Northwest University of Politics and Law
西北政法大学法学研究生招生
西北政法大学一、西北政法大学简介西北政法大学(Northwest University of Politics &Law)位于世界历史文化名城西安,是一所中央与地方共建、由陕西省人民政府主管的国立高等政法院校。
学校立足陕西、面向西北、服务全国,在长期的办学实践中,为国家,特别是西北地区的经济社会发展和民主法制建设培养了大批优秀人才,成为一所法学特色鲜明,哲学、经济、管理、文学等多学科相互支撑、协调发展的多科性大学。
在全国法学院校中,西北政法大学与中国政法大学(原北京政法学院)、西南政法、华东政法、中南政法被合称为“五校”,北京大学法学院、中国人民大学法学院、吉林大学法学院和武汉大学法学院则被成为“四院”。
在我国司法系统中,80%以上毕业于这“四院五校”,而在西北地区司法系统中则有80%以上毕业于西北政法大学。
毛泽东同志于1937年10月23日为西北政法大学前身陕北公学题词:“要造就一大批人,这些人是革命的先锋队,这些人具有政治远见。
这些人充满着斗争精神和牺牲精神,这些人是胸怀坦白,忠诚的,积极的,正直的。
这些人不谋私利,唯一的为着民族与社会的解放。
这些人不怕困难,在困难面前总是坚定的、勇敢向前的。
这些人不是狂妄分子,也不是风头主义者,而是脚踏实地富于实际精神的人们。
中国有一大群这样的先锋分子,中国革命的任务就能够顺利地解决。
”西北政法大学是一所直属陕西省领导,以法学为主要特色,兼有哲学、经济学、文学、管理学等多学科的高等学府。
学校坐落于闻名世界的历史文化名城西安南郊,环境优美,人杰地灵,是西北地区法律教育、法学研究、法律信息资料的中心,是我国培养法政专门人才的重要基地之一。
学校有雁塔、长安两个校区,占地1347亩,现有12个学院,3个专业研究所,22个学科研究中心;21个硕士学位授权点,11个省部级重点学科及重点学科研究基地,拥有法学一级学科硕士学位授予权和法律硕士专业学位(JM)授权点。
大数据时代政府治理变革:机遇与挑战
大数据时代政府治理变革:机遇与挑战作者:谢斌李瑜普来源:《陕西行政学院学报》2020年第02期摘要:伴随着信息技术的不断发展,大数据日益成为政府治理领域的焦点议题之一。
作为一种技术和思维方式,大数据不仅给政府治理变革带来了重构组织结构、再造政府流程以及优化决策机制等诸多机遇,而且还对政府治理思维转变、能力提升以及“大数据适应型”政府的建立提出了更高要求。
因而,为了建设大数据适应型政府,提升政府治理能力与水平,政府部门必须进行治道变革,将转变治理理念、加强技术运用、完善制度供给以及创新人才培养机制等新路径作为变革重心。
关键词:大数据; 政府治理; 治道变革中图分类号: D08 文献标识码: A DOI:10.13411/ki.sxsx.2020.02.001Government Governance Change in the Era of Big Data: Opportunities and ChallengesXIE Bin , LI Yu-pu( Northwest University of Politics & Law,school of politics and public administration,Xi’an 710063, China)Abstract: With the continuous development of information technology, big data has increasingly become one of the focus topics in the field of government governance.As a technology and way of thinking, big data not only brings many opportunities for government governance reform to restructure organizational structure, re-engineer government processes, and optimize decision-making mechanisms, but also transforms government governance thinking, capacity improvement,and “big data adaptation”. The establishment of the government put forward higher requirements.Therefore, in order to build a big data-adaptive government and improve the government's governance capacity and level, government departments must carry out governance reforms, and take the new path of transforming governance concepts, strengthening technology utilization, improving institutional supply, and innovative talent training mechanisms as the focus of change.Key words: big data; government governance; governance reform2012年,繼“互联网+”、“物联网”之后,“大数据”已经引起了人们的热切关注。
美国西北大学Northwestern University
美国西北大学Northwestern University美国西北大学学校简介美国西北大学建校于1851年,是公认的全美新闻学院中最好的之一,目前坐落在密歇根湖附近。
西北大学包括文理学院、语言学院、音乐院、梅迪尔新闻学院、迈科密克工程及应用科学学院、教育及社会政策学院。
在这6所学院中以梅迪尔新闻学院最出色,可与哥伦比亚大学的新闻学院相媲美。
此外,音乐学院的铜管乐器和吹奏乐器表演课也是全美数一数二的。
除了工程系享有全国排名之外,新闻及音乐学院所给予的机会及宝贵的经验也是值得一提的。
攻读新闻课程的学生们可在全美45家报馆、10间杂志社及8个电视广播中心进行为期10个星期的实习,吸取真实工作经验。
闻名世界的芝加哥交响乐团及Lyric歌剧团,更常是音乐学院学生们的导师。
美国西北大学学校历史西北大学由1位物理学家、2位商人、3位检察官及3位牧师所创办,建立一所大学是他们当时的目标,以让西北区域的人民受教育。
美国西北大学成立当年,没有教职员及学生,也没有建筑物,仅有约38零吉的经费。
1869年学校才有了第一幢真正意义上的校舍,而到了1920年,学校已经颇有规模了,并将校园扩建到芝加哥城用来安置新开设的法学院、医学院和商学院的研究生。
一百多年后的今天,该校已成为一所顶尖的私立研究大学,校园占地250公顷,学生人数超过1万5千人。
西北大学海外留学生分别来自45个国家和地区,主要是新加坡、日本、加拿大和英国。
美国西北大学本段校区美国西北大学设有三个校区,主校区设于美国伊利诺伊州的埃文斯通,占地240英亩;医学院、法学院、商学院等设立在芝加哥市区,占地25英亩,校区间常有校车连接;另外还有一个校区位于卡塔尔的多哈市。
美国西北大学设备设施这所大学共设有11间图书馆,其中以埃文斯通校区的主图书馆最具规模,总藏书超过460万本,共收藏逾4万本杂志与期刊,学生可以经由电脑化的图书馆设备查知资料的所在处。
全校共设有611台电脑供学生使用,分别设于电脑中心、电脑室、图书馆、学生中心、宿舍及教学大楼。
2007-法官后语的言内与言外行为 - 英文本
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics3(2007):137-144137DOI10.2478/v10016-007-0009-4Weiming Liu and Shuying LiuNorthwest University of Politics and Law,ShaanxiI LLOCUTIONARY AND P ERLOCUTIONARY A CTS INC HINESE J UDGE’S A TTACHED D ISCOURSEAbstractAfter2002,courts in China have increasingly been introducingcertain judicial reforms,one of them being the improvement of triallanguage.In these courts,the judges append their comments to thecase at the end of their verdicts in writing.The Chinese judge’sattached discourses resemble the obiter dicta of judges in Westerncourts,but there are differences.Since the new element wasintroduced in some courts in1998,some doubts have been voiced instrong opposition to the new practice,giving rise to a heatedacademic debate on the issue.This paper investigates and analysesChinese judge’s attached discourse in terms of discourse analysiscategories,such as their usage of illocutionary and perlocutionaryacts.KeywordsIllocutionary act,perlocutionary act,judge,discourse,litigant.1.IntroductionOne of the significant judicial reforms implemented in China during the past few years is a language reform that becomes manifest through an improvement in the diction of judicial documents.Many courts now avoid previously common derogatory terms such as frenzied,unscrupulous,severe penalty,crack down on, etc.,or traditional pejorative phrases like despair gives courage to a coward. Instead,they uphold the litigants’rights and interests by restricting themselves to a matter-of-fact legal language with neutral terms,which embodies both justice and civility.At the core of this reform of judicial documents is the court verdict,which includes the judge’s attached discourse.This discourse is a written comment of the judge appended to the end of a court verdict.It is not a judicial document in the strict sense,but rather a supplemental commentary without binding power,and often contains moral and ethicalWeiming Liu&Shuying Liu138Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts…exhortations.It serves to mitigate the solemn nature of the verdict by relating to the underlying social value system,and further adds some warmth and compassion to the bleakness of a legal decision.For example,according to the Chinese view only as a last resort should opponents in civil cases involving family values and responsibilities,such as support of parents and grandparents or spouse and child support in divorce situations,enter into litigation.If they still do,this means they fail to voluntarily fulfill their moral responsibilities and obligations,ignore the ethical framework and over-emphasize their own