当前植物生理生态学研究的几个热点问题

植物生态学报　2001,25(5)514～519

Acta P h ytoecolog i ca Si nica

·植物生理生态学专栏·

当前植物生理生态学研究的几个热点问题

蒋高明

(中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室,北京　100093)

摘　要　简要介绍了最近国内外植物生理生态学研究的几个热点问题。这些问题主要围绕着人类活动影响造成的几大重要环境因子改变而可能导致的植物生理生态变化展开,包括CO2浓度升高、紫外辐射增加、温度变化、强光、盐生环境扩大化等;部分工作探讨已经存在的特殊生境下的植物生态适应。其中,围绕着陆地生态系统的碳平衡是最为热门的话题之一。虽然以CO2浓度升高主题展开对C3和C4植物的影响研究依然是众多刊物发表生理生态学原始论文的重要内容,一些特殊功能型如C AM植物的响应引起了人们的兴趣;植物对于紫外辐射的生理生态响应有望成为新的研究热点。研究手段的完善以及实验材料的改进是最近植物生理生态学不断出新成果的重要原因之一,如稳定同位素技术的应用、野外F ACE实验、叶绿素荧光技术等使一些机理性问题不断被揭示出来。

关键词　植物生理生态学　全球变化　CO2　紫外辐射　强光辐射　高温与低温

REVIEW ON SOME HOT TOPICS TOWARDS THE RESEARCHES

I N THE FIELD OF PLANT PHYSIOEC OLOGY

JIAN G Gao-M ing

(Lab oratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology,Institu te of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing　100093)

Abstract　Some hot topics i n plant physioecology research have recently made regular appearances in a number of important int ernational journals(Science,N ature,etc.).These describe the responses of plant physioecology and g row th to facto rs such as:increasi ng CO2concentration,ul traviolet radiation enhancement,changes in tem-perature,sunlight i rradiation and the enlargement of sal ty habi tats.All of these factors are closely associated wi th the processes of global climat e change.Some of the research,however,aims to investigate the response of plant s to existing environmental st resses in specialised environmental habitat s.Among the intensive studies,the carbon budget of t errest rial ecosystems is one of the ho ttest topics,research conducted recent ly,including:the e-mission of greenhouse gasses,si nk and source dynamics of carbon at regional and global scales and the function of the terrest rial and oceanic ecosystems.Al though the responses of C3and C4species t o elevated CO2are sti ll the main topics i n most journals,there has been much progress i n study of CAM functional types.Prog ress in the ap-plication of new t echnologies such as st able isotope methods,f ree air CO2enrichment(FACE)facili ti es,and chlorophyll fluorescence t echnology hav e helped g rea tly i n understandi ng these general problems.

Key words　Plant physioecology,Global climate chang e,CO2,Ul traviolet radiation,High light radiation,High or low temperat ure st ress

近年来,由于人类经济活动对生物圈干扰的不断升级,造成的生态环境问题越来越突出,如全球气候变化、生物多样性丧失、环境污染的扩大等。对这些环境问题的解决引起了各国政府与科学家的广泛关注。植物生理生态学(Plant Phy sioeco logy)是研究生态因子与植物生理现象之间的关系的科学,它从生理机制上探讨植物与环境的关系、物质代谢和能量流动规律以及植物在不同环境条件下的适应性(La rcher,1995)。由于它能够给许多生态环境问题以生理机制上的解释,因而得到日益广泛的重视。

收稿日期:2001-06-01　接受日期:2001-07-30

基金项目:中国科学院重大创新项目(KS CX1-08-02)和国家重大基础研究与发展计划项目(G1998010100) E-mail:jgm@h