Para 1 基本原理 (1)
Unit 1 Reading and thinking 课文知识点详解(教学课件)-高中英语
4. _h_o_p_e__t_o_d_o__st_h_.__________
希望做某事
5. _b__e_f_l_u_e_n_t______________
说得流利
6. _g_r_a_d_u_a_t_e_______________
v.毕业
7.re_c_o_m__m__en__d_e_d_t_h_a_t_s_b_._s_h_o_u_ld do sth建. 议某人做某事
Para. 2 (长难句分析)
1. First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. 首先，我必须非常仔细地考虑我想上哪些课程。
1. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.
找到做某事的方法
7. on my own
靠自己
Para. 3 (语言点巩固）
8. so that 9. make the team 10.joined a volunteer club 11. instead 12.at a soup kitchen 13. hand out 14. homeless people 15.in the community
因为我喜欢英语而且成绩不错，我的指导老师建议 我选修高级文学。
recommend that sb. should do sth remmond sb. to do sth.
1. 他的英语老师建议他多做听力和阅读。 His English teacher recommend he _s_h_o_u_ld__ _d_o__ more
Lesson 1
2. Paul Moritz Warburg (August 10, 1868 January 24, 1932) was a jewish GermanAmerican banker and early advocate of the U.S Federal Reserve system. The Paul M. Warburg chair in Economics at Harvard university was named in his honour, a title which is currently held by Professor Robert J. Barro.
An influential Canadian-American economist A Keynesian An institutionalist A leading proponent of 20th-century American liberalism progressivism
The fifth solution (more vague denial of poverty) --Public assistance to the poor interfered with the effective operation of the economic system—that such assistance was inconsistent with the economic design that had come to serve most people very well.
What is the essence of the first design? The essence of the first design is to take away the responsibility to aid the poor from the government and to put an end to the social welfare policies since the New Deal.
Unit+5+Reading+and+Thinking高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册+
While-reading Read the text to know more.
Read for main idea.
Part 1 Para 1
The Chinese writing system
Part 2 Para 2-3
Topic History
Part 3 Para 4-6
Importance
6). Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. (Para. 6)
Write down what happened at each of those important times.
What other functions does the Chinese writing system have? Give the evidence.
Connect people with culture; Connect characters/language with art; Connect China with the world.
Para 4: The writing system began to develop in one direction. Para 5: Written Chinese connects China’s present with its past,
and has become an art form. Para 6: The Chinese language is helping to spread China’s
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
人大芸窗研究生英语阅读教程Lesson 1讲解
Warm-up Questions
1. Do you think British Petroleum is the victim of an unfortunate accident, or did the company fail in the management of potential risks? 2. At the time of maximizing profits, what should a responsible company do?
3. What are the challenges in developing economy without harming the environment?
14
Main Idea
Humans often participate in very risky behavior, particularly if events are extremely rare, the rewards are large and the consequences seem to be small. The author begins with two examples of risky behaviors that resulted in serious unexpected consequences: 1) A major undersea oil spill in 2010. 2) The collapse of the U.S. financial markets in 2009. In the first
●回想起来，我们本应该为学校多节约些钱。 In retrospect, we should have saved more money for college.
