牛津高中英语模块一定语从句详解 附习题。
2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习.doc
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
牛津高中英语模块一Unit1语法定语从句讲解
whom 人 宾 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人,物 定 I like those books whose topics are about history.
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(四) 关系代词用who/whom不用that的情况
❖One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
❖Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.
that 人,物 主,宾 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
❖I read a report about his new novel _t_h_a_t/_w_h_i_ch__ will soon be published.
❖The plan _t_h_a_t/_w_h_ic_h___they argued about was settled at last.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
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2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块 1 至模块 4 语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1. 就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词: The green team介词短语: The team in green定语从句: The team who were wearing green2. 定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如 which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如 when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语 The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 做宾语 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表语 Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语 She has a brother whose name I can ’t remember.做状语 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词: that,which,who,whom,和 whose1. 在定语从句中, that 和 which 用来指代物。
eg: This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2. 在定语从句中, who 用来指代人。
eg: I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3. 当 who 在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom 来取代,且 whom 比 who 更正式。
2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
高中英语牛津上海版高中一年级第一学期定语从句讲解及练习(有答案)
定语从句讲解及练习一、定义1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等提示:关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
例:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.分析:该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,在定语从句中代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结材料及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结与练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just e back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句:定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:The green team介词短语:The team in green定语从句:The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句:关系代词:that,which,who,whom,和whose1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人。
eg:I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
牛津高中英语模块一定语从句详解_附习题。
定语从句。
定义。
an exciting match: 形容词可以放在名词之前作定语,来修饰名词the book in my hand: 介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语,来修饰名词。
但如果修饰名词的定语不是某一个词或短语,而是一个句子时,我们就要使用定语从句。
定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中心名词(先行词)之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用。
注意。
1.从句相当于整个句子的一个成分,因此,从句不能单独使用。
She saw that he was sleeping.( 宾语从句)I am reading the article which is about your experience in the UK.( 定语从句)2.先行词定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”,因为它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定语从句先行一步。
先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。
e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.3.关系词从意义上说:先行词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说:先行词不在从句中出现引导定语从句,并取代先行词在从句中的成分e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.关系词的功能:1. 关系词作主语(动作发出者)The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 关系词作宾语(动作接受者)We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 关系词作表语Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boyJack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 关系词作定语(通常为所有格)She has a brother. I can ’t remember his name.She has a brother whose name I can ’t remember.5. 关系词作状语(时间状语、地点状语、原因状语)The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the schoolThe school where he studies is in Shenzhen.4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
高中英语 牛津上海版高中一年级第一学期 定语从句专项讲解及练习(有答案)
定语从句一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等提示:关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
例:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.分析:该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,在定语从句中代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
牛津版高一高中英语 定语从句 (语法点+练习 含答案)
★课程标题:定语从句★教学目标知识目标: 学习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能,能准确选择定语从句所需要的关系代词和关系副词;能力目标:能较好的运用定语从句,能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句;情感目标:提高学生对学习语法的兴趣和积极性,较好地掌握定语从句的用法,理解定语从句,运用知识点解题.★教学重难点定语从句中关系代词和关系复副词的选择定语从句中as 的用法定语从句中介词+which 的用法定语从句中先行词是抽象名词时,关系代词和关系副词的选择★授课过程Part One: 基础知识讲解英语的五种基本句式英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。
这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。
换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。
这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十IO十DO 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十OC 主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;IO=间接宾语;DO=直接宾语;OC=宾语补足语Part Two: 定语从句:重要概念:定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词:定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”,它往往放在定语从句之前。
