Chapter7 America During the War 英美文化概论 教学课件
英美文化与国家概案
In 1920s, the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.Chapter 6 Political InstitutionsI. ConstitutionThe American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It is the basic instrument of American Government and the Supreme law of the land.Separation of powers: checks and balances 制约和平衡The government is divided into three branched: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power.II. The Executive BranchThe President of the U.S is the head of the executive branch and the head of the state elected by the whole nation. The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age. The president election was held every 4 years.Presidency Election1) In American, the “winner-take-all” system applies in all states expect Maine.2) The electors of all fifty states and the District of Columbia-a total of 538 persons-comprise what is known as the Electoral College. To be successful, a candidate for the Presidency must receive 270 votes.3) The presidential term of 4 years begin on Jan 20 following the November election, the president publicly takes an oath of office, which is administered by the Chief Justice of the U.S. A president can be elected to office only twice.The Presidential Powerslegislative powers；Executive powers: the highest duty；Powers in foreign affairs；Judiciary powers: give reprieves(缓刑) and pardons (赦免) in federal criminal cases.III. The Legislative Branch1. A Two-chamber Congress (国会)Article I of the Constitution grants all legislative power of the federal government to a Congress composed of two chambers, a Senate and a House of Representatives.Every 2 years one-third of the Senate stands for re-election. Today, the House is composed of 435 members.The Senate is composed of 2 members from each state, Membership in the House is based on population and its size is therefore not specified in the Constitution.1) Each house of the Congress has the power to introduce legislation on any subject, except revenue bills，which must first come from the House of Representatives.2) The Constitution provides that the Vice president shall be president of the Senate. He has no vote, except in a case of a tie. The House of Representatives choose its own presiding officer-the Speaker of the House.IV. The Judiciary Branch1. According to the Constitution, the judicial power of the U.S shall be vested in one Supreme Court. The judicial system has evolved into the present structure: the Supreme Court, 11 court of appeals, 91 district courts, and 3 courts of special jurisdiction. U.S. judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.2. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the U.S and is the only organ which has the power to interpret the Constitution. The Supreme Court at present consists of a Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices.III. Political PartiesIn general, American has a two-party system. There are two major political parties in America: the Democrats and the Republicans. There have been four periods in the history of political parties in American.Chapter 7 EducationUnder the Tenth Amendment to the U.S Constitution, education was included among the respon sibilities which were “reserved to the states or the people”.It is a general view that every American has the right and obligation to become educated. American believe that ,through education, an individual acquires the knowledge, skill ,attitudes and abilities which will enable him to fit into society and improve his social status. Education helps to shape the society and develop the national strength.Characteristics of American Education1. In American, there are more public elementary and secondary schools that private ones, while private colleges and universities outnumber public ones.the west coast.。
英美文化基础教程课本 课后练习答案(朱永涛)
British CultureChapter 2 English history填空：1.The Crusades2.Columbus; Vasco da Gama3. the hundred years’ war4. Parliament; King Charles I5. Charles Darwin6. the Great slump7. the league of Nations ; the United Nations选择：1C 2D 3A 4C 5DChapter 4 British government system1.不用记2.On Her Majesty’s Service3.the Most Noble Order of the Garter4.head of the church of England5.acts of parliament; the prerogative of the crown; convention of the constitution;common law; parliamentary privilege6.5; 6357.the Crown; the House of Lords; the House of Commons8.parliament9.the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases except criminal case inScotland10.to make laws; to control and criticize the executive government; to control theraising and the spending of money11.the Lord Chancellor12.her ministers13.the Parliament;is accountable or responsible to Parliament ; the House ofCommons; the people选择1B 2C 3A 4D 5C 6 AChapter 6 English Literature1.8th century; 6th2.their Viking raiders swept into Britain3.the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; the Roman Invasion of Britain to the middle of the12th century4.Chaucer; Shakespeare; Milton5.Thomas More; Utopia6.Hamlet; King Lear; Othello; A Midsummer Night’s Dream; As you like it;Twelfth Night; Richard II; Henry V; Julius Caesar7.the Essays8.paradise lost; Paradise