英美文化概况作业

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英美文化概况10套试题与答

英美文化概况10套试题与答第一套：Ⅰ.1. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland. F2. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quitewell-known: in the world for its endless political problems. T3. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged peoplefrom Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because they wanted to increase its control over Ireland. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. F8. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party. T10. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. T11. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office.F13. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celti c language, called “Gaelic”F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits continuing importance in world politics. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. FⅡ.21. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? D A. The growth of capitalism. B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? CA. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.24. What did the US mean by Containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by itsparticipation in CA. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etcD. a European federal government26. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.27. After the WWII, the United States became a stronger country, proved by the following facts except A.A. the US suffered no losses in the war.B. the US was the sole possessor of atomic bombs.C. the US had over 70% of the gold reserve of the world in its coffers.D. the US had over 50% of industrial production of the world in its hand.28. Lord Baltimore’s fe udal p lan failed NOT because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.29. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people30. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? cA. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160633. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres34. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of t he following was not an activity inShakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football37. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of AA. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. Where is the international tennis championship held? BA. WembleyB. WimbledonC. LondonD. EdinburghⅢ. 41. The Functions of Parliament42. Puritanism43. Grammar School44. The declaration of Independence45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please commenton these purposes.47. What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?第二套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California.F2. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes. t3. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were readyto separate themselves from Europe. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8. American foreign policy has been swinging betweenisolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party.10. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by theancient warriors. t12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office. F13. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authorityfrom his subjects. F14. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63American military bases in the UK. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F18. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves thesport of boxing. F20. Wales is rich in coal deposits. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best com pletes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisionsis true? CA. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.26. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. bA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons32. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day33. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.36. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.37. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students mustmeet the following requirements except that D.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations38. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with“direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above40. Which of the following schools would admit children without referenceto their academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsⅢ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The making of Britain’s foreign policy44. The functions of Parliament45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. How do you understand that Britain has a “special relationship” with th第三套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.T2. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F3. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland andWales. F4. Most people in Scotland speak the o ld Celtic language, called “Gaelic”F5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.T7. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland.F8. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that areparticularly British. T9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party,formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. T10. The game of golf was invented by the Scottish. T11. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F12. Grammar schools selects children at the age of 11 and provide them witha general education. F13. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits contribution in setting up the United Nations. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F19. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t20. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. FⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?CA. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricket26. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday?CA. BonfiresB. The Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. Masquerades27. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is the only branch that can makefederal laws, andlevy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? CA. They are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing33. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center34. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth? dA. Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The Commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.37. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. BA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act44. The functions of the British Parliament.45. George WashingtonⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain and the Unite concerningthe goal of education47.what is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate your point wi第四套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F2. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. F3. The Scots and the Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F4. The most important single factor which influences Britishpolicy-makersis its history. t5. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people areCatholics.F6. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F7. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F8. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector andtuition rates, with some government support. T9. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F10. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F11. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F12. British universities are public bodies which receive funds fromcentral government. T13. In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, which isgenerally regarded as the formal declaration of the implementation of the US containment foreign policy. T14. The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in London.F15. When Ronald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to beat the SovietUnion in the space technology race and so he initiated the Star Wars project. T16. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on Britain’s foreign policy. T17. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F18. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. T19. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T20. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people22. Lord Baltimore’s feu dal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.23. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160624. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president25. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking outof its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror26. Easter commemorates D.A. the birth of Jesus ChristB. the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC. the coming of springD. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ27. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that DA. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations28. Which of the following is NOT a true description of theQueen’s role? AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and the Cabinet.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.29. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education30. When was the NATO founded? DA. In 1945.B. in 1955C. In 1948D. in 194931. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in C.A. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government32. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans33. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China? AA. In 1972B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 197134. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. The New Deal was started by A.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson36. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ37. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres38. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majorityof Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above39. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords? CA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.40. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. The Open University42. The three traditions of Christmas in Britain43. The strategy of preemption 44. The functions of Parliament45. The Bill of RightsⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题共任选一题， 20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. What are some of the major powers of each of the three。

英美文化概况试卷名词解释

英美文化概况试卷名词解释名词解释1the strategy of preemptionIn an address delivered to the west point graduates ,president bush ,for the first time ,put forward the strategy of preemption .by preemption ,the us means that when it determined that a country which is repressive and hostile to the us has acquire or produced weapons of mass destruction or has potential to have such weapons ,the us should use force to remove this threat to us security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the us is attacked .this has come to be known as the bush doctrine.2the house of commonsThe house of common, is the real center of british political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(members of parliament)make and debate policy .these mps are elected in the general elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.3the bill of rightsThe bill of rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the constitution in 1791.the bill of rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places ,the right to own weapons and so on.4engagement and expansionThe late 1980s and the early 1990s saw dramatic changes in the world .the fall of the berlin wall ,the change of the eastern European countries and the disintegration of the soviet union radically changed the balance of power in the world .the usbecame the only superpower of the world .after several adjustments ,the national strategy of the us was engagement and expansion ,which means the us would take a more active part in world affairs and would more actively promote market economy and American style democracy in the world .5the cold warBy the end of ww2,the united states ,which had not suffered as much as other allied countries ,became the strongest country in the world .as the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industria l production in its hand ,the policy-makers of the us wanted a world order dominated by the us ,a world market free and open to American goods and services .in pursuing this goal ,the us encountered determined resistance from the soviet union .gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the cold war began .6the containment policyThe us put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s .by containment ,the us meant that it would use whatever means ,including military force ,to prevent the soviet union from breaking out of its sphere of influence .in order to contain communism ,the us fought two was in asia: the Korean war and Vietnam war .7anglo-saxonsThey were two groups of germantic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century .they were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England .8the bill of rights of 1689In 1688,king james2’daughter marry and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne ,on condition that they would respect the rightsof parliament .the bill of rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the king would never be able to ignore parliament .9the functions of parliamentthe functions of parliament are :to pass laws , to vote for taxation ,to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day .10comprehensive schoolsComprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today .such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education .pupils can study everything from academic subject like literature to more practical subjects like cooking .11.grammar schoolsIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. grammar schools select c hildren at the age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools .these schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the bmore general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.12the first English settlement in north AmericaThe first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London company with a charter from the English king .the colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transponting tobacco into the colony of Virginia .in 1619 ,the settlers elected their delegates and set up the house of burgesses ,and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants .these two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the united states later.13puritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of john calvin and wanted to purify the church of England .they believe that human beings were predestined by god before they were b6rn. Some were god’s chose people while others were dammed to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of God’s elect was the success in the work or the prosperity in his calling .They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find god’s well and establish a direct with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.14.a federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.15.boards of educationBoards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school currilum. Teacher standards and certification and the overall measurement of student progress.16.Higher educationIn American, higher education refers to education on the college level. American higher education includes four categories of institution. They are the university, the four--year undergraduate institution the technical training institution and the two-year or community college. Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds .many universities and colleges have won reputations for providing their students with a higher quality of education .the great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfactory .17the servicemen’s readjustment actthe servicemen’s readjustment act was passed in 1944. it was soon popularly called the “gi bill of rights” .gi was a nickname for the American soldier .the nickname came from the abbreviation for “government issue”-the uniforms and other articles “issued” to a soldier. The act promised financial aid, including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces .18.The three traditions of Christmas in BritainThere are three Christmas traditions which are particularly Britain :one is the Christmas pantomime ,a comical musical play. The main male character is played by a young woman while the main female character, often an ug ly woman called “the dame” ,is played by a man ..another british Christmas tradition is to hear the queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the tv and radio .a third british tradition is boxing day, which falls on the day after Christmas .traditionally ,it was on boxing day that people gave christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants .now that most british people do not have servants ,this custom is no longer observed .however ,a new boxing day custom has emerged ,in the cities :shopping .shops open up to sell off all their christmas stock decorations ,food cards and gift items at low price .19the making of Britain”s foreign policyThe general direction of Britain:s foreign policy is mainly decided by the prime minster and cabinet .the foreign and commonwealth office ,the main government department ,plays a significant role in the making of Britain”s foreign policy .many other government ministries such as the ministry of defence also play a part in formulating and carrying out the governm ent”s decisions .but an extremely influential player in Britain”s foreignpolicy is the treasure .the treasure makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year .20britain and euBritain joined the European community in 1973 which is now called the eu .britain “sparticipation in the eu remains controversial .at the center of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the eu is and what it will become the uk has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the eu as a free trade area .britain likes to regard the eu as a place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible .but Britain has always been orange marches .。