关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(where, when, why).e.g; (1) The story that I read just now is encouraging.(2) I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.1.2. 非.限制性定语从句John, who speaks Spanish, works there.3. 介词加which/whom相当于一关系副词4.of which/ whom 相当于whose.名词+of which 作主语常可用“whose +名词”结构取代,但of which 所修饰的名词前应带the.Eg. I like the house, the windows of which are all broken.I like the house, whose windows are all broken.5.in which case 引导的定语从句, 在非限制性定语从句中,用抽象名词case, point,reason,situation, time 等总结主句的内容时,以“介词+which+抽象名词”构成从句,对所提的事进行补充说明.Eg. The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.6. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
牛津高中英语模块一定语从句详解_附习题。
that使用时候出现的矛盾1. The very chair on __ which ______ she is sitting is made of plastics.2. My sister is a nurse, __ who ____I am not.选择题4.The man ____has arrived .A. whom I told youB. that I told youC. whom I told you about himD. I told you about定语从句练习1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.A.which B.with C.with it D.with which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.A.of whom B.by that C.by whom D.by which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.A.on which B.at which C.through which D.in which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A.in which B.worn by C.through which D.on which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns’.A.that followed B.to followC.following D.followed6、You may take anything useful .A.which you want B.you want themC.what you want D.you want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.A.like B.that C.as D.which8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.A.of who B.of whom C.of which D.of them9、You can take any seat is free.A.in which B.that C.where D.which10、Is there anything to you?A.that belong B.which belongsC.that belongs D.that is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.A.where B.that C.as D.which12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.A.till B.that C.since D.which13、She hasn’t got enough money she buys the rings.A.for which B.with which C.that D.which14、I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library.A.they B.which C./ D.that15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.A.it B.where C.that D.which16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A.it B.which C./ D.that17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.on which B.where C.in that D.during which18、The train she was traveling was lateA.on that B.for which C.on which D.which19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.A.on which B.that C.when D.where20、I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need.A.that, that B.which, that C.where, which D.in which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.A.on which B.on that C.in which D.which22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?A.why B.which C.for that D.for why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?A.this school where B.this school oneC.this the school D.this school24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.A.whose B.which C.who’s D.who25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?A.which you talked B.that you talkedC.about that you talked D.you talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.A.which has been shown B.that have been shownC.that have shown D.have been shown27、Do you know the man ?A.that I spoke B.I spoke toC.to who I spoke D.whom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.A.two-thirds in which B.two-thirds in themC.two-thirds of them D.of whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.A.neither of them B.none of themC.neither of which D.none of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.A.by it B.through which C.with that D.in which 31、Do you know the reason he was late?A.for which B.for what C.which D.that32、has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A.As B.That C.What D.Which33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A.who B.what C.that D.as34、They’re invented me to their party, is kind of them.A.this B.that C.which D.as35、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.A.this B.that C.which D.as36、There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.A.as B.where C.which D.that37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.A.who B.when C.where D.which38、Next month, you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.A.where B.when C.that D.which39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.A.which B.that C.when D./40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatlyin the school.A.that B.when C.who D.whichⅡ、Fill in the blanks:1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.Ⅲ、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、April 15, 1976 is the day when we’ll never forget.11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .13、This is all which I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone who’s house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.21、A plane is a machine can fly.22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.23、Those that want to go put up your hands.24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?【答案】:Ⅰ、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A5、A6、D7、C8、B9、D10、C11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D15、C16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C20、D21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A25、D26、B 27、B 28、D 29、C30、B31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C35、C36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B40、AⅡ、1、who / that 2、which / that 3、whose 4、which /that5、who / that6、when7、which / that8、where9、which 10、whom 11、which 12、where13、when 14、which 15、who 16、which17、that 18、thatⅢ、1、where—that 2、where—which 3、√4、when—that / which5、that—where6、去掉there7、that—why 8、that—which 9、which—where10、when—which / that 11、man后面加who 12、students后面加who13、which—that 14、who’s—whose 15、去掉it16、were—was 17、which—when 18、have—has19、whom—who 20、that—where21、machine后面加which / that 22、which—that23、that—who 24、that—which 25、whom—that。