regained; Samson Agonistes9.pilgrim’s progress10.Jonathan Swift11.London12.Robert Burns13.Robinson Crusoe14.William Wordsworth; Taylor Coleridge; Lord Byron; John Keats;Percy Bysshe Shelley15.Jane Austen; Charlotte Bronte; Emily Bronte16.Stevenson; Lewis Carroll; Thackeray; David Copperfield; Pickwick papers;George Eliot; Oscar Wilde; the return of the Native; Tess of the D’Urbervilles17.James Joyce; Ulysses18.George Bernard Shaw选择1D 2A 3C 4A 5A 6D 8A 9D 10DChapter 7 Religion and Beliefs1.Roman Catholic Church; Protestant Church2.the Old Testament; the New Testament3.The Queen; the Archbishop of Canterbury 坎特伯雷大主教4.God; Jesus; Holy Spirit5.Presbyterian6.The Pope7.the Methodist; the Congregation Church; the Baptist Church; the Quakers; theChristian ScientistsChapter 8 character and manner1.impolite/ill-bred2.modesty; conceit3. a sense of humor4.sportsmanshipChapter 9 Education1.5; 152.Christmas; Easter; summer3.selective; comprehensive4.Eton; Harrow; Rugby5.Being free6.Oxford; Cambridge7.St. Andrews; Glasgow8.open university9.Leads; Lancaster10.exclusiveness选择1A 2C 3D 4DAmerican CultureChapter 2 American History1.The Vikings; Christopher Columbus2.Jamestown in Virginia3.pilgrims; Roger Williams; William Penn4.1775; 17835. a second continental congress6.July 4th7.the Federalists; the Republicans; strong, efficient central authority; individualliberties8.Thomas Jefferson9.John Marshall10.Uncle Tom’s Cabin11.it put an end to slavery and decided that American was not a collection ofsemi-independent states, but a single individual nation12. being able to pay high wages and earn enormous money13. the New York Stock Exchange14. laissez-fair; government should interfere with business as little as possible;government action选择1B 2A 3D 4A 5B 6 C 7D 8A 9A 10BChapter 3 The Forms of Government1.Federalism; the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution and the ruleof law2.foreign affairs and with matters of general concern to all the states includingcommerce between the states.3.Democrats ; Republicans4.executive branch; legislative branch; judicial branch5.Ford; Nelson Rockefeller; the president Nixon resigned6.the vice-president7.4; 4; John Kennedy8.two terms9.435; 2; 100; 610.both houses; the senate; two-thirds majority11.confederation12.192013.The supreme court14.life; president; the senate;15.FBI选择：1A 2 C 3D 4C 5B 6D 7C 8BChapter 4 American Literature1.Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文; Fenimore Cooper费尼莫尔·库柏;2.Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡; The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍府的倒塌3.Concord康科德; Ralph Waldo Emerson ; Henry David Thoreau 梭罗;Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔﹒霍桑4.Nature; The American Scholar; Self-reliance5.Walden 瓦尔登湖6.Scarlet Letter 红字7.Herman Melville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔8. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer; Life on the Mississippi; The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn （汤姆·索亚的历险；在密西西比河上；哈克贝利·弗恩历险记）9.Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞10.The Great Gatsby; which is about Gatsby, a man at the end of his youth, is strivingto recapture a beautiful dream he once believed in. He sees the dream turn into a nightmare. （了不起的盖茨比）11.Jonh Dos Passos 约翰·多斯·帕索斯12.the Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动; Light in August Light in August; Absalom,Absalom 押沙龙,押沙龙13.The Sun Also Rise太阳照常升起; A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器; For Whom theBell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣14.John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克; Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·艾里森15.Eugene O’Neill尤金奥尼尔; Long Day’s Journey into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢选择：1C 2A 3D 4B 5D 6A 7C 8C 9A 10D 11B 12C为帮助大家记忆这些作家作品，将其姓名和作品的汉译提供给大家Chapter 7 American Education1.122.age3.kindergarten classes for five-year-olds4.grammar school or elementary school5.the nation’s population explosion ; a trend toward democratizing highereducation6.The7.FootballChapter 8 American Family Life1.rural, small town living; big city life2.each resident owns his own apartment3.youth; a feeling of being respected, wanted and needed.。
英美文化概况 名词解释 问答题
英美文化概况问答题以及答案：1.What are the some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? Can political reform in China borrow anything from that? 美国政府三大部门的一些主要权利是什么？三大部门之间如何制约和平衡？中国的政治改革能否从中借鉴什么？A．What are the some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government?The three branches—the Legislative, the Executive, headed by the president. And the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court.The Legislative, including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representative) 。
