十八、定语从句(二)
专题十八 书面表达-【中考英语语法复习专项突破】
专题十八书面表达题型特点书面表达是中考的必考题型,旨在考查考生的语言运用能力和书面表达能力,它要求考生根据所给的情景或提示,在有限的时间内写一篇80~100词左右的作文,个别省份的词数达到110词,分值为10~25分.体裁以记叙文为主,也有说明文、应用文等.解题方法和技巧一、写作步骤及注意事项1.认真审题,明确要求(1)通过细读题干的文字叙述部分来确定作文的体裁和中心思想.(2)通过读中/英文提示部分,或图表内容提示,来确定作文的要点和重点内容.(3)根据文章要表达的内容,来确定人称和时态的选用.2.提炼要点,列出提纲根据题目提示或说明,按事件发生的时间顺序、空间顺序或事理重要性顺序,选取那些典型的、易于表达的材料作为自己写作的重点,列出提纲.3.依据提纲,串联成文写作的最终目的是切中要点,行文流畅,语言简洁.为确保写作质量,必须注意以下几点:(1)尽量用自己最有把握的句型和短语,个别要点表达不出来或难以表达时,可采用变通的办法,化难为易.(2)长短句结合原则.不要从头到尾都是简单句,可以适当使用定语从句、状语从句等但句子也并非是越长越好,一个短小精辟的句子也可以起到画龙点睛的作用.(3)短语优先原则.在写作中要恰当地使用介词短语、动词短语等,使文章表达更自然、流畅.(4)巧妙过渡,结构合理.根据意思的需要,句子之间要加上必要的连词或过渡句,或表示顺序的过渡词等,可以使短文衔接自然、语言连贯、结构紧凑.(5)写出漂亮的结尾.常见的形式有:画龙点睛式、首尾呼应式、重复主题式.(6)书写工整,卷面整洁.工整的书写、整洁的卷面会为你的文章增添不少色彩.4.通读文章,检查改错写好作文以后,要通读全文,检查语言表达是否流畅、要点是否齐全、内容是否完整、文章结构是否合理、词数是否合适、有无语法错误.二、写作技巧1.把握全篇布局中考情景式作文,无论哪种文体,一般都是用三段法来表示.无论是记叙文、还是议论文或者夹叙夹议文,都可以通用.简单解释如下:第一段开篇背景介绍(时间、地点、人物、事件)或发表观点第二段故事发展,论据、论点支撑第三段结局总结观点,提出建议和希望2.巧用并列连词并列连词用于把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来,且各个分句之间存在着一定的逻辑关系.常见连词有and, but, so, both..and.., not only..but also.., cither..or., neither..nor..等3.巧用三大从句(1)状语从句.在复合句中,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句.常见的从句有:时间状语从(while, when, since, before, after, until/hill, as soon as.)、让步状语从句(though/ although, even though/if, whatever, whenever)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as)、原因状语从句(because, since)、目的状语从句(so that, in order that)、结果状语从句(so..that., such...that...).(2)宾语从句.宾语从句是主从复合句的一种,其从句部分在整个句子中作宾语,从句的语序必须是陈述句,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”.常见的连接词有:that, if/whether, what, when, where, how, who等.(3)定语从句.在定语从句中,从句在整个句子中作定语,修饰先行词.初中阶段需掌握简单的由which, that, who引导的定语从句.先行词为人用who/that 引导;先行词为物用which/that I导.4.巧用短语和特殊句式利用不定式短语、介词短语或形容词短语等来增加句子的句式,从而使句子表达更加多样化.利用感叹句、比较级、t作形式主语或形式宾语等特殊句式,可以丰富文章的句式结构,从而避免造成读者的阅读疲劳.中考作文常见体裁一、记叙文记叙文包括时间、地点、人物、事件、发展、结果六要素。
定语从句翻译技巧
定语从句翻译技巧 Document number：WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT定语从句翻译技巧在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。
通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。
在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时，中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。
因此我们要对比英汉两种语言，以便避免汉语的负迁移。
一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析，就会造成误译。
比如，下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差，含义却不同：His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now.His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now.第一句应译为：他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。
（含义为：他不止一个哥哥。
句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。
）第二句应译为：他的哥哥今年十八岁了，他在当兵。
（含义为：他只有一个哥哥。
句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。
）定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。
在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。
所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。
二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。
1 定语从句定语化限制性定语从句往往要译成前置定语结构, 翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 这是因为它与所修饰的词关系甚密, 若分开译会影响主句意思的完整。
小升初必考英语知识点总结
小升初必考英语知识点总结一、基本句型1. 主语+谓语She is singing.2. 主语+谓语+宾语They are playing basketball.3. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语He gave me a present.4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补She made me happy.5. 祈使句Open the door.6. There be 句型There is a book on the desk.7. 主系表结构She looks happy.8. 被动语态The book was read by me.9. 疑问句Do you like English?10. 倒装句Not only does he play basketball, but also he plays football.二、名词1. 可数名词和不可数名词a cup of tea, two bags of rice2. 名词的所有格my father's car3. 名词的单复数a book, two books4. 特殊名词的复数形式child-children, woman-women5. 特殊名词的不可数名词形式news, information6. 特殊名词的复合名词形式forget-me-not, passer-by三、冠词1. 定冠词和不定冠词a book, the book2. 不加冠词的情况He is a student.3. 特殊用法once upon a time四、代词1. 人称代词I, you, he, she, it, we, they2. 物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, their3. 反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves 4. 特殊用法one another, each other五、动词1. 一般现在时He plays basketball every day.2. 一般过去时I played computer games yesterday.3. 一般将来时I will go to the park tomorrow.4. 现在进行时She is reading a book now.5. 过去进行时He was playing basketball at this time yesterday.6. 情态动词can, may, must, should, need7. 动词的不定式to do, to be8. 动词的-ing形式reading, playing9. 动词的完成时I have read that book.10. 动词的被动语态The book was read by me.11. 及物动词和不及物动词I like singing.六、形容词和副词1. 形容词的比较级和最高级big-bigger-biggest2. 副词的用法She sings well.3. 物主形容词my, your, his, her, its, our, their4. 