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定语从句。
定义。
an exciting match:形容词可以放在名词之前作定语,来修饰名词the book in my hand:介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语,来修饰名词。
但如果修饰名词的定语不是某一个词或短语,而是一个句子时,我们就要使用定语从句。
定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中心名词(先行词)之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用。
注意。
1.从句相当于整个句子的一个成分,因此,从句不能单独使用。
She saw that he was sleeping.(宾语从句)I am reading the article which is about your experience in the UK.(定语从句)2.先行词定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”,因为它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定语从句先行一步。
先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。
e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.3.关系词从意义上说:先行词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说:先行词不在从句中出现引导定语从句,并取代先行词在从句中的成分e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.关系词的功能:1.关系词作主语(动作发出者)The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 关系词作宾语(动作接受者)We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 关系词作表语Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boyJack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 关系词作定语(通常为所有格)She has a brother. I can’t remember his name.She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.5. 关系词作状语(时间状语、地点状语、原因状语)The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the schoolThe school where he studies is in Shenzhen.4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系词。
关系代词(relative pronouns)who, whom, which, that, as, whose等跟在先行词的后面,指代先行词,引出定语从句。
在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作用。
who的用法先行词必须是人,作主语和宾语e.g. The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer. The girl who you saw just now is Jane.作宾语时,可用whom, that替换, 可以省略。
whom的用法先行词必须是人,作宾语。
通常可以省略e.g. The girl whom / who / that you saw just now is Jane.which的用法先行词必须是事物,作主语和宾语e.g. This is the book which / that was written in easy English by our English teacher.作主语时,关系词不可省略。
The pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.作宾语时,关系词可以省略。
注意(whom & which):whom & which做介词宾语时,介词常可提前,即介词+whom/which+从句,此时whom & which不能由who或that代替,不能省略。
e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.但当介词置于从句末尾时,whom可以由who或that代替,which可由that代替,都能省略。
e.g. This is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可拆开,一般还是放在动词之后,不提前。
He is the student who the teachers are looking for.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.动词短语是否可以拆分,关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。
如果意思不变,可以拆分,否则不行。
that的用法1)that可作定语从句中的主语(取代who或which),宾语(取代who或whom或which)2)关系代词作表语,必须使用that,指代人或物,可以省略。
e.g. My father is no longer the man (that) he was.My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago.3)that的特殊用法必须使用that的情况。
①当先行词是人+事物时。
e.g.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The police had great trouble in diverting the men and the cars that had blocked the way.②当先行词跟在系动词be后作表语,或关系词本身作定语从句的表语时,关系代词必须用that,但也可以省略e.g.My father is no longer the man (that) he was.He thought his daughter would be the dancer (that) she always wanted to be. It’s a book (that) will help you a great deal.③当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词如the first, the last 等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the first choice that I have made.She is the most careful girl that I have ever known.This is the last letter that I received from him.④当先行词前面有the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, few, little等词修饰时。
e.g. The only person that seems to know the truth is Doctor Brown.Any person that wants to succeed must work hard.There is no difficulty that we can not overcome.I have read all the books that can be borrowed here.⑤当先行词本身为不定代词如anything, something, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little, none, the one时。
e.g.All that I want is peace and stability.There is little that I can do.There is nothing that I can tell you.I have tried everything that I can think of.I do not mean this one. I mean the one that was bought yesterday.注意:anybody, nobody, everybody等不在此列。
不能使用that的情况。
①当定语从句前有介词时,关系代词不能用that。
②that不能用于非限制性定于从句。
③当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those, 指人时,用who。
e.g.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.④当先行词是he时,用who。
(多谚语)e.g.He who plays with fire gets burnt.He who laughs at last laughs best.⑤当先行词本身是that时,用which或who避免重复不能用于非限制性定于从句。
e.g.What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?whose的用法whose作定语从句中的定语,表示所修饰的“某(些)人的”或“某物的”。
e.g.The boy whose name is Tom is the top student in my class.Look at the house whose roof is red.注意:当whose指代物时,whose+从句结构=…of which+从句=of which the…+从句e.g. Look at the house whose roof is red.Look at the house, the roof of which is red.Look at the house, of which the roof is red.as的用法1)as用于限制性定语从句so …as;such…as;the same…as;2)as用于非限制性定语从句。