The legislative branch(立法机构）is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.The Executive, headed by the president. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The judicial branch(司法机构) is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states.The Supreme Court has the judicial review power.B．How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? System of “checks and balances (制约与平衡的原则)”of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.C．Can political reform in China borrow anything from that?China does not make the separation, but can absorb the reasonable factors. The people's congress system is a basic system suitable to China's national conditions. It directly reflects that people's democratic dictatorship is national nature in our country, reflected the whole picture of our political life and is the basic forms and means for the people to be the masters of democratic rights.(中国不搞三权分立，但可以吸收其合理的因素。
unit 7 (British and American Studies)英美文化 教学课件
Third Principle: Checks and Balances. ➢ The power given to government is divided between the federal and state government.
➢ The power granted to each government is sub-divided among the three branches of government, the legislative, the executive and the judicial. Each branch can check or block the actions of the other branches.
Unit 2
Government and Politics
22.2.2 SSeeppaarraattiioonnooffPPoowweerriinnUUSSGGoovveerrnnmmeenntt
2.2.2 Three Branches
Legislative Branch (Congress)
➢ Functions of Congress
• The central function is to make federal laws
• collect taxes and levy duties
• pay national debts
• regulate foreign commerce
• raise armies and pay for them
Senate
House of Representative
Cabinet
Executive Department
Courts of Appeals
英美文化课后答案Chapter7
英美文化课后答案Chapter7英美文化课后答案7Lecture 7T ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FTFTT/FTTFT 11-20: TFTFT/TFTTTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Old English2. The Canterbury Tales3. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus4. William Shakespeare5. historical plays; comedies6. P. B. Shelley; William Wordsworth7. Sense and Sensibility8. Oliver Twist9. The Heart of Darkness 10. stream of consciousness 11. the Transcendentalist Club 12. Natty Bumpoo 13. Moby Dick 14. Walt Whitman 15. The Red Badge of Courage 16. King of the English 17. Lord Protector 18. Princess Diana 19. Alchemist 20. calculus, gravitation 21. religious, interpretation 22. Boz 23. clerk, potential 24. florid, poetic 25. Locomotive 26. instructor 27. James Bond Series 28. satirist, boom, 1960s 29. Julie Andrews 30. big, gigantic 31. John Peel 32. The Lady with the Lamp 33. land, water 34. George Washington 35. New Deal 36. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 37. George Walker Bush 38. Barack Hussein Obama 39. Martin Luther King 40. Ray Kroc 41. Disneyland Park 42. William Henry Bill Gates 43. The Sketch BookChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BACCA/DABDB 11-20: CABBA/CDCAD 21-30:CBADC/BACBA31-32: CDExplain the following terms.1. The Canterbury TalesChaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is made up of a series of stories. These stories are told by pilgrims who were on their way to the important Christian church at Canterbury. Although these tales are incomplete, they cover all major types of medieval literature. It contains almost all the typical medieval figures. It isa miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.2.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is probably the best known literary figure in the world. His many plays include tragedies, comedies and history plays. Shakespeare created four great tragedies. Hamlet is the most performed play in the world. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in the world literature.3. Jane EyreJane Eyre tells the story of an orphan, who has a loveless childhood at a terrible boarding school. When she grows up, she goes to work for Mr. Rochester as a governess to his child. Mr. Rochester becomes attracted to her because of her independence and free spirit.4. Tess of the D’UrbervillesThis story tells the tragic fate of Tess, a beautiful country girl. Tess is seduced by Alec D’urbervilles and has an illegitimate baby. She meets Angel Clare and they fall in love with each other. However, she is abandoned by Angel when he knows her past story. Tess has no choice butto live with Alec because her father dies and the family is starving. Later Angel regrets how he abandoned Tess and comes back to find her. Tess kills Alec in strong despair and greatmadness.5. Stream of consciousnessIn literary critic ism, “stream of consciousness” is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.6. TranscendentalismTranscendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Among transcendentalists' core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that “transcends” the physical and empirical and is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.7. The lost generationThis is a term coined by author and poet, Gertrude Stein. Often it is used to refer to a group of American writers who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe, some after military service in the First World War. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ezra Pound. The Lost Generation captures the zeitgeist of the time period: disillusionment.8. Moby DickIt is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpieces. This is a story about a whaling voyage. The hero Ishmael went out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain, Ahab, lost one leg on a previous voyage when he met the white whale Moby Dick, so he was determined to kill the white whale. At last MobyDick appeared and Captain Ahab ordered his ship to fight with it. All the crew were drowned except Ishmael, who survived to tell the story.9. Mark TwainMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Twain had an American sense of humor; he dealt with the lower strata of society. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was an immediate success and its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, became his masterwork. Mark Twain made colloquial speech a literary medium. This is his great contribution to American literature. His style influenced writers who followed, like Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemmingway.10. The Great GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgerald’s masterpiece is The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald created a myth out of American life from his personal experience. Gatsby falls in love with Daisy, but he is too poor to marry her. Daisy married Tom Buchanan. In order to win his love back, Gatsby began bootlegging and other activities to make a big fortune. But finally he found Daisy was not the ideal love of his dreams. He had a strong sense of loss and disillusionment.11. Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor and film director of the silent film era. He became one of the best-known film stars in the world before the end of the First World War. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Loveonwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing, and from 1918 composing the music. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.12. John LennonJohn Lennon (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles, and together with Paul McCartney formed one of the most successful songwriting partnerships of the 20th century. Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, his writing, on film, and in interviews, and became controversial through his work as a peace activist. He moved to New Y ork City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while his songs were adapted as anthems by the anti-war movement. Disengaging himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to his family, Lennon reemerged in 1980 with a comeback album, Double Fantasy, but was murdered three weeks after its release.13. David BeckhamDavid Beckham (born 2 May 1975) is an English footballer who currently plays in midfield for Los Angeles Galaxy in Major League Soccer, having previously played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, and Milan, as well as the England national team, for whom he holds the all-time appearance record for an outfield player.Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Y ear and in 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals. Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100Champions League matches. He was Google's most searched of all sports topics in both 2003 and 2004. With such global recognition he has become an elite advertising brand and a top fashion icon. When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league's history, with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth $6.5m per year.14. James WattJames Watt (19 January 1736 –25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.15. Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was a celebrated English nurse, writer and statistician. A Christian universalist, Nightingale believed that God had called her to be a nurse. She came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where shetended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night. Nightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment, in 1860, of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London, the first secular nursing school in the world. The Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses was named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday.Translation1. 值得怀疑的是在人们最需要开心、快乐与放松的时候，是否能有人比卓别林带给人们更多的欢乐。
英美文学 第七章
Part SevenThe American Literature in the 1930s and American Drama Chapter I The American Literature in the 1930s1.Historical BackgroundIt is a misconception that the 1930s was a dim decade as compared with the glittering twenties. There is a visible continuity between the two decades. While authors who made their names in the twenties, authors such as Eliot, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Faulkner, continued to produce great works of literature, new forces appeared on the scene, writing with no less vitality and energy.However, the mood of the thirties was different from that of the twenties. The Wall Street crash of 1929 set the tone for the writing of the decade. As the Depression spread, life became an experience of want, poverty, and absolute misery. Economic disaster and the wretched workless existence for the masses of the people brought the realization that the system had collapsed. Everything seemed to be disintegrating all of a sudden and all at once, and an ordered, rational existence proved to be impossible. There was widespread panic. If there had been any hope in the frustrating twenties, there was, for