interests.In such cases,the judge’s attached discourse is to make the litigants aware of those case-relevant ethical and moral values that lie beyond the mere legal reasoning.It is to add the human touch to a legal decision,stress the interdependence of law and morality in society,and inspire the litigants to understand the human concerns underlying the verdict.From what has been mentioned above,we can see that this kind of discourse emphasizes the human touch,reason and morals,so it can play an active role in condemning and admonishing immorality and promoting excellent social morals in such cases,especially in those concerning the party who win a case in the legal sense,but lose an action in the moral sense.Some legal experts even think that the judge’s attached discourse is a“declaration of morals”to a certain extent.1 The judge’s attached discourse is quite similar to obiter dictum,which is widely used in the Anglo-American law system.Firstly,both of them are attached to the end of court verdicts to express the judge’s opinions or comments ex parte. Secondly,both have no binding force and effect on the final decision.However, the judge’s attached discourse and obiter dictum are not exactly the same.There exist some differences between the two.On the one hand,obiter dictum expresses more of the judge’s social and economic values,even love and hatred.On the other hand,although obiter dictum has no binding force,it is more like a final decision than the judge’s attached discourse.Besides,it merges into an organic whole with ratio decidendi.On the contrary,the judge’s attached discourse emphasizes more reason or sense,human concern and human touch than obiter dictum.As a result, its content is full of instructive and inspirational significance,conviction,affinity and public trust.From these differences,we can see that obiter dictum embodies more of the judge’s wisdom and character while the attached discourse shows more of the judge’s welling emotions.2Here,the judge’s attached discourse uses the form of obiter dictum as a reference,but as far as the content is concerned,the two are different from each other.1See“The judge’s attached discourse:declaration of morals.”/news_content.asp?ns_id=234&nc_id=184430&newstype=1.2See Li Jiangping,“Discrimination and analysis of attached opinions.”/faxuejieti/ss/200311/20031118153825.htm.Lodz Papers in Pragmatics3(2007):137-144139DOI10.2478/v10016-007-0009-4Since the judge’s attached discourse was first used in a civil case in Shanghai No.2Intermediate People’s Court in1998,more and more courts in China have taken this measure.From2002to2003,more and more courts in many places, such as Nanjing,Kunming,Changsha,Luoyang,Yancheng,Yuzhao,Qinghai, Shanxi and Zhouning County,were employing this method.All these courts have achieved good results and social effects.However,though it has received high praise,the attached discourse is faced with some doubts and strong oppositions and has thus aroused a heated academic debate.Summing up these ideas,the doubts or oppositions mainly include the following points:1.Court verdicts,in fact,contain morals.Judges should be sure of this,but the attached discourse neglects this point.2.The attached discourse should not go beyond law.3.Judges should merge reason or sense into court verdicts,so as to blend the human touch with law(Zhang 2002).4.The attached discourse blurs the difference between law and morals and causes the disruption of judge’s role and the procedure(Mi2003;Wu2003).5. The attached discourse is out of harmony with the form and content of court verdicts.3Here,the debate is going on all from the legal point of view.However, the present paper will deal with this problem linguistically,which means an attempt to investigate and analyse such a discourse according to the theory of illocutionary and perlocutionary acts,to prove its feasibility as well as its limitations.2.Illocutionary acts in Chinese judge’s attached discourseShuy(2001)says,“One of the defining characteristics of discourse analysis is that it is capable of application in a wide variety of settings and contexts.Wherever there is a continuous text,written or spoken,there is a potential analysis of such a text”(:444).According to Shuy,although the attached discourse is the unilateral and written form or monologue by the judge,it looks forward to the litigants’positive responses most eagerly.Besides,it can be analysed in the context of a court trial.In this kind of context,the speech acts of the judge and litigants are not genuine face-to-face interactions,unlike ordinary conversations,but the judge and litigants play different roles.They can interact with each other easily,thus bringing about consequential effects on the litigants.From this point of view,the judge’s attached discourse has more interactions than ordinary written discourses.It can be said that this kind of discourse is a kind of a special conversation.Therefore,it is necessary to analyse the illocutionary and perlocutionary acts in this discourse in3See Zhang Peng,“Should court verdicts have human touch–debate aroused by the judge’s attached discourse?”Beijing Evening,June27,2001.Weiming Liu&Shuying Liu140Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts…order to find in the context of a court trial how the intention of the discourse is produced by the judge,and how the consequences are brought on the litigants.According to Austin(1962:103),the application of any discourse can perform three kinds of act–the locutionary,the illocutionary,and the perlocutionary.A locutionary act is just to utter a certain sentence with the meaning in the traditional sense.It is the act performed in saying something and does not show any design, intention,or purpose,but its force is identical with the speaker’s intention.An illocutionary act,however,is a conventional act,which is done with design, intention,or purpose.It is performed by or resulting from saying something,so it is the consequence of the discourse.Therefore,an illocutionary act gives a discourse