英美文化概况简答论述整理

英美文化概况简答论述简答：1.The Functions of Parliament① First and foremost, it passes laws.②provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation.③scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.④There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts according to precedent. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.2.George WashingtonGeorge Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States.3.The Open UniversityThe Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. Universities in the UK.4.The strategy of PreemptionIn an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption（先发制人）, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002.By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction（大规模杀伤性武器）or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the Us is attacked. This is known as Bush Doctrine.5. Comprehensive schoolsComprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking.6. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.7. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.8. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.9. Grammar SchoolIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities10. PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell. Nither church nor good works could save people. The sign of bei ng God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.11. The declaration of IndependenceIt was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.12. The three traditions of Christmas in Britainthe Christmas Pantomime(圣诞童话剧), the Queen’s speech over the TV and radio, and the Boxing Day.13. The Bill of Rights (US)In the Bill of Rights, Americans are guaranteed freedom of religion, of speech and of the press. They have the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.14. The Anglo-SaxonsThe Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of Anglo-land or England as it has become known.15 . Broads of education in USAIt refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification and the overall measurement of student progress.16. The CommonwealthNo longer an imperial country with independence of many former colonies such as Australia, Canada, India which maintain links with Britain now through an organization called the Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦国家).17. The making of Britain’s foreign policyThe general direction of Britain’s fo reign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Ministry of Defence, although it is considered less important than the FCO, is an important player. It is responsible for ensuring Britain's defence and managing Britain's involvement in its military treaty commitments. The Department of Trade and Industry is concerned with formulating international trade policy and managing British commercial relations with other countries. A less obvious, but an extremely influential player in Brita in’s foreign policy is the Treasury. The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year.18.LondonThe Capital: LondonA cultural and economic dominance of England1. A highly urbanized country: 80% of its population living in cities, and only 2% working in agriculture2. England’s dominance in size --- largest of the four nations with largest population is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance19. The making of British foreign policyThe general direction of Bri tain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also plays a part in formulating and carryin g out the government’s decisions.The Ministry of Defence, although it is considered less important than the FCO, is an important player. It is responsible for ensuring Britain's defence and managing Britain's involvement in its military treaty commitments. The Department of Trade and Industry is concerned with formulating international trade policy and managing British commercial relations with other countries.A less obvious, but an extremely influential player in Britain’s foreign policy is the Treasury. The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year.20. The containment policy （美国遏制政策）The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s.1948, Truman Doctrine: the US would use whatever means, including military force, to prevent the SU from breaking out of its sphere of influence, so as to push back Soviet spheres until Soviet political system changed or collapsed.1950-51, the Korean War.1954-1973, the Vietnam War.The US lost 50 000 men in each of the two wars, greatly weakened the US.21. Boards of educationboards of education---refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at thestate and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum,teacher standards and certification and the overall measurement of student progress.American students pass through several levels of schooling---12 systems22. The Servicemen’s Readjustment ActPassed in 1944, It was soon popularly called the “GI Bill of Rights” . GI was anickname for the American soldier, which came from the abbreviation for“Government Issue”—the uniforms and other art icles issued” to a Soldier. The Act promised financial aid,Including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces23 .Affirmative Action ProgramsAdvocated by some colleges in 1960. The purpose of the programs was to equalizeeducational opportunities for all groups and to make up for past inequality by givingspecial preference to members of minorities seeking jobs or admission to college.论述：1.what is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate your point withfacts.1、The Containment policy(遏制政策)The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s.1948, Truman Doctrine（杜鲁门主义）: the US would use whatever means, includingmilitary force, to prevent the SU from breaking out of its sphere of influence.1950-51, the Korean War.1954-1973, the Vietnam War.The US lost 50 000 men in each of the two wars.2、The containment policy in ChinaThe White Paper on China issued by the State Department in 1949 showed American hostility towards the new republic.Fighting in Korea institutionalized hostility between the two countries and extended the Cold War to Asia. The frozen relationship did not thaw until President Nixon visited Chinain 1972. The US and China normalized diplomatic relations in 1979. The strategic basisfor the two countries to come together was the struggle against Soviet expansionism.This basis lasted until 1980s and early 1990s.2. What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?1. The Foundations of British Foreign PolicyThe contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperialhistory( the most important single factor) and also by its geopolitical traits. As Britainlost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is notas influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon theway Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.2. The Making of Britain’s Foreign PolicyThe general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly d ecided by thePrime Minister and the Cabinet. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, themain government department, plays a significant role in the making of Britain’sforeign policy.The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the UnitedStates. During World War II, the two countries were closely allied andcontinued to work together closely in the postwar years.3. “British history is a history of invasion”. Please illustrate this point. How did eachof the invasion influence English culture?Before the 1st century AD, be made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people凯尔特人→ in 43AD, invaded by the Roman Empire罗马帝国, and England and Wales becamea part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400years→the Germanic日尔曼人 (the Angles盎格鲁人 and the Saxon 撒克逊人) invasion, Anglo-Saxon invaders became the forefathers of the English, the founders of“Angle-land” or “England” as it has become known.→from the late 8th century on,( till the 10th) raiders from Scandinavia(斯堪的纳维亚), the ferocious vikings(北欧海盗), threatened Britain’s shores, leading tolarge areas of northern and eastern England were under their control.→the year of 1066, Norman invasion; Under William Normandy (known as “William the Conqueror”征服者威廉一世 ),they defeated an English army under KingHarold(英格兰最后一位撒克逊民族的国王).The next 300years may be thought of as a Norman aristocracyruling a largelySaxon and English speaking population→the next few hundred years followingthe Norman invasion was a process of joining together the various parts of theBritish Isles under English rule; at the same time, power was gradually transferred(转移)from the monarch (君主)to parliament(议会,国会).→1640-1651,England was ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)→in 1651, the monarch was restored.→in 1688,the parliament invited Williamand Mary (from Holland) to take the throne, thus finally establishing parliament’s dominance over the thron(1689年,议会通过权利法案,限制国王权力,从此确立延续至今的君主立宪制)4. How do you understand that Britain has a “special relationship” with the US?The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States.During World War II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years, because they had many things in commonabout the past and the world situation.Even today, British and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many aspects. However, Britain’s “special relationship” with the USA has gone through upsand downs. The British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy actionscan be limited by the United States. But both sides have worked hard to maintain the “special relations”.As a part of its NATO commitments, the British host a large American military presence. There are 63 American military bases in Britain.5.What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government?How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?The three branches—the Executive, headed by the president; the Legislative,including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House ofRepresentative) and the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court.The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution andother cases which do not arise out of individual states. (联邦法院对涉及联邦宪法的案件有审判权)The Supreme Court consists of nine Justices: the Chief Justice of the United Statesand eight Associate Justices. They have equal weight when voting on a case and theChief Justice has no casting vote (决定票) or power to instruct colleagues.The Supreme Court has the judicial review power, the power determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution. 重要职能包括决定国会法案或行政法令是否违宪。

