美英报刊文章阅读课程期末复习指导
《美英报刊文章阅读》复习
《美英报刊文章阅读》复习BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力《美英报刊文章阅读》复习第一题:将15个英语名词短语翻译成中文(15×1)不好说，不难，自己看书。
最好把书上的单词弄懂意思。
第二题:用英语写出5所著名大学或政府机构名字(5×2)美国大学:Yale University:耶鲁大学 Harvard University:哈佛大学Princeton University:普林斯顿大学 Stanford University:斯坦福大学Brown University:布朗大学 University of Pennsylvania:宾夕法尼亚大Columbia University:哥伦比亚大学……美国政府机构:白宫(The White House) 农业部(ministry of Agriculture) 商务部(Commerce Department) 国防部(Ministry ofNational Defense)联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation) 教育部(Ministry of Education)国防部(Department of Defense Administration) ……第三题:写出5个英语缩写的全称(5×2)BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力FOR EXAM:UN=United Nations第四题:翻译15个报刊杂志或出版社名字成中文(15×1)美国The New York Times 《纽约时报》 Fortune .《财富》 The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮Business Week .《商业周刊》报》 Far Eastern Economic Review .《远东经济Los Angeles Times 《洛杉矶时评论》报》USA Today 《今日美国英国报》 The Times . 《泰晤士The Wall Street Journal .《华尔街日报》报》 Financial Times 《金融时International Herald Tribune .《国际先驱论报》坛报》 The Guardian 《卫报》 The Christian Science Monitor..《基督教科学The Daily Telegraphy .《每日电箴言报》讯报》Time ...《时代》周刊 The Independent .《独立报》Newsweek …《新闻周刊》 The Economist 《经济学U.S. News & World Report ..《美国新闻家》与世界报道》 The Spectator 《旁观者》Reader’s Digest ..《读者文摘》 New Statesman 《新政治BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力家》The Associated Press (AP):美国联合通讯社 Reuters:英国路透社United Press International(UPI):美国合众国际社第五题:回答与课文相关的5个问题(5×3)答案见下页。
2013年秋季学期英语报刊选读课程期末复习指导
2013年秋季学期英语报刊选读课程期末复习指导英语报刊选读课程是英语专业专、本科选修课程，帮助学生了解和扩大有关英语国家的社会与文化的背景知识，如历史、地理、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的概况，了解英语报刊的特点，掌握常见的新闻用语。
同时，通过新闻用语和英美报刊文章的学习以及相关的配套练习，使学生扩大词汇量、增强阅读英语报刊文章的能力，从而达到提高英语总体水平的目的。
为指导湖南广播电视大学英语报刊选读课程的考试命题和组织工作，以及帮助学生行之有效地复习好这门功课，提高教学质量，特制订期末复习指导如下。
一、复习范围和重点1. 复习范围本课程的复习范围为教材《美英报刊文章阅读（精选本）》，北京大学出版社，2010年8月第四版的第1-第30课。
2. 复习重点本课程的复习重点为教材《美英报刊文章阅读（精选本）》的第1-第15课，约占期末终结考试的60%以上。
15个重点课的内容如下：Lesson 01 An American in BeijingLesson 02 Home at LastLesson 03 China Find Western Ways Bring New WoesLesson 04 Exploding Tourism Eroding China’s RichesLesson 05 The Evolution WarsLesson 06 Elite U.S. Schools Turn the Fight for Supremacy into Online GameLesson 07 Is Harvard Worth IT?Lesson 08 The Economy Sucks. But Is It ’92 Redux?Lesson 09 Obama Makes HistoryLesson 10 The New Dream Isn’t AmericanLesson 11 Is America’s New Declinism for Real?Lesson 12 Path of the StormLesson 13 Terrorized by “War on Terror”Lesson 14 Iraq: Who Won the War?Lesson 15 Libby Defense Portrays Client as a Scapegoat二、考核说明1. 考核对象湖南广播电视大学（开放教育）英语专业专、本科的学生。
《英美报刊选读》课程教学大纲
《英美报刊选读》课程教学大纲课程英文名称：English Newspaper Reading课程编码：050220046总学时：32 实验学时：0 学分：2适用对象：专业英语四年级学生先修课程：无一课程性质、目的和任务1. 课程性质：本课程为英语专业大学本科生必修的一门基础课程。
2. 教学目标与要求：培养学生阅读英美报刊杂志的能力。
通过教学使学生熟悉英美报刊杂志文章的一般特点，掌握分析文章的思想观点、篇章布局、语言技巧及文体修辞等知识，进一步提高学生的阅读理解能力和思想表达能力，从而更深入地了解西方文化，特别是英美文化。
培养学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，继而提高其创新能力。
本课程要求教学内容选题广泛且具有一定的难度，文章题材涉及英美主要国家的社会、政治、经济、战争、环保、人口、国际关系、科学技术等诸多方面。
二、教学内容及要求导论：英语报刊新闻知识综述授课学时：2基本要求：1-1 新闻的定义。
1-2 新闻的结构。
1-3 新闻的分类。
1-4 新闻的语言特点。
1-5 新闻的来源。
重点：新闻的分类及语言特点。
难点：新闻的结构。
Chapter 1 Politics授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: Clinton Falls into the Inspirational Gap1-2 Analysis of Text B: Ahead of 3 Primaries, a Dash about Chesapeake1-3 Exercises重点：The structure of political news reports; the common devices for the purpose of objectivity 难点：Writing techniques and devices to achieve the goal of objectivityChapter 2 Education授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: Freshers’ guide, How to balance the books1-2 Analysis of Text B: Mindless Maths’ Turns Students Off1-3 Exercises重点：Imperative sentences, modal verbs难点：How to grasp the attitude of the authorChapter 3 Science and Technology授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: Nicholas Wade1-2 Analysis of Text B: Ben Webster1-3 Exercises重点：How to write the lead paragraph of news report, how to express different attitudes难点：Grasp the common pattern of technical articles: Description-Response-Evaluation Chapter 4 Economy授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: The leading crisis as crack epidemic1-2 Analysis of Text B: No sympathy for jobless bankers1-3 Exercises重点：Analysis of “high status” and “low status” source, individual or institutional source难点：How to find clues in articlesChapter 5 Sports授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: Spectacular opening ceremony kicks off Beijing Olympic Games1-2 Analysis of Text B: All eyes on opening ceremony of Beijing Olympics1-3 Exercises重点：Common writing sequence in sports news, e.g. Chronological order; functions of pictures enclosed难点：How to write coherentlyChapter 6 Law授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text: Laws limit options when a student is mentally ill1-2 Exercises重点：How to propose and ground an argument in an exposition, e.g. figures, instances, and quotations难点：Linguistic devices on legal issues for the sake of objectivity, how to unveil the writer’s implied attitudeChapter 7 Disasters授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: At least 8,600 people are killed in China earthquake1-2 Analysis of Text B: Bridges collapse in Minneapolis kills at least 71-3 Exercises重点：The evaluation function of news report, general structure of disaster reports: description, response and consequence难点：The evaluation function of news reportChapter 8 Comments and Opinions授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: “9.11” investigation report discloses inside stories1-2 Exercises重点：Features of comments and opinions; writing devices including direct quotes, indirect reporting, intensifying addictives and adverbs, model verbs难点：Features of comments and opinions;Chapter 9 Approaches to attitudes in English news texts授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: Virginia Tech gunman ‘worked alone’1-2 Exercises重点：Definition and classification of attitude, the features and sources of attitude, ways of how to approach attitude难点：How to construct a piece of news meaningfullyChapter 10 Approaches to the Texture of English News Texts授课学时：4基本要求：1-1 Analysis of Text A: Simpson Guilty in Robbery Trial1-2 Exercises重点：Understanding of writing devices including texture, conjunction, identification and periodicity难点：Text types, types of text structure三、学时分配四、推荐教材及参考书教材：《英语报刊选读》王振华主编高等教育出版社2009年参考书：《英美报刊文章阅读》周学艺主编北京大学出版社2008年《英汉英美报刊词典》周学艺主编外语教学与研究出版社2002年《英文报刊导读》马建国主编外语教学与研究出版社2002《报刊英语》苗普敬主编河南大学出版社2003年《报刊英语研究》张健主编上海外语教育出版社2006年五、课程考核课程成绩中期末考试成绩占70%，平时成绩占30%。
英美报刊高级阅读教程（练习答案）
练习题答案第一单元Passage 11.根据文章内容选出下列问题最恰当的答案。
(1)-B (2)-C (3)-C (4)-C (5)-D (6)-D (7)-A (8)-C2.请选择恰当的词或短语以正确的形式填入下文的空缺中(1)- contributes to(2) differences(3) taken out(4) filtering down(5) industrial renaissance(6) go through(7) initiatives(8) liftPassage 21.根据文章内容判断下列说法是否正确(1) F (2) F (3)-F (4)-T (5)-F (6)-F (7)-T (8)-F2.请选择恰当的词或短语以正确的形式填入下文的空缺中(1) pervasive(2) paralysis(3) stabilize(4) dispose of(5) intervention(6) put an end to(7) exist(8) eliminatePassage 31.根据文章内容简答下列问题(1) Forty years ago, Americans did not believe and even oppose to Democrats, butnow, they have high expectations for Democrats to help America get out of the current economic crisis.(2) No. Although Obama’s presidency will mean that there will be moregovernment intervention in the management of different aspects of American society, there will also be more liberalism on the basis of social stability ensured by the government.(3) Most Americans highly appreciated F.D.R style liberalism, for their bankdeposits was save, their wages was boosted, and their retire pension was ensured by the orderly society built by F.D.R. And they also felt free and secure.(1)It means to make or help the American economy to recover from recession. (5) The life on an economic knife-edge may refer to the life Americans onceexperienced in 1930s depression and the life they are experiencing in current economic crisis. Such life can be characterized by high unemployment rate, banking panics, stock market crashes, the bursting of other financial bubbles, currency crises, and sovereign defaults.(6) The conservative economic agenda just like the liberal cultural agenda of the1960s, it was less liberating than frightening, and was focused on cultural order instead of economic order.(7) Obama’s great challenge and great opportunity is whether he will establish anew liberal order with more control by his big government to free America from the current economic depression and to build up a good welfare system for Americans.(8) The focus of New Liberal Order to Americans now should shift from the culturalorder to economic order.2. 请选择恰当的词或短语以正确的形式填入下文的空缺中(1) opposing(2) ranging from(3) exist(4) guaranteeing(5) tyranny(6) high-water ranks(7) concept(8) self-reliance第二单元Passage 11．Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)(1) T (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) T (8) T (9) F (10) F2．请选择恰当的词或短语以正确的形式填入下文的空缺中。
《英语报刊阅读》课程考核说明及复习资料
《英语报刊阅读》课程考核说明及复习资料《英语报刊阅读》课程考核说明及复习资料英语报刊阅读?是本科开放教育英语专业的选修课程之一。
本课程的目的是使学生增强对英语报刊的阅读理解能力，扩大视野，使他们通过学习既能学到新闻语言，又能掌握阅读这些报刊必须具备的有关知识和主要与政治、军事、外交、经济、法律、宗教、文教和科技等有关的词语。
课程的重点是培养学生的阅读理解能力。
考核方式包括形成性考核和课程终结考试。
课程终结考试以考查学生阅读和理解英语报刊的技能，适当包括课程中介绍的读报知识。
一、考核对象中央广播电视大学本科开放教育英语专业学生。
二、考核方式本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和终结考试分别以百分制记分。
课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考核占20%，课程终结考试占80%。
1．形成性考核：包括平时作业、参与面授辅导和各项教学活动的情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况。
2．课程终结考试：以笔试形式进行。
笔试主要包括阅读和翻译，满分为100分。
题型主要为报刊词汇翻译，选择题，正误判断题，问题回答，句子或段落翻译等。
三、命题依据本课程终结考试的命题依据是中央广播电视大学本科开放教育英语专业教学计划、课程教学大纲以及有周学艺主编、北京大学出版社的《美英报刊文章选读》（精选本）。
四、评价目标本考试重点考查学生对英语报刊的阅读理解能力和对时事政治新闻词语的掌握，并适当考查课程中所介绍的读报知识。
五、命题原则课程终结考试的命题根据教材所涵盖的有关中国、美国、英国以及亚洲的新闻内容以及与教材难度相当阅读技能，涉及教材内容不少于60%。
六、考试要求本课程终结考试为半开卷考试，除有关规定允许携带的物品外，考生不得携带其他任何形式的参考资料和电子读物或工具。
七、题型与复习资料（见附件）附件1《英语报刊选读》期末考试题型一、将下列报刊杂志名译成中文或英文。
二、将下列词组译为中文。
三、选择正确的项目替换划线部分的内容。
(词汇替换)四、阅读理解。
英美报刊期末考试
题目：美英报刊文章选读期末论文姓名：专业：班级：学号：Lesson one又到一年开学季，莘莘学子们又开始背上行囊开始他们的大学旅程，踏上他们的寻梦之旅。
但他们同时也面临着选择高昂学费但名声斐然的私立学校，还是选择价格低廉且教学质量又有保障的州内公立大学这样一个难题。
本文题目很好阐述了本文主题，对于美国中产阶级的而言，倾家荡产将孩子送入昂贵的私立名校，表面光鲜，实则毫无裨益。
从本文的篇章结构来看，整体采取总分的结构。
本文首先提出对于中产阶级两难的抉择。
然后论述送孩子去私立学校不如送孩子去公立学校的原因，原因如下：1.私立大学的学费比州内公立大学要贵2.5倍；2.根据美国盖洛普民意测验的数据显示，私立大学生与公立大学生的幸福指数是相近的，而学生的负债率又与学生的幸福感指数成反比；3.大学生活的充实度并不在于你进入私立高校，因为无论是私立还是公立学到的东西是一样的，重点是在于自己是否有意愿参加课外活动和研讨会；4.大学毕业后，进入私立学校的学生似乎比公立学校的学生工资要高，但是根据美国著名经济学家的调查，毕业后工资的高低与学校无直接关系，而最重要的因素是学生个人的进取心以及家庭环境的影响；5.对于一些美国的少数名族对于名校也是趋之若鹜的现象，究其原因是想要有一个与外界，上流社会接触的机会，但是对于白人大学生而言，他们不需要这种机会；但作者也没有全盘否定中产阶级的孩子进入高等学府的希望，对于一些学生而言，他们的学业成绩可以使他们获得类似奖学金的资助，这样可以大大减轻学生的负债压力，但是很多学生没有利用这个机会。
那么对于中国的教育体系而言，中国也面临这样一个两难的局面，大学教育水平参差不齐，大学收费不合理，大学课程与社会就业所需脱节的问题也是层出不穷；但归根到底，学生的主观能动性才是大学生能否有所作为的关键。
1. If you are in this dilemma, which school do you prefer, the public one or the private one and what are your reasons?2. What are the important factors that will attribute to a successful college student?3. How do you choose your college, what attract you most about college?Private colleges are a waste of money for white, middle class kidsBy Max EhrenfreundThese students attend the University of Maryland in College Park. They were smart. (Sarah L. Voisin /the Washington Post)⒈Many parents whose kids have their eye on an exclusive, private college face a difficult question: Is it worth unloading your life's savings orhaving your child take on tens of thousands of dollars in student loans?⒉The average four-year private college costs over $42,000 a year for tuition, room and board, after all, while the average four-year public school costs less than half that -- $18,943 for in-state students, according to the College Board. So the question is really, really important, especially at a time when nearly half of recent college grads have a job that doesn't even require a degree.⒊Fortunately, for many Americans -- white, middle-class kids -- there's an easy answer: Don't pay more to go to a private college.⒋That means choosing the University of California over Pomona, the State University of New York over NYU and the University of Maryland over nearby American or George Washington.⒌Of course, if a student is getting a scholarship that heavily discounts the cost of attendance, the question isn't as relevant. And the answer to the question is much more complicated for kids from families in other racial socioeconomic groups. But for white kids with well educated parents, what matters is getting a college degree, not where it came from.⒍For starters, take a large survey of college graduates published this year by Gallup. It asked graduates how they were doing across five different metrics, including financially, physically and socially. Eleven percent of graduates of public universities and private universities said they were"thriving" across all five. Twelve percent of graduates of U.S. News & World Report's top 100 schools were thriving, essentially the same as the rest.Gallup⒎The happiest people, in general, were the ones who developed a relationship with a mentor, participated in extracurricular activities or took on a major academic project -- all things you can do at any school.⒏The biggest predictor of whether a graduate wasn't thriving was whether he or she had student loans. Fourteen percent of those without any debt said they were thriving, compared to 2 percent of those with more than $40,000 of debt. You can't draw iron-clad conclusions from that, but thosefigures should be worrisome all the same for anyone thinking about taking on student loans.What about earnings?⒐But these are general survey findings about well-being. What about a more precise measure: the income that college grads earn?