新概念英语青少版第四册第3课：Gretel
新概念英语第四册_(中英文对照)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念英语第四册——03
新概念英语第四册——03Pidu District, a Hidden Gem in Sichuan ProvinceNestled in the heart of Sichuan Province, Pidu District is a captivating destination that often flies under the radar of many travelers. While the province is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage, Pidu offers a unique blend of history, natural wonders, and culinary delights that make it a must-visit location for those seeking an authentic and immersive experience.Situated at the confluence of the Minjiang and Tuo Rivers, Pidu District boasts a rich history that can be traced back thousands of years. The area was once a hub of ancient Shu civilization, with archaeological evidence suggesting that the region was inhabited as early as the Neolithic period. The district's strategic location along important trade routes has contributed to its cultural and economic significance throughout the ages.One of the most remarkable historical sites in Pidu is the Sanxingdui Ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has captivated theattention of archaeologists and historians worldwide. The Sanxingdui Ruins, discovered in the 1980s, have revealed a trove of artifacts and relics that offer a glimpse into the sophisticated and advanced civilization that thrived in the region over 3,000 years ago. The site features a series of large sacrificial pits, where an array of exquisite bronze and jade artifacts have been unearthed, including the iconic and enigmatic Sanxingdui bronze masks.These mysterious masks, with their striking features and intricate designs, have become symbols of the Shu culture and have sparked ongoing debates and research into the origins and beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of Pidu. Visitors to the Sanxingdui Museum can immerse themselves in the rich history of the region, exploring the well-preserved artifacts and learning about the unique cultural traditions that have shaped the area.Beyond its historical significance, Pidu District is also renowned for its natural beauty. The district is home to the stunning Emei Mountain, one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains of China and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The mountain's towering peaks, lush forests, and serene temples have attracted pilgrims and nature enthusiasts for centuries. Visitors can embark on a scenic hike through the mountain's winding trails, encountering breathtaking vistas, ancient monasteries, and the famous Golden Summit, where the majestic Samantabhadra Bodhisattva statue stands tall,overlooking the surrounding landscape.In addition to the natural wonders of Emei Mountain, Pidu District is also home to the captivating Leshan Giant Buddha, the world's largest stone-carved Buddha statue. Standing at an impressive 71 meters (233 feet) tall, the Leshan Giant Buddha is a true marvel of engineering and craftsmanship, carved directly into the cliff face of Lingyun Mountain. Visitors can marvel at the colossal statue, which was constructed over a period of 90 years during the Tang Dynasty, and explore the surrounding scenic area, which includes serene rivers, lush forests, and tranquil temples.Beyond its historical and natural attractions, Pidu District is also renowned for its rich culinary heritage. As part of the Sichuan cuisine region, the district is renowned for its bold, spicy, and flavorful dishes. From the iconic Mapo Tofu to the mouth-watering Kung Pao Chicken, Pidu's local cuisine is a testament to the region's culinary prowess and the ingenuity of its people.One of the must-try dishes in Pidu is the Dandan Noodles, a beloved street food that originated in the district. These hand-pulled noodles are served in a spicy, savory sauce made with ground pork, chili oil, and a blend of aromatic spices. The dish is a perfect example of the district's culinary heritage, showcasing the local people's mastery of traditional cooking techniques and their ability to create flavors thatare both complex and deeply satisfying.In addition to its renowned cuisine, Pidu District is also home to a vibrant local culture and a rich tradition of arts and crafts. Visitors can explore the district's bustling markets, where they can find an array of handmade crafts, from intricate embroidery to delicate porcelain figurines. The district is also known for its thriving tea culture, with local tea plantations producing some