IELTS—Writing第三课时—地图、流程图
雅思小作文流程图分析思路及写作方法
雅思小作文流程图分析思路及写作方法题目给出的是流程图,就是以图示的方法把一个过程或流程清楚地显示了出来,现在要求考生做的是把该流程图还原成说明文。
由此可见,我们实际上要做的就是看图作文。
而大家都知道,看图作文是我们在小学最初学写作文时的入门做法。
照着图来写,省却了要自己想象和构思的过程,这自然比起写议论文的挑战度要低一些。
所以,大家应该更有信心去对付流程图作文,毕竟实际上所做的是“看图作文”。
流程图写作基本原则流程图作文就是以对流程的叙述居多的。
全文的精心安排通常分成两个主要部分:开场白段和主体部分。
开场白段就是用以并作概述的,了解该流程图则表示了一个什么什么的过程,常用的句型居多语+谓语+宾语模式。
然后视情况可以多提一句说道整个过程可以分成若干个阶段。
开场白段只需一段,通常就是这么一二句话。
主体部分是文章的核心部分,主要是说明该流程,所以是说明文式的行文。
主体部分可依照整个流程分成几个阶段而大体相应地分为几个自然段。
主体部分的写作原则如下:1. 把图看懂这是首要前提,理解了流程图表示的是什么以及是怎样的一个过程,才谈得上用文字表达出来。
能否看得懂图取决于几方面的因素:词汇量,知识面,生活经验和常识等。
考生平时要有心地做一下这些方面的积累和准备。
一般来说,流程图是不难看懂的。
万一有些什么地方卡住了,也要大胆地合乎逻辑地去猜测,推想,判断,要灵活机敏。
2. 按图示的顺序写下流程图会表示一个过程的流向顺序。
因此,不难按照图示的顺序来写。
若是分成几个阶段的,就按顺序逐个阶段来描述,通常就相应地分成几个自然段落。
3. 将图所提供更多的词拓展(或串成)成句子流程图中会提供一些关键的说明性的词,比如步骤或环节的名称,怎样做,添加什么原料,去掉什么,输送到哪儿等等。
我们就可以直接利用这些关键词写成句子,方法有两类,依照图的情况而分别采用之。
如果流程图比较简短,用扩展的办法,就是以一个关键词为核心词,扩展成一个甚至两个句子,以达到字数的要求。
最新雅思写作流程图Flow-chart讲义
Flow chart = process diagram一、流程图的特点1. 描绘某一事物的发展或运作过程2. 遵循某种顺序3. 图中会标出原材料的名称和步骤的细节4. 一般会出现一些专业生词5. 流程最终要达成某种目的或结果二、流程图的写作步骤1. 读题目,确定描述什么?目的或结果?2. 找信息,定步骤所有的信息点,包括图中所有有文字的地方,或所有表示动作或变化的图示(所有的时间、大小、距离等数字信息)1.定框架,写文章第一段:介绍流程图是做什么的。
第二段:详细介绍原料与准备、每一步的变化、过程及结果。
第三段:简单总结2.读文章,做检查单词拼写、语法、替换重复的词汇等。
三.流程图常用的表达1. The flow chart illustrates the recycling process of _____.2. The process of ____ involves the following steps.3. The whole procedure of ___ can be categorised into ____ stages.4. The row materials for ____ include ___, ___ and ____.5. The first step is to ______.6. ____ with ____ is prepared to _____.7. ____ is used as ____ of ____.8. _____ is mixed with ____ to produce _____.9. _____ can change into ____, when ____.10. The process of ____ is really a simple(complicated) process.The pictures below show the recycling process of wasted glass bottles.As is displayed in the flow chart, the recycling process of glass is really a complex one.The overall process can be categorised=classified=divided into three stages.First, glass products in various forms are gathered=assembled in the Collection point, so that they are easily transported by special trucks or vans to the Cleaning plant, where they get sterilisation byhigh-pressured water. There are three different channels in the Recycling plant, namely Brown, Green and Clear, which represent the colors of glass. After recycled in the furnace, glass products are melted=forged into recycled liquid glass. Mixed with new liquid glass, the compound is finally moulded into solid glass, which, afterwards, will be sent to various customer supermarkets for selling. Thus, the glass will go to the customers for different purposes.Through a brief introduction of the circle of glass recycling, we come to realize that recycling plays a vital role inenvironmental protection and ecological preservation.The diagram below describes how to recycle organic waste to produce compost(fertilizer).1. The flow chart illustrates the recycling process of organic waste toproduce fertilizer.As is clearly shown in the picture, the first step is to find a plastic container of two cubic metres and stab several holes on its body so that air could fill in. Secondly, a 15cm thick layer of food is placed at the bottom of the container and grass is put just above the layer for the same height with some news paper covered on the very top. After that, some nitrogen and water are added into the container, and the water should only be hot. Finally, the container is sealed up and the external heat would help the formation of the compost. After six months, when the fertilizer is ready, all we have to do is to pour it into garden soil to nourish plants and flowers.Generally speaking, making garden fertilizer in this way is easy to operate but it costs much time.2. The flow chart shows the whole process of producing fertilizer by recycling organic waste.Firstly, a two cubic metres plastic container is prepared, with some air holes on its body. Secondly, some organic waste is put into the plastic container. The organic waste includes news paper, grass and food. The right order of adding them is putting food in the bottom 15cm of the container and grass in the middle 15cm upon