⒑Alumni of selective schools do tend to make more money after they graduate. Yet it isn't clear whether that's because they learned something especially useful while they were in school because they had greater talents to begin with.⒒Economists Stacy Dale of Mathematica Policy Research and Alan Krueger of Princeton have examined this problem carefully.⒓Relying on a survey of graduates from about two dozen colleges and other data, they compared students who applied to the most selective schools when they were in 12th grade against those who applied to schools that were still selective, albeit less so. Dale and Krueger reasoned that those who applied to the most exclusive schools were more ambitious or had more potential as judged by their parents, teachers and counselors.⒔The two economists found that the students with more potential made more as adults, and the students with less made less -- no matter wherethey went to school. They conclude that how much you make depends on you, not where you get in.⒕Although the study concentrated on graduates of prestigious schools, Krueger wrote in an email that the logic of the study could likely be extended to other schools as well. If there's minimal to no gain to attending an elite private university, there's almost certainly zero gain from paying to apply for a less selective private university.⒖"When I was a resident tutor in a Harvard dorm in the 1980's, I saw a lot of students who were not serious about their schoolwork, and who wasted a lot of time with likeminded peers," Krueger wrote. "Determined students can get a good education in many places in the U.S., and graduates who are talented and hardworking often get recognized by employers."⒗These findings do not apply in every individual case. There's great variationin graduation rates among private colleges and among public universities, and going to a school where you're less likely to graduate puts your future earnings at risk. But these results do hold an important lesson for most kids who are white and whose parents also graduated from college -- a huge group of college applicants. (According to the College Board, about half of students taking the SAT this year were white, and about 57 percent had parents who had at least a bachelor's degree.)For minorities and low-income students, a more complex picture⒘The answer is much more complicated for blacks, Hispanics and those whose parents are comparatively less educated.⒙In Dale and Krueger's research, these groups did seem to make more money after attending more selective schools.⒚The authors suggest that attending an elite school might provide these students with access to a new social circle that provides themwith more economic opportunities later in life. Children of well-educated whites might already have that access and so don't gain anything from attending an elite school. Sometimes, it's who you know.⒛There could be other explanations. Perhaps at selective institutions, students from different circumstances pick up from their peers a setof social cues or professional habits that allow them to fitin among America's economically secure stratum, like how to ask for an informational interview or how to tie a bow tie.21. But even for these groups, there are important caveats. It's conceivable that for some, borrowing to pay tuition at a private school could be a wise decision financially. Yet the more a student has to borrow, the less likely the investment is to pay off, and borrowing for school is risky in any case. Costs can explode if a student takes longer than four years tograduate, as many do, and if the student drops out, debt can become impossible to manage. Alternative ideas -- such as starting at a community or state university, then transferring to a private one -- might also be attractive.22. But if they're qualified, these students should definitely consider applying to elite colleges, which will often help them pay tuition. U.S. News compiled this list of schools that pledge to meet 100 percent of their student's financial needs in order to ensure an affordable education. The 62 institutions on the list include the Ivy League, Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other very exclusive schools. Only three of the schools are public. The Washington Monthly has another list of academically rigorous schools that offer generous financial aid.23. Many talented students from poor families don't realize that attending one of these schools can be affordable. The average out of pocket cost for low-income student at the most competitive private universities is only $6,754 per year, while less competitive schools require close to $20,000 a year, according to another study.24."The majority of high-achieving, low-income students do not apply to any selective colleges despite apparently being well qualified foradmission," write the authors, economists Caroline Hoxby and Christopher Avery.25. Added Lydia Frank of PayScale, which collects data on salaries and education in the workforce: "Their net price for that school might be a lot lower than they think. The reputation for a school being expensive prevents students from doing that research."(From The Washington Post,December 18, 2014)1.Have one's eye on(vi.)considering doing something carefully or take somethinginto serious consideration; 关注，考虑做某事2.Unload (vi.) take the load off, in this text it means spent a lot money on privatecollege 卸货，支付3.Take on(vi.) hold responsibility on something, here means have an obligation topay the school loan 承担4.In-state(adj.) within the boundary of other states, in this text in-state universityis more affordable for students 州内的5.Racial (adj.) of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people 种族的6.Mentor(n.) a wise and trusted guide and advisor, served as a teacher or trustedcounselor 良师7.Extra-curriculum(n.) outside the regular academic curriculum 课外活动8.Predictor(n.) indicator 指标9.Draw an iron-clad conclusion: inflexible entrenched and unchangeable result铁证如山10.Precise (adj.) sharply, exact or accurate and delimited精确的，明确的11.Alumni (n.) the alumni of a school, college, or university are the people whoused to be students there. Alumnus(plus)校友12.T alents (n.)is a natural ability to do something well人才13.A lbeit (adv.) introduce a fact or comment that reduces the force or significanceof what you have just said 虽然，表转折14.P restigious(adj.) an institution or a people is respected and admired by people;celebrated 有声望的，声名显赫的15.P icture (n.) When you refer to the picture in a particular place, you are referringto the situation there. 局面; 情况16.M inorities (n.) a minority are a group of people of the same race, culture, orreligion who live in a place where most of the people around them are of a different race, culture, or religion. 少数民族17.E lite (n.) people or organizations are considered to be the best of their kind. 精英18.P rovide… with: equip somebody with something, accommodate somebody withsomething, cater to one’s need 提供19.Access (vt.) If you have access to a person, you have the opportunity or rightto see them or meet them. 接触的机会; 接触的权利20.Stratum (n.) a stratum of society is a group of people in it who are similar intheir education, income, or social status. 社会阶层21.C aveat (n.) a caveat is a warning of a specific limitation of something such asinformation or an agreement. 警告; 提醒22.C onceivable (adj.) if something is conceivable, you can imagine it or believe it.可想像的; 可相信的23.Pay off (phrasal verb) if an action pays off, it is successful or profitable after aperiod of time. (某行动) 取得成功; 带来好结果24.A lternative(adj.) have another choice If one thing is an alternative to another,the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second. 替代品25.D rop-out(adj.) forced to leave school in that violate the school law or have abad performance on tests 辍学的piled (vi.) when you compile something such as a report, book, orprogrammed, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information. 汇编; 汇集27.R igorous (adj.) a test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough andstrict. (测试、制度、程序) 严格缜密的28.a ffordable(adj.) that you have the financial means for 买的起的1.The Washington Post:The largest and oldest newspaper in Washington D.C. Itgains a worldwide reputation by exposing the Watergate Scandal and forcing President Richard Nixon resigned. Most people regard it as the most prominent after the New York Times newspaper. Its headquarter is located in the capital of the United States, it is particularly good at reporting domestic politicaldynamics, on the contrary, the New York Times is usually good at reporting more prestigious international things. 华盛顿邮报2.Max Ehrenfreund is a blogger on the Financial deskand writes for Know More and Wonkblog and he is a journalist appointed by Washington Post.3.The University of Maryland：The University of Maryland University College(UMUC) is an American public university located in the unincorporatedcommunity of Adelphi in Prince George's County, Maryland in the UnitedStates. It is known primarily for its distance learning classes and programs; it serves over 90,000 students worldwide and is one of the largest distancelearning institutions in the world. 马里兰大学4. The College Board: A mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Boardwas created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education.Its aim is that all students should have access to an affordable and successful college experience. We offer recommendations to improve and simplify the financial aid system so that enrollment and full participation in college is possible for all students. 美国大学理事会5.Grads: graduates的缩写6. A Gallup poll：an opinion poll carried out by an official organization and used especially in forecasting the results of elections. The Gallup Poll usually refer to a poll that demonstrates the public opinions, and it was widely been used as a method for the mass media to represent public opinion. It was established by American statistician George Gallup. The feature of this poll is to use random sampling method and its ultimate goal is to minimize the deviation degree. 盖洛普民意测验7.U.S. News & World Report: an American media company that publishes consumer advice, rankings and analysis. Founded as a news weekly magazine in 1933, U.S. News transitioned to a digital-only publication in 2010. U.S. News is best known today for its influential Best Colleges and Best Hospitals rankings, but it has expanded its content and product offerings in education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington,D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content officer since April 2007.美国新闻与世界报道8. Selective school: a school that admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. The term may have different connotations in different systems. The opposite is a comprehensive school（综合性学校）, which accepts all students, regardless of aptitude. 重点大学9. The middle class：a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures. 中产阶级10. SAT: it stands for Scholastic Assessment Test, is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times, being originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now simply the SAT. 学术能力评估测试This news is really thought-provoking; it reflects a worldwide phenomenon to some extent. It concentrates on the most prevailing issue around the world, which strikes on the high tuition fee for college students. It goes without saying that knowledge is power, and it is really pathetic to see money gets in the way of knowledge acquisition. The highly-recognized and academic-renowned elite universities are ideal place for those who want to pursue their further studies. However, in this text the author bring up a very interesting perspective, that it not worth for middle-class parents to send their children to the expensive private schools. The author illustrates his points in the following ways. First and foremost, the tuition fee paid for the private school is 3times higher than the public one; Secondly, the students who study in the public university tend to be happier than the private ones, because they have little worry about their school loans. Thirdly, to be a successful student, a prestigious school only attributes little to students' accomplishment, what really matters is the student's personality and their learning attitude. Fourthly, the reason why some minorities are flooding into these institutions because it provides them with an access to the upper class, in which will give them more opportunities to get respect and dignity from the major group. But it is pointless for white students to do this, because they are part of this group. What's more what can you learn in private school can also be learned in public school because they are under the same educational system. Last but not least, which school did you attend has nothing to do with your future salary? In otherwords, you are like an entrepreneur who starts from scratch, and the future belongs to those who see the beauty in their dreams.In China, we also have a similar problem that is the disparity of the university teaching qualities and the discrimination among education circles. It is a loophole in a computer that contains virus which can easily penetrate and destroy the whole system. Recently, the value of the college degree stirs a heated discussion on the internet. I am in favor of the point of view that when comes to land a job it is your top priority to show your degree. It works like an invitation allow you to attend a party, it gives you permission to the company you dreamed of. But your reality competence matters more in the following procession, your adaptability, flexibility and your social network seems more important than your degree.All in all, entering a university you embark on a new journey, whether it is a highly-renowned and prestigious college or an ordinary university. It is your call to realize your dream, your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.。