of the finest green and black teas in the region.One of the most unique cultural experiences in Pidu District is the annual Shu Brocade Festival, a celebration of the region's textile heritage. The festival features displays of traditional Shu brocade, a type of intricate, jacquard-woven fabric that has been produced in the area for centuries. Visitors can witness demonstrations of the traditional weaving techniques, learn about the history and significance of Shu brocade, and even participate in hands-on workshops to create their own unique pieces.In conclusion, Pidu District is a hidden gem in the heart of Sichuan Province, offering a rich tapestry of history, natural beauty, culinary delights, and cultural traditions. From the awe-inspiring Sanxingdui Ruins to the serene landscapes of Emei Mountain and the captivating Leshan Giant Buddha, Pidu District is a destination that promises to enchant and inspire all who visit. Whether you're a history buff, anature enthusiast, or a culinary adventurer, Pidu District is a place that will leave a lasting impression and will undoubtedly become a cherished memory in your travels through China.。
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson3
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson3【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,[/b] but they did not go out of their way[/b] to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor ashis parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same： dirt and poverty,and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man【New words and expressions 生词和短语】Matterhorn n. 马特霍恩峰(阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境)Alpinist n. 登山运动员pioneer v. 开辟，倡导;n. 先锋，开辟者summit n. 顶峰attain v. 到达perilous adj. 危险的shudder v. 不寒而栗court v. 追求solitary adj. 的impoverish v. 使贫困Alpine adj. 阿尔卑斯山的flea-ridden adj. 布满跳蚤的coarse adj. 粗劣的boast v. 自恃有parishioner n. 教区居民shepherd n. 牧羊人linen n. 亚麻布床单the Alps n. 阿尔卑斯山脉【课文注释】1. the more...the more...越……就越……连用两个比较级，表示前后两者之间(水准等)共同增长的趋势;弱为简单形容词，则用其简单比较级形式。
新概念英语第四册单词表
新概念英语第四册单词表$第1课资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除fossil manrecountsagalegendn.传说，传奇migrationn.迁移，移居anthropologistarchaeologistancestorPolynesiana.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesiaflintrot$第2课beastcensusacrecontent$第3课Matterhornn.马特霍恩峰(阿尔卑斯山峰之一)alpinistpioneerv.开辟，倡导;n.先锋，开辟者summit资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除attainperilousshuddercourtsolitaryimpoverishAlpineflea-riddencoarseboastparishionershepherdlinenthe Alps$第4课solidsafeUlyanovskcommissionopaquelottoslipper资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除blindfold$第5课leavefundamentalsglorioussplendidrubidentitydrearycommitmentmeana.吝啬，小气social climber追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人Devotioncosmicsuburbana.见识不广的，偏狭的conceitedpresumptuousa.自以为是的，放肆的fatuouscliché$第6课goodwillcricket资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除inclinationcontestorgyn.无节制，放荡deducecompetitivepatriotismn.地方观念，爱国主义disgracesavagecombativemimic warfarebehaviorn.行动，举止absurd$第7课batstrictlyutilitarianappreciationobstructionelapsehullintervalreceiptapparatusshoalherringcodsqueak$第8课slaughterfitgrace…增光tariffstandarddialysisn.分离，分解；透析，渗析electrocuteeliminateaccorddevicen.仪器，器械hammer outpactn.合同，条约，公约$第9课espionage(title)Danisha.丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的minstrelwanderingharpballadacrobaticconjuringAthelneyn.阿塞尔纳(英国一个小岛) Chippenhamn.切本哈姆(英国一城市) thitherDaneslackconquerorcasuala.马虎的，随便的precautionn.预防，警惕proceedsassembletrivialprolongedcommissaryepisoden.一个事件，片断epicharryassail$第10课siliconintegratedcircuitn.线路，电路Californian.加利福尼亚(美国州名)workstationchipn.芯片，集成电路片，集成块newsletterMacintoshn.苹果机，一种个人电脑penalizev.处罚，惩罚customizespawnv.引起，酿成thrivev.兴旺，繁荣anarchyn.无政府状态，混乱orientalconstitutedroveinnovatorforgememory-chipAT&T美国电话电报公司(American Telephone and Telegraph)n.堪萨斯(美国州名) Missourin.密苏里(美国州名) $第11课oppressv.忧郁，压抑justificationjustifiablycheatabjectignoblea.不体面的，可耻的impersonalegorecedeincreasinglyad.日益，不断passionatelypainlesslyvitalityweariness$第12课currenta.通用的，流行的accountcashcheque资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除debtorcreditorobligationcomplicationdebit…记入借方specimenforgeforgeryn.伪造(文件，签名等)adoptfacilitate$第13课mineralboringderrickblock and tackle滑轮组haulv.拖，拉rotatecutting bit钻头geologistcoring bit取芯钻头cylinderstratan.岩层［复］(［单］stratum)资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除circulatev.注入，环流gusher$第14课forecastspeculativeblizzarddeterioratev.