特殊形容词和副词good-better-best, well-better-best七、介词1. in, on, at的用法in the classroom, on the desk, at home2. 特殊介词的用法under, over, between, among3. 介词短语in front of, next to, to the left of4. 介词词组on time, in time八、连词1. and, but, or的用法She likes playing basketball and football.2. because, so的用法He is tired because he works hard.3. 特殊连词的用法either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...九、数词1. 基数词和序数词one, first2. 特殊数词的用法the first of October, one and a half 3. 特殊用法three times a week, two hours' time十、时间1. 日常时间的表达at seven o'clock, in the morning2. 一般现在时表示的未来情况I leave for Beijing tomorrow.3. 特殊时间状语的用法last Sunday, next Tuesday十一、情态动词1. can, may, must, shouldI can swim.2. 特殊情态动词的用法would like, need3. 特殊用法had better, have to十二、虚拟语气1. if引导的虚拟条件句If I were you, I would go now.2. wish引导的虚拟句I wish I were a bird.3. 特殊用法It's high time, If only十三、疑问句和感叹句1. 一般疑问句Do you like English?2. 特殊疑问句What's your name?3.感叹句What a nice day it is!四、定语和被定语1. 定语的位置和形式the red book, the book on the desk2. 被定语的位置和形式a city of the world, a boy with big eyes3. 特殊用法a cup of tea, the mother of all rivers 十五、主谓一致1. 就近原则Neither she nor I am good at singing.2. 特殊用法There be 句型十六、宾语从句1. 特殊宾语从句的引导词I know who the man is.2. 特殊宾语从句的时态I think he will come soon.十七、主语从句1. 特殊主语从句的引导词What you have said is true.2. 特殊主语从句的时态It's clear that they have won the game. 十八、定语从句1. 特殊定语从句的引导词The boy who is swimming is my friend.2. 特殊定语从句的时态I have lost the pen that you gave me.十九、状语从句1. 时间状语从句When the bell rang, we stopped working.2. 地点状语从句Where there is a will, there is a way.3. 原因状语从句Because he was ill, he didn't go to work.4. 条件状语从句If I were you, I would go now.5. 结果状语从句It's so late that we can't go out.六、语音1. 单词中元音的发音cake, team2. 单词中辅音的发音break, cream3. 单词重读音节的规律beautiful, comfortable4. 特殊音标的发音ai, ee, th七、词汇1. 同义词happy-glad, big-large2. 反义词happy-sad, big-small3. 同音词see-sea, for-four4. 词根act, behave5. 词缀happy-unhappy, Sunday-weekend 8、语法1. 句子成分的转换He doesn't like playing basketball. Playing basketball is not liked by him.2. 句子类型的转换She can swim. - Can she swim?十九、阅读1. 阅读理解阅读短文，回答问题。
高考英语复习专题11——定语从句十大考点-学生
2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题11定语从句八大用法归纳（讲案）（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、定语从句快问快答P2二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表P2 考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳P3 考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, w hom典型用法归纳P4 考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳P5 考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳P6 考点清单五、关系副词wh y 典型用法归纳P6 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语P6 考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳P7 考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法归纳P8 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳P8 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查P9 分层训练（一）五年定语从句高考真题题组P9 分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组P11 分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格P12 分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格P13 分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空P13 神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站P13一、定语从句快问快答Q1：什么叫定语从句？A1：顾名思义，定语从句就是一个从句在句中修饰一个名词或从句，起修饰、解释或限制作用。
Q2：什么是定语从句两要素？A2：一是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词，二是引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词或关系副词。
Q3：定语从句分哪两大类型？A3：根据功能，分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，后者前边往往有逗号隔开。
Q4：什么叫分割型定语从句？A4：一般来说，先行词后紧跟定语从句，有时二者被谓语或介词短语分隔开，构成分割型定语从句。
如：I was the only person (in my office) who was invited to the opening ceremony.Q5：定语从句关系代词有哪些？A5：定语从句关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。
语法专题—定语从句
定语从句（十九）
1.与定语从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关。 He told me the thing of which he was not too sure . (be sure of 对……有把握） 2.与先行词的搭配有关。 I do not like the way in which she speaks. ( in the way 是固定搭配） 3.与所要表达的逻辑意义有关。 Germany is the country against which we fight. (fight against 是指交战的双方） Germany is the country with which we fight.(fight with 可以指交战的伙伴）
定语从句（十八）
五. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从 句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 ，从句经 常由“介词＋关系代词”引导。 The school (which/ that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的 选择。
定语从句（十三）
eg. The predicate is that which is said of the subject. 4.当关系代词之后有插入语时； eg Here is the ALD which, as I have told you,is a great help to you. 宜用who ,而不用that 的情形； 1.先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone, people等时； eg. Those who are from Qingdao come this way. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2015年高中英语词法专题讲座十八定语从句素材