many, sheer despair in the bleak years of the thirties. It is true that, when F. D. Roosevelt came into the White House, he brought with him a refreshing breeze of hope and optimism into it and into the country. Roosevelt was clever enough tooffer his New Deal which helped toward dispelling the crisis-laden atmosphere hanging over the country. This measure restored confidence to the defeatist nation. However, it was not until the outbreak of the Second World War that the country felt safe again. The war saved the United States.Faced with the new reality of want and despair, American writers, like their brothers in England and Europe, found themselves asking the question, “What can writers do for the country?”It was apparent that social concern was topmost in the minds of many authors, and that social involvement was to be the major feature of the literature of the thirties.In addition to Dos Passos and his monumental trilogy, U.S.A., there were young novelists such as James T. Farrell, John Ohara, and Erskine Caldwell who poured out their anger and protest in their left-oriented works.2.Prominent Figures in the 1930s1) John Dos Passos (1896-1970)His life and his literary contributions:In a sense the thirties can be called the decade of John Dos Passos. He was the leading naturalist of the Depression, and his masterwork, U.S.A., was probably the best work that came out of the period. John Dos Passos was a spectacular phenomenon in the 20th century literary history of the United States.He started off writing for the oppressed, calling himself a “red radical revolutionary” in 1917. His writings were Communist-oriented for a long period. And his attack on capitalism remained great until the fifties when his change to conservatism seemed complete. During the latter part of his career, Dos Passos showed admiration for business, and supported the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.Dos Passos’ literary output was immense. In addition to the novels he wrote, he is remembered today chiefly for U.S.A., the most ambitious of fictions produced in the thirties. He wants to tell the truth about American life. He hopes to paint a panorama of American society. And he did so.The common theme of Dos Passos’s works is attack on the “machine”, that is, the government. He beheld that the “machine”is hostile to the physical and spiritual welfare of the individual. The reason why he finally gave up communism was that he believed that communism was another “machine”.Like William Faulkner, John Dos Passos was also a courageous experimentalist in the art of novel-writing. He employed, in his fiction, devices which had not been known before, such as the “Newsreels”(新闻短片), “Biographies” (人物肖像), “Camera Eye” (摄影机眼).2) John Steinbeck (1902-1968)A.His LifeAnother significant Depression writer was John Steinbeck. He was born in Salinas, California. His father was government official, and his mother a school teacher. He grew up at home reading British and French classics. He went to Stanford University, but never graduated. A rather odd period of his youth followed in which he did not know what to do with himself. He worked as a farm laborer, a seaman on a cattle-boat, a newspaper reporter, a bricklayer, a chemist’s assistant, a surveyor, and a migratory fruit picker. This was a very educational period for him because it set the basis of his works, especially The Grapes of Wrath. Later, with his father’s support, he decided to be a professional writer. He wrote some romantic books, but none of these made any stir in the literary scene.Then in 1935, at the age of 33, Steinbeck discovered himself. He discovered both his subject and his method. The book that appeared that year, Tortilla Flat (1935), made him popular.B.His Literary Achievements and ContributionsHis greatest book is, of course, The Grapes of Wrath (1939). A story of the migration of agricultural workers from the dust bowl of Oklahoma to California, the novel is full of bitterness and pain but not exactly despair. Through inconceivable suffering and privation shines still a refreshing ray of hope conspicuously absent in the other crisis novels of the thirties. It is essentially its humanity that triumphs. The Grapes ofWrath helped in great measure toward increasing the nation’s awareness of the seriousness of its problems, and won in time the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. It was banned and attacked for a length of time on both ideological and artistic grounds: it was accused of being communist (which it is of course not) and structurally formless book.The Grapes of Wrath is a crisis novel. It is Steinbeck’s clear expression of sympathy with the dispossessed and the wretched. The Great Depression throws the country into disorder and makes life intolerable for the luckless millions. One of the worst stricken areas is the central prairie lands. There, farmers become bankrupt and begin to move in a body toward California, where they hope to have a better life. The west movement is a most tragic and brutalizing human experience for families like the Joads in the novel. There is unspeakable pain and suffering on the road, and death occurs frequently. Everywhere