变坏，恶化multiplycascadeturbulentdust devil小尘暴，尘旋风SqualleddygridsensorhumiditymeteorologistPrincetonn.普林斯顿(美国城市名)Mew Jerseyn.新泽西(美国州名)fluctuationn.起伏，波动deviation$第15课资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除secrecy (title)effectivenessn.成效，效力inquirypositiveprocesspatentagent$第16课physiologicalmaximumconsiderationdescendantn.子孙，后代artificialimposedimensionskyscrapertenantcivilizedbanalluxurydeprivemonstrous资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除edificetoxicceaselesslythrongv.挤满，壅塞$第17课settlemententerprisingsettlerAntipodesn.(the～)新西兰和澳大利亚(英)promiscuousabandonn.放任，纵情overrunv.蔓延，泛滥devastationn.破坏，劫掠burrowv.挖、掘susceptiblevirusmyxomatosisinfectepidemicmosquitocarrierexterminate资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除ironicallybequeath…传给pestn.害虫，有害动物pestilenceconfinedomesticate$第18课porpoise(title)marinersharkformationdolphinunconsciousbeaverashorewaterloggedscentensueintrigueindignitysnoutshove资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除aquaplaneoceanariumswoopbellyequilibriumbuttcrack$第19课speculationliterallyoddtissueplausiblehypothesiselectroencephalographelectrodescalypsychiatristpunctuatejerkydisorderimplication资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除$第20课salivadigestivedefyanalysispreyfiercetusslecarnivorevertebratelizardconcoctpotencyconversionarsenicstrychninemambacobravenomneurotoxicviperrattlesnakeviperine$第21课supremeprotagonistoutlawn.逃犯，亡命之徒framedviciousmythologyvanishedabsurdlyarenaencroachingIndianbewilderalientaboodisinherit…继承权undeclaredhypocrisychicaneryimpendinga.迫近的，迫在眉睫的code$第22课loommanifestmoralitycommunicate v.交流，交际compoundenhancetempotrickletorrenthumanityindifferentlygrimlywhimsicalshattertwofold$第23课albatrosssustenancegliderendowplygalepartridgelike propulsion utterslipadversea.逆的，相反的omen$第24课Intenseaesthetic realm serenity undeniable indefinable vulgar radiance intimation unutterable$第25课auditoryinadequatepleaabatementdiscreditallegationcaptionwrecksnagn.疑难之处，障碍anecdoteslanderpersecutesquadronpsychiatricdiagnosisorphanage$第26课Preservationsiltscavenger资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除volen.野鼠，鼹鼠decomposeinaccessiblecrevasseSiberianpaleontologicalsabre-toothedventureboggeda.陷入泥沼的，陷于困境的$第27课galleonStockholmflagshipimperialhurricanemightfermentornamentriotdemonmermaidzoomorphicablazeportraydriftingchurnpennantsuperstructurearmamenttriplemountv. 登上bronzecannonmajesticmuzzlefreshensqualllistportn.(船、飞机的)左舷ordnanceheavestarboardn.(船、飞机的)右舷steepenballastinrushBaltic$第28课scepticalforefathersferventlycurativeastronomicaltangibleremedyointmentprescribeindispositiondisgustinginconvenience$第29课hovercraftNorfolk BroadscushionringSolentn.(英国的)苏伦特海峡sensationduneplantationhover-train$第30课navigationsoundingporcupinedredgeexpeditionphysicistmagnitudetopographycrustruggedtablelandsedimentterraceerode$第31课colour-blindperceptioncomprehendspatialvisualizev.使具形象，设想reminiscencen.回忆，联想tadpolemushroomcarrotbudlarkladybirdbulrush$第32课Controversyn.争议，争论dustn.纠纷，骚动clashInquisitionn.(罗马天主教的)宗教法庭perspectiven.观点，看法despisegeneralizeundercurrenttheoreticalpotentialityintimatefamiliarityculpableAristotelianAristotlen.亚里士多德(古希腊哲学家)Ptolemyn.托勒密(公元90-168，古希腊天文学家) Leaning Tower Pisa比萨斜塔spiralnebulascratchcontrivancedistort$第33课adversea.逆的，相反的purchasablepreacherdefendantoutlookcapacitymeansn.方法，手段，财产，资力savannahdemocratictribaltribeilliteratecompulsorydeemjuveniledelinquency$第34课adolescencesluradolescentn.青少年(12-18岁) disloyaltyspitefula.恶意的，怀恨的disillusionmentevaluationinfallibilityresentsincerityvictorianunreasoningauthoritariancow$第35课hubn.(活动的)中心lunaroxygenApolloaccelerateterrestrialpermanentlyfascinationseniora.资历深的，年长的chasmn.断层，裂口canyon$第36课disunitedcorrespondinglybackwardincuradministeradministrative资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除analogousoverheadsinitiativen.主动，积极性checkerforemandividendunduly$第37课likelihoodinfantvulnerableimperceptiblerobustorganismthermodynamicssteepageingoddsvirtualmootrun-downfriction资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除$第38课contaminationsanitationn.卫生，卫生设备sewageleakageintermittenta.间歇的，断断续续的carbonateda.碳化的，碳酸的acidica.酸的，酸性的alcoholdisinfectantsterilizeethanolbactericidalnegligiblea.可以忽略的，微不足道的methylated$第39课confessinspirationKashmirinterweaveafreshdiscern资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除v.辨明，领悟indescribableblur…模糊不清yeastfathomn.噚（1噚等于）interminablywinkleincidentallypertinentflirtinmost$第40课signaturen.