英语词法专题讲座十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that 、 which 、 who、 whom、 whose、 where、 when等。
4. 由 that 、 which 、who、 whom、 whose 引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用 which.但下列情况下，只能用that 不用which 。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、 everything 、 something 、 anything、 nothing、none、 the one 等时，只能用 that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2).当先行词被 the only、 the very 、 the last、 all、 no、little等词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the very book ______I ’ m looking for.3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
定语从句翻译
定语从句的翻译英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。
他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。
而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。
英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。
所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。
如果英语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方法处理。
常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。
一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。
英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。
这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。
翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。
（一）重复先行词。
由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
定语从句翻译
芇课题：定语从句芄科目：英语聿教学对象：大二年级蚇课时：1课时莇授课者：莁欧阳少美螁学校：陕西省西安市长安大学蒆一、教学内容分析蒆定语从句是非常重要的一个语法项目。
?在英语中,?定语从句很常见,?翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。
通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨,?并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念,?即定语从句定语化,?定语从句谓语化,?定语从句状语化。
在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时，中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。
因此我们要对比英汉两种语言，以便避免汉语的负迁移。
二、三、螂教学目标：艿知识与技能:通过本课学习，使学生了解限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区分以及限制性定语从句的翻译方法。
葿过程与方法：以“限制性定语从句的翻译方法”为主，展开本课教学活动，教师导学，学生质疑，形成愉悦的情感体验，让学生在阅读、判断、讨论、交流、探索中享受学习。
薆情感态度与价值观：通过本课学习，使学生认识到定语从句在英语语法中的重要性，并且能够将其灵活运用到作文写作中。
膃三、学习者特征分析羁虽然我们都是大二的学生，但是由于高中准备艺考花费很少精力在学习文化课上，从而导致英语基础非常薄弱，并且如何学习英语也是我们亟待解决和掌握的内容，所以要从基础知识和基本能力两方面进行培养，使学生对英语产生浓厚的兴趣，同时使学生初步掌握一些英语必备语法技巧。
芈四、教学策略选择与设计蚆本课主要通过与学生的交流为主，对话式教学。
在授予知识的同时掌握学生对本章知识内容的熟悉程度。
五、六、薄教学重点及难点荿重点：限制性和非限制性定语从句的6种区别。
限制性定语从句的翻译方法。
羇难点：灵活翻译限制性和非限制性定语从句。
螆六、教学过程羅教师活动膀学生活动肀设计意图袆导入（耗时10分钟左右）（1）（2）膁做练习（前几节课做过的练习）2.3.袂解疑螈学生间互相讨论，回答问题，补充笔记。
袆了解学生对之前的定语从句内容的熟悉程度。
巩固复习。
高中英语定语从句教案
高中英语定语从句教案高中英语定语从句教案篇一：高中英语试讲教案——定语从句定语从句Attributive Clause之关系副词篇教学目标：掌握由关系副词引导的定语从句教学重点：定语从句中的关系副词why, when, where教学难点：关系词的选择教学过程STEP ONELead inDream→Westlife →My Love →“Find a place I love the most” STEP TWONew Lesson一、定语从句相关基础知识1. 定语从句2. 定语从句结构：主句(先行词)+关系词+从句3. 先行词4. 关系词/引导词：连接/引导；做成分5. 关系词分类：关系代词(that，which，who, whom, whose) →←从句中做主，宾，表，宾补；关系副词（why, when, where）→←从句中做状语二、定语从句之关系副词1. 关系副词why1) 在从句中做原因状语，修饰从句谓语动词；先行词必须是表示原因的名词，常用的就两个reason, causee.g.（1）This is the reason why I didn’t come here.2）why作关系词引导定语从句，先行词一定是reason/cause;但reason/cause是先行词时，关系词不一定就是why，可能是that/whiche.g. ①The reason ________ he gave me was unknown.②The reason ________ he didn’t attend the meeting was unknown.3）如何选择关系词解题路径：区分关系代词和关系副词，分析从句中的成分，判断关系词在从句中充当的成分，从而判断是关系代词还是关系副词a. 通过翻译找准先行词b. 判断从句中的谓语动词是否及物。
及物动词没有带宾语，说明关系词在从句中做宾语，因此是关系代词（注意spend，visit 是及物动词，give后可接双宾语人是间接宾语，不能独立存在，talk 是不及物动词）4）why引导的定语从句时，先行词可省略因此例句（1）可以改为：This is why I didn’t come here.小结：why引导的定语从句比较简单，记住reason和cause(本文来自： 教师联盟网:高中英语定语从句教案)2. 关系副词when1) 在从句中做时间状语，修饰从句谓语动词；先行词必须是表示时间的名词，常用的例如hour, day, year, time等e.g. (2) I never forget the day when we first met in the park.2) 先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定是whene.g. ①The days ______ we spent in London is unforgettable.②The days ______ we stayed in London is unforgettable.小结：关系词when的用法，先行词是否为时间名词，分析从句句子成分。
史上最标准的英语语法之定语从句之非限制性定语从句
第十八节定语从句之非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
如：1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。
2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。
要用for which代替why。
如：1. I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。
2. I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。
(限制性定语从句“the reason why...”是常见搭配。
)三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。
如：1. As I expected, he didn't believe me.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。
2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。
