经贸英语词汇

(average) hourly earning 时均收入(vent) upward pressure （发泄）上行压力Accounting year会计年度fiscal/financial year 财政年度annual movement 年度变动annual rate 年率anti-inflation measures 反通胀措施anti-recession 反衰退bad assets 不良资产bailout 紧急援助balance of international payments 国际收支平衡base period 基期current ~ 当期beggar-thy-neighbor populism 以邻为壑民粹主义benefits 福利fringe benefits 附带福利paid leaves 带薪假retirement plans 退休计划luncheon vouchers 工作餐餐卷subsidized canteens 伙食补贴perks 外快signing bonuses 签约金big-ticket durable goods 大件耐用品bondholder 债券持有者bonus plans 奖励计划boom 高涨bottleneck 瓶颈；影响生产效率的障碍bottom out 摸底；触底broader economy 经济大环境broader market 股市；大盘；大市individual share/stock 个股group shares/stocks 类股budget deficit 预算赤字business conditions 商业状况；商情Business confidence 企业信心business cycle 商业周期Capacity utilization产能利用率capital goods 资本品；资本性支出的采购对象capital-intensive sector 资本密集型企业chancellor （of exchequer）财政大臣chief executive officer 总裁；首席执行官（CEO）coalition government 联合政府collateral 抵押品compensation 薪酬~ package 薪酬报competitive devaluation 竞争性货币贬值composite (index) 综合指数consumer & business confidence消费者&企业信心consumer attitude 消费态度consumer Confidence Index 消费信心指数（CCI）consumer fundamentals 消费基本面policy ~ consumer inflation 消费通胀core ~ 核心~ consumer installment credit 分期付款消费信贷consumer prices index 消费物价指数（CPI）core CPI 核心消费物价指数consumer sentiment index 消费人气指数（CSI）consumer spending / outlays 消费支出consumerism 消费主义cost-effective 高效节能credit crisis 信贷危机credit crunch 信用紧缩Credit tightening 信用紧缩creditors 债权人crowding out effect 挤出效应currency depreciation货币贬值currency policy 货币政策current account 经常项目current price 当前价格constant ~ 不变~；固定~ dealer inventory 流通库存dealership 代理权，经销权deflation 通货紧缩demand-pull inflation 需求拉上型通胀cost-push inflation 成本推上型通胀demonstration effect 示范效应dent/bruise confidence/sentiment 破坏信心/人气dependability rating 可靠性评级depression 萧条development aid 开发援助discount rate 再贴现率base rate 基础利率disposable income 可支配收入domestic jobs in private households 私人家庭的家政工作unpaid family work 不支付报酬的家庭工作double-dip recession 双底衰退downswing / contraction 收缩downturn 经济滑坡/不景气duration of unemployment 失业期；平均失业周easy money 低利贷款；银根松动economic and political elite 经济和政治名流economic austerity 经济紧缩economic conditions 经济状况；经济行情economic crunch 经济崩溃/衰退economic fluctuations 经济波动economic indicators (system) 经济指标（系统）leading ~ 领先指标coincident ~ 同步指标lagging ~ 落后指标leading index 领先指数economic model 经济模型/式economic order 经济秩序economic oscillations 经济摆动economic restructuring 经济结构调整economic transformation 经济转型effective / effectiveness 效能electric & gas utilities 电气公用事业emerging economies 新兴经济体emerging markets 新兴市场employment cost index 雇佣成本指数（ECI）energy sources 能源excess capacity 超额生产能力excess reserve 超额准备金exchange control 外汇管理exchange rate 汇率expansion plan 扩张计划export advantage 出口优势federal funds broker 联邦基金经纪商federal funds rate 联邦基金率federal fund market 联邦基金市场financial innovation 金融创新fiscal policies 财政政策Fixed capital investment 固定资本投资capital spending/expenditure 资本性支出business investment 企业投资equipment outlays 设备支出flex-time 弹性工时food-price index 食品价格指数foreign exchange market 外汇市场free markets 自由市场free trade 自由贸易full employment 充分就业gain 上扬General level of prices 总体物价水平global recession 全球（经济）危机government expenditure/revenue 政府支出/收入government procurement 政府采购government purchases of goods & services ( government spending) 政府购买的商品及劳务（政府支出）government securities 政府证券government transfer payments 政府转移支付Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值（GDP）nominal GDP 名义GDP current-dollar ~ 当前价~ Real GDP 实际GDP constant-dollar ~ 不变价~ Gross National Product 国民生产总值（GNP）gross private domestic investment（business spending/ outlays）私人国内投资总额(企业支出) health insurance 医疗保险health-care expenses 医疗费用hot products 热销产品Hyperinflation 恶性通胀import barrier 进口壁垒import quotas 进口配额import restriction 进口限制in a lump sum 一次付清in slump 下滑；萧条industrial production index 工业生产指数（IPI）Industrial sector 工业部门manufacturing 制造业mining 采矿业utilities 公用事业initial payment 首付in-kind payments 实物支付insider trading 内部交易installment mortgage 分期付款抵押installment 分期付款institutional investor 机构投资者inter-bank market 同业拆借市场inter-bank lending 拆借inventory（美）/stock(英). 