签名，标记infinityrayenergize…能量rhythmtransmitexquisitephenomenacresttroughvertical资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除horizontalactualitycatastrophicparticlematurityundulatev.波动，形成波浪tremorgravitational$第41课techniquetoughresentfulassignv.分配，指派mahoutcalfpineunderlinev.着重说明，强调keepsubservientplungetametether资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除v.(用绳)拴ticklisha.难对付的，棘手的alarmingaccompanimentsoothechantreinforceendearingepithetsusceptibleblandishmentlashcurl$第42课earthquakeslumberninepinrigiddelicateseismometerpenholderlegiblydrum资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除wrigglebluebottlegraphgraphiclongitudinaltransverse$第43课Mercuryhydrogenprevailingradio astronomeruniquelyrationalradio frequencycmn.厘米(=centimetre)megacycleemissioninterstellarrendezvousencounter$第44课commonplace资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除aberranta.脱离常轨的，异常的trivialpredominanta.占优势的，起支配作用的manifestpristinea.纯洁的，质朴的stereotypevernacularaccommodationincumbenta.义不容辞的，有责任的preliminarypropositionpreferentialcontroversialcactustermitenebulavariantbarbarianpagansophisticationpremisesupernatural$第45课disputemosquitosubduedrainageenvisionMoroccolatitudehereticn.异教徒，异端邪说conceivesufficenuclearoriginal$第46课giftedpsychologistspasmn.一阵(感情)发作futileinsinuatev.使潜入，暗示convulsiveilluminationn.启发，照明unduegriprecuperation improvise sedulously vivify aggravate trifling gratify caprice satiation franticallyavenge…报复boredomclatter sustenance appetite grudge absorbingbanishv.排除，放弃$第47课assumption manoeuvrev.(驱车)移动myriadparadoxcynicsociologistshunaffluentchambermaidboomaitre d'hoteln.［法语］总管snobberyhierarchyentailinclementpackage tourinsularitycaterexclusivelycosmopolitan preponderanceoverwhelminglyad.以压倒优势地，清一色地patronagen.恩惠，惠顾sauerkrautviemunicipalityitinerantheathalienateeternal$第48课portfoliotipstern.(提供证券投机等消息为生的)情报贩子Las Vegasfritterv.挥霍，浪费reputablebrokerfinancen.资金，财源mortgagepensionprioritygiltn.金边证券(高度可靠的证券) convertiblesanguineheadyalongside…旁边，和…一起pedestriana.平淡无奇的，乏味的。
新概念英语第四册课文详解(L1-25)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man第一课发现化石人by ROBIN PLACEfrom Finding fossil man1-1. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.【译文】我们能读到五千年前近东发生之事，那里的人最先学会了书写。
【单词和短语】read：此处为不及物动词，意为“读到，获悉”（to find out information from books，newspapers etc.），后接of或about，例如：He reads about the war. 他读到关于战争的消息。
Did you read of their accident in the newspapers?你在报上看到他们遭遇意外事故的消息了么？5,000 years：五千年。
另学习millennium，意为“一千年”，复数为millennia。
5,000 years即为5 millennia。
the Near East：近东，指地中部沿岸地区，包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部，有时还包括巴尔干半岛。
1-2. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.【译文】但时至今日世上某些地方的人还不会书写。
【单词和短语】even now：此处意为“甚至到现在”，例如：Even now he won’t believe me. 他甚至到现在还不相信我。
even now另有两解，一为“就在此刻”，例如：Perhaps even now the time has arrived.也许正是此刻时机来到了。
另一为“尽管这样，虽然情况如此”（in spite of what has happened），例如：I have explained everything，but even now she doesn’t understand.我什么都解释了，但是尽管如此她还是不明白。
新概念英语第四册第3课课后习题及答案
新概念英语第4册课后习题答案: Unit 3 CABDA CDABA CD 新概念英语第4册课后习题: Multiple choice questions 多项选择题 Choose the correct answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解 1 Modern climbers differ from their predecessors because they _____. a.like to find the easiest way to the top of a mountain b.like sport c.prefer difficult climbs to easy ones d.always follow a particular route 2 It is probably true to say that modern climbers ____. a.enjoy testing themselves on difficult climbs b.avoid dangerous situations c.are not as well equipped as earlier climbers d.are only interested in getting to the top of a mountain 3 The pioneers had a hard time because ____. a.Zermatt and Chamonix had rapidly become popular b.Alpine villages were primitive c.the mountains were extremely high d.there wasn't anything to eat 4 It is probably true to say that early climbers _____. a.had seven course dinners when they were climbing b.didn't mind uncomfortable conditions c.always found accommodation with the local priest d.enjoyed a higher standard of living back home Structure 句型 5 Earlier climbers liked summits _____ had never been climbed before.(11.2-4) a.which b.which they c.that they d.unless they 6 ____ single aim was getting to the top.(11.6-7) a.They're b.There c.Their d.Theirs 7 _____ Zermatt and Chamonix, most places wereunknown.(11.8-9) a.Except b.Unless c.Without d.Apart from 8 _____ were generally dirty and flea-ridden.(11.10-11) a.The few inns that existed b.Inns like this c.Such inns d.Few inns Vocabulary 词汇 9 In the pioneering days this was not the ______ at all.(1.2) a.condition b.situation c.history d.event 10 They often faced difficulties of the most ____ nature.(11.4-5) a.dangerous b.dreadful c.extreme d.pitiful 11 -all washed down with _____wine.(1.12) a.course b.sour c.rough d.new 12 Often a valley ______ no inn at all.(1.12) a.was proud of b.advertised c.showed d.possessed。