如：1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry.他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。
2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper.我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。
高中语法学案--定语从句(附答案)
定语从句归纳复习一、关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语。
（一）指代人的关系代词: who, whom, that, whose1.关系代词在从句中作主语，用who, 也可用that, 不能省略。
有些定语从句可转换为-ing或-ed做定语= The _________________ boy is Tom. 那个微笑的男孩是汤姆。
) teaches us a lot.=The teacher _____________________________________________teaches us a lot.注意：先行词为those, people, anyone, one, ones时，多用who) spoke French.5) The number of people (死的和受伤的) reached more than 400,000.6) One (对自己没有恐惧的) dares to tell the truth.主句是以who 或which引起的疑问句时，从句用that)?2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语, 则用whom, who, that,可省略：1) He is the man (我看到的) in the library yesterday.2) The man ) is Bill’s father.)will give us a talk.) is in the lab.stepped on his foot.6) Do you know the man____________________________________________(你今天要拜访的)?3.作定语用whose, whose引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词可为人，也可为物1)).2)The girl3)4)5)当whose引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词为物时，可以用多种句型表示：The room is mine. Its window faces south /The window of the room faces south.6)窗户朝南的房间是我的。
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题18.2 词汇运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)(第02期)(解析版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题18 词汇运用考点2用所给词的适当形式填空一、【2019 •甘肃省兰州市】用括号内所给单词的活当形式填空。
61. Li Lei is interested in English and he ____(watch) BBC News every day.62. It is ____(polite) to keep others waiting in many western countries63. Henry's uncle is planning ____(take) a trip to Dunhuang now.64. Would you mind giving me some ____(advice) on how to plant trees?65. Tom and Jerry have a lot in common. ____(they) favorite basketball player is James Harder.66. Jim has never ____(be) to Mount Tai in China.67. We should take action to protect animals in ____(dangerous).68. This restaurant has the ____(good) service of three.69. Lucy used to be ____(real) shy. So she took acting classes to deal with her shyness.70. A new airport will be ____(build) in Antarctica(南极洲) by Chinese.【答案与解析】61. watches 句意：李雷对英语很感兴趣，他每天都看BBC新闻。
定语从句 课后练习二及详解
题一1. The girl is called Guo Yue，a famous Chinese table tennis player .2. She won the match not so long ago.The girl _______________________ is called Guo Yue, a famous Chinese table tennis player .题二He is one of the people ____ fond of swimming in our company.A. that isB. that areC. who areD. B & C题三He is the only student _____ plays table tennis better than Jim.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. which题四1. The man works in a big factory.2. You were talking to him just now.The man ( )______________works in a big factory.题五The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of are beyond our control.A. themB. whichC. whatD. thatThe settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, and many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whomB. whichC. themD. who题六The man____ my brother shows great respect is an excellent university teacher.A. for whomB. at whomC. whoD. that题七1. This is the dictionary.2. You bought it two weeks ago.This is the dictionary ( )_____________________.题八Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.A. after thatB. after whichC. after itD. after this题九After 10 years of hard time, the young lady has turned movie star, ____ she dreamed of becoming in her childhood.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what题十He happily talked about the men and books ____ interested him greatly in the school.Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday, ____ he promised to every one of us.题十一That tree, the branches ______ are almost bare(光秃的)S, is very old.A. whoseB. of whichC. whichD. on which题十二After the adjustment of national holidays, many people put up Internet mails, 90 percent ____ voiced support.A. of whichB. of themC. in whichD. of that题十三Zhou Kai was admitted to Beijing University last year, ____ his parents and teachers had been eager many years.A. at itB. about thisC. in whichD. for which题十四____was reported in yesterday’s newspaper, an earthquake happened in this area.A. ItB. AsC. WhichD. What题十五Mummy always treats me just like a baby, ____I can’t bear.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what____ everyone can see, Jack is an honest child.A. AsB. WhatC. WhichD. That题十六Has he brought the same book ____I gave him yesterday?Has he bought the same book ____ I referred to yesterday?A. thatB. asC. whichD. A & B题十七He is such a good teacher ________ every student likes very much.He is such a good teacher ________ every student likes him very much.A. asB. thatC. whomD. who题十八将下列句子改成定语从句的形式。