英美报刊选读英美报刊选读期末考试题
英美报刊选读 英美报刊选读期末考试题 导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“英美报刊选读期末考试题”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!I. Read the following short passages and choose the best answer.(20 % )Passage1GENEV GENEVA-A A-A 38-year-old Spanish man briefly hijacked 抢劫a French airliner on Majorca Sunday and threatened to blow it up to protest 抗议France’s plans to resume nuclear testing, then surrendered in 投降放弃投降放弃 Geneva without a struggle after releasing 298 passengers and crew. An official at Geneva’s Cointrin Airport described the man as unbalanced.a ． A Spanish man hijacked a French airline to protest France’s nuclear testing.b. A Spanish man who had threatened to blow up a French airline surrendered in Geneva.c. A Spanish man who had hijacked a French airline surrendered in Geneva.Passage 2TOKYO-When Compaq Computers 康帕电脑 and Dell Computer invaded 进入the Japanese market three years age with personal computers selling for half the price of the local varieties 当地品种, rival竞争对手竞争对手Japanese companies braced for trouble 准备应付动乱. But instead of killing the Japanese personal computer industry, the American onslaught 猛攻猛攻liberated 放纵it. Proceed by what is known as the “Compaq Shock 康帕冲击,” Japanese manufacturers have become fiercer competitors, cutting their prices drastically. The result has been a boom in sales that is benefiting the Japanese manufacturers as much as the Americans.a. American and Japanese computer companies compete to win the Japanese market.b. “Compaq Shock,” has benefited Japanese market.c. Fierce competition between American and Japanese computer companies has helped the computer sales boom in Japan.Passage 3PARIS-A bomb 炸弹exploded at a crowded street market in Paris near the Place de la Bastille Sunday morning, leaving four people slightly hurt. The police said that the bomb, packed into a pressure cooker and hidden in a bag under a vegetable stand, did not cause greater damage because of a malfunction.功能失常功能失常 But the incident clearly left a deep impact on Governmentofficials who are facing what they believe to be a campaign of terrorism directed by Islamic militants from Algeria. Police did not immediately link the bomb to three devices planted in recent weeks, which killed seven and wounded scores of others in Paris.a ． A bomb blast at a Paris market hurt four people.b. four people were injured in a crowded street market in Paris..c. Terrorists planted in bomb in Paris that woundedPassage 4UNITED NATIONS-The United Nations has run out of money to pay its regular operating expenses and is being forced to borrow from peacekeeping funds, which are also strained, an American accounting expert in charge of financial management here told a General Assembly committee Tuesday.a. UN is short of cash.b. UN is borrowing from peacekeeping funds.c. UN cannot pay regular operating expenses.Passage 5Eight people were killed as forest fires ripped through eastern Spain on Monday, destroying thousands hectares of land and forcing theevacuation of hundreds of people, officials said.a ． Forest fires destroyed land and killed 8 people.b. Hundreds of people were forced to leave their land because of forestfires.c. Eight people died in for fires that hit eastern Spain.II. Read the following news and choose the best answer. ( 60% )Passage 1Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem – how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs 电灯and refrigerators 冰箱冰箱as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus’s six buil dings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings – theaters and offices as well as classrooms classrooms –– are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistr saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern ibuting it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University’s system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces . It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1. What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of theUniversity of Pittsburgh? BA. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature inside.C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2. According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used__D______.A. to provide a special form of air-conditioningB. to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heatD. to collect heat and reuse it3. The phrase “the hottest prospect” in this passage refers to __C______.A. the person who suffers most from heatB. the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heatD. the person who make better use of body heat4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage?CA. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B. The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C. A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D. A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?AA. R A. Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building’s Heat System ecovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building’s Heat SystemB. Body Heat and SexD. Ways of Heating BuildingsPassage 2The Earth has a force that pulls thing toward itself. W e call this force gravity. This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it . But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must overcome if we are to get anywhere in space,or off the ground at all.Take the throwing of a ball as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret? Its speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from the Earth’s gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft, no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will ‘coast’ （滑行） the rest of the way because the Earth’s gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance in space to slow it down. This ‘coasting’ is known as ‘free fall’.自由落体自由落体 That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.6. What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from theEarth?BA. To travel as fast as it can.B. To overcome the Earth’s gravity.C. To reduce the air resistance.D. To carry enough fuel with it.7. How fast will a rocket go to escape completely from the Earth’s gravity? DA. Seventy miles per second.B. Seven thousand miles per hour.C. Twenty-five thousand miles per second.D. Twenty-five thousand miles per hour.8. As there is always the Earth’s gravitational pull, people A________.A. accept it without questioning itB. never notice its presenceC. seldom think about how to use itD. often try to escape from it9. When a bicycle ‘coasts’ downhill, it __B______.A. runs faster and fasterB. runs freely without any further powerC. is no longer affected by the Earth’s gravityD. does not meet with air resistance10. Why is it not necessary to provide powered flight in space all the time?CA. Few spacecraft complete their flight operations.B. The spacecraft will be attracted by the Moon.C. No further power is needed after the escape speed is reached.D. ‘Free fall’ takes the place of the Earth’s gravitational pull.Passage 3Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile delinquency – that is, crimescommitted by young people. For some years juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪had been increasing. There are two main sorts of juvenile crimes:stealing and violence. Most people do not understand why young peoplecommit these crimes. There are, I think, a large number of differentreasons.。
英美文学复习题
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD.natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance 2). Heroic Couplet 3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?The Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern sciencein England.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period 2). blank verse 3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?练习Edmund Spenser1. Fill in the following blanks:1). According to Edmund Spenser‟s own explanation, his “The Faerie Queene” is a “______ poem” , but it is also an ______.2). In “The Faerie Queene”, the hero of heroes, who possesses all of the 12 ______, is ______, who is to play a role in each of the 12 major adventures, which has its own individual hero.3). ______ and the Fairy Queen contribute to the unity of the work “The Faerie Queene”.4). In Book 1 of The Faerie Queene , the purpose of ______‟s quest if to free original mankind----the parents of Una---- from the power of the Devil.5). It is Spenser‟s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the______‟s ______.”2. Explain the following literal termSpenserian Stanza3. Answer the following questions:1). Why is “The Faerie Queene ” regarded as an allegorical poem?2). What are the main qualities of Spenser‟s poetry?Christopher Marlowe1. Fill in the following blanks.1). As the most gifted of the “University ______”, Christopher Marlowe composed ______ plays within his short lifetime.2). It was Christopher Marlowe who made ______ ______ the principal medium of English drama.3). The short poem “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” by Christopher Marlowe, derives from the______ tradition in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal ______ life, cherishing a pastoral and pure affection for his love.4). IT is Marlowe who brought vitality and grandeur into the blank verse with his “______”, which carry strong emotions.5). Marlowe created some typical Renaissance hero in his players. Tamburlaine and Faustus seek______ and ______ respectively.2. Answer the following questions.1). What are the achievements of Christopher Marlowe in literary creation?2). Which play is Christopher Marlowe‟s masterpiece? What is the story of the play?William Shakespeare1. Fill in the following blanks.1). With his ______ plays, ______ sonnets and 2 long poems, William Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature.2). William Shakespeare‟s ______ tragedy “Romeo and Juliet” eulogize s the faithfulness of ______ and the spirit of pursuing happiness.3). William Shakespeare‟s greatest tragedies are: “______”, “______”, “______” and Macbeth.4). “_____” , an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of the final romances writte n by William Shakespeare.5). In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of ______ and the eternal ______ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.6). “______” is generally regarded as Shakespeare‟s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood- and- thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death.7). The merchant of Venice praise the ______ between Antonio and Bassanio, ______ between Portia and Bassanio, greed and brutality of ______, the Jew.8).The sentence “To be or not to be---- that is the question” is derived from Shakespeare‟s ______. This is the soliloquy of ______.9). The Merchant of Venice has a double plot. The plots join in the ______ scene of Act 4.10). Shake speare‟s ______ plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.2. Answer the following questions:1). What are the themes of Shakespeare‟s “The Merchant of Venice”?2). Make a commen t on Shakespeare‟s artistic achievement.3). Why are Shakespeare‟s works so successful?4). What are the similarities among Shakespeare‟s four great tragedies?5). Make a comment on Shakespeare‟s Sonnet 18.Francis Bacon1. Fill in the following blanks.1). Francis Bacon, a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known ______, scientist and ______. He lays the foundation for modern ______ with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining ______. His “______” is the first example of the genre in English literature, recognized as an important landmark in the development of ______ prose.2). Bacon‟s works can be divided into ______ groups. The most important works of his ______ group include “The Advancement of Learning”, “Norvum Organum”. His philosophical works belong to the group. His literary works are in the ______ group, among which the most famous is “Essays”, “Maxims of Law” belongs to the ______ group.3). In his “The Advancement of Learning ”, Francis Bacon divided ______ into two kinds: the one obtained from Divine Revelation, and the other from the workings of human mind.John DonneMetaphysical poetryJohn Milton1. Fill in the following blanks.1). John Milton‟s literary achievements can be divided into three groups, the early ______ works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great ______.2). “Paradise Lost” is a long ______ divided into 12 books. The original story is taken from the “Genesis ” of the ______.3). In “Samson Agonisten”, a fitting close to the life work of the poet himself, Milton, again borrows his story from the “______”.4). The theme of Paradise Lost is “the Fall of ______”.5). Milton‟s epic poems were very much influenced by the ______ and the Greek classics, which are also the major sources of the whole English literature.2. Answer the following questions:1). In which way Agonisten is Milton himself?2). Make a brief comment on John Milton‟s literary achievements.The Neo-classical Period1. Fill in the following blanks.1). The neoclassical period in English literature refers to the one between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of ______ which came with the publication o f “Lyrical Ballads” by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798.2). The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works in the field of literature. This tendency is known as ______.3). “The Pilgrim‟s Progress” by John Bunyan‟s style was modeled after that of the English ______.4). “The Pilgrim‟s Progress” by John Bunyan is the most successful ______ allegory in the English language.5). “The Rape of the Lock” by Alexander Pope is a ______ epic.6). “An Essay on Criticism”, a ______ poem, is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism.7). “______” by Daniel Defoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.8). The novel “Robinson Crusoe” consists actually three parts though only the ______ part is a most well-known and widely read.9). The best fictional work of Jonathan Swift is ______.10). Henry Fielding has been regarded as “Father of the English ______,” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.11). “The History of ______” is Henry Fielding‟s fictional masterpiece.12). Of all the eighteen-century novelists, Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in ______”.13). As a lexicographer, Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English ______ by an Englishman.14). Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only important English ______ of the eighteenth century.15). “The School for Scandal” wr itten by Sheridan is mainly a story about two ______.16). “The School for Scandal” has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare.17). “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, regarded as Thomas Gray‟s best and most representative work, is written in the poetic form of ______.18). In the 18th century English literature, the representative of neoclassicism is ______.2. Answer the following questions:1). What does Vanity Fair mean? How does the scene of the Vanity Fair reflect the theme of the allegory “The Pilgrim‟s Progress”?2). What is the theme and style of Alexander Pope‟s “An Essay on Criticism”.3). What is the significance of Alexander Pope‟s “An Essay on Criticism”4). What is the position of Henry Fielding in the history of English literature.5). What is the significance of Samuel Johnson‟s letter “To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield ”?The Romantic Period1．Fill in the following blanks:1). English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of ______ and ______‟s “Lyrical Ballads” and to have ended in 1832 with _____‟ death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.2). The preface to the second edition of the “______” acts as a manifest to for the Romantic poets and sets forth Wordsworth‟s own critical creed.3). The two major novelists of the Romantic Period are ______ and ______.4). ______ is central to William Blake‟s concern in the “Songs of Innocence” and “Songs of Experience”.5). The three poets ______, ______ and ______ once lived in the English Lake District, and became known as the “Lake Poets”.6). Samuel Taylo r Coleridge‟s poetic achievement can be divided into two diverse groups: the ______ and the ______.7). On the whole, ______‟s poetry is one of experience. His heroes are more or less surrogates of himself. “Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage” is such an example.8). The whole poem of “______” by ______, has a logic of feeling, a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”9). The Romantic Age began in 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published their joint work“______”.10). ______ is regarded as the best essayist during the English Romantic Age.11). The first poem is the collection “The Lyrical Ballads” is ______‟s masterpiece “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”.12). In 1824, the Romantic poet ______ went to Greece to help the country in its struggle for liberty against Turks. Not long, he died of fever there.13). George Gordon Byron is chiefly remembered for his long poems. One is “Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage”, the other is “______”.14). George Gordon Byron wrote “______” in Italy. It contains sixteen cantos.15). “______”, a lyrical drama written by P.B. Shelley, has its story taken from Greek mythology.16). Jane Austen‟s masterpiece is “______”.17). The histori cal novel “Ivanhoe” is written by ______.18). Compared with the Neoclassicists who emphasized features that men have in common, the Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each ______‟s mind.19). In the Romantic Age, ______ is a great critic on Shakespeare, Elizabethan drama, and English poetry.20). “The Solitary Reaper” written by ______ uses a rural figure to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.21). “______” is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English l iterature, and one that takes us to the core of the poetic beliefs of William Wordsworth as a “worshipper of nature”.22). As a leading Romanticist, George Gordon Byron‟s chief contribution is his creation of the “______ hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel fi gure, of noble origin.23). Best of all the well-known lyric pieces written by P.B. Shelley is the poet‟s “______”, for here his rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to him.24). As a ______ writer, Jane Austen considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life, and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind.25). The novel “Pride and Prejudice” mainly deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands, centering on the love story between ______ and ______.26). P. B. Shelley‟s work of literary criticism is ______.His _______ was later to become a rallying song of the British Communist Party.3. Answer the following questions:1). Make a comment on Willi am Blake‟s poetry.2). What is the significance of William Wordsworth‟s poetry in the history of English literature.3). How many groups can S.T. Coleridge‟s poems be divided into? What are these groups.4). What is the “Byronic hero”?5). Tell the story o f the novel “Pride and Prejudice”1). Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of ______ who ruled over England from 1836 to 1901.2). Charles Dickens is one of the greatest ______ realist writers of the Victorian Age. In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a large scale criticism of the 19th century England, particularly London.3). The novel “Oliver Twist” presents Oliver Twist as Charles Dickens‟ first ______ hero and Fagin the first grotesque figure.4). Charlotte Bro nte‟s first novel “The Professor” was rejected by the publisher. But her second one,______ , won immediate success when it appeared in 1837, and today it remains the most popular novel of hers.5). Emily Bronte is, first of all, a poet. But she is better known today as the author of that most fascinating novel “______”.6). As a love story, “Wuthering Heights” is one of the most moving: the passion between ______ and Catherine proves the most intense, the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.7). The title of the poem “Crossing the Bar” written by Alfred Tennyson means leaving this world and entering the ______ world.8). Written in the form of dramatic monologue, the poem “Ulysses” by Alfre d Tennyson not only expresses, through the mouth of the heroic ______, Tennyson‟s own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration of the Victorian age.9). “______” is Robert Browning‟s best-kno wn dramatic monologue in which the duke‟s speech addresses to the agent who comes to negotiate a marriage, revealing himself as a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man.10). The two poems “Meeting at Night” and “______” appeared originally under the single title “Night and Morning”.11). ______, the woman novelist of the Victorian period, is the pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans.12). As a woman writer of exceptional intelligence and life experience, George Eliot shows, in her novels,a particular concern for the destiny of ______, especially those with great intelligence, potential and social aspirations.13) the story of the novel “Middlemarch” mainly centers on ______ Brooke and Tertius Lydgate , both of whom are shown to have great potentials and ambitions.14). Thomas Hardy was quite influenced by Spencer‟s “The First Principle”, which led him to the belief that man‟s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of ______, both inside and outside.15). The success of the novel “______” is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.16). The novel “______” written by Charles Dickens is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th century London.17). The Victorian period in English literature was largely an age of prose, especially of the ______.18). ______ was the greatest representatives of English critical realism.19). The novel “Oliver Twist” tells the story of a poor child named ______ who is born in a workhous e and brought up under miserable conditions.20). The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte, ______ and Anne Bronte.21). “______” is Robert Browning‟s masterpiece which tells a horrible story of a man‟s murder of his beautiful young wife.22). In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ______ appeared after the romantic poetry.23). The two greatest Victorian poets are ______ and Robert Browning who both began writing poetry in emulation of the major Romantic poets.24). In Victorian poetry, the Brownings refers to ______ Browning and his wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning.25). In the Victorian period, ______, that Wessex man, not only continued to expose and criticize all sorts of social iniquities, but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals.26). In his long poem “In Memoriam”, ______ recorded his own experience of religious uncertainties before the falling faith in god.27). In the last few decades of the Victorian period, ______, the pioneering woman was the first novelist who, according to D. H. Lawrence, “started putting all the actions aside.”28). In his early novels, Charles Dickens attacks one or more specific social evils in each: for example, the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal u nderworld life in “______.”29). Charles Dickens‟s best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless______ characters such as Oliver Twist, Little Nell, David Copperfield and Little Dorrit.30). The novel “Jane Eyre” mainly tells a story about the love affair of Jane Eyre and Mr. ______.31). The story of “Wuthering Heights” is told mainly by Nelly, ______‟s old nurse, to Mr. Lockood, a temporary tenant of Grange. The latter gives an account of what he sees at Wuthering Heights.32). The short lyric “Break, Break, Break” is written in memory of ______‟s old friend, Alfred Hallam, whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet.33). Reading ______‟s “Crossing the Bar”, we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife.34). In Alfred Tennyson‟s poem “Ulysses”, he depicts ______ who, old as he is, persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge.35). The publication of “______”, Robert Browning …s masterpiece, in 1869, finally established the poet‟s position as one of the greatest English poets.36). In the description of sun-rise in “Parting at Morning”, Robert Browning unconsciously expresses his helplessness in having to face up his duty as a ______.37). Thomas Hardy‟s novels are all Victorian in date. Most of them are set in ______, the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.38). The title of the novel “Vanity Fair” was taken from John Bunyan‟s masterpiece ______.39). George Eliot was the pseudonym of ______.40). In “My Last Duchess”, the ______, as he talks about the portrait of his last Duchess, reveals bit by bit his cruelty and possessiveness.2. Answer the following questions.1). What are the characteristics of Charles Dickens‟s early and later novels?2). What are the best-depicted characters of Charles Dickens?3). Tell the story of “Jane Eyre” and make a comment on it.4). Tell the story of “Wuthering Heights”.5). What ar e the characteristics of Robert Browning‟s poetry?6). Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer?7). Tell the story of “Tess of the D‟Urbervilles” and make a comment on it.8). Make a comment on George Eliot‟s creative tendency and her v iew of women.The Modern Period1.Fill in the following blanks.1). The early poems of Ezra Pound and ______ and ______‟s matured poetry marked the rise of “modern poetry”, which was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry.2). In Britain, in the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared a group of young novelists and playwrights with lower middle-class or working-class background, who were known as “the ______.”3). Writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Wolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into human consciousness, and they created unprecedented ______ novels such as “Pilgrimage”, “Ulysses” and” Mrs. Dalloway”.4). The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century England were Oscar Wild and ______, who, in a sense, pioneered the modern drama.5). With their joint efforts, the Irish playwrights like W. B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, and J. M. Synge brought about the Irish ______ Movement in the early 20th century, thus starting as Irish dramatic revival.6). John Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the ______ “Angry Young Man”.7). The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is ______, who wrote about human beings livinga meaningless life in an alien, decaying world.8). In “______”, his encyclopedia-like masterpiece, James Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjoined, illogical, illusory, and mental-emotional life of Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-world-war-I Europe.9). George Bernard Shaw‟s plays have one passion, and one only, lie ______.10). Most of George Bernard Shaw‟s plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, and this, can be termed as ______ play.11). “Mrs. Warren‟s Profession”, written by G. B. Shaw in 1893 but published 5 years later, is a play about the economic ______ of women.12). “The Man of Property” is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogy written by ______.13). In his short lyric “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”, W. B. Yeats presents to us a picture of an ideal“_______” where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoy the beauty of nature.14). “______”, T. S. Eliot‟s most important single poem, has been hailed as a landma rk and a model of the 20th-century English poetry, comparable to William Wordsworth‟s “Lyrical Ballads”.15). James Joyce chose Dublin as the scene of the stories in his “Dubliners”, for, as he took it, Dublin was “the centre of ______”.16). “Sons and Lovers ” is a novel written by ______.17). D, H. Lawrence‟s autobiographical novel is “______”.18). D. H. Lawrence‟s novel “______” is positively taken as a typical example of Oedipus Complex in fiction.19). The French _______, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.20). D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as James Joyce in novel-writing; but unlike Joyce, he was not concerned with technical innovations, his interest lay in the tracing of the ______ development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.21). In his long dramatic career, G. B. Shaw wrote more than ______ plays, touching upon a variety of subjects.22). “Ulysses”, James Joyce‟s masterpiece, gives an account of man‟s life during one day (16 June, 1904) in Dublin. The whole novel is divided into 18 episodes in correspondence with the _____ hours of the day.2. Answer the following questions1). What are the characteristics of George Bern ard Shaw‟s drama?2). What are the characteristics of D. H. Lawrence‟s literary creation?3. Explain the following literal terms1). Modernism2). Stream- of -consciousness。
英语报刊阅读复习
英语报刊阅读复习英语报刊阅读复习一、重点单词：1、常用单词：aid＝assist; helpalter＝change or modifyask＝inquireban＝prohibit or forbidblast＝explodebegin＝commenceboost＝increasecheck＝examineclaim＝cause the death of ...clash＝disagree stronglycurb＝control or restrictdip＝decline or decreaseease＝lessenend＝terminateflay＝criticizeflout＝insultfoil＝prevent fromgrill＝investigategut＝destroyhead＝directhold＝arrestaccord=agreement(协议）aid＝assistance（帮助）aim=purpose(目的）arms= weapons (武器）blast＝explosion（爆炸）body＝committee, commission（委员会）clash＝controversy; dispute（冲突）crash＝collision（碰撞，坠毁）deal＝agreement, transaction（协议，交易）envoy＝ambassador（大使）fake＝counterfeit（赝品，骗局）fete＝celebration（庆祝（活动））feud＝strong dispute（严重分歧）flop＝failure（失败）freeze＝stabilization（（物价、工资等）冻结）gems＝jewels (珠宝；首饰）nod＝approval（许可，批准）pact＝agreement, treaty（条约，协议）poll＝election, public opinion poll（投票选举，民意测验）?probe＝investigation（调查）pullout＝withdrawal（撤退，撤离）rift＝separation（隔离，分离）set＝ready（准备）step＝progress（进程，进步）strife＝conflict（冲突，矛盾）talk=negotiation(谈判）ties＝(diplomatic) relations（（外交）关系）2、常见事物名称：Aids（艾滋病）获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ?UFO＝Unidentified Flying Object DJI＝Dow-Jones IndexCPI=Consumer Price IndexPR＝Public RelationsSALT＝Strategic Arms Limitation Talks（限制战略武器会谈）SDI＝Strategic Defense Initiative（战略防御措施）GMT＝Greenwich Mean TimeJV=Joint VentureIPR=Intellectual Property Rights3、职业、职务或职称的简称，如MP（议员）PM＝Prime Minister（总理；首相）FM= Foreign Minister 外长; Finance Minister 财长DM= Defense Minister 国防部长GM＝General Manager总经理CEO= Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官CFO= Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官CMO= Chief Market Officer 首席市场总监CTO= Chief Technology Office首席技术官COO= Chief Operating Officer 首席运营官VIP＝Very Important Person贵宾；要人TP＝Traffic Policeman交通警察PA＝Personal Assistant私人助理pro＝professional专业的，职业的rep＝representative 代表Russ＝Russia 俄罗斯sec＝secretary秘书tech＝technology技术4、特殊结构单词：1) 截头留尾：chute＝parachute降落伞copter= helicopter 直升机Quake= earthquake 地震2）截取首尾，保留中间flu=influenza流感frige= refrigerator 冰箱Tec = detective 侦探Vic = convict 罪犯or victory胜利3）截去中间，保留首尾c…tee＝committee委员会C…wealth＝Commonwealth英联邦com…l＝commercial（商业的，广告）gov?t= government 政府motel= motor hotel 汽车旅馆nat…l＝national全国的telecast=television broadcast 电视广播4）不规则裁剪词Aussie＝Australian澳大利亚人telly＝television（电视机）Brunch=breakfast + lunch 早中餐ecopolitics=economic politics 政治经济N-test= Nuclear test 核试验pix＝pictures（电影）L. America=Latin America 拉丁美洲N. Ireland=North Ireland 北爱尔兰S．Africa= South Africa 南非二、知识点1、Supreme Court of the United States---------------美国最高法院District Court-----------------------------------------------地方法院Claims Court-----------------------------------------------索赔法院Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit----------联邦巡回上诉法院Court of International Trade---------------------------国际贸易法院Territorial Courts------------------------------------------属地法院Court of Military Appeals-------------------------------军事上诉法院Court of Veterans Appeals-----------------------------退伍军人上诉法院Administrative Office of the Courts-----------------法院行政管理局Federal Judicial Center----------------------------------联邦司法中心2、Elephant----The Republican PartyMost members are conservatives.Donkey------The Democratic PartyMost members are liberals.3、奥巴马是美国第56届、第44任和第43位总统关于“届”“任”“位”美国宪法规定，总统选举4年一次，总统任满4年为一届。
《英语报刊选读》期末复习指导教程
《英语报刊选读》期末复习指导一、课程说明本课程为本科开放教育英语专业的选修课程之一，开设时间为第五学期。
教学对象是广播电视大学英语本科学生或具有同等水平的自学者。
本课程采用的教材为《美英报刊文章阅读》和《〈美英报刊文章阅读〉学习辅导》（周学艺主编，北京大学出版社出版，2001年10月第2版）。
二、考试说明本课程终结性考核方式为闭卷考试，考生不得携带任何形式的参考资料和电子读物或工具。
考核范围为:第1单元Chinese AffairsLesson One Exploding Touris m Eroding China’s RichesLesson Two Beijing Dreams of 2008Lesson Three Home at Last第2单元American Affairs (I)Lesson Four Best Graduate SchoolsLesson Five Is Harvard Worth It ?第3单元American Affairs (II)Lesson Eight Judge Sees Politics in Los Alamos CaseLesson Ten Big Crimes, Small CitiesLesson Eleven Hollywood Demons第4单元American Affairs (III)Lesson Thirteen Lobbyist Out Of Shadow Into The SpotlightLesson Fourteen The Rich Get Richer and Elected---1---第5 单元American Affairs (IV)Lesson Nineteen Free-talking and Fast Results第6单元British AffairsLesson Twenty Why the Monarchy Must StayLesson Twenty-one Anything But Beef?第7单元Asian AffairsLesson Twenty-four Giant on The Move第8单元Australian, Brazilian, European & African AffairsLesson Twenty-eight Killing in the Name of GodLesson Twenty-nine Testimony to S. African Catharsis题型及分数比例：I.补上标题中省略或被代替的单词（10%）II、阅读理解部分：选择题（30%）正误判断题（20%）问题回答（20%）III. 翻译题（20%）三、复习要点本考试重点考查学生对英语报刊的阅读理解能力和对时事政治新闻词语的掌握，并适当考查课程中所介绍的读报知识。
美英报刊阅读教程答案
美英报刊阅读教程答案Lesson 1Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. DVI.1. The three big milestones for America‘s population are the following: 1915 when America‘s population grew to 100 million, 1967 when America‘s population increased to 200 million and 2006 when America‘s population reached 300 million.2. America‘s recent population growth has been extraordinary. Since 2000 alone, America has added 20 million people. In sharp co ntrast with America‘s population increase, Europe‘s birth rates have been plunging and Japan‘s population has been shrinking.3. There are the following three trends: migration to the west and the south, sharp increase of immigrants and fast increase of the over-65 population.4. The fast growth of the South and the West has been buoyed by immigration, lower costs, and recreational opportunities.5. The major factor in the population growth is immigration. Since 2000 alone, there has been a 16 percent rise in the number of immigrants living in American households.6. The most striking difference is the change of the main source. Before 1967, the main source of immigrants was Western Europe. However, after President Johnson signed the Immigration and Naturalization Act in 1965 to stop racial and ethnic quotas for new immigrants, and once the Mexican economy tanked in the 1970s, immigrants from Mexico sharplyincreased. In Fort Wayne, nearly 80 percent of Hispanics are Mexican. An estimated 12 million undocumented immigrants now live in America.7. According to the article, the influx of new immigrants has caused the problem of racial tensions.8. Back in 1990, the median age in America was 22.9 years. But with people having fewer babies, that number started to climb. Lower fertility rates mean older populations. The baby boom caused a brief pause in this movement during the 1950s and 1960s, but the aging trend has since resumed. The median age is up to 36.5 and is expected to rise to 39 by 2030 before leveling off.9. People like Mayor Bill Saffo consider the senior citizens asa real asset because they are active in the community, and they work part-time and create businesses.10. Its main attractions are its great beaches, low cost of living and abundant golf courses.11. The enlarged senior population will overburden Social Security and Medicare, the two largest entitlement programs.OutlineI. Growth of America‘s population(1—2)1. Population growth to 300 million in October, 20062. Extraordinary recent growth compared with other countriesII. America‘s population trends and their impacts(3—4)1. Three broad trendsa. Migration to the west and the southb. Sharp increase of immigrantsc. Baby-boomers‘ getting close to retirement age2. Great impacts of t he trends on America‘s culture, politics and economyIII. The new migration: case study of Boise(5—13)1. Boise‘s fast development2. Challenge for city planners3. Four-decade migration pattern4. Factors in the fast growth5. Sources of new residents in Boise6. Developers‘ purchase of land at a feverish pace7. Economic planners‘ effort to attract solid jobsIV. Big wave of immigrants(14—19)1. Increase of ethnic diversity at Northwood Middle School2. Fort Wayne‘s population composition change3. Fast growth of Hispanicsa. Example of Fort Wayneb. Example of Goshen4. Tensions caused by the influx of HispanicsV. Graying of America and its impacts(20—26)1. Onslaught of 77 million aging boomers2. Growth of America‘s median age3. Impacts of senior people‘s increase on the economy: case study of Wilmingtona. Attractions for the senior peopleb. Specific examples of Bill and Brydenc. Senior people‘s contribution to the local economyVI. Prospects of America‘s population change(27-31)1. Further acceleration of population growth2. Increase of population proportion of the South and the West3. Greater impacts of births by new immigrants4. Doubling of the over-65 population and the heavy loads on Social Security and MedicareLesson 2Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. DVI.1. Because they are pragmatic and resourceful in money matters. They not only work hard to earn more money, but also save for retirement, make investment and hedge against the unexpected.2. The first grim reality is that in about 30 years, just as the first of this age group step into retirement, the traditional Society Security System won‘t be able to support them. The second one is the decreased job security today. The third one is that they carry more debt at their age than any other generation had. All these factors force them to pay more attention to money matters.3. Matures are ―savers‖ whereas Xers are ―hedgers‖. Matures saved what they could so that their children might have more comfortable lives. But Xers do not have such an expectation. Their different attitudes toward money were shaped by the circumstances surrounding the youth. Aftereffects of the Depression and World War Ⅱforced the Matures to be self-sacrificing and frugal. Xers experienced many uncertainties and crises: the savings-and-loan debacle of the ?80s, recession of the early ?90s and parents‘divorce. All these experiences havehelped them to develop pragmatism and the habit of protecting against the expected.4. Because this generation is more interested and better versed in investment. A study by Amex shows that they take more risks on technology stocks.5. They are more eager to earn money through hard work and more interested in starting up their own businesses for profits.6. No. they are spending money to make the time before retirement a pleasure. They spend more money than Boomers did in the same span on stereos, cellphones, beepers, all new VW Jettas and GMC Sunfires.OutlineI. News Lead: general description of Gen-X(1—2)Definition: age span; total number; focus on money; buying powerII. Reasons for Xers‘ focus on money(3—7)1. Survival instinct2. Early awareness of the unsafe cover of the social security system3. Faced with decreased job security4. Burdened with heavy debtIII. Measures taken to prepare for the future(8—24)1. Saving for retirement2. Hedging against the unexpected3. Investing in stocksa. Taking more risks on technology stocksb. Drawing more attention from investment firmsc. Showing more interest in forming clubs4. Money-first work ethica. More willing to work hard, take more job offersb. More interested in starting up their own businessesc. More preoccupied with money-makingIV. Xers‘ purchasing power(25—26)1. Xers‘ consumption pattern2. Reason for the consumption patternLesson 3Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. DVI.1. They found those