food. News paper is on the very top. Then nitrogen and water are added into the container. What should be noticed isthat water can only be hot water. The next step is to seal up and heat the container. After six months, compost is produced. So we can use them to fertilize the garden.As can be seen from the picture, it is usually simple to change organic waste into fertilizer used to water flowers and trees in the garden.3. The information provided in the diagram is about how to use organic waste to produce compost in the following several simple stages.The first stage is to prepare a plastic container, two cubic metres in volume, with some ventilation holes on the side.Then organic waste such as leaves, pieces of paper and residues can be placed into the container so that three layers (each 15 cm) can be formed in the bottom---news paper, grass and food respectively from up to down. The next important step is to add nitrogen into it and then pour hot water only in to mix together. What is remembered to do next is that the container needs to be sealed and heated. As a result, the vapor can be emitted through the holes located on its body. After that it takes roughly six months to convert into composts and then they are ready for fertilizing plants and flowers in the garden.。
雅思流程图和地图
巧克力制作流程图
The diagrams explain the different stages in the process of making chocolate. 【所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时 。流程图必备三个词:process:整个过程, stage:阶段/step:步骤】
After this the fruit is peeled and the cores are removed. It is then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans. Juice or syrup is also added to the cans. Once the cans have been filled they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that the cans are sterilized. When the cans are cool, a label is attached and they are placed into storage. The canned fruit is now ready to be dispatched to supermarkets and sold.
2.
stages---连接词
按时间顺序/步骤 to begin with/at first/initially/in the first stage The first stage involves… then/next/later/after this/subsequently secondly/in the following stage/step The next/following stage includes… Finally/eventually/at the last stage The last stage contains… 具体描述某个步骤 at this point/stage/phase at the same time/moment meanwhile/while
雅思作文写作task 第三课时—地图、流程图
I E L T S图表作文讲解:地图、流程图学生面授老师时间本次课时IELTS写作第三课时教学思路1. 作文简介、写作技巧2. 实例讲解3. 分析总结4. 课后作业教学目标1. 地图、流程图理论分析分析2. 掌握两类图表作文的基本特征和写作方法3. 学习写作思路讲解重点地图、流程图写作方法范文学习常用句式总结备考资料剑桥基础资料教学详细内容:一、分析雅思图表作文—地图、流程图理论1. 地图题特点地图题分两种,一种为地理变迁题,一种为选址题。
地理变迁题描述的是一个地方(多为一个城镇)在一段时间的发展变化。
时态:图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化,文章用一般过去时。
如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势,文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。
如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化,可用现完成时。
细节变化:地图每个细节变化都要提到,不要忽视一个细节语态:地图题用被动语态2.流程图(flow chart)特点其一,流程图的题目基本不会重复,因此复习已经考过的题目不会太大效果,第二,流程图的词汇随着图表的对象而变化,很少出现重复的词汇。
流程图考察的次数不多,每年大概3-5次,集中出现在年初和年末的三个月。
一般来说,流程图和普通图表的区别主要在于:流程图基本上不会出现数据,文字信息占主要地位流程图以描述为主,比较的机会比图表题少流程图中出现的信息都需要描述,而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据流程图的时态比较单一,主要是用一般现在时流程图的分段比较灵活,只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显,就可以另起一段3. 流程图备考注意事项:1)注意掌握段落连接或者不同阶段之间的说法(sequence expression)表示首阶段的一些说法a)The process starts fromb)At the first/initial stage,c)At the beginning of the cycle,d)During the initial phase,e)The beginning of the whole cycle is marked byf)(名词 or 动名词)is the first step in (+ 名词 or 动名词)表示次段的一些说法:a)The second stage isb)The next step in the process is表示最后阶段的一些说法a)(名词 or 动名词) is the last step in the procedure.b)The final phase of the procedure is aboutc)In the final phase,d)Entering the final phase,e)(名词 or 动名词) is the final stage.2)要注意各个阶段的比较,充实文章内容,避免平铺直叙3)注意流程图的读图顺序:找出流程图的始末点,并划分中间的步骤或阶段;掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words),用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序。
雅思小作文范文--装置图 流程图 表格