定语从句典型翻译例句
定语从句典型翻译例句定语从句典型翻译例句一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析，就会造成误译。
比如，下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差，含义却不同：His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now.His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now.第一句应译为：他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。
(含义为：他不止一个哥哥。
句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。
)第二句应译为：他的哥哥今年十八岁了，他在当兵。
(含义为：他只有一个哥哥。
句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。
)定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。
在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。
所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。
二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。
1 定语从句定语化限制性定语从句往往要译成前置定语结构, 翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 这是因为它与所修饰的词关系甚密, 若分开译会影响主句意思的完整。
也有一些非限制性定语从句, 或因结构短小, 或因与被修饰词关系较密切, 或因拆译后会造成译文结构松散, 在这种情况下, 可以译成前置定语结构。
限制性定语从句定语化式汉译处理例：The root is that part of the vegetable which least impresses the eyes.根是植物中最不引人注目的部分。
非限制性定语从句定语化式翻译远不如限制性定语从句普遍。
定语从句
1.Hello 的用法：Hello 的意思为“您好” ，一般可作为熟人，亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便，例如：Hello,Li Hua!你好，李华。
Hello,Tom!你好，汤姆！Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意，常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”，有时也可用Hi 来代替hello ，但前者显得更随便。
2.What's your name?的用法：当两人初次见面互相询问姓名时，可用What's your name?来提问，回答时，可用My name is ….来回答,接着反问对方时，可用And what's your name?来提问。
例如：Hi!What's your name?Hi!My name is Lucy.And what's your name?My name is Wang Ying.你好，你叫什么名字？你好，我叫露西。
你叫什么名字？我叫王英。
句中的What's是What is的缩写形式。
3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法:Good morning,class.同学们好。
Good morning，teacher.老师好。
这是上午上课时，老师和全班同学互相问候时用语。
Good morning 是上午问候时的用语，多用于熟人，朋友或家人之间，是比较正式的问候用语。
句中问候语放在前面，称呼语则要放在后面，并用逗号隔开。
例如：Good morning.Mr.White.怀特先生，你好。
4.英语字母：英语中有26个字母，每一字母有大写形式和小写形式两种。
大小写形式如下：A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I IJ j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R rS s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z1.Are you…？的用法。
2022版新教材英语必修第二册(北师大版)作业-Unit-6-Part-Ⅵ-单元语法-含解析
课时作业(十八)Unit 6Part Ⅵ单元语法(1)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句(2)同义词和反义词Ⅰ.单句语法填空A．基础题1．We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, to ________ we gave some bells and glasses.2．The old man has two sons, both of ________ are lawyers.3．I don't think the number of people to ________ this happens is very large.4．I wanted to find someone ________ whom I could discuss books and music.5．She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of ________ had taken more than three years.6．Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field ________ whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.7．They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory ________ which they worked had poor air quality.8．I still remember the day ________ which I went to Beijing.9．The factory ________ which I work is a large one.10．This is the reason ________ which he was late for school.11．In our class all the fifty students, only one ________ didn't pass the exam, had taken part in the final exam.12．The way ________ one student studies might be quite different from that of another student.13．Can you see the desk ________ there is a book and two pens?14．The man ________ I share the room is a young teacher from college.15．He works in a factory, at the back ________ there is a river.16．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.17．Do you like the book ________ she learned a lot?18．He bought a nice computer, ________ the price is not so high as expected.19．On the second floor there are two rooms, the larger ________ is used as a meeting room.20．Soon children in the camp had many new friends, ________ they shared food, stories and projects.B．高考改编题1．They also had a small pond ________ which they raised fish.2．Self-driving is an area ________ which China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.3．Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, ________ which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.4．Imagine a future ________ which most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.5．Kate, ________ whose sister I shared a room when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.Ⅱ.完成句子1．They arrived at a house ________________ a little boy.他们来到一座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。