Korean-Americans isolated and helpless, and recognized the attacks as a threat to Asians as a whole. For many Asian-Americans, the riots represented as an assault on their faith in America.2. The total population of Asian-Americans is about 7.3 million. Nearly 2.5 million arrived during the 1980s. The fastest increasing groups are Koreans and Vietnamese. About half of Asian immigrants settle on the Pacific coast while hundreds of thousands move on to New York and dozens of cities in between.3. They were brought to the United States in the 1860s to work on continental railroads as coolies. They were ill-treated and vilified as a ―population befouled with all the social vices‖. In 1887, there occurred the Snake River Massacre in Oregon, in which 31 Chinese were robbed and murdered.4. Asian families earn an average of $35,900 per year, more than the average for white families. However, as the Asian familyis larger, their per capita income is actually less than that of white people.5. They are called the ―model minority‖ because of their superiority to o ther races in habits of study and work. They are said to embody the American Dream of hard work, thrift and success. Asians, however, rebel against the model-minority label as another insidious stereotype. They think that it is a subtly racist excuse not to help underprivileged Asians and to hold back even average Asians on the ground that they already h ave ―natural‖ advantages.6. Because they believe that Asian-Americans have accepted the white mainstream culture and white people love them for everything the blacks are not.7. They are making great efforts to preserve and acquire the Asian culture by improving their original language proficiency, attacking the model minority image and Asians who forget their original culture.8. The main obstacles are skin color and lack of English proficiency.9. The Indo-Chinese group is most noted for street gang activities. The main cause is unemployment.10. The ties within each small Asian group are close and family connections are strong. A key link in the system is rotating credit association. However, many Asians lack a larger sense of unity and bring ancient rivalries from native countries. Most Asian support groups are based on nationality or even smaller units.OutlineI. Impact of the Los Angeles riots(1—2)1. Korean sufferings and helpless state2. Assault on Asian-Americans‘ faith in AmericaII. Racial bias against Asian-Americans(3—7)1. Asian immigrants‘ uglified image in the past2. Present model-minority label and its harmful effects3. Resentment against Asians for their success and behavior4. Asians‘ isolation from the rest of the society5. Boycotts and assaults on Asian businessesIII. American culture‘s influence(8—12)1. Fast increase of Asian immigrants wishing to realize the American Dream2. Second generation‘s tendency to abandon Asian values3. Identity crisis resulting from two cultures‘ pu ll4. Young people‘s efforts to preserve the original culture5. The least assimilated group: Chinatown residentsIV. Discrimination against Asians(13—17)1. Hurdles for assimilation2. Glass ceiling3. UnemploymentV. Similarities and differences between Asians and Blacks(18—21)1. Similar sufferings2. Similar spiritualities3. Asian-Americans‘ less difficulty in shrugging off the legacy of discrimination4. First-generation Asian immigrants‘ incredibly hardworking and thrifty characterVI. Asians‘ ties and political status(22—24)1. Close community ties2. Lack of a larger sense of unity3. Underrepresentation at all government levelsVII. Author‘s view concerning the development of Asians‘ sentiment(25) Unlikely to become a wider political movement。
英美报刊文章阅读期末考试要点
报刊考试范围：除Lesson Twenty-eight外的所有课文, 共10课考试时间：第17周，具体时间待定考试题型：I. List the dominant British and American newspapers and magazines and the four major news agencies in the world. 10%II. Translate the following terms into Chinese. 20% （60%出自要点）III. Translate the following into Chinese. 20% （要点）IV. Answer the following questions according to the texts you have learned. 20%（要点）V. Reading comprehension 30% （课外）复习要点Lesson One1.words to knowballpark, dugout, dwarf, elective, predominance, presence, refreshing, semester, underrepresented, unequaled, worldview2. translationSo while the average American student is aware of China‘s geographical presence, they are not quite as aware of its cultural presence. This is grossly unfair. China has a population of 1.3 billion and 5,000 years of uninterrupted history. Both of these numbers dwarf their U.S. counterparts. There is a clear need to raise cultural awareness of China in the United States.3. Answer the questionQuestion 3Lesson Two1.words to knowHBS, MBA , Talk show, cellular phone , consulting firm, debt specialists，go online , management consultant, management expertise, multinational,investment banking, start-up(company), silicon valley, Intel capital2. translationIt was one of those all-night gabfests when graduating students, in boozy camaraderie, bare their deepest feelings. Only this was more serious: the 11 classmates who gathered at an apartment on the HBS campus in May 1999 were wrestling with the fate of China.3. Answer the questionQuestion 1Lesson Four1.words to knowcanned performance, carbon dioxide, cash cow, cultural conservation, ethnic flavor, exploding tourism, carrying capacity, the lion‘s share, indigenous life infrastructure, sculpture, shrine, silk road, tourist boom, UNESCO, WHO2. translationCarved directly into a cliff face in the Gobi Desert, the Mogao caves contain a millennium‘s worth of work by travelers along the old Silk Road who turned countless small caves into stunningly painted shrines between the 4th and 14th centuries.3. Answer the questionQuestion 1Lesson Seven1.words to knowdiploma, a private college, alumni connections, class slacker, elite college/ education, extracurricular activities, feeder school, full scholarship, gilt-edged diploma, Ivy League, Ivy Leaguers, on-campus recruiting opportunities, public school, SAT scores, selective colleges, selectivity, test, pre course, undergraduate degree2. translationa. It‘s true that big law firms, major teaching hospitals, and investment banks—heck,even the offices of FORTUNE –are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It also true that if you want to a career at what passes for the American establishment—a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.b. The same traits that made the students desirable candidates for admission to Yale --ambition, intelligence, wit --carried over to the workplace, where they were duly (and comparably) rewarded, even though they had turned down an elite education.3. Answer the questionQuestion 2.4Lesson Nine1.words to knowagenda, campaign, concession speech, Congress, conservative, Democrat, electoral college, electoral map, exit poll, filibuster, the House, nominate, popular vote, President-elect, razor-thin margin, referendum, Republican, Senate2. translationa. It ushered in a new era of Democratic dominance in Congress, even though the partyappeared unlikely to meet its goal of capturing the 60 Senate votes needed for a filibuster-proof majority.b. The simple act of voting was a prosaic close to the longest and most expensivepresidential election in U.S. history, one that fundamentally changed national politics in communication strategy and voter outreach.3. Answer the questionQuestion 4Lesson Fifteen1.words to knowCIA, FBI, convict, count, felony, grand jury, indictment, juror, obstruction of justice, op-ed, perjury, prosecutor, right-hand man, scapegoat, State of the Union speech, testify, testimony, under oath, fall guy2. translationThe charge against Mr. Libby, Mr. Wells said, amounted to ―a weak, paper thin circumstantial case about ‗he said-she said.‘‖3. Answer the questionQuestion 1Lesson Seventeen1.words to knowchampion (v.), coercion, disparate forces, diplomacy, endorsement, confirmation hearing, proponent, smart power, soft power, think tank, Islamist, jihadist terrorism2. translationThere was never a president, including Bush, who didn‘t want to be smart about using power and who repudiated feasible diplomatic solutions in order to pursue foreign-policy goals militaristically instead.3. Answer the questionQuestion 2Lesson Nineteen1. words to knowAbove politics, annus horribilis, apolitical stand, constitutional monarch/ monarchy, cult of personality, dissolve Parliament, figurehead, head of state, parliamentary democracy, take sides, the Commonwealth, usurp power, waive the power2. translationThis apolitical stance has made it possible for the political culture of Great Britain to assimilate, with relative ease, theories that would appear on the face of things to be radically at odds with a system of monarchical government--for example, socialism.3. Answer the questionQuestion 4Lesson Twenty-four1. words to knowbinge, carbon footprint, chump change, disposable income, frugal, garage sale, grapple with, guilt trip, hippie movement, hybrid car, ostentation, stock options, the yuppie period2. translationThey may have disposable income, but whatever they make, they live below their means in a conscious effort to tread lightly on the earth.3. Answer the questionQuestion 1.5Lesson Twenty-five1. words to knowAhead-of–the-curve, ascendancy, baby boomers, bleeding edge, clinical genomics, genome, imaging cutting-edge, longevity, navigate, offshore, overtax, simulation, unsung hero,2. translationThe already overtaxed U.S. healthcare system will be forced to take on more patients because of the many aging baby boomers, the influx of immigrants, and the millions of now uninsured Americans who would be covered under a national healthcare plan likely to be enacted in the next president's administration.3. Answer the questionQuestion 5。
报刊选读课后答案
电大英语报刊选读课程导学一、课程总的概况课程领域概括这是英语教学中的一门不能或缺的课程。
通过学习本课程，使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。
通过阅读英语报刊了解国际时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。
以利学生进一步巩固和提高英语学习，培养学生英语阅读的能力。
目标引导本课程的教学目的是通过学生自主学习及教师的导学和助学（包括面授辅导），使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。
通过阅读英语报刊了解国际时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。
进一步巩固和提高学生英语阅读理解和简单翻译的能力。
二、使用学习资源1．根据主教材学习1．本课程采用的文字主教材为《美英报刊文章阅读》（精选本第二版），及上海电视大学外语系编辑的报刊活页。
本课程教学安排为一学期。
课内学时为72，共4学分，（每周4学时）。
《美英报刊文章阅读》共30课，选其中10为必学内容，其余内容供学生自学，10课必学内容为Lessons1,3,4,8,10,13,14,19,24,26。
以上10课用10周学完。
每周一课。
2．本教材课文并非按语言难易循序渐进，而是按内容编写，学生自学时有一定难度。
学生学习时重点是根据教师的导学，掌握一定的英语报刊常见词汇，基本会看懂报刊文章的大意；通过翻译报刊标题了解报刊大致内容；通过阅读英语报刊文章了解国际时事、各国的历史、文化、风俗、习惯，掌握相关的信息。
因此阅读和理解是重点。
教师助学时应着重帮助学生掌握重点，分析讲解难点，而语法分析、语言点的掌握不作要求。
建议学生在课后以练习为线索，多看看英语报刊文章。
考前复习也是以练习，常见词汇和推荐的英语报刊文章为主。
3．本课程实际是泛读快速阅读训练的混合型课程。
泛读是一门进行大量阅读实践的课程，应该突出"泛"的特点。
美英报刊阅读教程高级本精选版课后练习题含答案 (2)
美英报刊阅读教程高级本精选版课后练习题含答案简介美英报刊阅读教程高级本精选版是一本针对英语读者的阅读教材，旨在提升读者的英语阅读能力。
本书涵盖了各种不同主题的文章，包括科学、技术、商业、文学、历史、政治等方面。
本书的课后练习题旨在帮助读者进一步巩固所学知识，提高阅读能力。
精选练习题1.根据文章中的信息回答问题文章标题：Living with RobotsAccording to a new report, robots are going to have a big impact on our lives in the future. The report predicts that within the next 10 years, robots will be part of our everyday lives in avariety of ways.One area where robots are already being used is in the home.For example, there are already robots that can help with housework, like vacuuming and doing the dishes. There are also robots beingdeveloped that can help older people live independently for longer.Question: What is the report about?Answer: The report predicts that within the next 10 years, robots will be part of our everyday lives in a variety of ways.2.根据单词或短语填空文章标题：The Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageStudies have shown that learning a second language has many benefits for the brn. It can improve cognitive function and delay the onset of Alzheimer’s di sease.Fill in the gaps with the correct words or phrases:–Learning a second language can improve _______ function and _______ the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.Answer: cognitive, delay3.根据上下文填空文章标题：The Future of Space TravelThere have been many exciting developments in space travel in recent years. However, some experts are concerned about the risks involved in sending astronauts on long missions to other planets.Fill in the gaps with the correct words:–There have been many exciting developments in _______ travel in recent years.–Some experts are concerned about the risks involved in sending astronauts on _______ missions to other planets.Answer: space, long4.根据性质分类文章标题：The Science of DreamsDreams are a natural part of the sleep cycle. They are produced by the brn during REM sleep, which occurs several timesduring the night. Dreams can be vivid and complex, and are ofteninfluenced by our thoughts and experiences during the day.Classify the following into natural or influenced by thoughts and experiences:–Vivid and complex dreams–Dreams produced during REM sleepAnswer: Vivid and complex dreams are influenced by thoughts and experiences. Dreams produced during REM sleep are natural.5.根据情境回答问题文章标题：The Importance of ReadingReading is an important skill that can help you in many areas of your life. It can improve your vocabulary andcomprehension skills, and can also help you to relax and reducestress.Question: How can reading help you in your life?Answer: Reading can improve your vocabulary and comprehension skills, and can also help you to relax and reduce stress.结语本文提供了几道精选练习题，旨在帮助读者更好地巩固所学知识，提高阅读能力。
报刊第五课-期末复习资料-英语专业
According to Western mass media, the value of news includes: activities of VIPs and celebrities, government activities, rare and odd events (sex affairs and scandals), and new social trends.