illocutionary force which then has an effect on others,accomplishing the intention. The attached discourse is the words“from the bottom of the judge’s heart,”based on the details of a case at the end of a court trial.It has clear design or intention, strong influence and illocutionary force.Besides,a court trial is a kind of a highly stylized context where there is a set of conventional rules to follow.These rules restrict the content and expressions of the attached discourse.There is no choice in this matter for the judge and just for this reason,the judge’s attached discourse is feasible in a court trial.For example:Case1This was a civil case of dispute over money obligation.Zhou(wife)received compensation in the amount of8,100Yuan(RMB)from her husband’s unit after his death in a traffic accident.However,her mother-in-law claimed some of the payment from her.As a result,they came into conflict with each other and engaged in a lawsuit.In accordance with specific conditions,the judge decided Zhou should give1,000Yuan(RMB)to her mother-in-law.Though it was a fair result,their emotional attachment had been damaged.With a view to repairing it,the judge attached the following discourse to the case at the end of the court verdict:Money cannot substitute for emotional attachment.Get rid of old grievances to renew past cordial family relations.This is not only a question for the litigants and other sons and daughters to ponder deeply over,but also a mutual goal for you to achieve.Case2This was a civil case of divorce.Since they began to do some self-supported business,Peng(husband)has been dissatisfied with Liu(wife)arrogating all family economic powers to herself.Consequently,they often quarrelled with each other and then decided to live apart.Afterwards,Liu resorted to proceedings to claim a divorce from Peng.The judge did not grant the divorce,and then wrote down what he would like to say at the end of the court verdict:Lodz Papers in Pragmatics3(2007):137-144141DOI10.2478/v10016-007-0009-4Any happy family will have conflicts between husband and wife.Now that the conflict has arisen,the two parties should keep a clear head with a view to solving the existing problem through active communication.Congenial love between husband and wife should rely on complete confidence in each other.Case3This was a civil case of a succession dispute.Mu(plaintiff)and Dong (defendant)had had many complaints against each other before they engaged in this lawsuit.However,they have got rid of old grievances and become reconciled with each other again just after the lawsuit.The reason for this was that they were deeply moved by the following attached discourse:His father died when the plaintiff was very young and the defendant’s spouse died when she was middle aged.Such things are really tragedies in the world.The two parties of the case ought to sympathize with one another because of their misfortunes,but it is a great pity that they had instead a dispute for the heritage of the dead and caused a more serious damage to their own hearts.The law can handle this succession dispute between the two parties fairly,but money cannot substitute for emotional attachment at all.The departed is gone;his kinsfolk are still alive.How can the departed close his eyes in his grave when his kinsfolk are disputing about his heritage?I wish the two parties to get rid of old grievances,to respect and love each other,and to renew their emotional attachment.It will really be a great joy to see everything happy and prosperous in your family!According to John R.Searle(1969:48),the sentence provides a conventional means of achieving the intention to produce a certain illocutionary effect in the hearer.If the hearer understands the sentence,the intention will be achieved.In the cases mentioned above,the sentences in the attached discourse stress“affection,”“morals”and“human touch”and reveal judge’s intention explicitly.Besides,in Cases1and3,the sentences like“Get rid of old grievances to renew past cordial family relations,”and“I wish the two parties to get rid of old grievances,to respect and love each other,and to renew their emotional attachment,”in fact, produce a moral call to the litigants and request them to respond to the attached discourse in a positive way,to perform certain conventional acts and to carry out their obligations.Although there are no such sentences in Case2and there are only two sentences like this in Cases1and3,the entire attached discourse expresses the identical meaning and produces the identical illocutionary acts.These acts have strong illocutionary forces.The context can be divided into“linguistic context”and “nonlinguistic context”(Huang1988:44;He1989).The linguistic context depends on cohesion and coherence while the nonlinguistic context goes beyond sentence meaning.Nonlinguistic context can tell us how illocutionary force expresses the discourse.In a court trial,the hearers are in fact the litigants of the case.They show a great deal of concern for the case and are most eager to know the judge’sWeiming Liu&Shuying Liu142Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts…decision and opinion.In this sense,they have strong motivations.Therefore,in these two contexts,they can understand the meaning and intention of the judge’s attached discourse completely.In this way,the discourse takes its expected effect.3.Perlocutionary acts in Chinese judge’s attached discourseA successful performance of an illocutionary act in interactions can bring about the expected consequences and produce the act that tallies with the speaker’s intention,a perlocutionary act.From the examples in the previous section,we may have felt the effects brought about by the judge’s attached discourse.Normally,the litigants will produce certain actions in the context or will be much moved by what the judge says.However,saying something will also produce certain consequential effects upon the feelings,thoughts or actions of the audience and the speaker (Austin1962:101;Searle1969:25).Based on