库存material ~ 原料存货finished goods ~ 成品存货~ building 建立库存~ buildup/accumulation 存货积累stockpiles 存货inventory-sales ratio 存销比average inventory 平均库存量item 项目labor cost 劳动力成本labor market 劳动力市场~ force 劳动力civilian ~~ 民用劳动力labor pool / the pool of available workers 储备劳动力lackluster 乏力的Legal reserve requirements 存款准备金率要求locomotive 火车头；动力loose-money policy 宽松的货币政策Manufacturers’orders 制造订单factory orders 工厂订单new orders 新收订单booking 预订unfilled orders 未交货订单backlog 积压订单manufacturing capacity 制造能力market economic system 市场经济体制market savvy 市场知识moderate 温和momentum 势头monetary easing 放松银根~ tightening 收缩/紧~ Monetary policy 货币政策easy/loose ~ 扩张性/宽松的~ tight/stringent ~ 紧缩性~money supply 货币供应量mortgage rate 抵押贷款率mortgage rate 抵押贷款率mortgage 抵押；抵押契据National Income 国民收入（NI）national interests 国家利益net cash flow 净现金流量net exports of goods & services 净出口Net national product 国民生产净值（NNP）non-farm sector 非农业部门not-profit organizations 非赢利性组织OPECopen market operations 公开市场业务operating expense 经营费用option 期权Orders on hand 手头订单original investment 原始投资overall / aggregate demand 国家总需求domestic ~ 国内需求overseas ~ 国外需求overheating 经济过热/增长过快overnight 隔夜借贷Overtime 加班package / basket 揽子paid nonfarm civilian jobs 获得报酬的非农业民用工作partnership 伙伴关系，合伙企业payroll 薪资单payrolls 薪资人数peak 顶峰pension scheme 养老金体系performance 表现periodicity 周期性person bankruptcy 个人破产personal consumption expenditures (consumer outlay) 个人消费支出（消费支出）point 点1% basis point基点0.01%political disputes 政治纠纷position 寸头Preliminary information 初步信息revised ~ 经修订~premium 保费policy 保单~holder ~持有人indemnity 补偿benefit 给付beneficiary 受益人price deflation 通货紧缩price stability 价格稳定price war 价格战Pricing power 定价力private sector 私人部门private sector 私营部门production capacity 生产能力production workers 生产性工人nonsupervisory workers 非监督性工人operatives 操作人员productivity 劳动生产率output per hour 时均产出output per hour worked 每工时产出profit margin 利幅；利润空间profit margin 利润率，利润度property bubble 房地产泡沫prosperity 繁荣protective tariff 保护性关税psychology of deflation 通缩心理学public projects 公共工程public sector 公共部门purchasing / buying power 购买力quantitative easing 量化宽松ratchet up 节节上升real estate 房地产(capital) gains（资本）利得investment ~投资利得wealth ~ 财富利得capital appreciation资本增值real estate 房地产；不动产reallocation 再分配recovery 复苏refinancing 续融/换新relaxation of budgetary discipline 放松财政纪律fiscal easing 放松财政tighten the budgetary discipline 加强财政纪律fiscal tightening 财政紧缩Required reserve ratio 准备金率reserve-requirement ratio 存款准备金率Retail Price Index 零售物价指数retailing prices 零售价格Revenue expenditure 收入性支出run rate 生产水平，生产能力safety valve 安全阀sales rate 销售率scrappage rate （尤指旧车）报废率self-employed / independent contractor 自由职业者；独立合同工shipment 交货值foreign ~ 出口~ shrink （经济）缩水Slack 生产能力闲置lie idleslowdown 经济减缓soft-power credentials 软实力资质sovereign-debt crisis 主权债务危机speculative stock 投机性股票spread 价差Stagflation 滞涨stagnation 经济滞涨stamp tax 印花税state-run firm 国有企业stimulus package 一揽子刺激计划stock index 股票指数stock market 股市stock options 股票期权strategic thinking 战略思维supervisory level 监督层first-line managers 一线经理supervisors 监督人员managerial level 经理层top managers / the brass 高级经理executives 执行人员task force 专门工作小组tax cut 减税tax refund 退税taxation 税收the federal reserve system 联邦储备系统the Industrial Revolution 工业革命the Labor Department 劳工部the price index for personal consumption expenditures 个人消费支出价格指数（PCE index）the price index for consumer spending 消费支出价格指数think tank 智囊团tight fiscal policy 紧缩性财政政策total industrial production 工业生产总值total unemployment/jobless 失业总人数trade commissioner 贸易专员trade protection 贸易保护主义trade restriction 贸易限制trade sanction 贸易制裁trade war 贸易战争trading partner 贸易伙伴trough 谷底turf war 争夺势力范围的战争turnaround 好转；转变underwriter/insurer承保人unemployment/jobless rate 失业率unfair trade 不公平贸易unit labor cost 单位劳动成本upswing / expansion 扩张upturn 回升/暖utilization rate 利用率voluntary unemployment 自愿失业frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业structural unemployment 结构性失业cyclical unemployment 周期性失业wage rate 工资率wage-and-benefits package 薪酬福利wealth effect 财富效应weight 权重wholesalers 批发商retailers 零售商Wilshire 5,000 stock index 威尔郡5000种股票指数write-off 销账；冲销；一笔勾销WTC 世界贸易中心。