形容词和副词2018 完整版

形容词和副词

一、形容词

高考分析：考查的重点是形容词的比较级和最高级，以及形容词的句法作用（修饰名词时误用副词，作表语时该用形容词时误用名词等）。

（一）、形容词的句法作用:形容词在句中重要作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

1.作定语

①Their heart-broken mother receives news about all her dead sons on the same day.

改错：Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very

seriously problem. （2012全国卷改）2．作表语

①I was glad to hear you’re alive and well.

改错：whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. _______

3. 作宾语补足语

①I thought I had made it very clear.

②-------what a nice fire you have in your fireplace!

--------During the winter I like my house_______

A . warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable

C. warm and comfortably

D. warmly and comfortable （2005上海）

4. 作状语:形容词作状语常用来表示主语的状态、性质、特征等；可位于句首或句

末。

①The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.

②After the long journey, the three of them went back home,________.

A . hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired

C .hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired (2008北京) （二）、形容词作定语的位置

1.多个形容词作前置定语时的排序：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老, 颜色国

籍出材料，作用类别往后靠

（综括性限定词（all both/all no/分数/倍数/百分数）+ 限定性形容词（指示代

词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/冠词）+数词（序数词+基数词）

①Both his parents他的父母亲

②他在科学方面的全部贡献.

③Eighty percent(of)the population 80%的人口

④2/3的地球表面

⑤some other countries一些其他国家Three other doctors其他的三个医生

⑥另外两个新成员.

⑦one such fountain一个这样的喷泉

⑧第三张褐色圆木桌

注意：若两个或两个以上的颜色形容词修饰同一个名词，须用and连接。

例如: a black and white dress 一条黑白相间的裙子a red, green and yellow flag 一面红，绿，黄三色相间的旗子。

2.后置定语

(1)当形容词修饰something, anything, everything, something, somebody, nobody等不

定代词时，形容词须后置。

①There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.

②About three years ago, something terrible happened to me.

(2) 以字母a开头的常作表语形容词（afraid, alone, awake, asleep, aware, alive, alike,

ashamed, afloat,available等作定语时，一般后置。这些形容词还可作表语和补语。

①He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot.

②a girl afraid of dogs = a girl who is afraid of dogs

I found her afraid of dogs

(3)形容词短语作定语时通常后置。

Heat is a form of energy different from light.

Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice.

有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你说话声音的两倍。

3.有些形容词既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语，但意义不同。

eg: the present situation a responsible person

the people present at the meeting a person responsible for the work

the concerned parents

the problems concerned

二．副词

高考分析：以往副词的考点是比较级和最高级，但近三年来考查的重点开始转向副词的句法作用，即副词不仅可以修饰动词、形容词等，还可以修饰整个句子。

（一）副词的句法作用：在句中主要作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。

1.作状语

（1）副词作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词

①They are so lazy. ②They could go anywhere they wished. ③He runs very fast.

(2)副词用来修饰整个句子的三种情况

①表逻辑连接关系（therefore, however, otherwise, furthermore…）

Eg: Therefore, we have to come here again tomorrow.

②表评述或说话人的态度（luckily, fortunately, strangely, importantly…）

Eg:Importantly, we tried out best.

③表方式（surprisingly, sadly, happily, astonishingly…）