this,the discourses with the same meaning may produce different consequential effects while the same consequential effects may be achieved by different discourses with different meanings because different hearers may have different knowledge,ideology and character which will produce different feelings,thoughts or actions.Therefore,it seems true that a perlocutionary act does not necessarily have any connection with an illocutionary act.From this point of view,the litigants of a case may respond to the judge’s attached discourse positively or negatively.If the litigants respond positively,the attached discourse will achieve its intention.If they respond negatively,such a discourse will not be“reasonable.”This is the most important point–we should notice that the context of the attached discourse is a highly stylized court trial where what the judge says and the expressions he uses is carefully devised.Since most of the cases involve an emotional attachment,the judge’s attached discourse will produce consequential effects on the feelings,thoughts and actions of the litigants.A lot of examples can show that the litigants responded to the attached discourse in a very positive way.In Case1,the daughter-in-law and mother-in-law were deeply moved by the discourse and soon afterwards they became reconciled; in Case2,the husband was inspired greatly by the attached discourse and said that he would not seek divorce any longer;in Case3,the two parties said that they would submit themselves to the fair court decision,and that it was the attached discourse that put them right on how to understand the rule of law and morality. There are of course still more examples in which positive consequential effects are achieved.All these cases show that the judge’s attached discourse really works.It is really convincing.Just because of this,it can be called a“tender court decision”(Mi2003).Lodz Papers in Pragmatics3(2007):137-144143DOI10.2478/v10016-007-0009-44.ConclusionAlthough the Chinese judge’s attached discourse conforms to the conditions of illocutionary and perlocutionary acts and achieves excellent effects,it is not omnipotent.Of course,it has its own limitations and some of its problems should be discussed.Firstly,as has been discussed in the previous section,a perlocutionary act does not necessarily have any connection with an illocutionary act because many factors have an effect on the consequences.Based on this point,the speaker and listener’s interaction determines the effects.The effects are determined by the listener’s responses or acts.In judicial practice,the litigants’feelings,thoughts and actions are not at all stable.Though the judge’s attached discourse has a highly stylized context,explicit convention and strong illocutionary force,it can only be used in civil cases which involve“emotional touch.”This means that it cannot be widely used in other cases,especially criminal cases because the complexity of these cases determines the complexity of the litigants’feelings,thoughts and actions and we are not sure whether they would respond positively or negatively.Secondly,this problem triggers a second one–the expressions in the attached discourse.The expressions should be deeply devised,based on the details of the cases.Proper expressions can bring in strong illocutionary force,so as to affect the litigants. Without proper expressions or an appropriate choice of words,the judge’s attached discourse will not achieve the expected perlocutionary act.Thirdly,the judge’s attached discourse is mainly applicable to such cases as support for parents and grandparents,bringing up children,succession disputes,divorce and the like.These cases often involve emotional attachment,and so the litigants tend to respond positively.However,in other cases,especially in criminal cases,the litigants are usually more emotionally unstable.Thus,the illocutionary and perlocutionary acts of the attached discourse are most likely to be limited.This is the reason why such a discourse is not widely used in other cases.At present,some courts are trying to apply this kind of discourse to criminal cases concerning minors as well as civil cases concerning the disputes of damage compensation and reputation.The effects are encouraging,and show that the judge’s attached discourse still has room for further development.Provided that its expressions are well-designed according to the nature of different cases,it will certainly produce strong impact and achieve excellent long-lasting effects.ReferencesAustin,John L.How to Do Things with Words.New York:Oxford University Press,1962.Weiming Liu&Shuying Liu144Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts…He,Zhaoxiong.Essentials of Pragmatics.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1989.Huang,Guowen.Essentials of Text Analysis.Changsha:Hunan Education Press, 1988.Mi,Jian.“Creativity and unification of judicial reform–should the judge’s attached discourse be postponed?”Legal Daily,March14,2003.Searle,John R.Speech Acts:An Essay in the Philosophy of Language.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1969.Shuy,Roger W.“Discourse analysis in the legal context.”In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis,edited by Deborah Schiffrin,Deborah Tannen and Heidi Hamilton,437-452.Oxford:Blackwell,2001.Wu,Xuean.“Advantages and disadvantages of the judge’s attached discourse.”Worker’s Daily,Jan.18,2003.Zhang,Zhiming.“The judge’s attached discourse and the combination of affection and law.”People’s Court Newspaper,Nov.22,2002.About the authorsWeiming Liu is Professor in English at the School of ForeignLanguages,Northwest University of Politics&Law,Shaanxi,China,now holding the post of a vice-dean.He is a member of IAFL&CAFL and majors in English,linguistics and ELT methodology.Hiscurrent research fields are forensic linguistics,pragmatics in legalcontext and legal translation.Shuying Liu is Associate Professor in English at the School ofForeign Languages,Northwest University of Politics&Law,Shaanxi,China,now being the head of the No.1College EnglishTeaching Section.She majored in English and linguistics in the XianInternational Studies University.Her current research is in languageand the law,linguistics and ELT.。
