年产5万吨甲醛装置初步工艺设计

摘要

本设计为年产5万吨37.2%甲醛水溶液的生产工艺初步设计，本设计采用银催化法工艺，根据设计要求对工艺流程进行了选择与论证，对整个装置进行了物料与能量的衡算，对主要设备和管道进行了设计及选型，同时对本装置的安全生产与“三废”治理作了相关讨论并进行经济的初步核算。

本设计配有设计说明书一本，附图3张。说明书包括1：绪论；2：合成方法及生产技术比较；3：工艺流程介绍；4：物料衡算；5：能量衡算；6：设备工艺计算；7：安全与“三废”处理；8：技术经济初步评估。图纸包括：1带控制点的工艺管道及工艺流程图；2 装置平面图；3 装置立面图。

关键词：甲醛；甲醇；氧化；工艺；电解银

ABSTRACT

The design is primary for the manufacturing process of formaldehyde 50000 tons per year,and adopts Ag as catalyst. According to the design,the craft production way of formaldehyde was selected and the technology was investiged.The main equipments and pipes were designed or selected.At the same time,safely producing and dealing with“three waste”were argued and technology economic was originally estimated.

This design is equipped with a design specification, attached figure 3. Instruction includes 1: introduction; 2: the synthetic method and production technology; 3: the process flow is introduced; 4: material balance; 5: energy balance; 6: equipment process calculation; 7: security and "three wastes" treatment; 8: preliminary assessment technology economy. The diagram include:1.The pipeline of the device and process flow sheet with controlled piot.2.Plane figure of the device.3.The blueprints of factory.

Key words:formaldehyde;Methanol;Oxidation;Technology;Electrolysis Silver

目录

第一章绪论 ...................................................................................................... - 5 -

1.1我国甲醛工业的发展过程.......................................................................................................................... - 5 -1.1.1 起步阶段 .............................................................................................................................................. - 5 -1.1.2 发展阶段 .............................................................................................................................................. - 5 -1.1.3 快速增长阶段 ...................................................................................................................................... - 5 -

1.2 我国甲醛工业的现状.................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1.

2.1 生产工艺 .............................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1.2.2 生产能力和产量 .................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1.2.3 技术指标 .............................................................................................................................................. - 6 -

1. 3 影响我国甲醛价格的主要因素................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.3.1 生产成本 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.3.2 下游需求状况 ...................................................................................................................................... - 7 -1.3.3 地区差异 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -

1.4 产品说明 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 7 -1.4.1 产品名称 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.4.2 产品性质 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -

1.5 产品用途 ................................................................................................................................................... - 10 -

1.6 原材料说明................................................................................................................................................ - 10 -1.6.1物理性质 ............................................................................................................................................. - 10 -1.6.2 化学性质 ............................................................................................................................................ - 10 -

1.7 甲醛工业的发展趋势................................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.1 改进催化剂的性能 ............................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.2 高浓度甲醛工艺发展趋势 ................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.3 设备集约化 ........................................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.4 规模大型化 ........................................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.5 产品简介 ............................................................................................................................................ - 12 -

1.8 甲醛的主要技术指标................................................................................................................................ - 12 -第二章合成方法及生产技术比较........................................................................ - 13 -

2.1 甲醛的合成方法........................................................................................................................................ - 13 -2.1.1 银催化剂法 ........................................................................................................................................ - 13 -2.1.2铁钼催化剂法 ..................................................................................................................................... - 13 -