they travel, they see a universal landscape of decay and desolation. When they reach California and try to settle down, they meet with bitter resistance from the local landowners. The prophecy of an imminent explosion is sent forth from the anger-filled pages: “When a majority of the people is hungry and cold they will take by force what they need,” Steinbeck is saying. The day of wrath is coming. In the souls of the people the grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy. Something in the nature of a social revolution would be about to happen if nothing is done to stop the explosion. This isperhaps one of the reasons why the book was banned for many years.Structurally,The Grapes of Wrath consists of two blocks of material: the westward trek of the Joads and the dispossessed Oklahomans, and the general picture of the Great Depression.Readers sense the despair as they read along, and see no prospect of compensation for all this earthly suffering until one reaches the last chapter of the book. There, one sees a gleam of hope, and one’s confidence in man and human nature, the belief that a better life will be possible, returns to overbalance the scale of one’s judgment. Here lays, probably, the distinction which tells Steinbeck apart from other crisis writers of the 1930s. Amid the gloom and the defeatism which pervade the writing of the decade, Steinbeck manages to keep a refreshing faith in humanity, in the future when man will come to grips with his problems and come out all right. This ability to see beyond the immediate present into a better future has proved to be one of the things that have given Steinbeck his claim to fame and permanence.Chapter II American DramaLate 19th century some realists made their attempt to place realistic drama on the American stage. Some carried out dramatic experimentation around the turn of 20th century. With the stimulus that came from the naturalistic, symbolic, and critical drama of Europe, and possibly movedby the vigorous stirring in American poetry and fiction, American drama began the process of developing itself into a department of American literature equal in significance to both poetry and the novel.The theatre of the Depression was not depressing. Like other branches of literature the drama was preoccupied with social concerns. All through the forties and in the post-war period, new plays kept appearing and with them new playwrights. If Eugene O’Neill dominated the theatre in the 1920s, then it is safe to say that Tennessee Williams did so in the post-war years. The late fifties saw a temporary decline in dramatic productions, but in the next decade, American drama picked up a good deal of fresh energy and entered a new phase in its development with diversity as its features. The period is still in progress, and reputations are still being made. This is an overview of American drama. There are a few important figures that we students should know about American drama.We begin with Eugene O’Neill (1888-1953), American greatest playwright. With his father who was a famous actor, love of drama ran in the blood of the man. It was some years yet before he became a mature playwright, but those years of knowing about in the world can be seen as a preparation for his career. He traveled around with his father, had been to South America and South Africa. Back in America, he was out of work. He made friends with the lowest of society and got to know life better.The experience of wandering and loafing about provided him with material for his creative works.His first performed play, the one-act Bound East for Cardiff marked the beginning of his long career. He is best remembered for his later work Beyond the Horizon, the Iceman Cometh(1946), and Long Day’s Journey into Night (1956). He received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon in 1920 and Nobel Prize in 1936. This play is somewhat an autobiographical. It is actually a metaphor for O’Neill’s lifelong endeavor to find truth and the way to acceptance. He was a tireless experimentalist in dramatic art. He took drama away from the old traditions of the 19th century and rooted it deeply in life. His ceaseless experimentation enriched American drama and influenced later playwrights greatly.The second distinguished American playwright we should know is Elmer Rice (1892-1967). He was the author of the well-known play, The Adding Machine. Now let us take a look at The Adding Machine. Mr. Zero has worked in a store for 25 years, doing the same job –adding figures – and is expecting a raise when his boss comes one day to tell him that he has to leave because the store has bought adding machines. In a sudden fit of anger he kills his boss with a bill file. He is tried, and condemned to death. He was a failure and a “waste product”of mechanization. He remains a “zero” in modern life.What Rice was trying to illustrate is that machines turn people out of jobs and drive them to their doom. Modern life turns people into mechanical fool. Mr. Zero, never having “missed a day, an hour, a minute” in his 25 years work adding figures, can no longer think except in terms of figures. Even when defending himself