大学英语读写(一)翻译考查范围
《大学英语读写（一）》考查翻译的内容Unit 1 para. 4Who am I, and where do I belong?As college students, we bounce back and forth between home and school, but most of us won't be living at either of those places in a couple of years.We'll be creating new lives for ourselves, working in places we did not expect to be in,adjusting to the rhythm of life in other places with other people.我是谁？我属于哪里？作为大学生，我们在学校和家之间来回奔波，但是我们大多数人在几年之后都不会在这两个地方居住。
我们将会为自己开创新的生活，在我们未曾想到过的地方工作，在不同的地方与不同的人打交道，并相应地不断调整自己的生活节奏。
Unit 2 para.1English is the most widely spoken language in the history of our planet, used in some way by at least one out of every seven human beings around the world.English has acquired the largest vocabulary of all the world's languages, perhaps as many as two million words.However, it is now time to face the fact that English is a crazy language– perhaps the most crazy of all languages.英语是地球历史上使用最广泛的语言。
para词根
para词根
para的意思是：对位
复数形式：paras
当para作为词根的常见用法有3种：
1、表示在旁边：
paradigm范例，样式，模范；词形变化表。
paradox反论，悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事；[物]佯谬。
paragon模范；典型；十全十美的人；完美无缺的人。
paralogism谬论。
2、表示半，类似，辅助
parapolitical准政治性的。
parastatal半国营的；半国营集团；在旁边。
3、表示降落伞
parachute降落伞；降落伞状物；[植]风散种子；用降落伞投送；用降落伞降落；跳伞。
paradrop利用降落伞空投；空投补给；跳伞。
扩展学习：
前缀para-来源于拉丁语，前缀para-原是一个希腊介词，它主要与希腊语源的词根相结合，一般构成名词，其基本意思是“beside （旁），near（近）。
”，par-是para-的异体，它只出现在元音字母或h的词根之前。
para-与少量的单词相缀合，这时，其意思相当于related to（有关），supplementary to（辅助），subordinate to（副）等。
含有前缀para-的单词多是科技术语。
除了有“beside”意思外，同时还有大部分前缀所共有的“intensive”的含义。
新视野大学英语读写教程Unit-1-教案(含答案和译文)
教案Unit OneSection A1.Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Yourachievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。
在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。
1 Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents andteachers. (Para. 1)Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents’ and teachers’ hard work.2 Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding aspossible. (Para. 1)Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible.rewarding: a. giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit 值得的；有意义的；有回报的Our journey to the orphanage was a very rewarding experience. 我们的孤儿院之行非常有意义。
昆虫分类学基础知识(一)
昆虫分类学基础知识(一)昆虫分类学基础知识（一）昆虫分类学基础知识昆虫是自然界中最昌盛的动物类群，其种类及数量极多。
据报道，全世界现有昆虫1000万种，已描述的昆虫种类约110万种，约占整个已知动物种类总数的60%以上，同时每年仍以7000种的速度增加。
我国地域辽阔，环境复杂多样，生货物源极为丰富，是世界上昆虫种类最多的国家之一。
据报道，我国的昆虫种类约占世界昆虫种类的1/10，按那个比率，我国昆虫种类应超过100万种，可是我国目前已记载鉴定的昆虫种类别超过8万种，还有更多的昆虫尚未被发觉和开辟，而且，有很多种类在未被我们认识之前就已灭绝。
所以，查清自然界昆虫资源及区系是当代科学上一项重要的内容和任务。
在这方面，我国的任务尤为繁重。
昆虫别仅种类繁多，数量庞大，而且分布范围之广也是惊人的，地球上的每个角降几乎都有它们的踪迹，其中有非常多种类与人类有着极为紧密的利害关系。
人类在生产活动和科学实验中，别但有许多害虫和益虫要认识，而且有许多在生产上迫切需要解决的近似种类或易混淆的种类要区不。
昆虫分类学（insect taxonomy）是昆虫学（entomology）的一具分支学科，是研究昆虫种的鉴定（identification）、分类（classification）和系统发育（phylogeny）的科学。
在数以百万计的昆虫种类中，存在着血缘的远近和亲疏关系。
亲缘关系越近，其形态特征和对环境的要求、日子习性以及发生进展规律也愈相近。
