴十二载》以主人公所罗门·诺瑟普屈身为奴的十二年经历为主线,使用倒叙和插叙的手法,成功再现美国南北战争前期惨无人道的奴隶生存状态,真实记录主人公为“回家”而隐忍十二年的心路历程,揭露奴隶制下的残酷人性。
以文学伦理学批评为研究视角,沿着“回家”这条伦理主线,通过还原“被卖为奴”发生的“伦理现场”,逐一解构小说中的“伦理身份”、“伦理选择”、“伦理意识”等“伦理结”。
在伦理意识的驱动下,所罗门选择通过以文字这一独特的文学样式来叙述自己的生活经验,代表整个黑人民族进行伦理控诉,揭露了万恶的奴隶制和暴力等级秩序,奏响了献给黑人种族的赞歌,并表达了反对奴隶制度的伦理诉求,最终推动了废奴运动的进程。
【总页数】5页(P122-126)
【作者】刘茂生;刘甜
【作者单位】江西师范大学外国语学院,江西南昌 330022;江西师范大学外国语学院,江西南昌 330022
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I106
【相关文献】
1.史蒂夫·麦奎因谈《为奴十二载》 [J], Rush(编译);
2.英汉翻译中冗余信息的译法——以《为奴十二载》汉译为例 [J], 宋恺;王立松
3.《为奴十二载》:黑奴历史的重构与偏离 [J], 赵小芳
4.自由唤醒困兽沉睡的灵魂——电影《为奴十二载》主人公人物形象分析 [J], 王艺颖
5.《为奴十二载》中所罗门悲剧的弗洛姆式解读 [J], 刘毅
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后殖民主义理论视角下《为奴十二年》中黑人身份认同探究
论文提纲
Title: The Analysis of Black Identity inTwelve Years a Slaveunder the View of Postcolonialism
3.The self-identity of the black inTwelve Years a Slave
3.1The redemption from subject to subject
3.1.1The rebellion from subject to semi-subject
3.1.2The endurance from subject to semi-object
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[6] Henry Louis Gates, Jr.. Slave Narratives[M]. New York:Literary Classics of the United States, Inc.,2002:3.
Thesis Statement: In the novelTwelve Years a Slave,the author Solomon describes his tough and struggling process from freedom to enslaved and finally got rebirth.It is a typical autobiography fiction with rich postcolonialism elements.
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[18]袁晓雯.黑人民族的生命礼赞——Twelve Years a Slave剖析[J].牡丹江教育学院学报,2014,(9):16-18.
[19]杨耕张其学.后殖民主义:实质、特征及其局限——从马克思的观点看[J].社会科学战线,2005,(2):247-256.
1. Introduction
2.Twelve Years a Slaveand postcolonialism
2.1 Brief account of the author andTwelve Years a Slave
2.2. Brief account of the postcolonialism
说明
1.论文方向为:英美(日本、朝韩)文学,语言学,翻译学、语言教学四者之一
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4. Conclusion: From the whole novel, it can see the differences in individuals between the white and the black under slavery. For the white, there are cruel slave businessman, such as Birch and Freeman, and hidden cheater such as Brown and Armsby, as well as kind owner such as couple Ford and ferocious couple such as Epps, and peoplewho stick to slavery such as Tibeats, and the white who fights against the slavery to help Solomon to gain freedom, such as Samuel Bass, and so on. For the black, there are black who advocate rebellion, such as the unknown black who saved Eliza, and black who advocate tolerance, such as Clarmens, as well as passers-by, such as those farm slave behind Solomon while he was hanged; and kind slave who secretly gave water to Solomon. As a matter of fact, in this novel, there are so many pictures with different humanities. “the black” does not refer to a specific group with fixed characteristics, so does the white. For the white, they would never pass their ancestor’s system in maintaining self interests
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3.1.3The acceptance from semi-object to object
3.2 The disillusion from object to subject
3.2.1The object who failed in escaping
3.2.2The object whose dream shatteபைடு நூலகம்ed