in the courtroom, he cannot help dragging in figures. In the midst of confessing to the murder that he has committee, he starts counting numbers from one to twelve, telling a puzzled audience that six and six makes twelve, and five is seventeen, and eight is twenty-five, and three is twenty-eight, etc. Then his mind switches back to the court proceedings, curses the figures, and says that he has worked for 25 years all for nothing. The human mind has been mechanized so thoroughly. Men become numbered, Mr. One, Mr. Two… as if they were machines or machine parts. Zero is portrayed as dehumanized so that he is almost devoid of emotional response. That is probably the saddest part of his – modern man’s – life.In 1931 actors, dramatists and producers formed their own organization, The Group Theatre, to produce plays of social significance. Clifford Odets(1906-1963) joined the Group Theatre and won recognition as one of the country’s leading dramatists in 1935. His famous plays are Waiting for Lefty, Awake and Sing!，Paradise Lost.A great play by Odets is Waiting for Lefty. It is about a taxi-driver’sstrike. A union meeting is going on. When the drivers are trying to decide whether to strike or not, the union boss who has already sold out to the companies tries to keep them from striking. All the time people come up on the stage and tell their stories, the union boss is smoking a cigar. The smoke keeps drifting in, a telling symbol of the fact that he is the one who has got all the decisions to make. Now Lefty is a character fighting against the corrupted union boss and trying to get the people to strike for higher wages. Throughout the play people are waiting for him before they decide to strike, but he never appears. In the meantime people keep talking about their bitter lives. Finally, there comes a shout from the back of the hall which interrupts everything. Somebody runs in and says, “wait a minute! We’ve found Lefty! We found him in an alley with a bullet in his head!” The suggestion is clear, that the union boss has had him killed. The people run up on the stage and shout, “What are we going to do？”Somebody at the back of the audience shouts, “Strike! Strike!” and they pick this up on stage and join the chorus.The interesting thing to note about the play is its acting. The actors are scattered through the audience and some on these people jump up now and then to echo in shouts what is being said on stage. It is very exciting to see one person next to you, who looks just like you, working himself up in agitation and presently standing up, shouting, “Listen! Listen!” and charging onto the stage: He is, you realize, one of the actors!The point of this arrangement was to include the audience in the acting, and its effect was powerful in the social theatre of the 1930s. The audience joined the “chorus”and the whole theatre was boiling. Propaganda it certainly is, but as certainly it is also exquisite art: The whole performance is a combination of the two. And from the stories of the drivers we get very authentic details of life during the Depression. Waiting for Lefty is a very powerful play to come out of the theatre of the thirties.Post-war American drama has been said to begin with the staging of The Glass Menagerie in 1945. Its author, Tennessee Williams (1911-1983) has certainly become one of the greatest American dramatists to go down in the country’s literary history. He of course is the next one that we should remember, for he is the typical one of the post-O’Neill era.Another great dramatist to come out of the forties is Arthur Miller (1915- ) who has, along with Tennessee Williams, led the post-war new drama. Miller grew up in the Depression. He witnessed his father’s business failure and worked at a variety of proletarian jobs. The staging of Death of a Salesman (1947), his masterpiece, established him a writer of no small talent.Questions for review:1.What was John Dos Passos mainly concerned with throughout his literary life?2.What “new” writing techniques did Passos employ in his books?3.What was Steinbeck mainly concerned with throughout his literary life?。
英美文化概论论文
英美文化概论论文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－英美文化概论论文In the past few weeks, we spent 10 lessons on essentials of British & American cultures study. In this course, we learn in brief about the history and government system etc. During the Learning process, what impresses me most is the cowboys.An integral part of the story of America, the cowboy is a national icon, a romantic, rugged metaphor for America’s frontier past, Westward expansion and creation myths. Sensationalizedby Hollywood and by real-life bad boys, the heroic, hard-working, hard-riding, free-thinking cowboy is inseparable from American history itself.America’s first cowboys came from Mexico. Beginning in the 1500s, vaqueros—the Spanish term for “cowboy”—were hired by ranchersto drive and tend to livestockbetween Mexico and what is now New Mexico and Texas. During the early 1800s, and leading up to Texas’s independence from Mexico in 1836, the number of English speaking settlers in the area increased. These American settlers took their cues from the vaquero