2019牛津英语高频句型专题复习
2019牛津英语高频考点专题复习一．感叹句1.What exciting/ terrible news ! / What wonderful music! /Whatterrible weather it is!2.How useful the dictionary is!(同义句) What a useful dictionary itis !3. What a kind girl Nancy is! What a sunny day today! What a heavyrain!4. What terrible weather it is ! What good weather it is! Let’s go outfor a picnic.6. (翻译)多么有趣的一部电影啊! How interesting the film is! /What aninteresting film it is !7.我们的城市多美啊! How beautiful our city is!8. How lucky he was ! Look, how dirty the water is!9. How dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!10. How quickly (quick) Betty answered the teacher' s question!二．花费时间/金钱做某事It takes /took/ will take sb. some time to do sth1. It took the firemen twohourstoput out the fire.2.It takes them too much time to chat online.3.Itwill take us several years to learn a foreign language well.Sb spend (s) /spent some time/money doing sth.1. Leo spent one hour playing badminton yesterday. (同义句)It took Leo one hour to play badminton yesterday.2. (翻译)昨天你花了多少钱买这台打印机?How much did you spend buying this pr inter yesterday?三.It is+名词短语+to do sth&It+be+形容词+for/of sb to do sth.1.It’s not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break.2.It is my job to introduce the film stars from Taiwan on the show.3. It is important for us students to make a plan for our studies before a new term starts.4. It's important for you not to give up easily if you want to achieve success.5. It is important for us to learn team spirit.6. It’s generous of the little girl to share her toys with the otherkids?7. It’s kind of you to help me learn Maths.8. 8.It's selfish of Eddie to eat the whole birthday cake.四．be + adj.+ enough to do sth & enough1. John is lucky (幸运的)enough to be chosen for the school football team.2. I find this computer game easy enough to play.3. I can’t hear you. Would you please speak clearly enough?4. The boy isn’t old enough to deal with such a difficult problem by himself五．Have no choice but to do1. The tourists had no choice (选择) but to wait for the next train.1. I’ m afraid (that) we have no choice but to take a taix.2. Sandy has no choice but to put all of her effort into the work.3. He. has no choice but to ask for help.六●too.... to"& so..." that...1.Mary was too nervous to describe the accident clearly.1.I like the pop star so much that I never miss his concert.2. Hurry up,Jack.We have to get to the station before 11:45 so that we can catch the 12:00 train.3.，The music in the surpermarket sounded so noisy that I wanted to leave at once.3. We arrived so late that there were no seats left.4. She is too weak to take part in the activity. (改为同义句)-----She is_______________she can't take part/join in the activity.七．以how开头的句型1.___________do you go to the Reading Club?一Once a week.2.__________will your father come back?-In a week.3.___________English films have you seen so far?八反意疑问句1. ----Tina had nothing for breakfast,_____________? ----Yes, she had some bread and milk.2.Your father seldom goes out for dinner,______________?3.He's seldom/never late for school,_______________?4.There are more and more birds flying to Yanchen for winter every year, ______?5.He is often late for school, ________________ ?No, he isn't. He always goes to school earlier than others.5. Tom goes to work from Monday to Friday, ________________?九．动词不定式1.To know more about tomorow's weather, call 121.2.If people keep cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere to live3.Xiao Li has too much homework and she really doesn't know what to do first.4.He is the first man to walk on the moon.5. Cindy told me it was her second time to visit Jiang Xinzhou.6. Would you please tell me how to deal with all the problems ?7. It’ s cold. Let’s make a fire to keep the room warm十．动名词(Play) ____________computer games too much is bad for your eyes.十一．被动语态1.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular . It_________(teach)in many schools around the world.2.In computer lessons, students _________ (show) how to write computer programs.3.----I often hear her sing after class.