英美文化概况试题2.doc

山东经济学院2010-2011学年第1学期期末试题英美文化概况(110126)试卷(2)题号—'二二四五八七八九十总分得分签字注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效I . Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1.The first English permanent settlement was founded in Califomia.F2.W hen people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes, t3.B y the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready toseparate themselves from Europe. T4.Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5.Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7.W hen George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has two prominentelements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8.A merican foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9.T oday, the United States has two major political parties. One is the DemocraticParty and the other is the Republican Party.10.Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11.The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancientwarriors, t12.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidatefor public office. F13.The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from hissubjects. F14.The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 Americanmilitary bases in the UK. T15.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16.British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17.When the War of Independence was over, the United States was oneunified nation as it is today. F18.One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted by acollege is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests, t19.It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20.Wales is rich in coal deposits. TII. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21.W hich of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modemdevelopment of Europe? DA.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A.teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23.W hich of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? AA.The Queen of BritainB.The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC.The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D.The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24.What did the US mean by containment? AA.It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out ofits sphere of influence.B.It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached paritywith the US in nuclear forceC.It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD.It intended to shift the balance of terror25.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true? CA.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.26.Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA.the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27.Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare's time? AA.attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28.Which of the following states refused to participate in the ConstitutionalConvention? BA.VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29.The following were the main Reformation leaders except B.A.Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry VID.30.Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA.cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31.In Britain, __ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc.bA.the QueenB.the Prime MinisterC.the Lord President of the CouncilD.the Speaker of the House of Commons32.Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year's Day33.Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A.can legally receive partly free education.B.can legally receive completely free education.C.can not receive free education at all.D.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B.It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C.It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D.It has no written form of Constitution.36.Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because D.A.there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B.the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C.there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D.the English king did not like the plan.37.In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meetthe following requirements except that D.A.they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB.they make good impressions during the interviewsC.they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD.they pass the college entrance examinations38.Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39.Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule" from London? DA.the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B.the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C.the power-sharing policy couldn't be carried out.D.all the above40.Which of the following schools would admit children without reference totheir academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsIII.Tell what you know about the following in your own words.（本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）prehensive schools42.The Bill of Rights43.The making of Britain's foreign policy44.The functions of Parliament45.The strategy of PreemptionIV.Answer one of the following questions.（本大题任选一题，20 分）46.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47.How do you understand that Britain has a "special relationship,, with the US?。

英美文化课后作业

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after WorldWar 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment.Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class. 3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers,door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree ofmechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught upwith British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because theycan appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, abouthalf of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.。

英美文化概况练习题

英美⽂化概况练习题英格兰苏格兰与威尔⼠部分1.The commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries. F2.1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity. F3.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotlandand Wales. F4.Britain is no longer an imperial country. T5.The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majorityof the British people. T6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8. The Scots and the Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means. F12.Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition.F1. Which of the following is NOT true of London?A the cultural centerB the business centerC The financial centerD the sports center2.Which of the following is not true of Britain?A Economic differences between north and south.B Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.3. Which of the following can not be found in London?A teahouses b art galleriesc museumsd theatres4.Which of the following is not true about Britain?A it used to be a powerful imperial country in the worldB it plays an active role as a member of European Union.C it is a relatively wealthy and developed country.D it used to be one of the superpowers in the world.5.Which of the following is not true about London?A. it’s a political, economic and cultural center of the country.B it has a larger population than all other cities in England.C it is not only the largest city in the country, but also the largest in the world.D it has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.6. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built byA. King Arthur b Robin Hood c Oliver Cromwell d William the conqueror7. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A the Anglo-Saxons b the NormansC the Vikings d the Romans8. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A Cardiff b Edinburghc Glasgowd Manchester9.Why did the Scottish kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the 9th century?A they needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.B they felt it necessary to develop their own industryC they were threatened by the Anglo-Saxon’s invasion.D they had to do it in order to resist the British.10. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A in the Highlands b in the Lowlandsc in the Uplandsd in the west of Scotland.11. Which of the following is not true?A Wales was invaded by the Romans.B Wales was invaded by the Anglo-Saxons.C Wales was conquered by the Normans.D Wales was threatened by the English.12. Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?A the Labour PartyB the Liberal PartyC the Scottish Nationalist artyD the Conservative Party.13. When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish Parliaments?A in 1715 b in 1688 c in 1745 d in 1707爱尔兰1.Ireland is part of Great Britain. F2.Ulster, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient IrishKingdom. T3.The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F4.Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturingindustry. F5.The majority of Irish people were descendants of the originalCeltic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T6. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. F7. The British government doesn’t have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F8. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. T9. The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in Northern Ireland. T10. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. T11. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F 1.In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people fromScotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because…A they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in Britain.C they intended to expand their investment.D they believed that Ireland was the best place for them.2. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first…A to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland.B to protect CatholicsC to protect ProtestantsD to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order3. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for…A its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway”B its rich cultural lifeC its low living standardsD its endless political problems4.Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because…A the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland any longer by force.B the British government intended to satisfy both sides—Catholics and ProtestantsCatholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland.D Protestants welcomed the idea of partition5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A Sinn Fein is a legal party in Northern Ireland.B those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.C the Social democratic and Labor party is a very important politicalparty in Britain.D those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.6. In the early 1970s, the IRA…A.Killed many Protestants and CatholicsB.Burned down the houses of CatholicsC.Murdered individuals at randomD.Carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target.7.1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because…A 13 Catholics were shot dead by the peopleB 468 people were killed in Northern IrelandC the government carried out a policy known as “internment.”D bloody killing of 468 people fortified Catholic opposition to the British presence in Northern Ireland.8.Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule” from London?A the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C the power-shari ng policy couldn’t be carried out.D all the above.9. Which of the following statements is not true?A in 1981, some convicted IRA prisoners went on a hunger-strikeB they demanded for the status of being “political prisoners” by starving themselvesC Mar garet Thatcher’s government gave in to their political demand.D the death of prisoners revitalized the political movement of Sin Fein.10.How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?A 26 b 6 c 32 d 2011.Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland?A the Anglo-Irish AgreementB the Belfast agreementC the Good Friday agreementD the multi-party agreement12.According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by th e following jurisdictions except…A the jurisdiction of the Republic of IrelandB the jurisdiction of loyalist ministersC the jurisdiction of Great BritainD the jurisdiction of Northern Ireland.英国政府Decide the following statements are true or falseIt is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. T2. In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the USA.T3. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy.T4.The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F5. As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power. F6. The term “parliament” was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns. F7. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T8. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F9. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. TII. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British governmentA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.2.D. It has no written form of Constitution.2. Which of the following kings was executed in the civil warA. James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles II3. What happened in 1215?A. It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.B. Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta. ⼤宪章C. Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.D. King Egbert united England under his rule.4. Which of the following is NOT true about the Great CouncilA. They included barons and representatives from counties and towns.B. They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.C. They later developed into what we now called the Cabinet.D. They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.5. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passedA. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I6. Which of the following is Not related to the Constitution A. It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government.B. It is the foundation of British governance todayC. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.7. Which of the following statements is NOT correctA. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.8. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s roleA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradation and the Cabinet.C. The Queen acts as a cofidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England. 9. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords?A. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public. ?D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.10. Which of the following is NOT based on the factA. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. MPs receive salaries and some other allowances.C. MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most MPs belong to the major political parties.英国教育I. True or False1. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T2. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. F3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools. F4. the 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. T5. Public schools are part of the national education system and funded bythe government. F6. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T7. All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government. F8. In oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. T9. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government support. T10. Grammar schools selects children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. FII. Multiple Choice1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ___. A. private schoolsB. independent schoolsC. state schoolsD. public schools.2. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ___.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.3. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called___.A. General Certificate of Education — Advanced.B. General Certificate of Secondary EducationC. the common entrance examinationD. General National V ocational Qualifications.4. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain A. the University of Cambridge.B. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham5. Which of the following is NOT trueA. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.B. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.C. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a better chance of getting into a good university.D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.6. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the open University A. It’s open to everybodyB. It requires no formal education qualification.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.7. In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ___.A. grammar schoolsB. comprehensive schoolsC. public schoolsD. technical schools8. Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum A. Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.B. Children must sit in A-level exams.C. Children must pass national tests.D. Teachers must teach what they are told.9. Which of the following is NOT true about British education system A. It’s run by the state.B. It’s funded by the state.C. It’s supervised by the state.D. It’s dominated by the state.10. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilitiesA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schools英国外交I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. When the World War II ended, Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe. F2. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition of its contribution in setting up the United Nations. F3. According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history. T4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on Britain’s foreign policy. T5. The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FOC). T6. Britain is a parliamentary monarch. F7. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F8. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. T9. Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defense policy. F II. Choose the answer that best complete the statement or answers the questions.1. The author holds that Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order becauseA. it used to be a great imperial powerB. it had a strong military power and prestige.C. it defeated Hilter’s armyD. it got support from its former colonies.2. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security CouncilA. France, China, Germany, Russia and BritainB. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.3. How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial primeA. a fourth of the globe.B. a fifth of the globe.C. a third of the globe.D. two-thirds of the globe4. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exceptionA. Its imperial history.B. Its geopolitical traits.C. Its special relationship with the United States.D. Its schizophrenic attitude to Europe.5. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policyA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.6. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in_____.A. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government7. Which of the following statements is not trueA. Britain hosts a large American military force.B. 63 American military bases are under the command of Britain.C. There are 63 American military bases in Britain.D. Britain is an outpost of an American-dominated military bloc. 8. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities?A. BritainB. the United StatesC. ItalyD. Russia9. Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception?A. Britain and the United States share the general ideas in many respects.B. They have common interests in every respect.C. They agree generally on how the world economy should be managed.D. They have special links in culture.10. Why does Britain have its nuclear naval forceA. Because it’s one of the developed countries in the world.B. Because it’s a traditional sea power.C. Because it has an advanced industryD. Because it’s able to produce submarines.美国开端Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The question “What is an American” was first asked by J.Hector St. John de Creveceur. T2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. T3. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F4. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated。

