必修3-unit5同位语从句

同位语从句
【教学内容】同位语从句
【教学目标】熟练掌握同位语从句
【教学重难点】引导词的使用、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
【教学过程】
* 什么是同位语从句：同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词称为先行词。

同位语从句在主句中的作用等同于先行词的作用。

Eg:The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.
这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。

析：The fact就等于we’ll go on a picnic,是对the fact 的解释说明。

▼同位语从句常修饰的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是含有抽象意义的名词。

常用的有：
●advice 建议●belief 信念、相信●doubt 怀疑
●explanation 解释●fear 害怕●fact事实
●hope 希望● idea 想法、主意●news 消息
●order 命令●opinion 观点●possibility 可能性
●promise 答应、诺言●problem 问题●question问题
●report 报道●reply答复●statement论断
●suggestion建议●thought想法●truth事实
●wish 愿望●warning 警告●word 消息
* 同位语从句的连接词的使用
►由that引导
Eg:①We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到我们队赢了。

②They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。

③The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。

►在某些名词，例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中should可以省略。

Eg:①The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the Chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

②They expressed the wish that she (should) accept the award.
他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

►由whether引导的同位语从句
Eg:①Answer my question whether he will come.你回答我的问题：你来不来。

②The question whether it is right or wrong depend on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。

【注意】* whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

* 名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；no doubt“不怀疑”后的同位语从句用that 连接。

如：
●We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

●There is no doubt that Li Wei will keep his promise.毫无疑问，李伟会信守承诺的。

►由连接代词what,which,who,whom引导的同位语从句
Eg:①Have you any idea what time it starts?你知道什么时候开始吗？
②The question who should the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

③I have no idea whom they are talking about.我不知道他们在谈论谁。

④I don’t know the question which pen is mine.我不知道哪支笔是我的。

►由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的同位语从句
Eg:①I have no idea when he will come.我不知道他什么时候回来。

②It is a question how he did it.问题是他怎么去做。

③He had no idea why she left.他不知道她为什么离开。

④I don’t know the question where the concert will be held.我不知道音乐会在哪里举行。

【随即随练】
一、用适当的连接词填空
1.But they forget the fact thatthey were not experienced.
2.I have no idea what is going on the day after tomorrow.
3.The question when/why/how/whether they will come back is very important.
4.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.
5.She asked me a question whether we will go swimming or not.
6.I do hope you can keep your promise that you will never be late again.
7.She asked me a questionwhere the meeting will be held.
8.I don’t know the reason whyhe was late for school.
9.The fact that the transport of the goods costs too much was not discussed.
10.He put forward the questionwhenthey will be back.
11.I don’t know the questionwhichbag is yours.
12.I have no ideawhocan finish the work.
13.The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
►同位语从句与定语从句的区别
*定语从句和同位语从句都是用来修饰名词的，因此也很容易混淆，以下从几个方面进行分析其区别：
◆从意义上来看：同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词的内容进行解释、补充说明；而定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。

Eg:→①I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实。

（that引导的同位语从句，从句对fact的内容进行说明）
→②I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。

（that引导定语从句，并在从句中作谓语动词的宾语，从句对fact进行限定）
◆从引导词来看：引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that 在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。

Eg:→①The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.昨天我们参观的是一家化工厂。

（that引导的定语从句，并在从句中作宾语）
→②The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。

（that引导的同位语从句，that只起连接从句的作用）
◆同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如
message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,question,order等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。

◆when,where,why引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别
When,where,why引导定语从句时，分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因，在从句中作状语，而同位语从句中when,where,why等在从句中有疑问意义而且前面的名词不是表示时间、地点、原因的。

Eg:→①I will remember the time when I won the prize in the National Maths Competition forever.
我将永远记着我在全国数学竞赛中获奖的那一刻。

（定语从句）
I have no idea when he won the prize in the National Maths Competition.
我不知道他是什么时候在全国数学竞赛中获奖的。

（同位语从句）
→②The question where we should go has not been discussed.
我们应当去哪里的问题还没有讨论。

（同位语从句）
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
这是两年前我们住的那个房子。

（定语从句）
→③Do you know the reason why he was late?你知道他为什么迟到了吗？（定语从句）
I have no idea why it happened.我不知道它为什么会发生。

（同位语从句)
→④You have no idea how worried I was.你不知道我是多么的担心。

（同位语从句）
* 关系词what,how,whether只能引导同位语从句，而不能引导定语从句。

判断定语从句和同位语从句的方法
凡是同位语从句，改为The fact/news/idea/order/truth/thought is /was……结构时，从语法及语意上都讲的通，而定语从句则不可。

Eg:①The news that our team won the game excited us all.(that引导的同位语从句）
→The news was that our team won the game excited us all..
②The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all..(that引导的定语从句）
→The news was that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.(误）
【牛刀小试】
判断并分析下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句
1.The news that he told me was that Chinese Men’ s Football Team had lost again. (定语从句）
2.The news that Chinese Men’ s Football Team had lost again was not surprising. (同位语从句）
3.I heard the news that the German flight crashed. (同位语从句）
4.This is the factory where I lived two years ago. (定语从句）
5.She put forward a question why he was late. (同位语从句）
6.The question who should do the work requires consideration. (同位语从句）
【随堂检测】
一、填入适当的连接词
1.Give me your promisethat you will come to our party this evening.
2.Wheredid you get the idea that I could not come?
3.The news that/which he told me yesterday is true.
4.She raised the question where/when/whether we could get the fund.
5.I have no ideawhy/whenshe quitted her present job.
6.The news that/which I got from you is true.
7.Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom?
8.This is the girl whom/who/that I met in the street..
9.The question came up at the meetingwhether we had enough money for our research.
st Sunday they reached Nanjing where a conference to be held.
11..I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.
12..It is still unknown which team will win the match.
13..I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.
14..I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with it.
15.The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.
16.We’ll graduate in July when we will be free.
二、完成句子。