新概念英语第四册单词表
新概念英语第四册单词表$第1课fossil man a.化石人recount v.叙述saga n.英雄故事legend n.传说，传奇migration n.迁移，移居anthropologist n.人类学家archaeologist n.考古学家ancestor n.祖先Polynesian a.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesia n.印度尼西亚flint n.燧石rot v.烂掉$第2课beast n.野兽census n.统计数字acre n.英亩content a.满足的$第3课Matterhorn n.马特霍恩峰(阿尔卑斯山峰之一)alpinist n.登山运动员pioneer v.开辟，倡导;n.先锋，开辟者summit n.顶峰attain v.到达perilous a.危险的shudder v.不寒而栗court v.追求solitary a.唯一的impoverish v.使贫困Alpine a.阿尔卑斯山的flea-ridden a.布满跳蚤的coarse a.粗劣的boast v.自恃有parishioner n.教区居民shepherd n.牧羊人linen n.亚麻布the Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉$第4课solid a.坚实的safe n.保险柜Ulyanovsk n.乌里扬诺夫斯克commission n.委员会opaque a.不透明的lotto n.一种有编号的纸牌slipper n.拖鞋blindfold a.& ad.被蒙上眼睛的$第5课leave n.允许fundamentals n.基本原则glorious a.光辉灿烂的splendid a.灿烂的rub n.难题identity n.身份dreary a.沉郁的commitment n.信奉mean a.吝啬，小气social climber 追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人Devotion n.热爱cosmic a.宇宙的suburban a.见识不广的，偏狭的conceited a.自高自大的presumptuous a.自以为是的，放肆的fatuous a.愚蠢的clichén.陈词滥调$第6课goodwill n.友好cricket n.板球inclination n.意愿contest n.比赛orgy n.无节制，放荡deduce v.推断competitive a.竞争性的patriotism n.地方观念，爱国主义disgrace v.使丢脸savage a.野性的combative a.好斗的mimic warfare n.模拟战争behavior n.行动，举止absurd a.荒唐的$第7课bat n.蝙蝠strictly ad.明确地utilitarian a.实用的appreciation n.理解obstruction n.障碍物elapse v.消逝hull n.船体interval n.间隔receipt n.收到apparatus n.仪器shoal n.鱼群herring n.鲱鱼cod n.鳕鱼squeak n.尖叫声$第8课slaughter v.屠宰fit a.适合grace v.给…增光tariff n.关税standard n.标准dialysis n.分离，分解；透析，渗析electrocute v.使触电身亡eliminate v.消灭accord n.协议device n.仪器，器械hammer out v.推敲pact n.合同，条约，公约$第9课espionage(title) n.间谍活动Danish a.丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的minstrel n.中世纪的吟游歌手wandering a.漫游的harp n.竖琴ballad n.民歌acrobatic a.杂技的conjuring n.魔术Athelney n.阿塞尔纳(英国一个小岛) Chippenham n.切本哈姆(英国一城市) thither ad.向那里Dane n.丹麦人slack a.涣散的conqueror n.征服者casual a.马虎的，随便的precaution n.预防，警惕proceeds n.所得assemble v.集合trivial a.微不足道的prolonged a.持久的commissary n.军粮供应episode n.一个事件，片断epic n.史诗harry v.骚扰assail v.袭击skirmish n.小规模战斗$第10课silicon n.硅integrated a.综合的circuit n.线路，电路California n.加利福尼亚(美国州名)workstation n.工作站chip n.芯片，集成电路片，集成块newsletter n.时事通讯Macintosh n.苹果机，一种个人电脑penalize v.处罚，惩罚customize v.按顾客具体需要制造spawn v.引起，酿成thrive v.兴旺，繁荣anarchy n.无政府状态，混乱oriental n.东方人constitute v.构成drove n.群innovator n.改革者forge v.发展memory-chip n.内存条AT&T 美国电话电报公司(American Telephone and Telegraph) Kansas n.堪萨斯(美国州名)Missouri n.密苏里(美国州名)$第11课oppress v.忧郁，压抑justification n.正当理由justifiably ad.无可非议地cheat v.欺骗abject a.可怜的ignoble a.不体面的，可耻的impersonal a.超脱个人感情影响的ego n.自我recede v.退去increasingly ad.日益，不断passionately ad.激昂地painlessly ad.毫无痛苦地vitality n.精力weariness n.疲惫感$第12课current a.通用的，流行的account n.账户cash n.现金cheque n.支票debtor n.借方creditor n.贷方obligation n.义务complication n.纠纷debit v.把…记入借方specimen n.样本forge v.发展forgery n.伪造(文件，签名等) adopt v.采用facilitate v.使便利$第13课mineral a.矿物的boring n.钻孔derrick n.井架block and tackle 滑轮组haul v.拖，拉rotate v.使转动cutting bit 钻头geologist n.地质学家coring bit 取芯钻头cylinder n.圆柱体strata n.岩层［复］(［单］stratum) circulate v.注入，环流gusher n.喷油井$第14课forecast n.预报speculative a.推测的blizzard n.暴风雪deteriorate v.变坏，恶化multiply v.增加cascade v.瀑布似地落下turbulent a.狂暴的dust devil 小尘暴，尘旋风Squall n.暴风eddy n.旋涡grid n.坐标方格sensor n.传感器humidity n.湿度meteorologist n.气象学家Princeton n.普林斯顿(美国城市名) Mew Jersey n.新泽西(美国州名) fluctuation n.起伏，波动deviation n.偏差$第15课secrecy (title) n.秘密effectiveness n.成效，效力inquiry n.调查研究positive a.确实的process n.过程patent n.专利 v.得到专利权agent n.情报人员$第16课physiological a.生理的maximum a.最大限度的consideration n.考虑descendant n.子孙，后代artificial a.人工的impose v.强加dimension n.直径skyscraper n.摩天大楼tenant n.租户civilized a.文明的banal a.平庸的luxury n.豪华deprive v.剥夺monstrous a.畸形的edifice n.大厦toxic a.有毒的ceaselessly ad.不停地throng v.挤满，壅塞$第17课settlement n.新拓居地enterprising a.有事业心的settler n.移居者Antipodes n.(the～)新西兰和澳大利亚(英) promiscuous a.杂乱的abandon n.放任，纵情overrun v.蔓延，泛滥devastation n.破坏，劫掠burrow v.挖、掘susceptible a.易受感染的virus n.病毒myxomatosis n.多发性粘液瘤infect v.传染epidemic n.流行病mosquito n.蚊虫carrier n.带菌者exterminate v.消灭ironically ad.具有讽刺意味地bequeath v.把…传给pest n.害虫，有害动物pestilence n.瘟疫confine n.范围domesticate v.驯养$第18课porpoise(title) n.海豚mariner n.水手shark n.鲨鱼formation n.队形dolphin n.海豚科动物unconscious a.