英美文化与概况复习题

英美文化与概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1、正误判断题：( 40题)判断下列题目的正误：1.Ireland was an independent kingdom before the Anglo-Saxon invaders came. ( )2.State-run school in Britain is also called public school. ( )3.Britain is an island country, with its coastline running about 8,000 kilometers. ( )4.Most British families are extended families. ( )5.Great Britain’s coastline is highly regular with many bays and inlets that provide lots ofharbors and shelters for ships and boats. ( )6.Hispanics refers to the Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. ( )7.To the north of Great Britain the seaway is open and leads to the Arctic Ocean. ( )8.Most Jews went to America during the First World War. ( )9.Most English weather experts find it easy to give a correct and reliable weather forecast.( )10.Both Welsh and Scottish people are descendents of Celts. ( )11.Noble class has already disappeared in Britain since the first industrial revolution. ( )12.Nowadays, a majority of British people believe in the Church of Rome. ( )13.Nowadays, marriage is still regarded as a holy relationship and can not be terminated tilldeath. ( )14.The development of Middle English was greatly influenced by French and Latin. ( )15.Like U.S.A, the United Kingdom is also a melting-pot of different cultures. ( )16.London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. ( )n and black minorities are no longer suffering from discrimination and disadvantages.( )18.The Constitution of the United States provides that vice-president shall be President of theSenate. ( )19.English people originate from the descendents of English-speaking Anglo-Saxons and theJutes. ( )20.The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States. ( )21.The expansion of the British Empire helped to spread English into many countries and placesall over the world. ( )22. Henry VI was responsible for the establishment of the Church of England. ( )23. In terms of structure, the British central government includes three parts: the monarch, Parliament, and the cabinet. ( )24. Britain was the first nation to establish a nuclear power station. ( )25. Parliament is the supreme legislative organ of the United Kingdom. It consists of three parts: the prime minister, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. ( )26. Britain produced many great scientists, such as Newton, Faraday, Darwin and Einstein. ( )27. The nationalized industries in Britain include coalmining, electricity, telecommunications, railways, etc. ( )28. One of the basic principles of English law is “natural law”, which means moral law. ( )29. Britain has more than 90 universities, and about one-third of their students are postgraduates.( )30. Easter Day always arrives in summer. ( )31. To expand higher education, Britain founded the TV University in 1969. ( )32. British universities generally aim to develop students’creativity and analytical skills for careers. ( )33. British universities, different in size and academic level, are governed in a different way. ( )34. Most students, poor or rich, try to earn some money by taking jobs in winter for six weeks. ( )35. In British legal system, the principle of “habeas Corpus”serves as a protection against arbitrary arrest and imprisonment. ( )36. More than 81 Oxford mathematicians and scientists have won Nobel prizes. ( )37. Prime ministers from 1945 to 1974 were once students at Cambridge. That is why the Cambridge University is called “the cradle of British prime ministers.”( )38. Nowadays, Thanksgiving Day has generalized to be a reminder of being grateful for all you hope to possess. ( )39. Easter Day is the second most important religious holidays for Christians in the United States. ( )40. The life of congress is two years, and Representatives come up for re-election every four years ( )2、知识填空题：( 40题)在下列空格中填入正确的信息词，使其句子意思完整正确：1.Of all these isles, the largest one is called . For the sake of convenience,GreatBritain is often shortened to .2.United Kingdom is made up of four parts, __________, ____________, Scotland and_________________.3.The island of Great Britain can be divided into two parts according to itsgeographic features: the in the north and west and the in the south and southeast.4.In America, The presiding officer of the senate is the _________________ of theUnited States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.5.Britain did not produce cotton and textile industry used to rely on _______ as the principalfiber.6.In Britain, the city ___________ is well known for its production of automobiles, electricityequipment, electronics, munitions, and arms.7.British government is produced through contest between two major political parties every____ years8.British can enjoy higher education in three ways: _____________, polytechnics and__________________.9.Mainland America is situated in the southern part of North America with two land Neighbors,_________ to the north and _________ to the south.10.The longest river in Britain is the River ，which runs 355 kilometers and emptiesinto the Bristol Strait.11._____________ is the place where American President lives and works.12.British’s population is overwhelmingly , with about 90% living in urban areas and10% living in areas.13.Britain invented the locomotive and was the first country to build a in the world in1825.14.One of the most important US government principle is “Checks and ___________”.15.The majority of the British people believe in , which is the religion of the followersof .16.The most important and longest river running through the middle plain of America is_____________________.17.The U.K. has two churches: the Church of and the Churchof .18.Important heavy industries in Britain include _____________ and _____________.19.is the official language of the United Kingdom as well as the first language ofthe vast majority of its citizens.20.The power of Federal Government in America comes from the power delegated from_________ government.20. In Britain, the place where parliament has sessions in London is ________________.21. The US Congress has two chambers, the _________ and the ______________________. The Senate comprises ___ Senators, _____ from each of the 50 states22. In early times, British nobility can be divided into nobility and nobility according to the amount of the land they possessed.23. In Britain, the nucleus of the government is known as the , which is headed by the prime minister.24. In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political , and this is known as party politics.25. The US Constitution protects freedom of ________ and freedom of _________ so that common people can make their opinions known.26. The highest court in Britain is __________________.27. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, it becomes known as a jury.28. The English legal profession is divided into two branches:and .29. Britain was the first country to introduce a new economic system known as enterprise.30.To meet the increasing need and protect environment, Britain has begun to develop some new energies, such as _________, deriving from waste and crops..31.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirement of and civility in doing things.32. To the south of San Francisco locates a famous valley, named __________________, which has now become the center of America’s electronic industry.33. The Mississippi River V alley, also known as the ______________, consists of the large area between the ____________ on the east and the __________ Mountains on the west.34. Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the “__ of the world.”35. One of the most famous natural park in America, Yellow Stone National Park, is situated in the state _________.36. ____________, the most striking gambling city in America, completely relies on the water from the Colorado River.37. Everything related with family life, including family meals, is regarded as in Britain.38. The working class people usually have a “tea” with hot dishes at about 5 o’clock in the afternoon; while the middle-class people normally have an early “tea” at about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon.40.Private schools in Britain are officially called schools because they are independent of the government.2、简答问题：（15题）简要回答下列问题：1.Why is America compared to a melting-pot?2.What are the characters of typical British people?3.Why do British people like to talk about weather so much?4.What changes have taken place in British families? What are the possible causes forthose changes?5.Who are the famous Queens in British history? Please write down their names.6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of Jury Trial?7.What are the popular festivals in America? Please list two or three names of them.8.What is the function of monarch in Britain?9.Why is British government system called “Constitutional Monarchy”?10.Please list some famous rivers in America.11.What measures can government take to adjust the development of economy?12.Why do some Historians call black Americans “unwilling immigrants”?13.What are the factors that can help you decide social status of a man in British society?14.What are the spirits American People worship?15.How does American government system demonstrate the principle of “Checks andBalances”?。