小作文流程图The given graph indicates the procedures of glass bottle recycle by three main stages.According to the table, various glass bottles are gathered in the collecting site and then transported to the cleaning station at the very beginning. Then it comes to the second stage where the bottles are washed by the high pressured water, after which they are categorized into Brown, Green as well as clear groups based on their color. After that, bottles are delivered to the recycling plant where the prepared bottles are burned in furnace with high temperature into liquid glass for recycle. Next, the recycled liquid glass along with new liquid glass is shaped into bottles again through glass moulds. Finally, the newly produced glass bottles are launched into the customer supermarket, till this point, the process of glass recycle is finished completely.In summary, it is obvious that stage 2 is the most crucial and complex one during the whole recycling process.装置图The given table reveals how the water collecting set functions to gather water in the wild.At the very beginning, in order to prepare the set, it is necessary to find a hole on the ground which can receive sufficient sunshine and abound with plenty of green plants. Then a container used to collect water is placed in the center of the hole, and the hole is covered by a plastic sheet, fixed by stones on the edge. However, it is recommended to place a suitable stone in the middle of the sheet to ensure its lower position exactly above the water container.When the sun shines above the green plants, plants will generate water vapor owing to the photosynthesis, and the water vapor is condensed into water drops on the plastic sheet. Under the effect of gravity, the water drops increasingly gather in the lower point and fall into the container placed under the plastic sheet.组合图-C6T1The curve graph reveals the international water consumption during the entire 20th century, and water usage in Brazil as well as Congo in 2000 is illustrated in the second chart.According to the line chart, the global water used in agriculture(500 km³) considerably outweighed that in industry (50 km³) and household(20 km³) section were, and they lead a similarly slight increase in the first 50 years. However, since 1950, the agricultural water consumption witnessed a constantly dramatic rise, reaching the peak at exactly 3000 km³in 2000. On the other hand, industrial and domestic water usage rose moderately in the second half century, peaking at around 1300 and 400 km³respectively. In the second chart, we can clearly find that the water use of each person(359 m³) of Brazil in 2000, which possessed 176 million inhabitants and 26,500㎡irrigating lands, intensively surpassed that of Congo (8 m³), with only 5.2 million dwellers and 100㎡irrigating lands.In summary, the water worldwide was mainly consumed by agriculture field during the given 100 years, and Brazil’s average individual substantially overweighed that of Congo in 2000.柱状图-C7T3A glance at this bar chart reveals the changing average prices of house in five cities (New York, Madrid, Tokyo, Frankfurt and London)between 1990 and 2002 in comparison of that in 1989.According to the graph, during the first stage, from 1990 to 1995, the average house prices of New York, Tokyo and London suffered a dramatic fall compared with that 1989, with the percentage decreasing more than 5%. On the other hand, the housing prices in Madrid and Frankfurt experienced a slight increase less than 3%.Between 1996 and 2002, the average house prices of London and New York rose dramatically, especially London with a 12% increase which represented the largest ascent. Madrid and Frankfurt witnessed a slight increase (4% and 2% respectively). Oppositely, the house price in Tokyo still decreased (exactly 5%), even though it recovered a little than the first stage (8%).In conclusion, the average house prices in the given cities from 1990 to 2002 all increased correspondingly except Tokyo compared with 1989.The line curve illustrates the changes of fish and meat consumption in a European country during the year 1979 to 2004.