不省人事的beaver n.海狸ashore ad.上岸waterlogged a.浸满水的scent n.香味ensue v.接着发生intrigue v.引起兴趣indignity n.侮辱snout n.口鼻部shove v.硬推aquaplane n.驾浪滑水板oceanarium n.水族馆swoop v.猛扑belly n.腹部equilibrium n.平衡butt v.碰撞crack n.重击$第19课speculation n.推测literally ad.确实odd a.奇特的tissue n.组织plausible a.似乎有理的hypothesis n.假说electroencephalograph n.脑电图仪electrode n.电极scaly n.头发psychiatrist n.精神病学家punctuate v.不时介入jerky a.急动的disorder n.失调implication n.表明$第20课saliva n.唾液digestive a.助消化的defy v.使不可能analysis n.分析prey n.被捕食的动物fierce a.凶猛的tussle n.扭打carnivore n.食肉动物vertebrate n.脊椎动物lizard n.蜥蜴concoct v.调制potency n.效力conversion n.转变arsenic n.砒霜strychnine n.马钱子碱mamba n.树眼镜蛇cobra n.眼镜蛇venom n.毒液neurotoxic a.毒害神经的viper n.蝰蛇rattlesnake n.响尾蛇haemolytic a.溶血性的viperine a.毒蛇的$第21课supreme a.首屈一指的protagonist n.主角outlaw n.逃犯，亡命之徒framed a.遭到陷害的vicious a.恶毒的mythology n.神话vanished a.消失了的absurdly ad.荒诞地arena n.竞技场地encroaching a.渐渐渗入的Indian n.印第安人bewilder v.使手足无措alien a.外来的taboo n.戒律disinherit v.剥夺…继承权undeclared a.未经宣布的hypocrisy n.伪善chicanery n.诈骗impending a.迫近的，迫在眉睫的immolation n.杀戮code n.准则$第22课loom v.赫然耸起manifest a.明显的morality n.道德communicate v.交流，交际compound a.复合的enhance v.增进tempo n.速率trickle n.涓涓细流torrent n.滔滔洪流humanity n.人类indifferently ad.不在乎地grimly ad.可怖地whimsical a.怪诞的shatter v.毁坏twofold a.双重的$第23课albatross n.信天翁sustenance n.支撑力glider n.滑翔者harness v.利用endow v.赋有ply v.不断地供给gale n.大风partridge n.鹧鸪like a.类似的propulsion n.推进力utter a.完全的slip v.滑行adverse a.逆的，相反的omen n.预兆$第24课Intense a.强烈的aesthetic a.审美的realm n.世界serenity n.静谧undeniable a.不可否认的indefinable a.模糊不清的vulgar a.平庸的radiance n.发光intimation n.暗示unutterable a.不可言传的invest v.赋予$第25课auditory a.听觉的inadequate a.不适当的plea n.要求abatement n.减少discredit v.怀疑allegation n.断言caption n.插图说明wreck n.残废人snag n.疑难之处，障碍anecdote n.轶闻slander v.诽谤persecute v.迫害squadron n.中队psychiatric a.精神病学的diagnosis n.诊断orphanage n.孤儿院$第26课Preservation n.保存silt n.淤泥scavenger n.食腐动物vole n.野鼠，鼹鼠decompose v.腐烂inaccessible a.不能到达的crevasse n.缝隙Siberian a.西伯利亚的paleontological a.古生物学的St.Petersbrug n.圣彼得堡sabre-toothed a.长着锐利的长犬牙的venture v.冒险bogged a.陷入泥沼的，陷于困境的$第27课galleon n.大型帆船Stockholm n.斯德哥尔摩flagship n.旗舰imperial a.帝国的hurricane n.飓风might n.力量ferment n.激动不安ornament v.装饰riot n.丰富demon n.恶魔mermaid n.美人鱼cherub n.小天使zoomorphic a.兽形的ablaze a.光彩的portray v.绘制drifting a.弥漫的churn v.翻滚pennant n.三角旗superstructure n.上部结构armament n.军械triple a.三层的mount v. 登上bronze n.青铜cannon n.加农炮majestic a.威严的muzzle n.炮口freshen v.变强squall n.暴风list v.倾斜port n.(船、飞机的)左舷ordnance n.军械heave v.拖starboard n.(船、飞机的)右舷counteract v.抵消steepen v.变得更陡峭ballast n.压舱物inrush n.水的涌入Baltic n.波罗的海$第28课sceptical a.怀疑的forefathers n.祖先fervently ad.热情地curative a.治病的astronomical a.天文学的tangible a.实实在在的remedy n.药物ointment n.药膏prescribe v.开药方indisposition n.小病disgusting a.令人讨厌的inconvenience n.不便$第29课hovercraft n.气垫船Norfolk Broads n.诺福克郡的湖泊地区cushion n.座垫ring v.围Solent n.(英国的)苏伦特海峡sensation n.轰动dune n.沙丘plantation n.种植园hover-train n.气垫火车$第30课navigation n.航海sounding n.水深度porcupine n.箭猪dredge v.挖掘expedition n.远征physicist n.物理学家magnitude n.很多topography n.地形crust n.地壳rugged a.崎岖不平的tableland n.高地sediment n.沉淀物terrace n.阶地erode v.侵蚀$第31课colour-blind a.色盲的perception n.知觉comprehend v.理解spatial a.空间的visualize v.使具形象，设想reminiscence n.回忆，联想tadpole n.蝌蚪mushroom n.蘑菇carrot n.胡萝卜bud n.花蕾lark n.云雀ladybird n.瓢虫bulrush n.芦苇$第32课Controversy n.争议，争论dust n.纠纷，骚动clash n.冲突Inquisition n.(罗马天主教的)宗教法庭perspective n.观点，看法despise v.蔑视generalize v.归纳undercurrent n.潜流theoretical a.理论上的potentiality n.潜能intimate a.详尽的familiarity n.熟悉culpable a.应受谴责的Aristotelian n.亚里士多德学派的人Aristotle n.亚里士多德(古希腊哲学家)Ptolemy n.托勒密(公元90-168，古希腊天文学家) Leaning Tower Pisa 比萨斜塔spiral a.螺旋状的nebula n.星云scratch n.擦痕contrivance n.器械distort v.歪曲$第33课adverse a.逆的，相反的purchasable a.可买到的preacher n.传教士defendant n.被告outlook n.视野capacity n.能力means n.方法，手段，财产，资力hamper v.妨碍savannah n.大草原democratic a.民主的tribal a.部落的tribe n.部落illiterate n.文盲compulsory a.义务的deem v.认为juvenile a.青少年的delinquency n.犯罪$第34课adolescence n.青春期slur n.诋毁adolescent n.青少年(12-18岁) disloyalty n.不忠实spiteful a.恶意的，怀恨的disillusionment n.幻灭感evaluation n.评价infallibility n.一贯正确resent v.怨恨sincerity n.诚挚victorian a.维多利亚式的retreat v.后退unreasoning a.不凭理智的authoritarian a.专制的cow v.吓唬$第35课hub n.(活动的)中心lunar a.月球的oxygen n.氧气Apollo n.阿波罗accelerate v.加速terrestrial a.地球permanently ad.永远地fascination n.魅力senior a.资历深的，年长的chasm n.断层，裂口canyon n.峡谷$第36课disunited a.分裂的correspondingly ad.相应地backward a.落后的incur v.承担administer v.管理administrative a.行政管理的analogous a.类似的overheads n.一般费用initiative n.主动，积极性checker n.检查人员foreman n.监工dividend n.红利unduly ad.