而昆虫分类算是在这种亲缘关系的基础上，运用“分析、比较、综合、归纳”的科学办法，对地质年代中的化石昆虫与现存的昆虫种类之间，现存昆虫彼此之间以及近缘生物间举行对照研究，以了解种与种、类与类间的异同，反映别同类型昆虫间的亲缘关系，进而阐明昆虫的起源和进化，以及各类昆虫的系统发生，探讨种及种群的形成与变异，从而建立一具客观完整的分类系统来反映自然谱系的一门基础学科，其最后的目标是建立一具高度预见性的分类系统和丰富的信息存取系统，为人类开辟和利用益虫（包括资源昆虫及天敌昆虫），测报及操纵害虫，提供基础理论知识和科学依据。
parylation parpi机制
parylation parpi机制Parylation（可能是一个拼写错误，应该是“Parylation”，但目前在科学文献中并没有广泛认可的这个术语）和PARP（Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase，聚ADP核糖聚合酶）机制通常与细胞内的DNA损伤修复和细胞死亡等生物学过程紧密相关。
这里，我们主要讨论PARP及其相关的PARylation（聚ADP核糖基化）机制。
PARP是一类在真核生物中广泛存在的酶，它们能够催化ADP-核糖单元从NAD+（烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸）转移到靶蛋白上，形成聚ADP核糖链（PAR），这个过程被称为PARylation。
这种修饰是一种可逆的、动态的蛋白质翻译后修饰，能够迅速改变蛋白质的功能和定位。
在DNA损伤修复中，PARP通过PARylation修饰自身和其他修复因子，促进它们招募到DNA损伤位点，从而启动和调控DNA修复过程。
此外，PARP还通过PARylation参与染色质重塑、基因表达调控和细胞信号转导等多个生物学过程。
当DNA损伤过于严重无法修复时，PARP会过度激活，导致细胞内NAD+和ATP的耗竭，最终引发细胞死亡，这种死亡方式被称为PARP依赖性细胞死亡（Parthanatos）。
因此，PARP 和PARylation机制在维持基因组稳定性和细胞存活中起着至关重要的作用。
近年来，PARP抑制剂作为一类新型的抗癌药物受到了广泛关注。
它们通过抑制PARP的酶活性，阻断DNA损伤修复过程，从而选择性地杀死癌细胞。
这类药物在治疗某些类型的癌症中展现出了良好的疗效和安全性，为癌症治疗提供了新的策略和方法。
总之，PARP和PARylation机制在细胞生物学和医学领域具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。
未来随着对这一机制的深入研究和理解，我们有望开发出更加高效和安全的癌症治疗药物和方法。
（注：由于“Parylation”这个术语并不常见且可能是拼写错误，我在回答中将其解释为“PARylation”，即聚ADP核糖基化。
pollardp-1算法
pollardp-1算法Pollard p-1 算法是一种用于分解大质数的算法，由约翰·波拉德于1974年提出。
这个算法是一种通过使用费马小定理和多次使用其变体来寻找大质数的因子的有效方法。
在介绍该算法之前，我们先来回顾一下费马小定理。
费马小定理表明，如果 p 是一个质数，a 是不可被 p 整除的任意整数，则 a^(p-1) ≡ 1 (mod p)。
换句话说，如果我们对一个数 a 连续乘以自己 p-1 次，然后对 p 取模，结果将得到 1、这个定理的一个重要推论是，如果我们选取一个随机数 a，然后计算 a^(n-1) mod n，如果结果不为 1，则 n 不是质数。
基本思想：1.选择一个合适的将要作为因子的数B。
小的B可以更快地找到因子，但是大的B可能找到较大的因子。
2.选择一个合适的初始数a。
这个数不能有公因子与N，因此我们通常会选择一个相对较小的数。
3.对a^(B!)-1求模n，得到p-1的一个倍数。
4.如果得到的结果不是0，则我们得到的结果可能是N的一个因子，我们可以计算这个结果的最大公约数并找到一个因子。
5.重复步骤3和4直到不能再得到因子。
5.我们继续重复以上步骤直到不能再找到因子。
需要注意的是，选择适当的B值对算法的效率起着至关重要的作用。
一个太小的B值可能导致算法无法找到任何因子，而一个太大的B值可能会使算法变得非常缓慢。
因此，通常需要根据具体的情况来选择适当的B 值。
Pollard p-1 算法是一种相对简单但有效的分解大质数的方法。
它利用费马小定理及其变体来寻找质因子，因此在一定程度上可以避免对大数进行全面的质因数分解。
通过适当选择参数 B 和 a，我们可以在相对较短的时间内找到质因子，从而加快分解过程。
尽管该算法的效率还是受到限制，但它仍然是一种受欢迎的质因数分解方法之一。
阅读教程(一)Unit 1
Division of the Text
Part 1: Para.1
the important role a family plays on a child
How should parents do to become the most prominent and active figures in their children’s lives. a closing paragraph in which George W. Bush signed his name to claim that what he said was true.
Part 2: Para.2-4
Part 3: Para.5-6
Unit 1
Language Points
Para. 1 compassionate adj.（怜悯的，有同情心 的） ▲ compassionate leave Syn.: sympathetic Derivation: compassion n. ▲ arouse / demonstrate / display / show / feel / excite / have / take compassion deep / profound / strong / great compassion compassionately adv.
Unit 1
Parents and Children
By Xu Jing
Quotations
Children will not remember you for the material things you provided but for the feeling that you cherished them. --- Richard L. Evans What is important to a child is not the material things that he/she is given, but the feelings of being loved. Parental love will accompany a child for the rest of his/her life.