装置图As can be seen from the chart, the consumption of beef stood the largest in 1979 with the data of around 220 grams for each person every week. However, after a fluctuation between 1979 and 1988, it dropped dramatically to the bottom at approximately 100 grams in 2004. Similarly, the lamb also declined constantly in the same period, ending up with about 60 grams in 2004. However, the figure of chicken experienced a significant rise from 140 grams in 1979 to over 250 grams in around 2002, which leveled off to exactly 250 grams in the end. As to the fish consumption, the figure maintained a long-term slight decrease tendency in the whole stage, remaining the least popular food option among the four.In conclusion, the chicken consumption witnessed a staggering increasing whilst other meats decreased to a certain degree in the given period.表格图-C5T4The graph describes data about the subway systems in London, Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoto and Los Angeles.According to the table, London railway possesses the longest history among the six cities, which was opened in 19th century (1863), while that of Los Angeles was opened in the 21st century (2001), also the latest one. The other four underground systems were all built in 20 century. In terms of kilometers of route, London subway holds the first place with the length of 394km. The length of subway in Paris, Tokyo as well as Washington DC is between 100 and 200 kilometers. However, that of Kyoto and Los Angeles isbelow 100 kilometers, with Kyoto theshortest (only 11 kilometers). When it comes to the annual passenger transporting capability, Tokyo and Parisexceeds 1000 million, especially Tokyo the largest (1927 million), while Los Angeles and Kyoto transport fewer than 100 million per year, 50 and 45 million respectively. The number of the rest two cities lies between 100 and 1000 million.In conclusion, London railway ranks the first in terms of opening date and route length whereas Kyoto the least in route length as well as annual passenger transporting.。
雅思小作文-地图流程图
Chronologically, during the first 15 years from 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main road to its west. From 1883 to 1922, we see that the village expanded to south, almost tripled the original scale.
先描述S1地理位置,再写其空间优势
01
02
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically, the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
雅思小作文-线图课件
P3
In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries
介绍段包括
时间段 X轴
数据形式 Y轴
研究的对象
大体描绘一下趋势
D
C
A
B
The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.
The line graph describes the percentage of radio listeners and television viewer over four years in the U.K. throughout the day from Oct to Dec in1992.
线型作文三要素
趋势
添加标题
时间
添加标题
prep
添加标题
数据
添加标题
v+adv/adj+n
添加标题
tense
添加标题
雅思写作,地图流程
不同的TASK1类型:动态数据图,静态数据图,地图,流程图。
时态对比:过去到现在,现在到将来。
改述:名词换名词,动词换动词。
从句:后面详细解释清楚啦。
动态、静态有三个:时态,从句,比较级最高级。
地图题:时态,从句。
流程图:从句。
(评分点:名词改述)小作文题目限定框架,在框架中使用得分点内容动态在于挑选数据,写变化最明显数据。
静态在于比较形式,差值比(第一比第二多多少)、倍数比(第一比第二多多少倍),写变化最明显数据。
地图:在于逻辑句型流程:在于步骤衔接。
地图:1.对比(听力中地图)2.变迁(同一地点,不同时间的变化)按时态分段,过去一段,现在一段。
开头结尾可写,可不写,锦上添花。
地图题按照既定顺序,挨着说,先这个建筑,再旁边是什么。
开头句可以:Starting from A with the clockwise/counterclockwise order.要么顺时针,要么逆时针。
1.There be句型(不加减分)There is a supermarket in this area.2.There be句型(倒装,前后顺序发生变化)In this area there is a supermarket.3.代替(限定性定语从句)The place where is used to be a car park is a supermarket now.(非限定性定语从句)This place used to be a car park,which is replaced by the supermarket now.4.条件从句(主将从现)If you stand in front of the supermarket,you’ll find a shopping mall is to the east of it.转变为时间状语从句:when you stand in front of the supermarket,you can find a shopping mall is to the east of it.If one stands in front of the supermarket,he will find a shopping mall is to the east of it.PS:To the north of强调两者关系,in the north of强调在整体的位置。
雅思小作文地图流程图资料讲解
• The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.
• 选址型
• The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silk worm.
• First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.
• Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage
P3
P3
• This new expansion was almost twice the scale of the old village.
• The Chorleywood Park and a golf course separated the old and new area.
P4
• Thus, we see the fast expansion history of this small village across a span of over 100 years.
雅思写作地图题和流程图题怎么写?