过度地$第37课likelihood n.可能性infant n.婴儿vulnerable a.脆弱的imperceptible a.感觉不到的robust a.强健的organism n.有机体thermodynamics n.热力学steep a.急转直下的ageing n.老化odds n.可能性virtual a.实际上的moot a.争论未决的run-down a.破旧的friction n.摩擦$第38课contamination n.污染sanitation n.卫生，卫生设备sewage n.污水leakage n.泄漏intermittent a.间歇的，断断续续的carbonated a.碳化的，碳酸的acidic a.酸的，酸性的alcohol n.酒精disinfectant n.消毒剂sterilize v.消毒ethanol n.乙醇bactericidal a.杀菌的negligible a.可以忽略的，微不足道的methylated a.加入甲醇的$第39课confess v.承认inspiration n.灵感Kashmir n.克什米尔interweave v.交织afresh ad.重新discern v.辨明，领悟indescribable a.无法描述的blur v.使…模糊不清yeast n.激动fathom n.噚（1噚等于1.8米）interminably ad.没完没了地winkle v.挖掘incidentally ad.顺便说一下pertinent a.中肯的flirt v.调情inmost a.内心深处的$第40课signature n.签名，标记infinity n.无穷ray n.光线energize v.给与…能量rhythm n.节奏transmit v.传送exquisite a.高雅的phenomena n.现象crest n.浪峰trough n.波谷vertical a.垂直的horizontal a.水平的actuality n.现实catastrophic a.大灾难的particle n.微粒maturity n.成熟undulate v.波动，形成波浪tremor n.震颤gravitational a.地心吸力的$第41课technique n.技术tough a.强硬的resentful a.仇恨不满的assign v.分配，指派mahout n.驯象的人calf n.幼仔pine v.消瘦underline v.着重说明，强调keep n.生计subservient a.屈从的plunge v.向前冲tame a.养驯服了的tether v.(用绳)拴ticklish a.难对付的，棘手的alarming a.引起惊恐的accompaniment n.伴奏soothe v.镇定chant n.单调的歌reinforce v.加强endearing a.惹人喜爱的epithet n.称呼susceptible a.易受感染的blandishment n.奉承lash v.猛烈地甩curl v.使卷曲$第42课earthquake n.地震slumber v.睡眠ninepin n.九柱戏中的木柱rigid a.坚硬的delicate a.灵敏的seismometer n.地震仪penholder n.笔杆legibly ad.字迹清楚地drum n.鼓状物wriggle v.扭动bluebottle n.绿头苍蝇graph n.图表graphic a.图示的longitudinal a.纵向的transverse a.横向的$第43课Mercury n.水星hydrogen n.氢气prevailing a.普遍的radio astronomer n.射电天文学家uniquely ad.唯一地rational a.合理的radio frequency n.无线电频率cm n.厘米(=centimetre)megacycle n.兆周emission n.散发interstellar a.星际的rendezvous n.约会地点encounter n.相遇$第44课commonplace a.平凡的aberrant a.脱离常轨的，异常的trivial a.微不足道的predominant a.占优势的，起支配作用的manifest a.明显的pristine a.纯洁的，质朴的stereotype n.陈规vernacular n.方言accommodation n.适应incumbent a.义不容辞的，有责任的preliminary a.初步的proposition n.主张preferential a.优先的controversial a.引起争论的cactus n.仙人掌termite n.白蚁nebula n.星云variant a.不同的barbarian n.野蛮人pagan n.异教徒sophistication n.老练premise n.前提supernatural a.超自然的$第45课dispute v.争夺mosquito n.蚊虫subdue v.征服drainage n.下水系统envision n.预想Morocco n.摩洛哥latitude n.纬度heretic n.异教徒，异端邪说conceive v.想像suffice v.足够nuclear a.原子弹的original a.有独到见解的$第46课gifted a.有天才的psychologist n.心理学家spasm n.一阵(感情)发作futile a.无用的insinuate v.使潜入，暗示convulsive a.起痉挛的illumination n.启发，照明undue a.不适当的grip n.紧张recuperation n.休息improvise v.临时作成sedulously ad.孜孜不倦地vivify v.使生气勃勃aggravate v.加剧trifling a.微小的gratify v.使满意caprice n.任性satiation n.满足frantically ad.狂乱地avenge v.替…报复boredom n.厌烦clatter n.喧闹的谈话sustenance n.支撑力appetite n.欲望grudge v.怨恨absorbing a.引人入胜的banish v.排除，放弃$第47课assumption n.假定manoeuvre v.(驱车)移动myriad a.无数的paradox n.自相矛盾的事cynic n.愤世嫉俗者sociologist n.社会学家shun v.避开affluent a.富有的chambermaid n.女招待员boo n.呸的一声maitre d'hotel n.［法语］总管snobbery n.势利hierarchy n.等级制度entail v.使成为必要inclement a.险恶的package tour n.由旅行社安排一切的一揽子旅游insularity n.偏狭cater v.迎合exclusively ad.排他地cosmopolitan a.世界的preponderance n.优势overwhelmingly ad.以压倒优势地，清一色地patronage n.恩惠，惠顾sauerkraut n.泡菜vie v.竞争municipality n.市政当局itinerant n.巡回者heath n.荒地alienate v.使疏远eternal a.永久的$第48课portfolio n.投资组合tipster n.(提供证券投机等消息为生的)情报贩子Las Vegas n.拉斯韦加斯fritter v.挥霍，浪费reputable a.享有声望的broker n.经纪人finance n.资金，财源mortgage n.抵押贷款pension n.养老金priority n.优先权gilt n.金边证券(高度可靠的证券)convertible n.可换证券sanguine a.乐观的heady a.令人陶醉的alongside prep.在…旁边，和…一起pedestrian a.平淡无奇的，乏味的。
新概念英语第四册3
ambivalence*
n.有两种相冲突的情感 /
pestilence*
n.瘟疫 /
competence*
n.能力 /
sentence*
vt.判决 /
fierce*
a.凶猛的 /
forபைடு நூலகம்e*
n.军队 /
induce*
seethe*
vi.骚动 /
magpie*
n.鹊 /
vie*
vi.竞争 /
rattlesnake*
n.响尾蛇 /
handbrake*
n.手刹/
footbrake*
n.脚刹 /
n.财政 /
preponderance*
n.优势 /
assurance*
n.信心 /
resistance*
n.阻力 /
resistance*
n.抵抗力 /
advance*
n.显著改进 /
advance*
n.进击 /
contrivance*
latitude*
n.纬度 /
ineptitude*
n.愚蠢无能 /
servitude*
n.奴役 /
knee*
n.膝盖 /
decree*
vi.规定 /
fir tree*
n.枞树 /
foresee*
vt.预见 /
guarantee*
balance*
vi.平衡 /
ordnance*
n.军械供应 /
maintenance*
新概念英语第四册第三单元课文原文(课文单词详解)
新概念英语第四册第三单元课文单词详解Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal--the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.【用作名词】the happy faces of these children这些孩子幸福的面容the unacceptable face of social drinking 社交聚会饮酒令人难以接受的一面（展示；方面）This season's squad has a lot of old faces in it. 本赛季上场队员中有很多老面孔。
新概念4第三课学习笔记lesson3matterhornman
新概念4第三课学习笔记lesson3matterhornmanLesson 3 Matterhorn man第三课马特霍恩山区人3-1. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.【译文】现代登山运动员力图沿着一条能从中得到锻炼乐趣的路线登山。