1.The fact that he won the game (他赢得比赛）is amazing.
2.The rumor that there will be an earthquake (将要发生地震）soon spread all over the area.
3.She asked me a questionwho will be our new English teacher (谁将是我们的新英语老师）i
4.You have no idea how worried I was then (我当时有多急）.
5.The question whether the six American teachers will go tomorrow (六位美国老师明天是否要走）hasn’t been settled.
6.She put forward the question where the party will be held .(聚会将在哪里举行）.
【易混淆单词】
一、People say it is Canada’ s most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
人们说它（温哥华）是加拿大最美丽的城市，被群山和太平洋环抱。

* surrounded vt. 包围；围绕
surround ....with....用……包围……
►搭配
be surrounded by/with 被……包围
Eg:The police surrounded the house.=The house was surrounded by the police.
警察包围了这座房子。

She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.
她周围总有喜欢赶时髦的朋友。

【活学活用】
在横线处填入适当的词
1.What impressed me in the Greece was that the oceanssurroundingthe island were deep blue.
2.As they had been surrounded by our army for a week, the army had no choice but to surrender(投降).
二、That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.
那天下午，表姐妹俩才登上火车落了座。

* aboard (1)prep. 上船（飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
Eg:①go aboard a ship (plane, train,bus,etc.)上船（飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
②They finally went aboard the plane.他们终于登上了飞机。

go aboard=go on board 上船（飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
►搭配All aboard! 请大家上船（飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
Welcome aboard. 欢迎搭乘。

Eg:①Everybody aboard was worried.飞机上的人都很着急。

②“Welcome aboard,”said the flight attendant.乘务员说：“欢迎乘坐。

”
* 辨析aboard,abroad,broad与board
【随即随练】
在横线处填入适当的词
1.The ship set sail after all the crew came onboard.
2.The hijacked airplane crashed into the tower,killing all the passengers and crew membersaboard.
三、Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains,they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
那天早些时候，当她们穿过落基山脉时，她们设法看到了一些野山羊，甚至还看到了一只灰熊和一只鹰。

* Manger v.(1)设法做成；成功应付
manage to do 设法做成某事
►搭配
manage it 设法做到
Eg:①I don’t think I can manage a long walk today.我想我今天走不远。

②Did you manage to get any sleep on the plane?你在飞机上睡点觉了吗？
（2）能解决（问题）；应付（困难的局面等）
manage with
►搭配
manage without
Eg: ①How on earth did you manage without a phone?没有电话你究竟是怎么解决的？
②Can you manage with all those bags?你拿得动所有那些包吗？
（3）管理；经营；负责
Eg: ①He manages the family business.他管理着那个家族企业。

②John manages a staff of six employee.约翰管理着六名雇员。

（4）凑合着活下去；支撑
►搭配manage on sth.
Eg:I don’t know how he manage on what he earns.我不知道他是怎么样仅靠他挣得的那点儿钱生活的。

辨析manage to do sth.,try to do sth.,与try doing sth.
【牛刀小试】
在下列横线处填入适当的词
1.Despite all the troubles, she managed to get the chicken into the stove.
2.Though we left home very late,wemanaged to catch the last train.
3.He tried to finish the work ahead of time.
4.Why not try going by boat for a change?
【课后练习】
一、单项选择
1.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities; this is the information B has been put forward.
A.what
B.that
C.when
D.as
2.Lily has some idea A she ‘s going to be when she grows up.
A.what
B.that
C.as
D.which
3.The news A I got from you is not true, but the newshe has been promoted is true.
A./;that
B.that;/
C.that;which
D.that;who
4.Sam kept his promise B he would do anything he could for Lucy to make a sure of her happiness.
A.why
B.that
C.what
D.whether
5.There is much chance A Bill will never recover from his injury for the race.
A.that
B.which
C.until
D.if
6.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month A we set at the beginning of the year.
A.which
B.where
C.when
D.what
7. C he told us is the newsChina has got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games, ,of course, made us feel very excited.
A.What;which;which
B.That;that;which
C.What;that;which
D.That;that;what
8.There is little doubt D our team will beat yours.
A.which
B.whether
C.if
D.that
9.Do you have any idea C his cousin will go abroad for further study or not?
A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.why
rmation has been put forward B more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A.while
B.that
C.when
D.as
11.Is this the reason A he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A.that
B.what
C.how
D.why
12.Galileo collected the facts D proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that
B.which
C./
D.A and B
13.Galileo discovered the fact A the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that
B.which
C./
D.A and B
14.We should consider the students’ request A the school library more books on popular science.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
15.Is there any possibility B you could pick me up at the airport?
A.when
B.that
C.whether
D.what
二、完成句子
1. I made a suggestionthat the meeting (should) be put off.(推迟会议）
2. Our teacher gave us some advicehow we (should) use the computer.（如何使用电脑）
3. We have no idea at allwhere he has gone.（他去哪儿了）
4. We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.（他们是否能准时完成任务）
5. Give me your promise that you will come to our party tomorrow.（明天来参加我们的聚会）。