----She_______________(sing)after class.4.Tom __________(choose)to be our monitor last term5. This new airport_______________________(build) last year.6. Mary was heard to laugh just now? What happened? John was telling a joke.7.In 1946,UNICEF__________(set)up to help children whose lives were changed because of the Second World War.8.一Do you know the result of the competition?- No, it hasn’t been announced.9. Something____________(must) do) to stop it from spreading.10. ___________these magazines___________(can take) out of the library?11. A lot of work which is dangerous to us can be done by robots in the future12. More trees____________(must plant) because protecting the environment is as important as developing the economy.13. More actions _______________ (should take)by us to prevent the AHIN1 flu.1. ----Do you mind taking the guitar to the office for me? -----Not at all./Of course not .Put it in my car, please.2. -----Don’t forget -----! ---0K,I won't3. ----Remember to close the door when you leave. -----OK,I will.4. ----We are I going to have a barbecue in Nanshan Park t tomorrow. ---Have a good time / fun!5. ----I’m sorry I broke your mirror. -----Oh, really?It doesn’t matter .6. ----Can you finish your work before dark? ----No problem.7. ----Thanks a lot for helping me. ----You are welcome.十二．电话英语1.Hello! May/Can I speak to ....please?2.Is I that......(speaking?3.Hold on, please.十三．邀请及应答1. ----Would you like to go with us? -----I' d like /love to,but I have a lot of homework to do.2.---- Shall we play football this afternoon? -----That’ s a good idea./ It couldn’t be better.十四．用餐:1.- Would you like a drink/ some .一Yes,please. / No, thank you.2. Help yourself /yourselves to some."3. Thank you for your coffee and tasty snacks.十五．问路:1.. Where is the (nearest)?2. How can I get there?3. Which is the way to the .?4. Can you tell me the way to.?十六．询问对事物的看法:1.What do you think of my new bike ?2.2.How do you like your new school?十七．建议、劝告:1.Why not/Why don' t you do sth?2.How /What about doing sth?3.Shall we do sth?4. Let’s do sth?5. You' d better (not) do. (It s raining hard outside. You' d better not go out. ) 十八．问价格:1.What's the price of this red scarf?2. How much is this red scarf?3. How much does this red scarf cost?十九．问日期:一What's the date today?- It's June 17*.二十.疑问:一Julia, will you please go and empty that drawer? 一What for?二十一.听到不好的消息:一I have got a bad cold. I feel terrible.----I’m sorry to hear that.二十二.问好:Please say hello to your parents. & Please give my best wishes/regards to your pa ents. 二十三.请求帮助:Could you help me, please?二十四.祝贺:----Mum I have passed the final exam.---- Congratulations二十五.告别: See you. & Good bye!二十六.购物: What can I do for you? Can I help you?二十七.时态运用一、现在进行时1. Look! Some birds ____________ (fly) in the sky.2. Listen! Someone __________ (ring) the doorbell.3.一Where' s your mother, Helen? 一She ___________ (water) the flowers in the garden.4. Please be quiet! We__________(listen) to the songs sung by the“Super Girl" Li Yuchun.二、过去进行时1. ----What do you think of the colour of my new dress?-----Sorry, but what did you say? I ____________ (think about) something else.2. ---Did you see a girl in white pass by just now? -No, sir. I________(read) a newspaper.3. I couldn't see the road clearly because it___________(rain)heavily4. They_____________(plan)a trip to Disneyland at this time yesterday.三、一般将来时1. ----- Ann is in hospital. ----Yes, I know. I am going to visit her tomorrow.2. There will be a charity show this weekend.3. - Is Tom going to join in the next basketball match?- Yes, he is.四、一般过去时1. I’m sorry you lave missed the bus. It left five minutes ago.五、现在完成时1. I have never read such a good book before.2. Things have changed (change) a lot over the years!3.一So far, how long have you been in China?一For one year. / Since I was five.4. He has been in the hospital since last Monday.5. Could you tell me how long you have kept the book6. When did your uncle leave his hometown? 一He has been away for nearly twenty years.7. -Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000? -Yes, he has been married for about eight years.8. She has had this dress for two weeks. (这条连衣裙她已经买了两周了。
定语从句讲解
Attributive Clause（定语从句）注意：1.定语从句前必须有个名词, 定语从句用来修饰前边的名词, 这个名词叫先行词.2.定语从句必须由一个关联引导,并在定语从句中充当一个成分.who that whomthat whick(关系代词) whose asrelative adverb when where why(关系副词)I. who / that (指前边的人, 在定语从句中做主语，不能省略)1.This is the girl.This is the girl ( who / that helped me yesterday.)2.The girl is my neighbor. The girl helped me yesterday.The girl ( who / that helped me yesterday) is my neighbor./1. 站在门边的那个男孩子是我的哥哥。