美国留学名校西北大学
美国留学名校西北大学这篇《美国留学名校西北大学》是无忧开往为大家精心准备的,希望对大家有所帮助!美国名校西北大学(Northwestern University)是众所周知的大学。
它位于伊利诺州密歇根湖岸的小城埃文斯顿。
1850年5月,一位物理学家、两位商人、三位检察官及三位牧师共9位男士聚在芝加哥一家五金商店的小阁楼里,商讨怎么建立一所“具有卓越水平”的高等学校。
在美国历,依利诺斯、威斯康星、俄亥俄等州正式加入合众国之前,这一地带被称作“西北领地”。
他们心目中的这所大学旨在为原“西北领地”的人提供卓越的高等教育,于是为这所大学起名为“西北大学”。
1853年美国名校西北大学的发起者在芝加哥以北12英里的密执安湖边,购买了一片农田,作为西北大学的校址。
西北大学虽然校园面积不太大,但风景非常优美,有长达数英里的湖滨沙滩和浴场。
经过一百多年的发展,西北大学已成为拥有12个学院、近3000名教工、7826名本科生、10000名研究生的世界大学,国际学有2300名,来自世界各地100多个国家。
校园硬件美国名校西北大学共设有11间图书馆,其中以Deering图书馆规模,不仅是造型别具一格(它极像一本打开来的书,从它那一层又一层的硕大玻璃窗里流泻出来的灯光,仿佛组成了书页上面一排接一排的字),而且总藏书超过390万本,共收藏逾4万本杂志与期刊,学生可以经由电脑化的图书馆设备查知资料的所在处。
全校共设有611台电脑供学生使用,分别设于电脑中心、电脑室、图书馆、学生中心、宿舍及教学大楼。
此外,学生也可在宿舍及校外上国际网络。
大学宿舍除建有4千多个房间。
学校也成立了250多个学生社团,体育及休闲娱乐设备充足,而且大学也为学生提供生活上的各种服务,例如法律、医疗、心理辅导,并设有妇女中心及为女学生提供夜间交通服务。
特点特长美国名校西北大学12个学院中的新闻学院、文化艺术和工程学院实力。
这些学科领域里的教授们大多承担着国家和地区级的科研项目,有些还与外国学者合作从事一些课题。
美国西北大学 Northwestern University_入学要求_录取条件_专业学费_世界排名_2018申请指南
美国西北大学Northwestern University_入学要求_录取条件_专业学费_世界排名_2018申请指南美国西北大学简介:美国西北大学(Northwestern University, NU或NWU)创建于1851年,是一所私立研究型大学,由John Evans并其他8名律师、商人及卫理公会领导人联合创办。
1855年正式授课,1869年开始招收女子学生。
如今,美国西北大学本科生人数共9,177人,研究生人数也达到10,645人。
美国西北大学是全国大学体育协会十大联盟高校的创会成员,且一直是其中唯一的私立大学。
美国西北大学与国内诸多高校都有合作,如:美国西北大学与清华大学;美国西北大学医学院与首都医科大学;美国西北大学商学院与香港理工大学共同合办的MBA项目等。
校园环境据炎裔留学小编了解美国西北大学有3个校区,其中两个校区在芝加哥地区,主校区在埃文斯顿市,以本科生、研究生为主,著名的凯洛哥商学院也座落于此。
校园北部是学生会建筑、亨利•克劳恩体育馆和其它体育设施、技术研究所、天文台和其它与科学有关的建筑物,包括福特汽车公司设计中心。
南部则是人文科学建筑、音乐建筑、艺术建筑和女学生会建筑。
法学院、医学院在芝加哥校区的Streeterville市,它的沃德大厦是美国首座学术摩天大楼。
而这两个校区都座落在密歇根湖周边,是非常美丽的校园。
除了这两个校区之外,第三个校区就是在多哈、卡塔尔与美国其他5所大学(卡耐基梅隆大学、康奈尔大学、乔治城大学、德州农工大学、弗吉尼亚联邦大学)共同创办大学城,集中于新闻传媒专业的学生。
图书馆美国西北大学图书馆系统由四座埃文斯顿校区上的图书馆和三座芝加哥校区上的图书馆组成,中心图书馆位于埃文斯顿,此外还有两座与两个神学院相关的图书馆。
图书馆藏4600万册书、4500万微胶卷和4.5万分杂志,是美国第30大的大学生图书馆和第十大的私人大学图书馆。
图书馆中包括世界上最大的非洲研究收藏、大量早期印刷音乐和手稿以及后现代化作品收藏、19和20世纪西方艺术收藏和建筑学杂志。
美国留学政治学专业全面解析
美国留学政治学专业全面解析政治学(Political Science)属于典型的社会学科归类,以学习政治学,政治体制,以及政治相关领域内容为主。
接下来由店铺小编来为大家介绍相关内容。
美国留学政治学专业全面解析一、专业介绍以美国西北大学政治专业为例:政治学是从国内、国际和比较的角度研究政治和权力的学科。
它需要理解政治思想、意识形态、制度、政策、流程和行为,以及群体、阶级、政府、外交、法律、战略和战争。
西北大学的专业进一步带着学生探讨以下疑问:1、为什么国家间会有战争?2、为什么国会中的民主党人和共和党人不能相互合作?3、为什么有的国家富有而有的国家贫困4、在政治中以合乎道德的方式行事意味着什么?学习政治学对于每个公民和行使政治权力有很高的价值,对未来从事政府、法律、商业、媒体或公共服务领域的职业也有极大的帮助。
二、政治专业就业情况最终选择就读政治学这个专业的学生往往都是抱着对该专业极大的热爱和兴趣入门,就读人数也不在少数,不过实话实说,与十年前相比还是下降了不少。
因为毕竟政治学是属于偏抽象且范围大的文科类专业,而非热门或技能类专业,毕业后可从事的直接相关岗位还是较少,再加上作为留学的中国学生,还会受到身份限制和政治因素影响。
因此不论是家长还是同学自己,或多或少都会对该专业毕业后的就业有着迷茫或者担忧。
但是即使如此,学生不想浪费本科的四年时光,一腔热血追求心中所向往的专业是非常能产生共鸣的,因此为了同学们在仰望星空的同时,也能脚踏实地地在未来保证自己能生存下去,有以下几条建议可以参考:双学位:在选择政治学的同时可以再修一门热门或技能类学科作为辅助,比如经济学或者计算机之类的学科。
不仅是因为这些专业毕业后就业岗位更多,而是这些专业对政治学本身的学习也有促进作用,毕竟现在是互联网时代,机器学习是极为常见的工具,而了解定量研究更是辅助学生们之后读懂相关论文的关键。
不过该选择的缺点就是在就读期间的学业压力会比较大,考验学生的时间规划、抗压以及学习能力,如果中途实在撑不住,可以临时选几门稍微“水”一点的课过渡一下。
西政简介英文
As one of the oldest universities of political science and law in China, Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL) developed from the Department of Political Science and Law at Southwest University of People’s Revolution which was founded i n 1950, with Marshal Liu Bocheng as the president.In 1953, SWUPL was officially established through merging the Political Science and Law departments of Chongqing University and Sichuan University, the Law departments of Chongqing Finance and Economy College, and of Guizhou University and Yunnan University.In 1978, the University was accredited as a key university by the State Council. In 2000, the administration of the University was transferred from the Ministry of Justice to the Chongqing municipality, thus creating a system ofco-administration between the central and local government.In 2003, it was approved as one of the first universities to grant doctorial degree of first-level legal discipline. In 2004, it established one post-doctorate mobile st ation of Law. In 2007, SWUPL was awarded as “excellent undergraduate education” by Ministry of Education.In 2008, SWUPL became the key university co-administrated by Ministry of Education and Chongqing Municipality.SWUPL became the first University in Chongqing co-administrated by the Ministry and Municipality. On October 24, 2012.The University has three campuses, the main in Yubei District, the other two in Shapingba District and Baoshenghu, covering a total area of 3136.17 mu. There are 14 schools, including School of Civil and Commercial law, School of Economic Law, Law School, School of Administrative Law, School ofInternational Law, School of Criminal investigation, School of Marxism, School of Juris Master, School of Management, School of Politics and Public Administration, School of Journalism and Communication, School of Foreign Languages, School of Applied Law, and School of Economics.It offers 20 bachelor’s programs, 37 master’s programs of sub-disciplines, 4 professional master’s programs an d 10 doctoral programs of sub-discipline, and 2 national key disciplines. The University has postdoctoral center for legal research and 6 provincial key bases for humanity and social science research. It has 1421 faculty and staff members, among which 1157 are full-time. It has 5159 postgraduates and 18591 undergraduates. The University’s library boasts a collection of more than 4,200,000 books.SWUPL has international exchange programs with over 60 universities from U.S., France, Germany, Japan, Thailand, and South Korea. SWUPL and University of Montana has jointly established the first Confucius Institute in Northwest of U.S. In 2011, SWUPL and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) signed a cooperation agreement on the International Training Centre for local Authorities Project. The project, with a total of 100 million US dollars investment, will build training center in SWUPL and make full use of the training resources of the United Nations.63 years since the foundation of the University, SWUPL has developed a multi-level and multi-type higher education for undergraduates, postgraduates, doctoral candidates, and international students, and has educated more than 200,000 high ranking specialized personnel. It is the university that provided the most law personnel for the country. A large number of alumni have become backbones and leading figures in law field and other professions.。