现代大学英语精读2paraphrase1（宝典）
Paraphrases Contemporary English Book II Lesson 1 ... I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1) ... I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City. goto 2 to have just come from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from college I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2) Subjunctive mood: I didn't point it out in fact. go to 3 I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university. to intend to do sth. to indicate, register, or show Here the word education is used in a broad sense, which involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind. go to 4 That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education. (Para. 2) What is the difference between training and education, according to the writer? Training is preparation for a job, or a career, such as the training in a certain skill. Education, on the other hand, is learning to develop one's mental and moral powers. "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours." (Para.4) to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower More examples: Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. The restaurant's monthly profits averaged out at 30% last year. go to 5 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5) go to 6 You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you're a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn't get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client. In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family-wife and children. Noun clause, used as predicative go to 7 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5) I hope that your income will always be enough. go to 8 They will be your income, and may it always suffice. (Para. 5) Inverted sentence, used in a blessing. e.g. May they live long! go to 9 "I hope you make a lot of it, " I told him, "because you're going to be badly stuck for something to do when you're not signing checks." (Para. 8) Notice the sarcastic tone of the writer. If you don't have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it. not to know what to do in a particular situation More examples: You've no business telling me what to do. She has no business reading your mail. go to 10 If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history-then you have no business being in college. (Para. 9) to have no right to do sth., shouldn't have been/be doing sth. If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn't regard those great people's minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can't be a developed human. go to 11 If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12) "too... to..."structure object of the verb "accept" ... when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. (Para. 14) "except" used as a conjunctive, introducing an adverbial clause The end of Sentence Paraphrase. both as specialists and as humans: as persons who have specialized and are trained in a certain subject or skill and as civilized creatures and thinking animals Lesson 2 11 Not that we didn't have our troubles. (Para. 5) When I say the year I got Maheegun was the happiest year of my life, I don't mean that Maheegun never caused troubles. although it is not true that... e.g. She loved music but seldom went to concerts-not that she couldn't afford to. To be continued on the next page. Maheegun would poke his head around the corner, waiting for things to quiet down. (Para. 5) would + v.: a past habit (At such times) he would move and stay somewhere out of Grandma's sight, and wait until her anger died down. 22 To be continued on the next page. And in the fall, after the first snow our games took us to the nearest meadows in search of field mice. (Para. 6) 33 When it was getting cold, and there were no more grasshoppers, we had to go the nearest meadow to hunt field mice. to make sb./sth. go from one level, or situation to another, e.g. His job as a UN official took him to over sixty countries. To be continued on the next page. It all served to fog my mind with pleasure so that I forgot my Grandpa's repeated warnings, and one night left Maheegun unchained. (Para. 8) to have a particular effect or result, e.g. The blanket could serve to keep the rain out for a while. 44 Figurative, to confuse or hide Objective complement To be continued on the next page. On top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears pointed, alert, listening. (Para. 11) Absolute construction that describes the state the wolf was in sitting on the rock. The clear figureof a big wolf was sitting without moving on the top of the rock. His ears were raised and he seemed to be listening to something. 55 To be continued on the next page. Everything in the snow-covered wildness seemed to be aroused/stirred by the passionate cry of Maheegun. 66 to feel excited at sth. To be continued on the next page. The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry. (Para. 14) "He will take her for life, hunt for her, protect her. This is the way the Creator planned life. No man can change it." (Para. 16) Cultural Note: According to the first part of the Bible, God created the world and everything in it in six days, and on the seventh day God rested. When God made human beings, he made a man called Adam out of the earth, and then made a woman called Eve out of Adam's ribs (one of the curved bones that surround your chest). God assigned different roles to Adam and Eve-the first man and woman, Adams role being to take care of Eve, provide for her and protect her, and also to guide her. God created living creatures in the same way. 77 all ones' life God To be continued on the next page. There was only one thing to do. Camp for the night and hope that by morning the storm would have blown itself out. (Para. 25) I knew that it was dangerous to move on in the blinding snow, and that the only thing to do was to stay where I was and get some sleep during the night and hope that I would find the snowstorm had stopped the next morning. 88 Subjunctive mood is used here because the storm didn't stop the next day. To be continued on the next page. 99 The light of another day still saw no end to the storm. I began to get confused. I couldn't recall whether it had been storming for three or four days. (Para. 26) to be the time when/the place where an event happens; to witness When the first gray light of another day came, the storm was going on. I found myself unable to think clearly. I couldn't tell whether the snowstorm had continued into its third or fourth day. To becontinued on the next page. The cold and loss of blood were taking their toll. (Para. 36)10 10 As I had lost a lot of blood, and it was extremely cold, I was sick and weak. to havea bad effect on sb./sth. over a long period of time To be continued on the next page. It was quite some time before my eyes came into focus enough to see my grandfather sitting by my bed. (Para. 41) It took quite some time for my eyes to adjust themselves to be able to see clearly my grandfather sitting by my bed. The end of Sentence Paraphrase.11 11 Lesson 3 11 We already have 2.4 million people under some form of correctional