雅思写作地图题和流程图题怎么写?用一个题目给大家说一下雅思小作文“流程图”的注意事项。
剑桥雅思8TestThe diagrams below show the stages andequipment used in the cement-making process,and how cement is used to produceconcrete for building purposes.顺序是核心,这也是绝大多数人都已经解决了的是问题。
简单说来,按照流程的顺序来写。
根据流程的先后,加上表示时间关系衔接词(下文中有)就可以把图形表述清楚。
简单说来,流程图的写作,就是看懂图形并用图中的词造句。
这幅图中标注了大量的名词和动词,基础不够好的考鸭,在造句的时候会出现大量的名词单复数和动词词形错误。
所以,首先,考鸭必须判断出图中的名词是否可数(是否有复数,复数是否可以加-s)。
1.图中器具类(crusher,mixer,rotating heater,grinder,bags)都是可数名词。
0)I like apple.(误,可数名词不能单独出现)1)I like the apple.(正,the apple指苹果这一类事物)2)I like apples.(正)3)I like the apples.(正)4)I like an apple.(正)2.图中材料类(limestone,clay,power,cement,water,sand,gravel)都是不可数名词(加了-s都是错的)。
第二,应该判断词性是否可变。
crusher-->crushmixer-->mixheater-->heatgrinder-->grind(都是名词变成动词;没有这些动词,作文无法写)时态通常情况下,流程图都是用一般现在时来写(注意be动词应该用is还是are,注意实意动词是否应该加-s)范文:The first flow chat shows how cement is produced and what materials and equipment are required in the process.The production of cement can be divided into4steps andlimestone and clay are the raw materials required.They are first crushed into powder by two crushers.The powder is mixed in a mixer before being heated in a cylindrical rotatingheater.What comes out of the heater is then ground into the desired cement,which is later packaged in individual bags.The second chart illustrates that cement can be used toproduce concrete and that the concrete-producing process is much simpler than that of cement alone.The procedureconsists only of combining cement,sand,gravel and water ina concrete mixer,and the proportions of each ingredient needto be15%,25%,50%and10%respectively.Even though concrete is an essential ingredient in theproduction of cement,concrete mainly consists of gravel.范文解析(建议保存图片后查看):上过写作课的宝宝们可能会感觉流程图题比数据表还要简单,所以对于大家说的很难的地图题和流程图题,上过写作课的宝宝们都没有感觉很难,有时甚至感觉流程图题比数据表还要简单。
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IELTS图表作文讲解:地图、流程图学生面授老师时间本次课时IELTS写作第三课时教学思路1. 作文简介、写作技巧2. 实例讲解3. 分析总结4. 课后作业教学目标1. 地图、流程图理论分析分析2. 掌握两类图表作文的基本特征和写作方法3. 学习写作思路讲解重点地图、流程图写作方法范文学习常用句式总结备考资料剑桥基础资料教学详细内容:一、分析雅思图表作文—地图、流程图理论1. 地图题特点➢地图题分两种,一种为地理变迁题,一种为选址题。
地理变迁题描述的是一个地方(多为一个城镇)在一段时间的发展变化。
➢时态:地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化,文章用一般过去时。
如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势,文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。
如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化,可用现完成时。
➢细节变化:地图每个细节变化都要提到,不要忽视一个细节➢语态:地图题用被动语态2.流程图(flow chart)特点其一,流程图的题目基本不会重复,因此复习已经考过的题目不会太大效果,第二,流程图的词汇随着图表的对象而变化,很少出现重复的词汇。
流程图考察的次数不多,每年大概3-5次,集中出现在年初和年末的三个月。
一般来说,流程图和普通图表的区别主要在于:➢流程图基本上不会出现数据,文字信息占主要地位➢流程图以描述为主,比较的机会比图表题少➢流程图中出现的信息都需要描述,而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据➢流程图的时态比较单一,主要是用一般现在时➢流程图的分段比较灵活,只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显,就可以另起一段3. 流程图备考注意事项:1)注意掌握段落连接或者不同阶段之间的说法(sequence expression)➢表示首阶段的一些说法a)The process starts fromb)At the first/initial stage,c)At the beginning of the cycle,d)During the initial phase,e)The beginning of the whole cycle is marked byf)(名词 or 动名词)is the first step in (+ 名词 or 动名词)➢表示次段的一些说法:a)The second stage isb)The next step in the process is➢表示最后阶段的一些说法a)(名词 or 动名词) is the last step in the procedure.b)The final phase of the procedure is aboutc)In the final phase,d)Entering the final phase,e)(名词 or 动名词) is the final stage.2)要注意各个阶段的比较,充实文章内容,避免平铺直叙3)注意流程图的读图顺序:找出流程图的始末点,并划分中间的步骤或阶段;掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words),用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序。
4. 地图、流程图常用词汇、句型第一部分:导游图类别解释:该类作文的考核方式是在一个平面图中进行箭头引导,并要求考生对路线与沿途设施做出说明。
➢总介绍A stretch out/ extend/ radiate fromB to C:A从B延展至CA be circled by B:A被B环绕A cover an area of B:A占地面积为BA be divided intoB byC =C divide A into B A被C分成了B(部分)➢位置介绍A be in the middle/ center of B:A在B中心A be in the vicinity/ proximity/ vicinage of B:A在B邻近A be within walking distance from B:A离B数步之遥➢路径与沿途设施介绍The route/ path/ lane marked with arrow leads A to B:由箭头引导的路线将A引导至BGoing around the first sharp corner, you will find A on your left/ right.在第一个急转弯处,你会在左侧/ 右侧发现A。