无人机目标检测量子多模式识别优化算法
无人机目标检测量子多模式识别优化算法侯旋1,2,薛飞3,陈涛41.西北政法大学新闻传播学院,西安7101222.空军工程大学航空工程学院,西安7100383.空军研究院航空兵研究所,北京1000764.电子科技大学电子科学技术学院,成都611731摘要:研究了现阶段无人机雷达探测技术的难点与方法,分析了量子多模式识别网络模型与算法,根据Grover 算法优化理论,提出了基于相位旋转的量子多模式识别算法(PRQMPRA )。
优化算法避免了在带冗余项的量子多模式识别算法(RQMPRA )中两个相位旋转均为π会导致搜索成功概率降低的缺陷。
利用三种数据集对误差反向传播算法(EBPA )、基于交叉熵函数的深层自编码器学习算法(CDAA )以及RQMPRA 与PRQMPRA 进行模式识别能力分析,结果表明在确定限定误差的情况下PRQMPRA 具有更高的识别率与相对较快的运算速度。
提出了一种基于量子多模式识别算法的雷达目标检测方法,通过模式分类的方法研究目标检测问题。
利用上述四种算法进行无人机目标检测实验,研究结果表明PRQMPRA 具有更高的检测精度,在低信噪比的情况下可保持较高的发现概率。
关键词:目标检测;无人机;量子计算;模式识别文献标志码:A中图分类号:TP183doi :10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2001-0143UAV Target Detection on Quantum Multi-pattern Recognition Optimization AlgorithmHOU Xuan 1,2,XUE Fei 3,CHEN Tao 41.School of Journalism and Communication,Northwest University of Politics and Law,Xi ’an 710122,China2.College of Aeronautics Engineering,Air Force Engineering University,Xi ’an 710038,China3.Aviation Institute,Air Force Research Institute,Beijing 100076,China4.College of Electronic Science and Technology,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,ChinaAbstract :The difficulties and methods of unmanned aerial vehicle radar detection technology are studied.It analyzes the model and algorithms of Quantum multi-Pattern Recognition Network (QPRN ).By Grover introducing algorithm optimi-zation theory,Phase Rotation Quantum Multi-Pattern Recognition Algorithm (PRQMPRA )is proposed.The optimization algorithm avoids the defect that both phase rotations are πin the Redundancy Quantum Multi-Pattern Recognition Algo-rithm (RQMPRA ),which will lead to a decrease in the probability of successful search.Three types of data sets are used to analyze the pattern recognition ability of Error Back Propagation Algorithm (EBPA ),Cross-entropy function-Deep Autoencoder learning Algorithm (CDAA ),RQMPRA and PRQMPRA.In the case of determining the limit error,the results show that PRQMPRA has higher recognition rate and relatively faster operation speed.A multi-pattern recognition algorithm based radar target detection method is proposed to study the target detection problem by pattern ing the above four algorithms for UAV target detection experiments,the results show that PRQMPRA has higher detection accuracy and can maintain a higher discovery probability in the case of low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR ).Key words :target detection;Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV );quantum computing;pattern recognition基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51507186)。
陕西省化解粮食安全与经济增长矛盾的对策
Value Engineering 0引言粮食生产需要投入一定的土地要素,城市化的发展在推进经济增长的同时,不可避免的要占据大量的农业用地,而土地作为一种资源具有不可再生性,那么“究竟是保障粮食安全重要呢还是追求经济增长重要呢?”,城市化的发展是历史的必然趋势,而粮食安全关系到一个国家的生存,随着城市化的发展如何处理二者的关系成为一个值得研究的课题。
本文研究的目的是在分析陕西省粮食生产与经济发展现状的基础上,探寻陕西省粮食生产与经济增长的具体矛盾,梳理陕西省解决这一矛盾的对策。
1陕西省粮食安全与经济增长矛盾1.1陕西省概况[2]陕西省位于中国内陆腹地,地处东经105°29′-111°15′,北纬31°42′-39°35′之间。
全省总面积为20.58万平方公里。
陕西地域狭长,地势南北高、中间低,有高原、山地、平原和盆地等多种地形。
南北长约870公里,东西宽200至500公里。
从北到南可以分为陕北高原、关中平原、秦巴山地三个地貌区。
其中高原926万公顷,山地面积为741万公顷,平原面积391万公顷。
作为中国南北气候分界线的秦岭山脉横贯全省东西。
秦岭以北为黄河水系,秦岭以南属长江水系。
陕西横跨三个气候带,南北气候差异较大。
陕南属北亚热带气候,关中及陕北大部属暖温带气候,陕北北部长城沿线属中温带气候。
其总特点是:春暖干燥,降水较少,气温回升快而不稳定,多风沙天气;夏季炎热多雨,间有伏旱;秋季凉爽较湿润,气温下降快;冬季寒冷干燥,气温低,雨雪稀少。
年平均降水量340-1240毫米。
降水南多北少,陕南为湿润区,关中为半湿润区,陕北为半干旱区。
全省农业用地(耕地、林地、园地、牧草地)2772万亩,未利用土地1503万亩。
1.2陕西省土地资源利用现状陕西省的土地资源主要特点为山地多而川原少,全省海拔800米以下河川、台原、山前洪积扇等仅占土地总面积10%,土地类型主要有山地、丘陵、原、川地、沙地、沼泽等六大类。
法律科学(西北政法大学学报)杂志社联系方式 编辑部投稿邮箱
法律科学(西北政法大学学报)杂志社联系方式编辑部投稿邮箱法律科学(西北政法大学学报)论文来稿要求内容健康、立题新颖、论述清晰、格式规范、资料可靠、具有较强说服力和指导性,引用资料要给出参考文献。
文稿一般不超过5000字。
政治军事法律类论文投稿邮箱:qikantg11@《法律科学》是西北政法学院主办的、面向国内外公开发行的学术性刊物。
它以探索新中国社会主义法制现代化理论为宗旨,努力反映法学研究的新成果。
主要发表法学学术理论文章,辟有法律文化与法律价值、法律思维与法律方法、人权与法制、部门法理学、法制现代化、法律制度探微、法学新问题研究、域外法评、长安法史、立法研究、法律实践等栏目,注重学术性、专业性、知识性。
本刊连续被列入“中文核心期刊”、“法律类核心期刊”、“中文社科常用期刊”、“法学类最重要的核心期刊”、中文社会科学引文索引来源期刊(CSSCI)。
刊名:法律科学(西北政法大学学报)Science of Law(Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law)主办:西北政法大学周期:双月出版地:陕西省西安市语种:中文;开本:大16开ISSN: 1671-6914CN: 61-1470/D邮发代号: 52-85历史沿革:现用刊名:法律科学(西北政法大学学报)曾用刊名:西北政法学院学报;法律科学(西北政法学院学报)创刊时间:1983该刊被以下数据库收录:中国人文社会科学引文数据库(CHSSCD—2004)核心期刊:中文核心期刊(2008)中文核心期刊(2004)中文核心期刊(2000)中文核心期刊(1996)中文核心期刊(1992)期刊荣誉:Caj-cd规范获奖期刊法律科学(西北政法大学学报)咨询QQ:2275906901法律科学(西北政法大学学报)辅导发表:赵老师法律科学(西北政法大学学报)投稿邮箱:qikantg11@(稿件在3天内必回复)世界经济与政治杂志社联系方式编辑部投稿邮箱世界经济与政治论文来稿要求内容健康、立题新颖、论述清晰、格式规范、资料可靠、具有较强说服力和指导性,引用资料要给出参考文献。
舞龙运动项目引入陕西高校体育课堂教学的实验
科技信息SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 2012年第33期1研究目的舞龙运动作为中华民族的传统体育项目,不仅有着悠久的历史文化,而且有广泛的群众基础。
舞龙具有独特的民族风格,更多体现的是一种民族的文化。
舞龙运动不仅仅是一种表演,它包含着中华民族的武术、舞蹈、刺绣、绘画以及音乐等多种中国元素。
同时舞龙又有着很高的艺术价值,不但能锻炼人们的身体,激发人们的意志,还能弘扬民族精神。
目前我国高校的体育教学也在不断改革,怎样才能使我国的学校体育建设具有中国特色,在这一过程中,继承和发扬民族传统体育是不可缺少的重要内容。
学校是体育发展的摇篮,而民族传统体育项目进入到高校的体育课堂,不仅为学校体育发展注入新的元素,更重要的是对我国民族传统体育的继承、发扬和推广。
以学生的身心发展、兴趣、爱好为前提和依据,将民族传统体育项目———舞龙作为高校体育课选项班的教学内容,进行了教学实验。
2研究方法2.1文献资料法查阅与舞龙运动相关的教学、训练等资料,认真学习和研究,作为理论指导依据。
2.2数理统计法实验中涉及到的数据,采用Excel 和Spss6.4for windows 软件包进行平均数、标准差、u 检验等常规统计处理.2.3实验法2.3.1实验对象西安电子科技大学2010级体育课舞龙项目的选项班,其中男生有35人,女生30人。
2.3.2进行试验的时间和舞龙课的教学时数试验的时间为2010年10月-2011年5月,教学时数为40学时。
2.3.3实验具体实施的方法①确定课的教学内容和进度,课程由同一位教师担任。
②学生学习舞龙课程前对其身体素质进行测试,男生测试项目为立定跳远、1000m 、握力、体前屈;女生测试项目为立定跳远、800m 、握力、体前屈。
③在舞龙课程结束前再次对学生身体素质进行测试。
3结果与分析3.1结果通过对舞龙选项班的学生身体素质试验后的测试,舞龙选项班的成绩与试验前对比有了较大的提高(见表1),差异性显著。
基于AHP的法学硕士学位论文综合评价方法及应用
价值工程0引言法学硕士学位论文是培养法学专业学生的创新能力、实践能力和专业技术能力的重要实践环节。
同时,法学硕士学位论文也是衡量法学专业院校教学质量、学生理论水平和学位资格认证的重要依据[1]。
因此,科学、有效地评价方法,不仅关系到法学硕士学位论文质量的评价,而且关系到法学专业院校研究生教育的水平。
目前,我国专业法学院校都制定了一套符合自身情况的学位论文评价体系,通过校内专家和校外专家的双盲审制度,对答辩前的硕士学位论文进行评价。
国务院学位办和各省学位办也通过抽检的方法,加强对硕士学位论文质量的监督。
这种双盲审加抽检的方式,对保证法学硕士学位论文质量起到了很好的作用[2]。
但是,法学硕士学位论文评价是一个复杂的评价和决策问题,整个评价过程伴随着一定的随机性、模糊性、不确定性和不稳定性。
传统的论文评价方法在论文成绩的评定和评价指标的确定方面存在着一些缺点,主要表现在以下几个方面:学位论文指导教师、盲审专家和答辩专家组采用平均法对学生的硕士学位论文给予评价打分,甚至于主要由答辩专家组和学位论文指导教师确定论文成绩,这样有时难免存在客观性和真实性的问题。