supervision, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Para. 1) In this country, there are already 2.4 million people who are receiving punishment in one form or another; 412,000 of them are serving their prison terms. a euphemism, meaning being disciplined, or being made to improve one's behavior under the charge of the community, etc. as a punishment To be continued on the next page. 11 Cultural note: In the U.S., besides imprisonment, there are other forms of punishment. For example, young people who break the law can be put into a reform school where they receive training. Or they might be required to do community service work for a fixed number of hours. go to 2 22 Countries like Saudi Arabia can afford to give out harsh punishments precisely because they have so little crime. (Para. 2) go to 3 Cultural note: In some Islamic countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, severe punishment is enforced on crimes of any kind. For example, murderers are invariably put to death, and pickpockets, thieves and robbers are often punished, by having their hands cut off. 33 But can we afford to cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million property crimes each year? Can we send them to prison? Can we execute more than 22,000 murderers? (Para. 2) But can we cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million crimes of stealing, mugging or robbery each year? Can we put all of them into prison? Can we put to death the more than 22,000 murderers each year? Can we do all that without arousing cries of protests? rhetorical questions, and use of repetition To be continued on the next page. 33 go to 4 Cultural note: In the U.S., even when the suspect involved in a murder case is caught, he is more often than not found innocent because the accused is held "innocent until proven guilty" and is convicted "beyond reasonable doubt", and it is not so easy to find evidence about which no reasonable doubt can be raised. 无罪推定,排除合理疑点后才能判罪Note the irony in comparing university enrollment and imprisonment. 44 Just as the decline in the number of high- school graduates has made it easier to gain admission to the college of one's choice, the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. (Para. 4) The increasing number of crimes has made it more difficult to get criminals into prison while the decreasing number of high-school graduates has made it easier to be admitted into the college of a person's choice. go to 5 Note the sarcasm in this remark. 55 While elite colleges and universities still have high standards of admissions, some of the most "exclusive" prisons now require about five prior serious crimes before an inmate is accepted into their correctional program. (Para. 4) There is a similarity between prisons and universities in their recruiting policy. You've got to be outstanding candidates to get into the best colleges and universities. Similarly, certain prisons for dangerous criminals only accept those who have committed five serious crimes before being convicted for the present one. go to 6 66 Our current crop of prisoners is an elite group, on the whole much more serious offenders than those who were once imprisoned in Alcatraz. (Para. 4) Our present imprisoned criminal populationis indeed composed of first-rate criminals. On the whole, they are much more seriouslaw-breakers than those who were put in a prison for the dangerous criminals of the country in the thirty years between the early 1930s and early 1960s. go to 7 here used ironically 77 The police can't find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. (Para. 5) First, the police force is unable to find most criminals. Second, it is difficult to prosecute those they have found, try them and finally get a court to declare them guilty, and it costs a lot of money to do so, too. To be continued on the next page. 77 Cultural note: According to the judicial system of the U.S., a criminal is tried by a jury who reaches a verdict of innocent or guilty. The accused is to be found guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". This makes it difficult to convict a criminal, for his lawyers can always raise a reasonable doubt concerning the evidence, the testimony or the reliability of the witnesses. Also, collecting evidence and having a trial cost a lot of money. Sometimes a trial might last months, or even years as the nine- month trial of O. J. Simpson, famous American football player and actor, who was charged with murdering his former wife and her boy friend, but eventually declared innocent. go to 8 88 Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to state and local governments. (Para. 7) If criminals were kept longer in prison, crime rates would probably go down. But when we consider the money that state and local governments have to pay for this, longer prison sentences are not worthwhile. compared with go to 9 keeping them locked up for longer periods of time 99 Even if released prisoners commit an average of two crimes each, this would amount to only 15,000 crimes prevented: a drop in the bucket when measured against the 41 million crimes committed each year. (Para. 8) go to 10 an amount of sth., that is too small or unimportant to make any real difference 杯水车薪,小巫见大巫 e.g. What we have raised is just a drop in the bucket. The project will need far more. 10 10 Thefirst-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy. (Para. 9) $150,000 would be worth it if there were only one person's life, such as yours or mine, to save, but such a policy would be much too expensive to carry out nationwide. go to 11 11 11 This essay, one of the series discussing crime and punishment, begins and ends with the same statement: dealing with crime severely won't work. an item that forms part of a book, magazine, broadcast, discussion, etc. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer. (Para. 10) The end of Sentence Paraphrase. a remark, or statement Lesson 5 All the things considered, he thought it was a bad idea. (Para. 2) absolute construction go to 2 Sometimes his wife got this look where she pinched her brows together and bit her lower lip. (Para. 4) "Where" is used to indicate a relative clause. It can be used after words referring to an aspect of a situation, or a stage in sth. He squeezed to see how deep the wound was. (Para. 18) Noun clause introduced by "how" functions as the object of "see". go to 3 Pun: "Wound" refers to both the cut and injury to feelings. "Yes, different," he snapped, angry with her resorting to this trick of repeating his words so that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16) spoke abruptly and sharply go to 4 to turn to the help of the trick adjective phrase as subject complement appositive structure linked by "of" While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42) go to 5 had better he was doing the dishes He thought the years they had spent together, and how close they were, and how well they k。
Book 1 Unit 5 词汇课文详解
route (n) 途径、方法 这款软件非常受欢迎，因为它提供了快捷 高效的途径来完成预期任务。 This software was very popular because it ( ) route of getting the desired task done. This software was very popular because it (offered a quick and efficient) route of getting the desired task done.
