题目-西方文化概论简介练习答案

1.The term Western world, the West or the Occident can have multiple meanings dependenton its context. Some historians believe the West originated in the northern and eastern Mediterranean with _____ancient Greece_______ and _Ancient Rome___________. Over time, their associated empires grew first to the east and south, conquering and absorbing many older great civilizations; later, they grew to the north and west to include_Western Europe___________.2.Since the Renaissance, the West evolved beyond the influence of the ancient Greeks,Romans and Muslims due to the_commercial___________, Scientific, and _industrial revolution___________, and the expansion of the ___christian_________ peoples of Western European empires, and particularly the globe-spanning empires of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Since the____age of discovery________ and _columbus___________, the notion of the West expanded to include _the Americas___________, though much of the Americas have considerable pre-Western cultural influence. __Australia__________ and _New Zealand___________ are considered part of Western culture due to their former status as _settler colonies ___________of Western Christian nations.3.In the current political or economic context the term the "West" often includes developed___oriental_________ nations in Asia, such as Israel, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and South Korea, that additionally have strong political and military ties to Western Europe, NATO or the United States.4.Western culture or Western civilization is a term used to generally refer to most of thecultures of __European__________ origin and most of their descendants. It comprises the broad, geographically based, heritage of __social norms__________, __ethical values__________, __traditional custo ms__________ (such as religious beliefs) and specific artifacts and technologies as shared within the Western sphere of influence.5.The origins of Western culture are often referred to as "three pillars": __ ancientGreece__________ (concretely Greek philosophy) ；the ancient Rome____________ (specifically Roman law)；Catholic____________ and Protestant Christianity____________.1.Christianity is a ____ monotheistic _神论________ religion centered on the life and teachings of __ Jesus___________ as presented in the New Testament.2.Adherents of Christianity, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the only begotten _ Son of God____________ and __ the Messiah ___________ (Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible.3.Christian theology claims that Jesus Christ is a__ a teacher ___________, the model of a __ virtuous life___________, the _revealer __启示者__________of God, as well as an _incarnation 化身____________of God, and most importantly _ the savior 救世主____________ of humanity who suffered, died, and was resurrected to bring about salvation from __ sin ___________.4.Christians maintain that Jesus ascended into heaven, and most denominations教派teach that Jesus willreturn to judge __ the living ___________ and _ the dead ____________, granting everlasting 来世life to his _ followers ____________.5.Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the Gospel福音，真理_____________.6.Like Judaism and Islam, Christianity is classified as an __ Abrahamic _亚伯拉罕__________ religion.7.Christianity began as a _ Jewish ___________sect in the eastern Mediterranean, quickly grew in size andinfluence over a few decades, and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire.8.Following the Age of Discovery, through_missionary work __传教士__________and __colonization___________, Christianity spread to the Americas and the rest of the world.9.Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization at least since the __4th___________ century.10.As of the early 21st century, Christianity has between 1.5 billion and 2.1 billion adherents, representing about_ a quarter to a third of ____________the world's population and is the world's largest religion.11.Most Christian groups see God as the __ eternal being ___________ who created the _universe____________ and all there is _____________.12.God is usually held to have the properties of _ holiness ____________, _ justice __________, omnipotence万能_____________, omniscience, omnibenevolence, omnipresence and __ immortality ___________.13.God is believed to be transcendent, meaning that he is outside space and outside _ time ____________, andtherefore eternal and unable to be changed by earthly forces or anything else within his creation.14.The account of Adam and Eve is in the Book of _ Genesis ____创世纪________.15.Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil_____________, which gave them the ability to judge and know good from evil for themselves.16.In Christian theology, the death of Jesus on the cross is the _ atonement 弥补，赎罪____________to the sinof Adam.17._Creeds ____________ (from Latin credo meaning " "I believe") are concise doctrinal statements orconfessions, usually of religious beliefs.18.Christians generally believe that Jesus is God incarnate and "true __ God ___________and true man_____________".19.According to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit _____________and born from the _ V irgin Mary ____________.20.In the Biblical narrative, Jesus' method of teaching involved parables __预言___________, __ metaphor__隐喻_________, __ allegory _______寓言________, _ sayings _____语录_______, ____ proverbs _________ and a small number of direct sermons ____布道_________.21.According to the New Testament Jesus was crucified, died a physical death, buried within a tomb, and rosefrom the dead ___ three __________ days later.22._ Salvation __拯救__________ is the belief that one can be saved (rescued) from sin and eternal death.23.The three principal traditions within Christianity are _Protestantism ____________, __ RomanCatholicism ___________ and _ Eastern Orthodoxy ____________.24._ Protestantism ____________is associated with the belief that the _ Bible ____________ is the final sourceof authority for Christians.25.The crucifixion _____________of Jesus is explained as an atoning sacrifice, which, in the words of theGospel of John, "takes away the sins of the world." One's reception of salvation is related to justification. 26.Trinity 三位一体refers to the teaching that the one God comprises three distinct, eternally co-existingpersons; the Father _____________, the Holy Spirit _____________, and ___ the Son __________.27.Christianity regards the Bible, a collection of canonical books in two parts: the Old Testament and the NewTestament, as authoritative. It is believed by Christians to have been written by __ human authors ___________under the inspiration of _ the Holy S pirit ____________, and therefore for many it is held to be the inerrant word of __ God ___________.28.The Old Testament is about _God and the laws of God__, and the New Testament is about ___thedocturment of Jewish__________. The Word “Testament” means “_ agreement____________”.29.The Torah, or "Instruction," is also known as the " _ "Five Books" ____________" of Moses: _ Genesis _创世纪___________, ___ Exodus __________, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.30.The Torah圣经旧约之首五卷contains the Ten commandments __十诫___________, of God, revealed atMount Sinai _____________.31.Jesus of Nazareth lived in ____奥古斯丁_________ during the reign of the first __罗马大帝___________Emperor Augustus.32.At the beginning Christianity was regarded as a rebellious and disintegrating movement and was subjected tofrequent ________迫害_____.33.Most Christians believe that human beings experience divine judgment and are rewarded either with eternaldamnation _下地狱____________or eternal ___ life __________.34.Christians believe that the second coming of Christ will occur at the end of time.35._second coming of Christ ____________ is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with what isbelieved to be the final events in the history of the world, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the world.mon English translations of the word amen阿门include: " __V erily ____真实_______", " __ Truly___________", " So be it _____________", and " _ Let it be ____________."37.The __ The Lord's Prayer _ or Our Father __________ (called Holy _ Communion _圣餐___________, orthe Lord's Supper _____________) is the part of liturgical worship that consists of a consecrated meal, usually _ bread ____________ and _ wine ____________.38.Prayer _____________is "the act of communicating with a deity or spirit in worship". Specific forms of thismay include _praise ____________, requesting __ guidance ___________ or assistance _____________, confessing ___ sins __________, as an act of reparation or an expression of one's thoughts and emotions. 39.In Christian belief and practice, a __ sacrament __圣礼_________ is a rite, instituted by Christ, that mediatesgrace, constituting a sacred mystery.40.In Christianity, __ baptism ___________is the ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted as afull member of the Christian Church.41.The ___ crucifix __________ is a cross with a representation of __ Jesus' body ___________, or corpus. It isa principal symbol of the Christian religion.42.From at least the _____4th________ century, Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping ofWestern civilization.43.Christianity may be broadly represented as being divided into five main groupings: _Roman Catholicism____________, _ Eastern Orthodoxy ____________, Oriental Orthodoxy, _ Protestantism ____________and Restorationism.复原主义。