在学位论文的评价体系中,影响论文成绩的因素是多种多样的,每种因素的重要性也存在着一定的差异性,这就造成了评价指标的模糊性。
然而,在论文成绩评定中,专家往往直接给出一个精确的分数,这种处理方式是片面的和不可靠的。
当对学生论文成绩存在争议时,缺乏一整套完整的法学硕士论文评价标准作为参考,常常是通过少数服从多数的原则举手表决,对学生缺乏说服力。
同样为法学专业,但不同学科之间硕士学位论文所涉及的内容差异较大,评审专家和指导教师很难采用学校制定的分类标准对学位论文进行评价。
根据上述问题,一般的简单线性方法很难解决这一复杂的评价和决策问题。
这就需要采用一套合理、有效和简便的法学硕士学位论文评价方法,从系统工程角度处理这样一类复杂的评价和决策问题。
本文在传统AHP 模型的基础上,结合法学硕士论文评价过程中的特点,提出了基于改进AHP 的综合评价方法,该方法将群组AHP 模型和模糊AHP 模型引入法学硕士学位论文评价中,根据评审专家的评价体系、评审专家的可变性、指标权重值、论文属性值的差异,构建了法学硕士论文综合评价方法。
_劳动合同法_的博弈分析_黎秀蓉
山东大学经济研究院魏建邮编 250100。
“法经济学论坛”《劳动合同法》的博弈分析黎秀蓉作者简介:黎秀蓉(1968-),女,陕西西安人,西北政法大学经济管理学院副教授,经济学硕士,研究方向为制度经济学、法经济学。
联系方法: lixiurong_no.1@陕西省西安市长安南路300号西北政法大学经济管理学院 710063A Game Analysis to the Labor Contract LawLi Xiurong(College of Economics & Management, Northwest University of Politics and Law, 710063) Abstract: This paper applies Game Theory to analyze institutional change of labor relationship since China’s reform and open policy through the analysis of peasant-worker in the Pearl River Delta. This auther makes the conclusion that in L-K game, in order to reach cooperation equilibrium, we have to strengthen the system of labor contract, to reform the system of the minimum wage and social insurance, collective negotiation and collective contract. In addition, we also need to improve the punishment mechanism: the system of labor supervision and dispute settlement.Key words: Labor relationship; L-K game; Cooperative equilibrium; Punishment mechanism《劳动合同法》的博弈分析关键词:劳动关系 L-K博弈合作均衡惩罚机制摘要:本文以珠三角地区农民工为视角,运用博弈论分析方法研究了《劳动合同法》的内在机理,认为在L-K博弈中,要达成合作均衡走出囚徒困境,必须强化劳动合同制度,改革最低工资制度和社会保险制度,完善集体谈判与集体合同制度,并改进惩罚机制:劳动监察和争议处理制度。
在美国西北大学就读是一番怎样的体验
西北大学(Northwestern University),简称NU,是一所世界著名私立研究型大学,是美国录取难度较大的大学之一,十大联盟成员校,也是该联盟中唯一的私立大学。
西北大学在US News2017年国家综合大学排名上位列本科第12位,Times2017年世界大学排名上位列第20位。
西北大学位于伊利诺伊州的埃文斯顿市,临近著名的国际大都市芝加哥,其商学院、法学院和医学院坐落在繁华的芝加哥市区的密歇根湖湖畔。
西北大学在商科、法学、传媒、化学、医学、工程等领域均处于世界领先地位,有11位诺贝尔奖获得者、38位普利策奖获得者在此工作或学习过。
至2015年,西北大学获得捐赠约为101.9亿美元,是美国最富有的10所大学之一。
那么,在西北大学就读是一番怎样的体验呢?Ivy郑潜水党等这个问题等了很久了哈哈~ 终于可以把处女长答献给我大西北了!名字太土,被路人化或者逢年过节被亲戚“哦我孩子也在西安读大学有空见个面吧”的悲剧即将得雪……1. 天气!必须说天气!夏秋超级怡人,冬天冻得一逼。
现在在学校里给教授打工,每天温度24度上下,晴天晒太阳很舒服,雨天也不至于太难受。
大概5-9月是比较怡人的天气(也是学生基本都不在的时候= =),秋天开始转凉但校园会有很多红叶,变得很好看。
但是!一到冬天就呵呵呵呵……大概11,12月开始下雪,之后整个winter quarter都是积雪期,去年似乎是百年难遇的冷,最冷零下30度左右,平时一般0到-10度的样子。
积雪到膝盖,不过路上都有铲雪车所以走路不是问题。
本人准大二CS狗,所以只说本科。
西北的本科中国人每年50个左右,质量还是挺高的,学生素质都很好,像学长说的一样都是“什么都玩但GPA赛高的人”……学渣掩面跑,说多了都是泪= = 传媒学院Medill全美第一,不过workload也相对很不轻松,每年大概一两个中国人能进的样子,具体不太清楚。
商学院Kellogg很强,文理学院的中国人大部分都会学一门经济+Kellogg Certificate(内含四门商学院课程),整体金融氛围很浓,学长学姐毕业华尔街/香港实习的比比皆是。
西大简介 英文版
N orthwest University has its origin in Shaanxi College founded in 1902, and assumed its present name in 1912. It was renamed National Northwest University in 1923, and called National Xi’an Provisional University after the merger with National Beiping University, Beiping Normal University, Beiyang College of Engineering and other institutions, which moved inland to Shaanxi when the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in 1937. The Provisional University was subsequently named National Northwest Associated University in 1938, and NationalNorthwestUniversity in 1939.I n the early period after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, NorthwestUniversity was one of the 14 comprehensive universities under the direct administration of the central government’s Ministry of Education. In 1958, the University came under the administration of the Shaanxi Provincial Government. In 1978, it was designated as one of the key universities in China. Currently, the University is one of China’s leading comprehensive, multi-disciplinary universities of liberal arts, sciences, engineering, management, law and medicine, with equal emphasis on both teaching and research. It is also one of the institutions of higher learning listed in the State “211 Project”, and one of the universities supported by the State in its western China development campaign.T he University, located in the famous ancient Chinese capital Xi’an, has 3 campuses with a total area of 370 acres, and 22 schools and departments offering 67 undergraduate programs. It is one of the first institutions empowered to set up doctoral, postdoctoral and master’s programs, to approve the promotion to professorship, and to select Ph. D. supervisors. To date the University has established 37 doctoral programs (of which 6 belong to the first-category disciplines), 92 Master’s programs (including special programs like MBA, MPA and Master of Engineering) and 9 postdoctoral programs. The University also boasts 6 national bases for talent training, one national education base for cultural education of college students, 3 national key disciplines, 39 provincial key disciplines, one national engineering and technology center, 11 ministerial or provincial key labs and engineering and technology research centers.T he University has a faculty and staff of over 2,300, of which 1,100 are full-time faculty, and nearly 600 are professors and associate professors. The faculty is also distinguished by 2 academicians and 7 part-time academicians of the ChineseAcademy of Sciences, and 4 honored professors under the auspices of “the Cheung Kong Scholars Program”. The University’s student population amounts to about 18,000 including 2,000 doctoral and graduate students, and 150 international students.S ince the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the University has educated more than 100,000 graduates of different disciplines for the nation, and most of them have become the professional, academic and administrative backbone of the country, fulfilling leading roles in different regions and sectors. The University was once praised as “the Mother of Chinese Petroleum Engineering Talents” and “the Cradle of Economists”.T he University contracts for over 100 research projects of national importance each year, including “the 863 Project”, “the 973 Project”, “the Summit-Scaling Project”, and the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Social Sciences Foundation. Since China’s reforms and opening to the outside world in 1978, the faculty has won over 800 awards for research achievements andpublished over 20,000 academic papers and 1,200 books.T he University pays close attention to international exchange and cooperation, and has established collaborative relations with nearly 50 institutions of higher learning and research in foreign countries, and Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. The exchange and cooperation, covering various areas of study, have contributed to the rise of the University’s academic level and international renown. To its credit, Encyclopedia Britannica once listed Northwest University as one of the world-famous Chinese universities.[up↑]。