furnish (vt) 提供 很多人认为他们有责任给贫困地区的孩子 提供教育资助。 Many people think they have a responsibility to furnish the children in poor areas with education funds.
invisible (a) 看不见的 空气是看不见的，但有风时，我们能感觉 到空气在流动。 Air is invisible, but we can feel its motion when there is a wind.
assemble (v) 集合，聚集 经理们今天下午将集中开会，讨论解决方 法。 The manager will assemble at the meeting this afternoon to discuss solutions.
harsh (adj) 恶劣的、艰苦的、严峻的 这个地区恶劣的气候让人难以忍受。 The harsh weather in that area is ( ). The harsh weather in that area is (unbearable).
包含排斥原理
包含排斥原理排斥原理，又称泡利不相容原理，是指相同自旋的费米子不能占据同一量子态。
这一原理是量子力学中重要的基本原理之一，对于理解原子结构、化学键、固体物理等领域都有着重要的意义。
排斥原理最早由意大利物理学家泡利于1925年提出，他通过研究原子光谱发现，原子中的电子不能简单地占据能级，而是要遵循一定的规则。
根据排斥原理，每个量子态最多只能容纳一个电子，且这一电子的自旋量子数必须是不同的。
这一原理的提出对原子结构的理论研究产生了深远的影响，也为后来量子力学的发展奠定了基础。
在化学中，排斥原理解释了为什么原子中的电子会以一定的规律分布在不同的轨道上。
根据泡利不相容原理，每个轨道最多只能容纳两个电子，且这两个电子的自旋量子数必须相反。
这一规律决定了原子的化学性质，也为化学键的形成提供了理论基础。
在固体物理中，排斥原理也有着重要的应用。
例如在金属中，电子的排斥原理决定了电子的填充规律，从而影响了金属的导电性和热导性。
另外，在半导体和绝缘体中，排斥原理也对电子的能级结构和电子行为产生了重要影响。
除了在原子、化学和固体物理中的应用，排斥原理还在其他领域有着重要的作用。
例如在核物理中，排斥原理解释了为什么原子核中的质子和中子会以一定的方式排列。
在宇宙学中，排斥原理也对星际空间中物质的排布和行为有着重要的影响。
总的来说，排斥原理是量子力学中的重要原理，它不仅对原子结构和化学键的形成有着重要的意义，也在固体物理、核物理和宇宙学等领域产生了深远的影响。
通过对排斥原理的研究，人们对微观世界的理解不断深化，也为科学技术的发展提供了重要的理论基础。
排斥原理的发现和应用，为人类认识世界和改造世界提供了重要的支撑，也为人类文明的进步做出了重要的贡献。
克拉佩龙方程知识点总结
克拉佩龙方程知识点总结克拉佩龙方程的一般形式为：\[\delta = \delta_0 + \sum\limits_{i,j} f(i,j) \cos(i\phi + j\theta)\]其中，δ是化学位移，δ0是一个常数项，f(i, j)是一个系数，i和j分别代表角度φ和θ的正弦、余弦函数中的次数。
这个公式描述了化学位移随着分子构象改变的周期性变化。
通过对不同分子的NMR数据的分析，人们发现克拉佩龙方程可以很好地描述化学位移随着构象变化的规律，因此被广泛应用于分子结构的研究和分析中。
克拉佩龙方程的基本原理是基于分子内的偶极相互作用和耦合常数（coupling constants）的变化对核磁共振信号的影响。
偶极相互作用通常由于两个相邻的质子之间的相互作用而导致，而耦合常数则描述了这种相互作用的强度和性质。
克拉佩龙方程通过将这些相互作用和耦合常数的影响考虑在内，构建了一个描述分子结构和化学位移之间关系的经验性模型。
在实际应用中，克拉佩龙方程可以用于预测分子结构的某些特定构象下的化学位移，从而帮助解释分子NMR光谱中的信号。
通过比较实验数据和理论预测，可以进一步验证分子结构和构象的假设，从而促进对分子性质和反应机理的理解。
除了纯理论的研究应用外，克拉佩龙方程还在药物设计和生物化学研究中得到了广泛的应用。
通过对药物分子的NMR数据进行分析，可以了解其分子结构和构象的影响，从而指导对药物的改进和设计。