英美文化概况——2015-01-21-推荐下载

1.“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point with theexamples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years. Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2.What is the political problem in Northern Ireland？Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.3.What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain theDeclaration of independence?the causes of the American Revolution(1), The French & Indian War (1756-1763)The desire of England to levy more taxes on the colonies and the desire of the colonists to have more right and freedom made the conflicts intensified(2), The EnlightenmentIt provided the colonists with a theoretical & philosophical weapon against the British rule and marked the formation and maturity of the new nation(3),The British Mercantilist Policy, such as Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, etc.(4),Boston Tea Party (1773)In 1773, the British government passed the Tea Act, which permitted the British East India Company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. This Act made many merchants angrier than ever with the British.(5), Outbreak: The first shot in Lexington (April, 1775)The Declaration of Independence (1776), drafted in June, 1776, is at once a national s ymbol of liberty and a monument to Jefferson as a statesman and author. In lofty eloq uence and unforgettable phrasing, the document expressed the convictions in the heart s and minds of the American people.4.Tell what you know about the British media.British people usually read a national or local newspaper, watch TV, listen to the radio at their leisure time.The British media plays an important role in British political system: inform the population about problems the country may be facing and what the government is doing to solve such problems. In engendering a national culture: people from different field all share the same experience, they could discuss what they had read or seen——British are all part of the British culture.The British media has the following functions:•Provide people with information about political and social issues•Provide weather reports•Carry advertising•Used for educational purposes•Provide a forum for people to express their views•Seek advice•Give people entertainment•Serve for the political and economic system•Work as a monitor5.How did the Cold War begin? What role did the US play in this?There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. Thesedifferences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.(1) Underlying causes: (i) Ideological ; (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War: (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe ; (ii) The reactions of the United States; (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union .6.Discuss King John and the Great Charter.King John is the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England. He was the king of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.The Great Charter has been also known as Magna Carta which King John was forced to sign in 1215. Its most important clauses were: no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; the Church should possess all its rights; London and other towns should retain their ancient rights. But the Great Charter said nothing about serfs. The Great Charter has been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.7.What do you think of the British foreign relations?The general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet.Britain’s relationship with international institutions1) one of the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council— Russia,China, the US, France and the UK2) its membership in the European Union(Britain joined the EuropeanEconomic Community in 1973, which has been called European Union since 1993.Britain’s participation in the EU remains controversial.)　3) involvement in NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in1949. The author believes that the purpose of NATO is to protect member states against aggression, to provide a foundation for security in Europe, and to providea forum for transatlantic defense cooperation.)4) a member of the Commonwealt h, a voluntary association of states which ismade up of mostly of former British colonies.5. its relationship with the US. British and American policy-makers share thegeneral ideas in many respects. However, Britain’s “special relationship” with the US has gone through many ups and down.8.Discuss the education system in the USA.The federal government influences education and contributes financially to school’s development. The state establishes policies for the educational policy and practice it.All states require young people to attend schools. Every child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of education(1) Elementary Education--- Elementary School (grammar school)—fromkindergarten to grade 8 .Almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics; language arts; penmanship(书法); science; socialstudies……(2) Secondary education--- Junior high school/ Senior high school/ Vocationalschools and technical school (prepare for occupations)(3) Higher education in the USA began with the founding of Harvard College in1636.1/3 high school graduators go on for higher education.There are four categories of higher education institutions: 1),the university; 2),the 4-year undergraduate institution: the college- most of which are not part of a university; 3),the technical training institution: learning variety of technical skills: hair styling, business accounting; 4),the 2-year, or community college.9.How do you comment on the holidays and festivals in Britain?Many festivals and holidays in Britain are centuries old. Every town, village and hamlet in Britain has its own traditions, some involving months of careful planning and preparations of costumes and choreography, others requiring simplya worrying desire to make a complete and utter fool of oneself. There are a lot ofholidays, such as Christmas, the Boxing Day, Easter, Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) ,etc.10.Tell what you know about “Football hooligans” and “Wimbledon”.Football was invented in Britain. It is a rough fast game played in winter and early spring. Today, it is one of the most popular sports in Britain. Millions of people watch the FA Cup games. But in recent years, people are much concerned about football violence“Football hooligans”are supporters of rival teams. They sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up.Tennis was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church. Wimbledon is a suburb in London. In Wimbledon, the world’s best players gather to compete in the annual international tennis championship. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associated with the "Wimbledon fortnight" are eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain.11.How do you comment on the Political System in the USA?The U.S. Constitution established three separate but equal branches of government, the legislative branch (which makes the law), the executive branch (which enforces the law), and the judicial branch (which interprets the law).Under a system of checks and balances, power is divided among different branches of government. This system is based upon the idea that each branch will be protective of its own power and, thus, prevent, intrusions upon it from other branches–thereby preventing any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.12.What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech explaining plans for a “ university of the air”--an educational system which would make use of television，radio and correspondence courses. Study centers have been set up all over the country so that students can attend once a week，and once a year they will spend a week at one of the university s summer schools.It has been nearly 30 years since the Open University started to offer courses. Now it is a very important part of the British educational system. Not only does it offerfoundation courses like those mentioned above，it also carries out very advanced scientific researches，some of which lead to Master s or PHD Degrees. Many other countries have started similar educational programmes following the successful example of the Open University in Britain.。

英美文化概况2

Questions

1. Criket and “fair play”: Cricket was one of the first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. The reason that fixed rules were applied to criket so early on was a financial one: aristocrats loved betting on criket matches and if people were going to risk money on a game, they wanted to ensure that the game would be plalyed fairly.Before the Victorian era, and in modern Britain, people from all walks of life play cricket, but in the 19th century, cricket became a sport associated with the upper class. It was a kind of “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools.As generations of public school grew up to become the civil servants and rules of the UK and its colonies, criket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the ideas of “fair play” which supposedly characterized British government.