他们认为路线愈艰难则愈为人们所重视。
【讲解】try后接动词不定式，作make an attempt解，译为“力图”。
by a route中by意为“沿，经”。
it指a route。
【单词和短语】regard:看待，把……看作（to think about someone or something in a particular way）。
3-2. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.【译文】然而在登山运动初创期全然并非如此。
【讲解】in the pioneering days指在初创时期，指登山运动的初创期。
【单词和短语】pioneering：创新的，先驱的（introducing new and better methods or ideas for the first time）。
例如：the pioneering work of NASA scientists（美国）国家航空和航天局科学家们所作的开创性工作3-3. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.【译文】早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰，尤其是仍未被人征服过的顶峰，才是他们寻求的目标。
新概念英语青少年版第四册第63课：Gretelmakesalast-minutebook
Lesson63 Gretel makes a last-minute booking第63课格莱托在最后⼀刻买到票What have you got there,Gretel? mother asked.格菜托，你在那⼉买到什么了？母亲问。
I've got a ticket for a concert at the Festival Hall.我买到⼀张节⽇⼤厅剧院的⾳乐会票。
The concert's on tonight.⾳乐会是今晚的。
I bought the ticket an hour ago.我1⼩时前买到的。
An hour ago!You were lucky,mother said.1⼩时前!你真运⽓，母亲说，It's usually impossible to get tickets at the last minute.通常要在最后⼀刻买到票是不可能的。
You have to book in advance.你得预先订票。
How did you manage it?你是怎么弄到票的？Well, Gretel said,是这么回事，格莱托说，I went to the booking-office at the Festival Hall an hour ago 我1⼩时前到节⽇⼤厅剧院票房。
and tried to reserve a seat for a concert next Friday.想订张下星期5⾳乐会的票。
I asked the booking-clerk if there were any tickets left我问售票员有没有余票，and she said they had sold out completely.她说票已全部售完。
So I asked her if she had any tickets for a concert于是我问有没有⾳乐会票，which will be on in a fortnight's time,即在2个星期以后举⾏的⾳乐会。
新概念英语第四册第3课Matterhorn man
新概念英语第四册第3课:Matterhorn manLesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their wayto court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson3
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson3【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,[/b] but they did not go out of their way[/b] to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man【New words and expressions 生词和短语】Matterhorn n. 马特霍恩峰(阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境)Alpinist n. 登山运动员pioneer v. 开辟，倡导;n. 先锋，开辟者summit n. 顶峰attain v. 到达perilous adj. 危险的shudder v. 不寒而栗court v. 追求solitary adj. 的impoverish v. 使贫困Alpine adj. 阿尔卑斯山的flea-ridden adj. 布满跳蚤的coarse adj. 粗劣的boast v. 自恃有parishioner n. 教区居民shepherd n. 牧羊人linen n. 亚麻布床单the Alps n. 阿尔卑斯山脉【课文注释】1. the more...the more...越……就越……连用两个比较级，表示前后两者之间(程度等)共同增长的趋势;弱为简单形容词，则用其简单比较级形式。
新概念英语第四册第三单元课文原文(句型翻译)
Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal--the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.【句型名称】累进比较【课文原句】Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.【闯关练习】The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。
新概念英语第4册课文(中英文对照)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念第四册 第三课课文
Lesson 3Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn ManNew words and expressions 生词和短语Matterhornn. 马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境）alpinist [ˈælpinist]n. 登山运动员pioneerv. 开辟，倡导；n. 先锋，开辟者summitn. 顶峰attainv. 到达perilous adj. 危险的['periləs]Brave students are trying perilous experiments so as to find out better knowledge for us all. 勇敢的学生尝试着一些危险的试验，为我们寻求更佳的知识。
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新概念英语青少版第四册第3课：Gretel Revision Lesson 3
复习课 3
Gretel
格莱托
Gretel comes from Austria.
格莱托是从奥地利来的
She is eighteen years old.
她18岁
She is going to stay with the Clark family for a year.
她要在克拉克家里住一年
Gretel has come to England because she wants to improve her English.
格莱托来英国是为了提升自己的英语水平
She works as an au pair girl
她当了名"互裨"姑娘
She helps Mrs Clark in the house
协助克拉克夫人干家务活
and attends English classes regularly in her spare time。
空余时间定期上英语课
Gretel hasn't been in England long
格莱托到英国时间不长.对她来说,什么事都很新鲜
and everything is strange to her.
对她来说,什么事都很新鲜
She often compares life in London with life in Vienna.
她常比较伦敦和维也纳的生活
Some things are nicer in London;
有些方面,伦敦好些
other things are not so nice.
有些方面,就不很理想了
For instance,
举例说吧
the shops are bigger in London than in Vienna and there is greater variety
伦敦的商店大一些品种也丰富些
But it's more expensive to enjoy yourself in London.
不过在伦敦要玩得高兴就贵些
It's expensive to have a meal at a restaurant or to go to a theatre.
上饭馆,看戏都很贵
Gretel has got used to many things already
格莱托对好多事情已经习惯了
but she can't get used to breakfast in England.
不过对英国的早餐还不习惯
"You English eat so much in the morning," she often says.
她常说："你们英国人早上吃这么多!"
"Fruit juice,porridge,bacon and egg,tea,toast and marmalade!
"水果汁、稀饭、咸肉加鸡蛋、茶、烤面包和果酱
How can you face all that food so early in the day?"
你们一大早怎么吃下这么多东西？。