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Northwest University of Politics and Law西北政法大学(NorthWest University of Politics and Law)简称西法大,坐落于世界历史文化名城西安,是一所中央与地方共建,由陕西省人民政府主管的高等政法院校。
其前身为1939年11月复建的陕北公学、1941年成立的延安大学和1949年成立的西北人民革命大学。
曾为最高人民法院、司法部直属的中国大陆地区重点法律院校。
是著名的“五院四系”成员高校,“立格联盟”组成院校,中国哲学社会科学的重点院校,中央政法委、教育部首批“卓越法律人才”培养基地,“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心西北基地,同时是全国法律人才培养的重要基地,西北地区法学科研教育中心,西部地区人文社会科学教育重镇,迄今为止已为国家培养了10万多名高素质人才[1] 。
西北政法大学于2006年正式由西北政法学院更名为西北政法大学。
学校设有哲学与社会发展学院、公安学院、刑事法学院、国际教育学院等18个学院和体育教学部,辐射哲学、经济学、法学、文学、工学、管理、艺术等专业大类,其中哲学、新闻学、侦查学专业为国家级特色专业,法学专业为陕西省名牌和特色专业,拥有法学一级学科博士后流动站,设有10个法学博士学位授权点,35个硕士学位授权点4个专业硕士学位授权点。
[2]展开创办时间1939年11月所处城市中国西安学校类型政法属性国立重点高等政法大学|省属重点本科高校|“五院四系”|“立格联盟”核心成员主管部门陕西省教育厅学校官网学校概况专业设置历年分数线目录1历史沿革▪历史概述▪发展历程2办学条件▪硬件设施▪对外交流▪师资力量▪院系设置▪学科建设▪学位授予3学术研究▪科研机构▪科研成果▪学术期刊4文化传统▪校徽▪校训▪西法大精神▪办学理念5校园环境6学校领导▪历任校长▪现任领导7知名校友▪党政官员▪著名学者▪知名学者▪企事业人士▪知名律师▪影视明星记者8学校地址基本信息编辑中文名西北政法大学英文名Northwest University of Politics and Law简称西法大NWUPL创办时间1939年11月类别公立大学学校类型政法属性国立重点高等政法大学省属重点本科高校“五院四系”、“立格联盟”核心成员所属地区中国西安现任校长贾宇知名校友葛洪义、牟新生、杨永华、田文昌主管部门陕西省教育厅硕士点39个博士点10个博士后流动站1校训严谨求实文明公正主要院系哲学与社会发展学院、公安学院、刑事法学院、民商法学院等学校地址西安市长安南路300号(雁塔校区)西安市西长安街558号(长安校区)学校代码10726主要奖项首批卓越法律人才教育培养基地国家级实验教学示范中心4个国家级重点科研基地11个省级重点科研基地国家特色专业3个省部重点学科10个发展目标国内一流的教学研究型政法大学邮政编码雁塔校区710063 长安校区7101221历史沿革编辑历史概述陕北公学→延安大学→西北人民革命大学→西北政法干部学校→中央政法干部学校西北分校→西安政法学院→西北政法学院→西北政法大学西北政法大学历史沿革西北政法大学有着70多年的办学历史,具有光荣革命传统,富有丰厚文化底蕴。
学校历史可以追溯到中国共产党1937年在延安创办的陕北公学。
1939年6月上旬,党中央决定将陕北公学、鲁迅艺术学院、安吴堡战时青年训练班、延安工人学校四校合并,组成华北联合大学,开赴敌人后方办学。
1939年11月期间,党中央为了培养更多抗战干部,决定复办陕北公学,又称后期陕公,这是西北政法大学的前身,在延安重新招生,校址在延安北门外原址。
1941年,陕北公学与中国女子大学、泽东青年干部学校合并,成立了延安大学,延安大学是中国共产党创办的第一所综合性大学。
1949年,延安大学迁至西安,更名为西北人民革命大学。
1953年,西北局决定将西北人民革命大学改组为西北政法干部学校,次年底改组为中央政法干部学校西北分校。
1958年9月,西北大学法律系调入中央政法干校西北分校,成立西北政法学院,学校成为中国法学教育顶尖的王牌院校“五院四系”之一,也是西北地区第一所高等政法院校,从此开始了普通高等学历教育的历史。
在中国司法系统中,80%以上骨干人员毕业于“五院四系”,而在西北地区司法系统中则有80%以上毕业于西北政法大学。
2006年11月,经教育部批准,西北政法学院更名为西北政法大学,揭开了学校发展的新篇章。
[1]发展历程(1)陕北公学——党在延安创办的第一所干部高等学校(1937-1941)1937年为了培养抗日干部,中国共产党中央决定成立陕北公学,校长成仿吾,副毛泽东主席给陕北公学学员讲课校长罗迈(李维汉),校址定在延安东门外。
1939年6月上旬,党中央决定将陕北公学、鲁迅艺术学院、安吴堡战时青年训练班、延安工人学校四校合并,组成华北联合大学,开赴敌人后方办学。
1939年11月,中国共产党党中央为了培养更多抗战干部,决定复办陕北公学,又称后期陕公,校址在延安北门外原址。
(2)延安大学——中国共产党创办的第一所综合大学(1941-1949)1941年9月,陕北公学(后期)与中国女子大学、泽东青年干部学校合并,成立延安大学,吴玉章任校长,校址在陕北公学原址。
1943年,延安“鲁艺”、自然科学院、民族学院、新文字干部学校,1944年行政学院依次并入1945年的延安大学校门(2张)延安大学。
(3)西北人民革命大学(1949-1954)1949年为了培养适应新中国政权建设所需的各类干部,中共中央西北局决定,延安大学迁到西安,改名为西北人民革命大学。
陕西省政府主席马明方兼任校长。
1949年民大校部和二部迁驻高陵县通元坊;一部、三部迁驻泾阳永乐店。
(4)中央政法干部学校西北分校(1954-1958)1953年3月,为了提高西北地区政法干部的政治、业务素质,中共中央西北局决定改组西北人民革命大学,成立西北政法干部学校。
1954年学校更名为中央政法干部学校西北分校,校址由通元坊迁至西安南郊。
建设中的西北政法学院大礼堂(5)西安政法学院—西北地区第一所高等政法院校(1958-1962)1958年8月,经陕西省人民委员会批准,西北大学法律系调入中央政法干部学校西北分校,成立西安政法学院。
(6)西安政治经济学院(1962-1963)、西北政法学院(1963-2006)1962年,西安政法学院、陕西财贸学院合并为西安政治经济学院。
1963年8月,国务院作出把西安政治经济学院分为西北政法学院和西北财经学院(陕西财经学院)的决定。
同年9月1日,西安政法学院正式更名为西北政法学院,由最高人民法院主管。
到“文革”前,成为全国著名的四所高等政法院校之一。
“文革”期间,学院惨遭破坏,直至1972年撤销。
在极端困难的条件下,广大教职员工仍然忠于人民教育事业,努力履行本职工作,向社会输送了693名本科生。
陕西省教育主管部门将学院教师安置在部分高等院西安政法学院首届学生在校门前合影校,保存了师资力量,为学院的复办储备了师资队伍。
1978年8月国务院批准西北政法学院在原校址复办。
1979年开始招生,由最高人民法院主管。
1980年以后划归司法部主管。
90年代末,学院形成法学为主、多学科、多层次协调发展的办学体系。
(7)西北政法大学(2006年11月至今)2006年11月,经教育部批准,西北政法学院正式更名为西北政法大学。
2007年,西北政法大学“法学人才培养模式创新实验区”获教育部批准,成为首批国家级本科人才培养模式创新实验区。
同时,被确定为陕西省省级法学人才培养模式创新实验区。
2010年5月,西北政法大学与中国政法大学、西南政法大学、华东政法大学、中南财经政法大学成立中国法学教育的核心院校合作联盟,即“立格联盟”。
2011年,成为“服务国家特殊需求博士人才培养项目”30家院校之一,取得法学一级学科博士学位授予权。
[1]2012年,成为教育部确定的“卓越法律人才”八十所高校培养基地之西北政法大学雁塔校区一,即“应用型、复合型法律职业人才教育培养基地”、“涉外法律人才教育培养”基地和“西部基层法律人才教育培养基地”,在全国仅五所“立格联盟”成员高校同时拥有这三个基地。
[3]2014年西北政法大学与陕西警官职业学院联合培养本科层次公安专业人才。
采用“3+1”模式,第一年在西北政法大学,后三年在陕西警官职业学院。
联合培养专业为侦查学、治安学两个专业,每个专业100个学生。
[4]2办学条件编辑硬件设施学校建有法律实务、物证技术、现代传播、经济管理等6个实验实训中心,16个专业与基础实验室、72个实习基地、教学仪器设备总值达6000余万元。
雁塔、长安校区各有一个图书馆,馆藏图书180余万册,中外文报刊3000余种,并建有20余个资源丰富的数字图书平台。
计算机网络实现了两校区千兆光纤互联,建成了集教学、科研、管理为一体的虚拟校园网络。
法律诊所西北政法大学是国内首家自主开展诊所式法律教育的高等院校,并形成了独特的“西北模式”,成为西北政法大学实践教学改革的亮点。
2000年9月,学校与美国福特基金会合作实施“法律诊所”教育模式,西北政法大学法律诊所成为全国九大法律诊所之一,“诊所式教育”成为西北政法大学本科教学的一大特色[5] 对外交流学校坚持走开放式的办学道路,积极拓展本科生国际交流途径,鼓励学生走出国门,开拓国际视野。
学校与美国、英国、德国、法国、澳大利亚、俄罗斯等国家和地区的40多所著名大学建立了稳定的校际关系,积极开展教师互访、学生交换、项目合作、举办学术会议等多种形式的交流与合作活动,与美国福特海斯大学、北阿拉巴马州立大学、澳大利亚莫道克大学分别合作实施了3+1本科双学士学位项目、1+1硕士研究生教育项目、2+1+1本科生培养项目,与韩国全北大学、庆尚大学、韩南大学等7所大学建立了学生互派交流机制。
[6]师资力量资深教授赵馥洁西北政法大学现有教职工1300余人,其中专任教师874名,具有高级职称的教师465名,博士生导师22名,享受政府特殊津贴的专家16人,先后有60余人分别获得全国十大杰出青年法学家、司法部优秀教师、陕西省教学名师、陕西省师德标兵、陕西省十大杰出青年、陕西省新长征突击手等荣誉。
90多人担任全国及省级学术团队的会长、副会长。
2012年9月26日,西北政法大学杨永华教授被授予“全国杰出资深法学家”称号,“全国杰出资深法学家”是新中国成立以来首次评选。
[7]院系设置西北政法大学哲学与社会发展学院西北政法大学马克思主义教育研究院西北政法大学司法官教育学院西北政法大学刑事法学院西北政法大学民商法学院西北政法大学经济法学院西北政法大学行政法学院西北政法大学国际法学院西北政法大学政治与公共管理学院西北政法大学公安学院西北政法大学外国语学院西北政法大学新闻传播学院西北政法大学法律硕士教育学院西北政法大学经济学院西北政法大学继续教育学院(高职)[1]西北政法大学商学院学科建设国家级特色专业哲学侦查学新闻学国家级精品课程刑法学劳动与社会保障法学国家级双语教学示范课国际贸易法司法部重点学科法学理论法律史学刑法学经济法学陕西省名牌专业法学陕西省特色专业法学行政管理英语治安学市场营销陕西省重点学科马克思主义哲学政治经济学法学理论法律史宪法学与行政法学民商法学经济法学刑法学诉讼法学国际法学国家级科研基地法律实务与实训中心法学人才培养模式创新实验区中国刑事辩护律师培训中心中国西部涉外法律人才教育培养与科研创新基地陕西省重点科研基地西北政法大学司法鉴定中心(西北地区第一、司法部八大司法鉴定中心之一)刑事法律科学研究中心国际法研究中心中国革命根据地法制研究中心中国商业法学会房地产法学研究会陕西省干部教育培训西北政法大学基地陕西妇女/性别研究与培训西北政法大学基地法制新闻研究中心动物保护法研究中心行政法援助中心劳动法诊所陕西省法学会各个部门法研究会学位授予博士学位授权点服务国家特殊需求博士人才培养项目服务西北地区稳定发展与国家安全高级法律人才培养项目联合培养博士点(与吉林大学合作)法学理论(王健教授)法律史学(汪世荣、闫晓君教授)刑法学(贾宇、冯卫国教授)国际法学(王瀚教授)(与西南政法大学合作)法律史学(王健教授)刑法学(王政勋教授)劳动与社会保障法学(郭捷教授)国际法学(王瀚教授)一级学科硕士学位授权点5个法学哲学理论经济学新闻传播学公共管理学二级学科硕士学位授权点35个此处省略专业硕士4个法律硕士新闻传播国际商务翻译[8]本科专业25个法学等[6]3学术研究编辑科研机构学校设有法学研究所、马克思主义研究所、高教研究所3个专业研究所,70多个学术研究机构,建有刑法学、国际法学2个陕西(高校)哲学社会科学重点研究基地。