英美文化概况

英美文化概况1.Emancipists: The emancipists are ex-convicts who were fully or conditionally pardoned for conduct or service. They became successful farmers,lawyers, architects and government administrators. They contributed a lot to the development of Australian society. By the 1820s, a third of the richest men in the colony were emancipists, among them were Mary Reiby and James Ruse.2.Wakefield Scheme: Wakefield Scheme was devised by Edward Wakefield, a convict and theorist on colonization, to solve the problems of labour shortage in colonial Australia. His proposal on the development of colonial Australia was that land should not be freely and cheaply available. It should be sold at sufficient price to ensure that only men of capital could afford it. The money earned from selling land should be used to assist selected free migrants to Australia.3.The “Washminster” form of polity: The “Washminster” form of polity is adopted by the Australia government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political structure of the government is based on a Federation of States with a three-tier system of government. However, the thief executive is a Prime Minister, instead of a President as in the US system.4.The advantages of the pluralist form of government: The advantages of the pluralist form of government are : it enables the citizens to exercise their political right to choose their own government; it secures transparency and accountability of the government; it provides for an alternative government which cancompetently take over the state affairs should any government collapse; the citizens can exert their power through major interest groups.5.Multiculturalism: Multiculturalism was adopted in 1973. It was comprised of policy: Cultural Identity, which means the right to express and share one’s cultural heritage; Social Justice, to right to equal treatment and opportunity; and Economic Efficiency, the need to maintain and develop the skills of all Australia regardless of their backgrounds6.The Write Australia Policy: The White Australia Policy was officially adopted by the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, in the Immigration Restriction Art. It was made to stop Chinese and other non-British migrants form entering and setting down in Australia. This was mainly achieved through a diction test in a European language. The White Australia Policy was officially abolished in 1973.7.The Resource Management Act：The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealander s’ environmental awareness. Under the Act, laws governing land, air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well. The Act came into force in 1991. With it, New Zealand leads the World in environmental legislation.8.MMPR：MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation. Under this new election system, each voter has two votes, the first one for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party. The second vote, when counted nation-wide, decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament.9.Structures of government：Canada’s system o f government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy. The official head of state is the Queen, but she is represented by an official called a Governor General as she doesn’t live in Ca nada. Canada is a federation with ten provinces and three territories. The gov ernment of the country is referred to as “the federal government”, to distinguish it fromthe lower level government of each province. The Canadian parliament is divided into the House of Commons and the Senate. The members of the House of Commons are elected, whereas the senators are appointed by the Governor General, who acts upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons forms the Government and the party leader becomes Prime Minister. The cabinet, chosen by the Prime Minister, is made up of senior MPs from the governing party.10.Immigration policy of Canada: Canada’s immigration policy is mainly based on practical economic considerations. Immigration meant importing labour, even today immigration policy is based on who the country needs to help it prosper. Another characteristic is that it accepts more readily groups who will more easily fit into the Canadian society. These make Canada look hard-headed rather than humanization. There have been changes in immigration regulations and practices, and the Canadian immigration record is significantly less racist than it used to be.11.Three factors that influence Canadian economy：First of all, Canadian economy is influenced by Canada’s physical geograph y, which is rich in natural resources; but the huge sizeand small population of the country has made extracting and transporting goods to markets difficult. The second influence is its neighbour, the United States, which has a much more powerful economy and a larger market. This means that trade has quite naturally developed and regions. The third influence is federal government’s intervention in the economy: the federal government has constantly intervened in the development of the country’s re sources and infrastructure,rather than allowing market forces to play a full role.12.Canada-US Free Trade Agreement：The Free Trade Agreement was negotiated between Canada and the United States when conservative leader Brian Malroney was the Prime Minister of Canada. FTA came into effect on January 1, 1989 with a schedule of removing tariff protection on most items by 1998. The idea was that freer international trade is beneficial to all. For Canada, this has been an “imperfect” and controversial agreement. One controversial aspect was the agreement to allow free movement of agriculture products, which put Canadian farmers into direct competition with their larger, more competitive American counterparts. Another controversial issue was the provision of a guarantee that US would retain access to Canadian energy supplies in case of emergency or changes in world supplies, which some critics said was a loss of Canadian sovereignty. Entering into the FTA also meant a new, reduce role in the economy for a government that has been by tradition, very interventionist. However, FTA will probably bring benefits in the long run as the world becomes more economically interdependent and more tolerant of the free trade principles envisioned by the GATT.13.Canada-US relations：The Canadian-US relationship isunique in many ways：First, they are two of the most open and interconnected societies in the world. The sovereignty of the two countries is less formal and concrete. Second, they share a long, undefended border. And they participated in the same military alliance, most notably, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Third, they also share long term interests in their economy. And to facilitate economic integration, the two countries established the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). However, in Canadian-US relationship, there are points where differences of opinion occur. Canadian-American relations have often been rocky because of disagreements over foreign policy.14.The first Nations:The First Nations are the native tribes of aboriginal people who lived in Canada before the European explorers settled. They were officially referred to as “the First Nations” because they are the original inhabit ants of the country, and because there is not one single group or culture—there are many “nations”, or tribes, which have different languages, customs and beliefs.1.Describe women’s situation in the colonial Australia.From 1788 to the 1830s, many wives of convicts made desperate efforts to be brought out to live with their husbands.For these wives, being left behind in the UK often meant deprivation even death, for them and their children. A women was claimed as a servant and /or a concubine. Convicts could claim the remaining women. The women who were not claimed claimed either sle pt on the streets or were sent to the “Female Factory”-a prison in Paramatta. Single women were at risk of being viciously treated. For women this vicious system meant that they were obliged to work and sleep with one man or bear the considerable risks of being shared between men.Women in the colony had little choice between an informal family relationship or prostitution.1.What are some of the key changes that have been introduced by the Australia government since 2007?Some key changes have been introduced since 2007. The government has withdrawn its troops from Iraq, although it maintains military support for the USA involvement in Afghanistan. The Labour Government also abandoned the Liberal Party’s commitment to a balanced budget by making major government investments in education, health, communications and the environment. The other major political change in the 21st century has been the increased popular support for the Green Party.3.How has New Zealand avoided the air, water and land pollution problems that other industrialized countries have?Favourable geographic features, low population and a late development of industry mean New Zealand has avoided the air, water and land pollution problems of more densely populated and heavily industrialized countries.Individuals and their local authorities reduce waste and recycle their rubbish. There are no nuclear power plants or weapons. New Zealand has significantly influenced international attitudes on ozone depletion, whaling, sustainable forestry and the relationship between trade and the environment issues, such as climate change, biodiversity, pollution and waste.4.What is so unique about Canadian-American relations?Canadian-American relationship is a unique one: they are two of the most open and inter connected societies in the world. Unlike relations between other states, the sovereignty of the two countries is less formal and concrete and it is pointed out that,fo r example, Canada doesn’t have a “policy” for dealing with its neighbour. Canadian-American relations have often been rocky because of disagreements over foreign policy. Two heads of state nearly coming to blows—but in a way it characterizes the closeness of the relationship between Canada and the USA. Like brothers, these two countries may quarrel sometimes, but their relationship is too important to ever be seriously jeopardized by disagreements over short- and medium- term issues.。