Darwinism can be best marked as “selection through nature” and “survival of the fittest”.
Although the theory of evolution has been accepted as basic theory in textbooks of public schools, it has been challenged ever since its birth.
Part II. Text: The Evolution Wars
Part I. News Writing
The pillar for modern news are: seeking novelty and arousing sensation. The saying goes: It is not news when a dog bites a man, but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog.
英美报刊考试复习重点
Anwar Sadat Assassinated at Cairo Military ReviewCAIRO, October 7----Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, a modern-day pharaoh who attempted to lead the Arab world toward a permanent Mideast peace with Israel, was assassinated yesterday by a band of soldiers who attacked a military parade reviewing stand with automatic rifles and hand grenades.埃及总统安瓦尔·萨达特，这位试图带领阿拉伯世界走向与以色列实现中东持久和平的当代法老，昨天检阅部队时，被几名士兵用自动步枪和手榴弹击中身亡。
许多阿拉伯国家得知他的死讯后，都高兴不已。
利比亚首都黎波里街头，人们还跳起了舞。
黎巴嫩总统沙非克·瓦赞概括阿拉伯人的情感时如是说：“是戴维营害死了萨达特。
”Defending Champion Liu Quits Games for Injury 123Para 2 令电视机前数以百万计中国人惊讶而又失望的场面出现了。
在110米跨栏跑预赛有人抢跑后，刘翔在伤痛中站起了身，随后退出了这场本应由他扮演明星角色的比赛。
Para 5 对中国许多人来说，刘翔的奥运成绩意义非凡，超出了体育范畴。
在2004雅典奥运会上，他在一个竞争激烈的田径项目上夺冠，成为首名夺得奥运田径金牌的中国人。
“我的胜利说明，黄皮肤的运动员能够像那些黑人和白人跑得一样快。
”刘翔在谈到雅典夺金时表示。
Time is money, Just Figure out How much 126Para2英国的一位大学教授计算出了一个数字公式，帮助人们精确计算一小时究竟有多少价值。
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《美英报刊文章阅读》课程期末复习指导一、课程说明：本课程采用的文字教材为《美英报刊文章阅读》，由9个单元，30课书组成。
考虑到该课程教学时数的限制和教材本身所含的信息量大,学生学习负担可能偏重等因素,特规定以下15课为必学内容。
这15课内容在18周内完成,平均每周1课,余下的三周用作期末复习.15课必学内容为:Lessons1,3,4,5,6,8,13, 15, 17,19，20，21,24,28,30。
其余内容供学生自学.二、课程性质：本课程属于中央电大的统设课,省管选修课.三、阅读美英报刊必须打好下列两项基本功：1、新闻词语：新闻语言与我国学生在中学和大学低年级所学课文的规范语言不完全相同。
学生们以前所学的内容大多是关于学习和人生哲理的一些小故事，对新闻语言很陌生，词义面也窄，一见到run, race, juice, measure,Speaker, gunship, establishment, take a walk, go fishing, high profile, dry, wet, He blinked和I’m a family man就容易本能地分别认为是“跑”、“竞赛”、“汁”、“措施”、“发言人”、“炮舰”、“建立”、“散步”、“去钓鱼”、“高姿态”、“干”、“湿”、“他眨眼睛了”和“我是一个有家室的人”；而在时事英文中，这些词语很可能分别为“竞选”、“竞选”、“神通”、“议案”、“议长”、“武装直升机”、“权势集团”、“退党”、“与党离心离德”、“引人注目或公开的”、英国保守党中的“强硬派”、“温和派”、“他顶不住而退让了”和“我是一个治家有方、治国（或治州、治市）有道的人”等词义。
由此可见，初学者必须拓宽词义，逐渐掌握一定数量的新闻词语，尤其要注意一词多义，不能一见到culture, challenge, resources story等就想当然认为只是“文化”、“挑战”、“资源”和“故事”的词义。
2、国际知识：学英语不能仅仅局限于学语言，还要注意积累各方面的知识，有了比较广泛的知识，才能收到更好的学习效果。
美英报刊涉及的面极广，政治、军事、外交、经济、文化、教育等内容无所不包。
如不了解背景，有些词语和文章就难以理解。
如看到Afghanistan’s，就只知道是“阿富汗主义”，至于什么是阿富汗主义，就知之甚少了，更不知道为什么多数美国总统推行“宁管天边乱，不闻眼前事”的政策或主张。
实际上，Afghanistanism是“重外交、轻内政的政策或作法”，因为国内问题往往积重难返，见效慢，而外交问题举世瞩目，易出风头，在选民中易得分，以利他们竞选连任。
“9·11”事件后，美国对阿动武，推翻了塔利班政权，该词词义今后或许会有所变化。
六、平时作业：教材中的作业：该教材共分8单元，每两个单元的练习为一次作业，共4次作业。
每次作业的内容不得少于12个问答题。
四、考核、考试：《美英报刊文章阅读》课程的考核包括形成性考核和终结性考试.1、形成性考核：《美英报刊文章阅读》课程形成性考核占课程总成绩的30%,成绩根据学生完成作业的情况,在课堂上的综合表现以及参加小组活动和其他学习中心组织的活动的情况综合而定。
每学期至少布置四次作业,应要求学生独立完成,作为形成性考核成绩的主要依据。
2、终结性考试：本课程的终结性考试占课程总成绩的70%,考试按教学大纲的要求进行,由中央电大统一命题。
考试内容应紧密结合所学教材,重点考核学生的阅读理解能力。
本课程的考试按教学大纲的要求进行,教材中的内容占50%，闭卷,120分钟。
五、试题类型及分值:Part One: Translate the following words into Chinese (40%)Part Two: Choose the right answer to each question (30%)Part Three: Answer the following questions (30%)考试由3篇文章组成,主要测试对其中关键词及词组的准确理解;对某些较长句子的翻译;回答问题,以检验是否读懂整篇文章.六、模拟题：以下共有5篇文章供复习.Part A;Best Graduate SchoolsTrue, the majority of graduate students still favor bricks-and mortar institutions (1)andall that typically comes with them, from ivy-covered buildings to chance encounters with peers (2)and professors between classes. Yet a growing number of people are pursuing advanced degrees without stepping onto a university campus. Why the huge upsurge (3) of interest in remote learning The Internet revolution is part of the answer. The Web now provides a formerly missing ingredient in distance education(4)----quick and easy communication between students and instructors, and among classmates. In addition, demand for distance courses has burgeoned(5) thanks to the evolution of the information-based economy. "To stay employable,(6) (workers)need to keep on learning," says Kay Kohl, executive director of the University Continuing Education Association. This trend has given rise to an older pool of graduate students(7) : Today, more than half are over age 30, and nearly one quarter are over 40. Distance education is a great fit for these working adults, many of whom find it difficult to skip a child's ballet lesson or fight rush-hour traffic to get to a university campus for class.As more people turn to distance education, a debate has flared over whether it can be a good substitute for face-to-face instruction.(8) Thomas Russell, author of a 1999 report titled "The No Significant Difference Phenomenon" which reviews more than 350 studies of distance-learning programs, argues that the two modes of instruction are equivalent as far as student learning is concerned. Rebecca Behrend, believes that distance ed is the superior choice.(9) She says that discussions between student and professor, and among peers, were more rigorous than those she experienced in the two on-campus master's programs she previously attended.But critics vehemently disagree with Russell's point of view. "I don't think you can get any education over the Internet," says David Noble, a historian of technology at York University in Toronto. " Education requires a relationship between people because it's a process of identity formation, validation, encouragement, emulation, and inspiration. This only happens face to face (10)".Even advocates acknowledge that distance education isn't for everyone---that it takes independence, self-discipline, and a lot of motivation to succeed.(11) Further, the quality of distance-degree programs is uneven. "A majority of universities have entered the distance-learning market rapidly and are not well prepared," says Vicky Phillips, "Students run the risk of being guinea pigs(12)" Thus it's important to consider an array of factors before choosing a school: accreditation, program history, cost, academic field, residency, and technology.Translate the words and sentences underlined above in the passage into Chinese.1. 2.3. 4.5. 6.7 8.9. 10.11 . 12.Answer questions in English:Why are institutions engaging in distance education thought of as best graduate schoolsWill the distance education substitute the traditional education Explain.What's the advantage of remote learningWhat are the factors you should consider before you choose a distance-education schoolPart B:Killing in the name of GodHow could faith beget such evil (1) After hundreds of members of a Ugandan cult,(2) the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, died in what first appeared to be a suicidal fire in the village of Kanungu two weeks ago, police found 153 bodies buried in a compound used by the cult(3) in Buhunga, 25 miles away. Some had been poisoned; others, often young children, strangled. Authorities believe two of the cult's leaders, Joseph Kibwetere, a 68-year-old former Roman Catholic catechism teacher who started the cult in 1987, and his "prophetess" Credonia Mwerinde, by some accounts a former prostitute who claimed to speak for the Virgin Mary, may still be alive and on the run(4). The pair had predicted(5) the world would end on Dec. 31, 1999. When that didn't happen, followers who demanded the return of their possessions,(6) which they had to surrender(7) on joining the cult, may have been systematically killed.The Ugandan carnage (8)focuses attention on the proliferation (9)of religious cults in East Africa's impoverished rural areas and city slums. According to the Institute for the Study of American Religion, which researches cults and sects, there are now more than 5,000 indigenous churches (10)in Africa, some with apocalyptic or revolutionary learning.Most experts say Africa's hardships push people to seek hope in religious cults. "These groups thrive because of poverty,"(11) says harles Brown, editor of the Monitor, an independent newspaper in Uganda. "People have no support, and they're susceptible (12)to anyone who is able to tap into their insecurity.(13)" Additionally, they say, AIDS, which has ravaged East Africa, may also breed a fatalism that helps apocalyptic notions take root.(14)Some Africans turn to cults after rejecting mainstream Christian churches as "Western" or "non-American". Agnes Maasitsa, 30, who used to attend a Catholic church before she joined the Jerusalem Church of Christ, says of Catholicism: "It's dull."There is the question: How could so many killings have been carried out without drawing attention Villagers were aware of Kibwetere's sect, whose followers communicated mainly through sign language (15)and apparently were apprehensive about violating any of the cult's commandments. There were suspicions. Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni told the BBC that intelligence reports about the dangerous nature of the group had been suppressed by some government officials. Now, there are calls for African governments to monitor cults more closely.(16) Says Gillbert Ogutu, a professor of religious studies at the University of Nairobi:" When cult leaders lose support, they become dangerous."Translate the words and sentences underlined above in the passage. Into Chinese.1. 2.3. 4.5. 6.7 8.9.. 10.11. 12.13. 14.15. 16.Answer questions in English:Why did so many Ugandans die in faithWhy do people there seek hope in cultsWhy do some Africans reject Christian churches4)How could so many killings have been carried out without drawing attentionLobbyists Out of Shadows Into The SpotlightRecent years have seen an exploration in the number of advocates(1) hired by corporations, labor unions, individuals and other special interests who want to influence actions of the White House, Congress and regulatory agenciesWho are these people How do they earn their pay How effective are they Lobbying, (2) a practice as old as the nation's government, got its name from the cozy relationship struck up (3)in lobbies of the Capitol and nearby hotels between members of Congress and those seeking favor..(4) In the early days, companies would often seal the vote of a politician by simply putting him on retainer.(5)Lobbyists quickly developed an unsavory reputation (6)of being bagmen who conducted the people's business around the poker table. Despite periodic scandals and demands for reform, Congress has been reluctant to tamper with laws guaranteeing the right of citizens to petition the government.