在生物化学研究中，通过对生物大分子（如蛋白质和核酸）的NMR数据进行分析，可以了解其结构和功能之间的关系，从而揭示生物体内各种生物反应和代谢途径的机理。
总的来说，克拉佩龙方程作为描述分子结构和化学位移之间关系的经验性公式，在化学和生物化学领域得到了广泛的应用。
它为人们理解分子结构和性质之间的关系提供了一个重要的工具，促进了分子科学和药物研发的进步。
在未来，随着理论和实验技术的不断进步，克拉佩龙方程和相关的NMR理论模型将继续发挥重要作用，深化人们对分子结构和性质的认识，推动科学研究的发展。
para管理法
para管理法（原创实用版）目录1.介绍 para 管理法2.para 管理法的核心理念3.para 管理法的实际应用4.para 管理法的优势与不足正文一、介绍 para 管理法para 管理法，全称“问题分析与解决法”，是一种以解决实际问题为目标的管理方法。
它源自美国管理学专家爱德华·波诺（Edward de Bono）博士的研究，旨在帮助人们更有效地分析问题、制定解决方案，并在实施过程中进行监控和调整。
二、para 管理法的核心理念para 管理法的核心理念是“平行思考”，即从多个角度、多个层面去分析问题，以便更全面地了解问题。
这种思考方式有助于突破思维定势，提高创新能力。
1.P（Problem）：定义问题首先要明确问题的范围和具体内容，将问题具体化、明确化。
2.A（Analysis）：分析问题分析问题的成因、影响因素和可能的结果，以便找到问题的根源。
3.R（Resolution）：制定解决方案根据问题分析的结果，提出可行的解决方案，并进行选择和优化。
4.A（Action）：实施解决方案将选定的解决方案付诸实践，并根据实际情况进行调整和优化。
三、para 管理法的实际应用para 管理法在实际应用中具有广泛的领域和场景，如企业战略规划、项目管理、团队协作等。
通过运用 para 管理法，可以提高工作效率，降低沟通成本，提升团队凝聚力。
四、para 管理法的优势与不足1.优势(1) 提高思维品质：通过平行思考，培养创新思维能力。
(2) 提高工作效率：有助于快速找到问题解决方案，提高工作效率。
(3) 提高团队协作能力：有助于团队成员形成共同目标，提高团队协作能力。
2.不足(1) 实施难度：需要团队成员具备较高的思维素质和协作精神。
(2) 过程繁琐：分析问题、制定解决方案的过程较为繁琐，需要耐心和细心。
总之，para 管理法是一种具有实际应用价值的管理方法，有助于提高个人和企业的竞争力。
barrnap 原理
barrnap 原理Barrnap是一种用于预测原核生物基因组中的rRNA基因的工具。
rRNA基因在生物学研究中具有重要的意义，因为它们编码着构成细胞核糖体的RNA分子，这些分子在蛋白质合成中起着关键的作用。
Barrnap的原理是通过搜索基因组序列中的保守rRNA序列来识别rRNA基因。
rRNA序列在不同的原核生物中具有高度的保守性，因此可以通过比对已知的rRNA序列来预测新的rRNA基因。
Barrnap使用了一个名为HMM的数学模型来进行这种比对。
HMM是一种用于描述序列的概率模型，可以用来识别具有相似性的序列。
具体来说，Barrnap首先将输入的基因组序列转化为一系列的碱基对。
然后，它使用HMM模型来比对这些碱基对与已知的rRNA序列。
比对的过程中，Barrnap会计算每个碱基对属于rRNA序列的概率，并根据这些概率来预测rRNA基因的位置。
Barrnap的一个重要特点是它可以同时识别多种类型的rRNA基因，例如16S、23S和5S rRNA基因。
这对于研究不同类型的原核生物非常有用，因为不同类型的rRNA基因在结构和功能上有所不同。
为了提高预测的准确性，Barrnap还会对预测结果进行一系列的过滤和修正。
例如，它会排除那些长度过短或过长的预测结果，因为这些可能是错误的预测。
此外，Barrnap还会根据rRNA序列的结构特征进行进一步的验证，以确保预测的准确性。
使用Barrnap可以帮助研究人员快速准确地识别原核生物基因组中的rRNA基因。
这对于研究原核生物的进化、分类和功能具有重要意义。
此外，由于rRNA基因在生物学研究中的广泛应用，Barrnap的使用也可以帮助研究人员在基因组中寻找其他类型的基因。
Barrnap是一种基于HMM模型的工具，用于预测原核生物基因组中的rRNA基因。
它通过比对已知的rRNA序列来识别新的rRNA基因，并通过一系列的过滤和修正来提高预测结果的准确性。