英美文化概论问答题

1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?—— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and King John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.3. Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?——The early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to America in 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.4. What were the causes of the War of Independence?——The economy in the thirteen colonies developed very fast and people wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. On April 19, 1775, on their way to Concord to seize the military supplies of the militia there, the British soldiers met armed militiamen. The shots were fired, the War of Independence began.I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman Conquest9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor15. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The M idwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal47. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jeffer son bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick DouglassII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s po pulation from four million to ______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and _____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-Americanshe Magna Carta (Barons Vs the King)♦Henry II –Richard – John (1199)♦“King of Lackland” granted the list of demands of the barons and signed The Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215, which contains:♦①extra payments not exacted without the vassals consent;♦②laws not arbitrarily modified♦③the king not free from lawSignificance: freedom of trade and self-government of the townspeople; merchants and craftsmen appeared as a political force; formation of liberty, limitation of King’s power8. List the reasons why people migrate to the United States. (5%)Many people see America as the land of opportunity - the land of milk and honey - the Promised Land. Whether this is true or not, it becomes a matter of personal experience. For many, the move to America may be the best thing they ever did, and these are the people who become successful in their endeavors. For other people, the move to America may become a nightmare, and this will depend under what conditions these people moved to this country. The issue is that for illegal immigrants,it will be much difficult to find better employment, which may end up slowing down their dreams and shortening their quality of life and opportunities. Therefore, to be able to have certain advantage, immigrating legally is number one option when moving to America.People come to America in search of better employment opportunities and more money.For many people, moving here represents a better way of life and more freedom of expression.Another reason is the cost of living. In many European countries, the cost of living is much higher than in the USA, so if they have similar political liberties, they decide to move to America. Others visit and see those liberties in amazement and decide they want to enjoy that type of freedom. Other foreigners may have relatives in the country and decide to come to America as well.The American Dream•The pursuit of the American Dream has been alive in the imagination of its immigrants since the beginning of the nation. Many people havebeen inspired by the belief that in the United States, hard work leads toprosperity and social mobility.Pop Culture•After World War II, the United States has exported its popular culture to the world. Many aspiring immigrants grew up watching U.S. movies and television, listening to U.S. music and wanting to wear and possess U.S.brands. This American image represented all that was cool and modern for the youth abroad.Land of Opportunity•Being a relatively new country, with an abundance of land and resources, America was once seen as a land of opportunity, wherethere was enough land and a vibrant economy to accommodate all itsresidents.Education and Career•Because of its economic wealth and large middle-class, immigrants come to the United States to study at its well-known universities or workin its market leader industries for generally higher salaries than intheir home countries.Starting Fresh•Because of its size and its being a country of immigrants, many foreigners see America as a clean slate, taking the country's younghistory to symbolize the potential for their own new beginning. New developments• A new trend, however, finds many foreigners who came to the United States to study or work returning to their home countries for bettercareer prospects and a higher quality of life that was not availablebefore in their native country.。

2024年度张奎武《英美概况》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解

构
阐述美国经济制度的基础，如市场经济、私有制等，以及产业结构的现状与特点。
社会问题与挑战
探讨美国当前面临的社会问题，如种族不平等、贫困、犯罪等，以及政府和社会如何应对这些挑战。
2024/3/24
15
课后习题详解：美国部分
1
简答题
回答关于美国历史、文化、社会等方面的简答题，如“简述美国独立战争的背景和结果”、“分析个人主义在美国文化中的地位和影响”等。
阐述美国多元文化的特点，以及不同民族在美国社会中的融合过程。
实用主义与创新精神
探讨实用主义哲学对美国文化的影响，以及创新精神在美国科技、经济等领域中的体现。
14
美国社会现状与特点
政治体制与权力结
构
分析美国政治体制的特点，包括总统制、三权分立等，以及权力结构中的利益集团、政党等因素。
经济制度与产业结
英美在国际事务中的影响力分析英美在国际组织、全球治理等方面的作用和影响力。
2024/3/24
英美外交政策的异同点比较英美在外交政策制定和实施上的相似性和差异性。
20
课后习题详解：政治制度与外交关系部分
习题一
解释英国君主立宪制的基本原则和特点。
习题二
分析美国总统制与英国君主立宪制的异同点。
2024/3/24
过去几十年来，英美两国在文化领域的交流活动不断增多。例如，英国皇家莎士比亚剧团和美国百老汇的戏剧合作、英国国家美术馆和美国大都会艺术博物馆的艺术交流等。这些活动为两国人民提供了更多了解和欣赏对方文化的机会。
随着全球化的深入发展，英美两国之间的文化交流将继续加强。未来，两国可以在数字创意产业、影视制作、艺术教育等领域开展更多合作，共同推动世界文化的繁荣和发展。

WEEK4英美文化概况Survey2UKUSA-historyEnglandPart1

Most people were farmers or fishermen. High quality wool was made in Britain too.

There was a lot of mining for lead and other metals which the Romans valued. Under Roman rule, England and Wales were rather peaceful…particularly in the second century
Hadrian’s Wall
This was built as a sort of border between the Roman lands to the south and the Celtic territory to the north. Roman soldiers built the wall. They built it quickly but remember it is not nearly as long as the Great Wall. Building the wall across northern England also gave soldiers something to do….

Life in Roman Britain…
The Romans either started or greatly built up many cities in England, particularly. For example, London is a name from the Latin word for the city…Londinium There is to the present day a city called “Bath” in the south on the Bristol Channel which has hot springs…Romans LOVED baths