2. 这就是昨天和我说话的那个学生。
3. 正在唱歌的那个女孩学习得了第一名。
4. 穿红衣服的那个女孩来自美国。
5. 你喜欢教我们外语的那个老师吗？II. who /whom /that (指前边的人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略)1.I will never forget the boy. I met the boy last year.I will never forget the boy (w ho/whom/that I met last year.)2.The man is an advanced worker. You shook hands with himjust now.The man who /whom / that you shook hands with just now is an advanced worker.The man (with whom you shook hands) is an advanced worker.1. 我喜欢的那个老师是教我们英语的。
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十八、定语从句（二）2）定语从句的种类在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。
这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。
如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。
例如：Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .为Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.他非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。
有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。
即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。
由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。
另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。
）更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。
如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。
但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。
如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。
那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。
这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。
）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
状语从句用来充当句中状语的主谓结构称为状语从句；它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词，从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况。
在英文里，状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前再用逗点与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后。
由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。
各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。
讨论状语从句就只得分类进行：1) 时间状语从句常用的关连词有：when（当……时候）, whenever（在任何时候）, while（当……时候）, as（正当……时）, every / each time（每次）, before（在……以前）, after（在……以后）, since（自……以来）, till / until（直到……）, as soon as（一……就）, the moment（一……就）, the minute（一……就）, hardly … when（刚……就……）, no sooner … than（刚……就……），等。
例如：I'll tell you about it when we meet .我们见面时，我会告诉你有关情况的。
As he was carrying out the experiment , he found something abnormal .正当他在做试验时，他发现情况有些不常。
Please eat it while it is hot .请趁热吃。
It has been more than two years since we parted last time .自我们上次分手至今已有两年多了。
要点提示：1）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
【关于这一点，在后面的条件状语从句中就不再重提了】例如：Tom will tell him the truth when he comes back .他回来时，汤姆会告诉他事实真相的。
He will not play football if it rains tomorrow .明天要是下雨，他就不踢足球了。
Tom would tell him the truth when he came back .他回来时，汤姆会告诉他事实真相的。
He would not play football if it rained the next day . 次日要是下雨，他就不踢足球了。
2）when, whenever, while和as这几个连词在表达意思方面比较接近，但是也有一定的区别：whenever是when的强调形式；while和as的后面都可以用来表示"正值什么时候"或是"一边……一边……"的意思，因此后面都可以接"进行时" ；另外，如果将when改写在主句之前，可表示主句谓语动作发生的突然性。
例如：While she was watching TV , she was cracking seeds .她一边看电视一边磕瓜子。
As he was doing his packing , some of his friends came to say good-bye to him .正当他在收拾行装的时候，他的一些朋友来向他告别。
They were ready to go out when the telephone rang .（这个句子表示主句谓语动作rang 发生的突然性。
按常规应该是：When they were ready to go out , the telephone rang.）3）注意till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示"直到某时"。
不过，当主句是否定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时）（某动作）才（发生）" ，这时候常会出现"not until …"的结构，如果将 "not until …"的结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。
例如：He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night . 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
They didn't realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .但是，当主句是肯定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时某动作停止了）" 。
例如：The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .The young couple were very happy until they used up all their money .可以说：Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .不可以说：Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .2) 地点状语从句常用的关连词有：where（在……地方）, wherever（无论在什么地方），等。
例如：The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most . They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight .Where there is will , there is a way .有志者事竟成。
3) 条件状语从句常用的关连词有：if（如果，假如）, unless（除非，要不……就不）, as long as（只要）, so long as（只要）, provided (that) （只要），suppose / supposing（假设）,on condition (that)（如果）,等。