Barrnap的使用可以帮助研究人员在原核生物基因组中准确地识别rRNA基因，从而推动原核生物的研究进展。
para 前缀
para前缀
在化学中，para前缀表示“对”，表示两个原子或基团在垂直方向上连接。
例如，para-dichlorobenzene（对二氯苯）是一个有两个氯原子在垂直方向上连接的化合物。
在医学中，para前缀表示“旁”，表示与某种疾病或身体部位相关的症状或情况。
例如，para-amnesia（旁性遗忘）是一种记忆障碍，患者无法回忆起与某种事件或情况相关的信息。
在数学中，para前缀表示“偏”，表示与主轴或主值有关的参数或函数。
例如，para-metric function（偏度函数）是一个描述数据分布形状的函数，与均值和标准差有关。
在物理中，para前缀表示“平行”，表示两个或多个物理量或现象之间的关系是平行的。
例如，para-magnetic mat erial（顺磁性材料）是一种在外部磁场存在时表现出磁性的材料，其磁化方向与外部磁场平行。
在计算机科学中，para前缀表示“并行”，表示同时执行多个任务或操作。
例如，parallel processing（并行处理）是一种同时执行多个处理单元或线程的技术，以提高计算机系统的性能。
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Para 1 基本原理Notes:
Para.
1.appreciate: understand fully，评价，估价，理解
unsuitability :不适合，不相称，不匹配
present: submit, offer, give，提出，设置
2.patent: n,专利v,取得…专利
athodyd: 航空热力管道，冲压式喷气发动机
ram jet: 冲压喷气发动机
3.turbo-propeller engine: 涡轮螺桨发动机
viscount aircraft: 子爵式飞机
twin-spool: 双转子
triple-spool: 三转子
by-pass: 双涵式，内外涵
ducted fan: 管道风扇式,涵道风扇式
4.piston engine: 活塞发动机
solely:单独地,独自地,只是
5.pulse jet: 脉动式发动机
turbo/ram jet: 涡轮/冲压喷气发动机
6.momentum: 动量
issue:流出,放出
impart…to…:give，给予
jet: 喷嘴
8.sprinkler: 喷水器
by virtue of: 凭借，利用
firefighting: 消防
hose: 软管
carnival: 狂欢节
9.resultant: 合成的，总的
10.convert…into…:change…into，
11.convergent: 收敛的
divergent: 发散的
target vehicle: 耙机
12.intermittent: 间歇的，周期性的
static：静止的，静态的
dynamic：动力的，动态的
aero-：空气的
aerodynamic：空气动力学的
robust：坚固的，强壮的
spring-loaded：绷有弹簧的
(图1-7)：shutter valve：薄片式，快门式阀门，节气活门depression：下降
rotor：旋翼
helicopter：直升机
dispense with：免去，不用
resonate：共振，谐振
13.decompose：分解
14.inherent：内在的，固有的
up to：直至，高达（上限）
15.somewhat：比较，有点
blade：叶片
16.blade-tip：翼尖
departure from:偏离，违背
17.offset：补偿，弥补，冲淡
18.Mach number：马赫数
19.variable intake：可调进气道
afterburner：加力燃烧室
shut down：停车，关闭
guide vane：导向叶片
divert：redirect
sustained：stable，稳定的，持续的
cruise condition：巡航状态
20.alternative：另一种结构型式
21.kerosene：煤油
multi-stage：多级
in the order of ：数量级
22.interceptor：截击机
space-launcher：航天飞机
high altitude：高空
short duration：短的巡航时间。