英美文化概况——2015-01-21

1.“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point with theexamples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years. Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2.What is the political problem in Northern Ireland？Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.3.What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain theDeclaration of independence?the causes of the American Revolution(1), The French & Indian War (1756-1763)The desire of England to levy more taxes on the colonies and the desire of the colonists to have more right and freedom made the conflicts intensified(2), The EnlightenmentIt provided the colonists with a theoretical & philosophical weapon against the British rule and marked the formation and maturity of the new nation(3),The British Mercantilist Policy, such as Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, etc.(4),Boston Tea Party (1773)In 1773, the British government passed the Tea Act, which permitted the British East India Company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. This Act made many merchants angrier than ever with the British.(5), Outbreak: The first shot in Lexington (April, 1775)The Declaration of Independence (1776), drafted in June, 1776, is at once a national s ymbol of liberty and a monument to Jefferson as a statesman and author. In lofty eloq uence and unforgettable phrasing, the document expressed the convictions in the heart s and minds of the American people.4.Tell what you know about the British media.British people usually read a national or local newspaper, watch TV, listen to the radio at their leisure time.The British media plays an important role in British political system: inform the population about problems the country may be facing and what the government is doing to solve such problems. In engendering a national culture: people from different field all share the same experience, they could discuss what they had read or seen——British are all part of the British culture.The British media has the following functions:•Provide people with information about political and social issues•Provide weather reports•Carry advertising•Used for educational purposes•Provide a forum for people to express their views•Seek advice•Give people entertainment•Serve for the political and economic system•Work as a monitor5.How did the Cold War begin? What role did the US play in this?There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.(1) Underlying causes: (i) Ideological ; (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War: (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe ; (ii) The reactions of the United States; (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union .6.Discuss King John and the Great Charter.King John is the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England. He was the king of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.The Great Charter has been also known as Magna Carta which King John was forced to sign in 1215. Its most important clauses were: no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; the Church should possess all its rights; London and other towns should retain their ancient rights. But the Great Charter said nothing about serfs. The Great Charter has been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.7.What do you think of the British foreign relations?The general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet.Britain’s relationship with international institutions1) one of the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council— Russia,China, the US, France and the UK2) its membership in the European Union(Britain joined the EuropeanEconomic Community in 1973, which has been called European Union since 1993.Britain’s participation i n the EU remains controversial.)3) involvement in NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in1949. The author believes that the purpose of NATO is to protect member states against aggression, to provide a foundation for security in Europe, and to providea forum for transatlantic defense cooperation.)4) a member of the Commonwealt h, a voluntary association of states which ismade up of mostly of former British colonies.5. its relationship with the US. British and American policy-makers share thegeneral ideas in many respects. However, Britain’s “special relationship” with the US has gone through many ups and down.8.Discuss the education system in the USA.The federal government influences education and contributes financially to school’s development. The state establishes policies for the educational policy and practice it.All states require young people to attend schools. Every child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of education(1) Elementary Education--- Elementary School (grammar school)—fromkindergarten to grade 8 .Almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics; language arts; penmanship(书法); science; social studies……(2) Secondary education--- Junior high school/ Senior high school/ V ocationalschools and technical school (prepare for occupations)(3) Higher education in the USA began with the founding of Harvard College in1636.1/3 high school graduators go on for higher education.There are four categories of higher education institutions: 1),the university; 2),the 4-year undergraduate institution: the college- most of which are not part of a university; 3),the technical training institution: learning variety of technical skills: hair styling, business accounting; 4),the 2-year, or community college.9.How do you comment on the holidays and festivals in Britain?Many festivals and holidays in Britain are centuries old. Every town, village and hamlet in Britain has its own traditions, some involving months of careful planning and preparations of costumes and choreography, others requiring simplya worrying desire to make a complete and utter fool of oneself. There are a lot ofholidays, such as Christmas, the Boxing Day, Easter, Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) ,etc.10.Tell what you know about “Football hooligans” and “Wimbledon”.Football was invented in Britain. It is a rough fast game played in winter and early spring. Today, it is one of the most popular sports in Britain. Millions of people watch the FA Cup games. But in recent years, people are much concerned about football violence“Football hooligans”are supporters of rival teams. They sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up.Tennis was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church. Wimbledon is a suburb in London. In Wimbledon, the world’s best players gather to compete in the annual international tennis championship. It is one of the major events of the Britishsporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associated with the "Wimbledon fortnight" are eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain.11.How do you comment on the Political System in the USA?The U.S. Constitution established three separate but equal branches of government, the legislative branch (which makes the law), the executive branch (which enforces the law), and the judicial branch (which interprets the law).Under a system of checks and balances, power is divided among different branches of government. This system is based upon the idea that each branch will be protective of its own power and, thus, prevent, intrusions upon it from other branches–thereby preventing any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.12.What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech explaining plans for a “ university of the air”--an educational system which would make use of television，radio and correspondence courses. Study centers have been set up all over the country so that students can attend once a week，and once a year they will spend a week at one of the university s summer schools.It has been nearly 30 years since the Open University started to offer courses. Now it is a very important part of the British educational system. Not only does it offer foundation courses like those mentioned above，it also carries out very advanced scientific researches，some of which lead to Master s or PHD Degrees. Many othercountries have started similar educational programmes following the successful example of the Open University in Britain.。

英美文化概况4

V. Questions for Consideration • 1. What are the purposes of the British educational system? Please comment on these purposes. What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations? • 2. How does the British education system reflect social class?
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Unit 7 Exercise
I. True or False
• 1. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T • 2. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. F • 3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools. F
IV. Tell what you know about the following in your own words. • • • • 1. Comprehensive school 2. Grammar school 3. Independent school 4. The Open University

小度写范文英美文化概况名词解释问答题-内科名词解释及简答题模板

⼩度写范⽂英美⽂化概况名词解释问答题-内科名词解释及简答题模板英美⽂化概况名词解释问答题|内科名词解释及简答题英美⽂化概况问答题以及答案：1. What are the some of the major powers of each of the three panches of the US government? How are the three panches supposed to check and balance each other? Can political reform in China borrow anything from that? 美国政府三⼤部门的⼀些主要权利是什么？三⼤部门之间如何制约和平衡？中国的政治改⾰能否从中借鉴什么？A．What are the some of the major powers of each of the three panches of the US government? The three panches—the Legislative, the Executive, headed by the president. And the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court.The Legislative, including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representative) 。

The legislativepanch(⽴法机构）is the only panch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.The Executive, headed by the president. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate. The president has poad powers, with the executive panch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The judicial panch(司法机构) is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states. The Supreme Court has the judicial review power.B．How are the three panches supposed to check and balance each other?Sy stem of “checks and balances (制约与平衡的原则)” of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one panch or another.C．Can political reform in China borrow anything from that?China does not make the separation, but can absorb the reasonable factors. The people”s congress system is a basic system suitable to China”s national conditions. It directly reflects that people”s democratic dictatorship is national nature in our country, reflected the whole picture of our political life and is the basic forms and means for the people to be the masters of democratic rights.(中国不搞三权分⽴，但可以吸收其合理的因素。

文化中学课堂中的英美文化介绍

文化中学课堂中的英美文化介绍在文化中学的课堂中，我们经常会接触到各种各样的主题和话题。

其中，介绍英美文化是一个重要的内容，它让我们了解英语国家的传统、价值观和日常生活方式。

本文将通过多个方面来介绍英美文化，以帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏这两个国家的文化。

一、食物文化英美文化中的食物广泛而多样，代表性的菜肴和食物很多。

在英国，下午茶文化是非常重要的，人们喜欢在下午享受茶和点心，如松饼、酥皮点心等。

而在美国，汉堡包、热狗、披萨等快餐食品非常受欢迎。

此外，英美文化中也有很多传统的食物，如英国的炸鱼和薯条，以及美国的炖牛肉、烤火鸡等。

二、音乐文化英美文化中的音乐有着举足轻重的地位，代表了各种音乐流派和风格。

英国是流行音乐的发源地之一，著名的摇滚乐队如披头士和滚石是英国的代表。

此外，英国还有古典音乐和民谣等丰富的音乐传统。

美国则是爵士乐、蓝调和摇滚乐等的发源地，同时也是流行音乐和嘻哈音乐的重要产地。

英美的音乐文化丰富多样，展示了不同音乐风格的魅力。

三、节日文化英美文化中举办的节日也是独具特色的。

在英国，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一，人们会在圣诞节前后装饰家庭和街道，互赠礼物，享用圣诞大餐。

除此之外，英国人还庆祝万圣节和复活节等传统节日。

在美国，除了圣诞节，感恩节也是一个非常重要的节日。

感恩节是美国人民回报上苍恩泽的日子，一家人会聚在一起分享丰盛的晚餐，感恩彼此。

此外，美国人还过独立日、万圣节等多个节日，每个节日都有着独特的庆祝方式和习俗。

四、体育文化体育在英美文化中扮演着重要的角色，尤其是足球和棒球在两国极为受欢迎。

在英国，足球是国民运动，英超联赛的比赛吸引了众多球迷的关注。

此外，板球、橄榄球、高尔夫等也是英国人喜爱的运动项目。

在美国，棒球被誉为“美国的国粹”，每年的世界系列赛是全美国的焦点。

篮球、橄榄球和冰球也是美国人喜欢的运动。

五、文学艺术英美文化中的文学艺术产生了众多世界级的作品和名人。

英国文学的代表作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说以及雪莱、济慈等浪漫主义诗人的作品。

英美文化概况unit3

It followed a capitalist development road.
Pattern 4
Quaker Pennsylvania

Set by William Penn
Their beliefs: people can communicate directly with God no church, no priest, only a meeting place all were born equal, not sinful they lived a simple life, with thrifty and selfdenial

Pattern 2
Puritan New England

The second enduring English settlement English puritans: Protestants Their religious beliefs: God as incomprehensible to men Puritan salvation everyone has a calling the Bible

The First Continental Congress: Leaders urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts The colonists

The American War of Independence began
茶党斗争

His son carried out his father’s will and wish to introduce a feudal system : gentleman: the privilege of wearing distinctive medals; lands were to be tilled by indentured freeholder: no privileges