初中英语词类讲解

英语词类讲解

10种英语词类

6种英语实词（有实义）：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词

4种英语虚词：冠词、介词、连词和感叹词

6种英语实词

1.名词（noun，缩写式为n）

普通名词(common noun): 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。luggage, success, traffic

专有名词(proper noun):是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。

Tom, China, A Tale of Two Cities, March, Saturday

可数性：可数名词（countable nouns)& 不可数名词（uncountable nouns)

①冠词的使用

②单复数s/es

③谓语动词的搭配

*集合类名词：council ，government，group，jury, team, family

名词的功能:

1．主语：The bags are in the desk.

2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday.

3．表语：This is a good book.

4．宾语补足语: We selected him our monitor.

5．介词宾语: Mary lives with her parents.

6．定语：She is a Party member. women doctors 。meeting rooms

2. 动词（verb）

分类：实义动词（行为动词），连系动词，助动词，情态动词

基本形式：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词

（1）实义动词：

及物动词（transitive verb ）：

He's reading a magazine. 他正在读一本杂志。（单宾语）

Mr Zhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。（双宾语：us是间接宾语，English 是直接宾语）

不及物动词（intransitive verb ）:The sun rises. He works hard.

（2）连系动词：

be动词(is, am, are, was, were, have/has been)

感官系动词（feel，smell，taste，look，sound）：后面一般加形容词

变化系动词（become, get, grow, turn）：后面一般加形容词

（3）助动词：

最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

1) 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用

2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，

a. 表示时态，He has got married.

b. 表示语态，He was sent to England.

c. 构成疑问句，Do you like college life?

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，I don't like him.

e. 加强语气，He did know that.

（4）情态动词: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。

must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), need, dare, have (had, has) to, used to

①只做情态动词：

must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would)

②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：

need, dare

③具有情态动词特征：

have (had, has) to, used to

3. 形容词（adjective,adj）

用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词

以-able, -al, -ful, -ish, -less, -ous, -y等后缀结尾的词

功能：

1.定语：The high price surprised him.

She told us something interesting.(后置定语）

enough food, beautiful enough

2.表语: The sun was hot.

3.补语: They find the book quite interesting.

4.主语或宾语: The rich like living in the countryside.

5.状语：Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. （= Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.

用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词

以-able, -al, -ful, -ish, -less, -ous, -y等后缀结尾的词

-ed 人的感受：

tired, tiring; amazed, amazing; fascinated, fascinating;

I was amazed at the variety of wonderful animals.

-ing 引发情感的事物或人：

It’s an absolutely amazing city to visit.

Exercise 1: -ed, -ing：

1.I was really_____ (please) when I opened my present because it was just what I wanted.