Next to it is B where__________________________接下来是B(它处于怎样的位置或有怎样功能)C appears betweenD and E, as you go further down the route.你沿着路线走下去,(会发现)C出现在D和E之间。
Finally, you are going to return to the original point after.....最后,在…之后,你会回到原点。
第二部分:变化图类别解释:该类作文的考核方式是介绍统一建筑或位置在若干年中的布局、结构变化情况。
➢总介绍As shown by the maps, A vary obviously over B如图所示,A在B(时间跨度)间发生了明显变化Separated into......sections, A have B built in it originally. 划分为…部分,A 中原建有BA take up a total area of B, with C making up..., D...., and E.....A的总占地面积为B,其中C、D、E分占…(面积)➢变化介绍The area of A remains unchangeable. A的面积没有发生明显变化。
A be removed fromB toC after the reconstruction. 重建后,A被从B处移到了C。
The positions of A and B are exchanged. A和B的位置出现了对调。
An extra floor is added up to the Tower A. A上又加盖了一层。
第三部分:区位图类别解释:该类作文要求考生交代某一地图中各个地点之间的位置关系(在某些情况下,要求考生在若干地点中选择某一个作为特定设施的选点)。
➢区位关系A be to the north ofB by C(相隔)A be at the north of B(相切)A be in the north of B(包含)A andB share C(共有)➢人口概念The total population of the area is A 该地的总人口数量为AA residents populate the area. A(数量的)居民住在该地区➢交通概念A radiate in all directions. A(常为交通网络)四通八达。
A be accessible from all directions. 从各个方向都能到达A。
二、实例分析地图:The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket S is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.分析思路:1.本图显示了G市的超市选址情况;2. S1情况分析:地理位置是在郊区,因此方便建停车场;离H市近,有很大的潜在顾客;紧邻公路主干道和铁路,交通便捷;3. S2位置分析:地处G市中心地区,周围有大量当地居民;交通不便;离C和B市较近。
范文分析:The map ①shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.首段对文章主题进行概述,并对内容进行改写The first②potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just③off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying ④12 kms to the north-west. This site is ⑤in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it ⑥accessible to shoppersfrom both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also ⑦close to the railway linelinking the two towns to Cransdon(25km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.②:介绍第一个地点的具体情况③④⑤:具体的地理位置信息,多样的位置表述⑥⑦:深层的分析,S1址的潜在优势①In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right②in the town center, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could ③be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a ④no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.①:对比引出另一个点②③:描述具体地理位置信息④:优缺点的介绍,巧妙结合图例Overall, ①neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town ②site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.①:总结S1 S2的总体情况②:给出一个更好的建议流程图:The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Brick manufacturing*Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.分析思路:1. 本图的顺序很好确定,根据箭头一路走下来即可2. 明确图中的主要信息,最为重要的一步就是温度冷却的环节3. 恰当设置先后的衔接词4. 注意文章题目,为industry做bricks,所以在delivery这一步要注意【满分范文】The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can ①be outlined in seven consecutive steps.②First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.①概括本流程图的几个步骤②first直接引出第一步in the first stage,与接下来的段落紧密结合①Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to ②break up the big chunks of clayinto much smaller areas, which ③fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further ④segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are ⑤added to make a homogenous mixture, which is ⑥then either formed in moulds ⑦or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.①:用then衔接流程顺序②③④⑤:一系列的动词不仅表达出流程的先后顺序,而且能巧妙地连接⑥⑦:顺序连接Those fresh bricks are①then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are ②then transferred to aso-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200℃-1300℃. This process③is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to72 hours in a cooling chamber.①②:then连接③:连接词的多样变化,is followed by, following,①Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they ②get packaged and ③delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.①: once···then, after,right after,soon after②③:将最后两步直接联系起来三、课后练习。