(7)Lobbyists come in a variety of guises, but lawyers, trade-association representatives and public relations consultants dominates the field.(8)A number of lobbyists previously served in key government posts. The roster includes more than 300 former member of Congress, cabinet and White House officials and congressional aides.Lobby firms come in all sizes. For every large lobbying firm doing business out of a plushy downtown building, there are scores of tiny operations (9)that often deal in specialized issues. Stanley Brand says of his small outfits: " We can be a lot more efficient than the large firms, and some clients aren't always interested in the large hitters(10)Lobbying is big money. A highpowered organization will charge an annual retainer of $ 200,000 or more. To put a premium on winning, (11)some contracts include "success bonus" clauses. With millions or even billions of dollars on the line in bills before Congress, the stake run high. (12)Lobbyists often are hired not so much to influence officials as to find out what is going on in Washington that could affect a client. Mounting a drive to get voters to work on members of Congress through letters, telephone calls and personal visits can have enormous impact.(13)Lobbying is a two-way street.(14) When they are not busy trying to sway the views of politicians, the lobbyists are engaged in raising campaign money for those same politicians.. Lobbyists, like members of most professions, have their intramural quarrels..(15)Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and preferred to work behind the scenes, (16)many seek publicity(17) as a useful tool. The Watergate era put a stop to all the underground games being played, so they came out of the closet. (18) Whether they work offstage or in the spotlight, lobbyists promise to continue exerting a powerful influence as long as there's a Washington.(19)A) Translate the words and sentences underlined above in the passage. Into Chinese1.2. 3.4. 5.6. 7.8. 9.10. 11.12. 13.14. 15.18. 19.B) Answer questions in English:1)Who are lobbyists usually hired by2) What is the relationship between lobbyists and legislatorsWhy do some of the former senior officials choose lobbying as their profession4) How do lobbyists earn their pay How effective are theyPart D:Judge Sees Politics in Los Alamos CaseBy Walter PincusWashington Post ServiceWASHINGTON--------- By blaming "top decision-makers" in Washington for mistakes in the prosecution (1)of Wen Ho Lee, a federal judge in New Mexico has raised questions about the degree to which policies affected the government's case against the nuclear weapons scientist.The judge questioned "the unfair manner"(2) in which Mr. Lee had been held in custody, the severity of the original charges and an unexplained White House meeting just before the indictment.(3)The implication (4)of the sharp criticism on Wednesday by Judge James Parker of U.S District Court was that he believed government officials were inspired by factors other than a principal attempt to protect national security. (5)"Dr Lee, I tell you with great sadness that I was led astray(6) by the executive branch of government" Judge Parker said in a courtroom packed with Mr.Lee's family and friends.The judge's unusual remarks set off a round of finger-pointing in Washington,(7)where Attorney General Janet Reno, the FBI director, Louis Freeh, and Energy Secretary Bill Richardson defended their handling of the case, noting that Mr.Lee had admitted to a serious security breach-(8)---illegally downloading data from the classified (9)computer system at Los Alamos National Laboratory to 10 portable tapes, seven of which have disappeared.The Dec. 10,1999, arrest of the Los Alamos scientist, and his indictment on 59 counts of mishandling nuclear secrets, took place in a highly charged atmosphere(10) that included accusations by Republicans that the Clinton administration was not responding aggressively to evidence of Chinese espionage.Earlier in the year, a select House committee, chaired by Representative Christopher Cox, charged that China had stolen information on every warhead in the U.S ballistic missile arsenal.Meanwhile, the political heat (11)was growing .In May 1999,Mr Cox said on television :"Without question, because we have not apprehended the people who have been able to penetrate the labs over a period of many years ,we have to assume they are still there."According to a Justice official, the decision to bring a mammoth indictment was based on the "enormous value" scientists placed on the data and the"clandestine pattern" of Mr Lee's behavior. When both elements were later found to have been overstated ,,he said, "the case seemed to collapse," (12)he said .Once jailed, Mr.Lee was placed in solitary confinement. That drew heatedcriticism(13) from the judge."We're paying the piper on that,(14)" said a senior official who participated in the case." We pushed solitary confinement to make life as difficult as possible so that he would tell us why he took the tapes and what he had done with them," the official said.Both Justice and Energy officials took issue with(15) the implication that politics was involved in the process, and with the suggestion that the meeting between White House and Justice officials prior to the indictment was improper,"Politics was never in the equation,"(16) said one senior Energy official who was in that meeting .The primary issue, he said, was "have we given Justice prosecutors enough wiggle room so that we could take the case to trial without compromising security information."Senator Arlen Specter said he would schedule hearings to investigate whether Justice Department officials" tried to make up for their blunders by unfairly throwing the book at Dr .Lee."(17)But the committee's ranking Democrat ,Senator Patrick Leahy said he would "urge caution" because past congressional hearings on alleged Chinese espionage might have been largely to blame for (18)mistakes in Mr. Lee's prosecution. A "central issue," he said, is: "Did congressional pressure push the government to indict too quickly and to focus too soon on the wrong target "Translate the words and sentences underlined above in the passage. Into Chinese. 1. 2.3. 4.5 6.7. 8.9 10.11. 12.13. 14.15. 16.17. 18.B) Answer questions in English:1)Who are the top decision-makers in the case2) What are the factors which have caused government officials to accuse Mr. Lee of spying3) Did the Justice and Energy officials in question agree with what Judge Parker said4) Who is to blame in the casePart E:The Rich Get Richer and electedThe House of Representatives, which prides itself on being "the people's House." has been turning into a rich man's club.The representatives newly elected in 1984 were almost four times as wealthy as the first-term lawmakers elected only six years before, according to a new study based on the members' financial reports.Behind this remarkable swing(1) , the study says, are two main factors: a court decision that outlawed(2) limits on what candidates could give to their own campaigns, and the enormous growth in the cost of pursuing a seat in Congress. As a result, it is increasingly difficult for candidates of modest means, particularly women, to mount successful challenge to entrenched office holders.(3)One solution, (4)the author contend, is a system of public financing for campaigns, but Congress seems in no mood to change the political rules any time soon."The lower chamber is growing upper class," said Mark Green, the president of The Democracy Project, a public policy institute based in New York. "But this evolution from a House of representatives to a House of Lords denies the diversity of our democracy. It establishes a de facto property qualification for office that increasingly says: low and middle income need not apply."(5)Members of Congress must report their assets in broad categories,(6) not exact numbers, so the figures(7) in the study are not precise. But the minimum average wealth of the 43 lawmakers first elected last year was $251,292. Six years earlier, the 74 new members reported an average of only $41,358 in assets. With inflation figure in, the increase was almost 400 percent in real terms(8)The main reason for the change, Mr Green maintains, is the Supreme Court decision of 1976 in the case of Buckley V. Valeo. In that case, the Court ruled that limits mandated by Congress on the amount a candidate could give to his or her own campaign were an unconstitutional abridgement of individual rights(9). At the same time, the Court upheld limits on amounts contributed by outsiders."Quite naturally" Mr Green said, "this puts a premium on(10) personal wealth."The second factor putting a premium on personal wealth, Mr Green argues, is the rapid rise of political action committees. They tend to favor incumbents with their campaign contributions,(11) and a result, Mr Green says, is that it takes a wealthy challenger to make a race of things.One apparent effect is that the obstacle this pose for women who run for Congress. While women in rapidly rising numbers are capturing local and state offices, their representation on the national level has stayed static.(12) The class of 1984 included only two women: Helen Bentley of Maryland and Jan Meyers of Kansas, both Republicans.The authors of the study argue that some form of public financing for campaigns should be instituted. "Competition for public office should be based more upon merit than money", asserted Gene KarpinskiMr Wertheimer, president of Common Cause, argues that "members of Congress know they have a national scandal on their hands"(13) and willing to consider public financing, or at least a total limit on PAC contributions. But the chances for change in the current system remain decidedly poor.Obviously the current occupants of Capitol Hill have kept their seats under the present rules, which clearly favor incumbents. Accordingly, Mr Green maintains, Congress is still probably "several scandals away" from a serious push to change the campaign system.(14)Translate the words and sentences underlined above in the passage into Chinese.1. 2.3. 4.5. 6.7. 8.9. 10.11. 12.13. 14.B) Answer questions in English:1) In what way did the Court decision favor the wealthy candidates2) What role do political action committees play in a campaign for public office3) What factors put a premium on personal wealth。