culture, borrowing clothing styles and vocabulary and learning how to drive their cattle in the same way.The vaquero influence persisted throughout the 1800s. Cowboys came from a variety of backgrounds, and included European immigrants, African Americans, Native Americans and Midwestern and Southern settlers. In the nineteenth century, one out of three American cowboys in the south was Mexican.As America built railroads further and further west, fostering industry, transportation and white settlements in former Indian territories, the cowboy played a crucial part in the nation’s expansion. In the early 1800s, Texas cattleman had herded cows via the Shawnee Trail to cattle markets in St. Louis and Kansas City. During the 1860s and following the Civil War, they began herding via the Chisholm and Western Trails towards the new railroads in Kansas, where livestock was then loaded into freight cars and transported to markets around the country.In less than two decades cowboys herded more than six million cows and steers to the railroads. Most cowboys were young—the average age was 24—and hard-working men in need of quick cash, although the pay was low. The work was exhausting and lonely. Cowboys also helped establish towns, spending their money in the “cowtown” settlements across the wes t during their time off. Townspeople frowned oncowboys as lawless troublemakers who brought nothing but violence and immorality, and some even banned them from town.Ranching, or the raising of cattle or other livestock on range land, also expanded during the late nineteenth century. The forced removal of Native Americans and the clearing of the American frontier resulted in the near extinction of the region’s many buffalo and bison. This land, now dominated by white homesteaders, was used for ranching.Public lands on the Great Plains constituted “open range,” where any white settler could buy and raise cattle for grazing. The invention and distribution of barbed wire in the 1870s revolutionized the concept of privately owned land in the Midwest, fencing off homesteads suitable for farming and ranching—but also limiting the work to be done by cowboys.With the rise of private landholdings in the late 1800s, the cattle driving industry had lost its cachet. Private landowners and “free grazers”—vaqueros and cowboys alike—locked horns over what was appropriate use for land whose ownership was also in question. By the 1890s, the wideopen ranges and cattle trails were gone and privatized, and the days of the long cattle drives tothe railroads were over.Smaller-scale cattle drives continued until the mid-1900s, with livestock herded from Arizona to New Mexico and throughout the southwestern United States. Most cowboys left the open trail and took jobs at one of the myriad of private ranches that were settling across the West. But as the work of actual cowboys declined in the U.S., the cowboy lifestyle continued to be popularized—and stereotyped—by a new Hollywood film genre: the Western movie.The late 1900s were tough times for cowboys, ranchers, farmers and anyone working with the land in the U.S. Changing modes of food distribution and production, widespread urbanization and severe economic difficulties forced many to sell their land, go bankrupt, change professions, or take out large loans. As Vern Sager says in The Last Cowboy, “Don’t seem quite fair. A person works hard to make a little and gives it to the bank.”Cowboys in the 21st century might seem like an anachronism, but as Sager demonstrates, their work still needs to be done. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, cowboys—included in the occupation category “support activities for animal production”—numbered 9,730 workers in 2003, making an average of $19,340 per year, working in ranches, stockyards and rodeos. About one-third of these worke rs were listed in the subcategory of “spectator sports,” making their living primarily at rodeos, circuses and theatrical venues as livestock handlers.As the ranchers and cowboys of Sager’s generation age, who will be left to do their jobs? Despite decade s of socioeconomic change, cowboys still don’t have health insurance—and they don’t retire. Times might be changing, but as a symbol of persistence, self-sufficiency and a hard work ethic, cowboys live on.感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]
![英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b0823797c0c708a1284ac850ad02de80d5d80675.png)
In Britain the academic year is divided into three terms of about twelve weeks each.
The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.
not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society
but also to socialize children, learn the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.
英美概况美国部分教学纲要
Part Two HistoryChapter 1 Colonization of North America1.Who were the natives of America? How did they arrive in American? Who werethe first discoverer and the first identifier of the New World? What was the significance of the discovery of the new world? Where and when was the first English colony founded? How was America colonized (explored) by European countries? Why did so many Europeans go to the new world? How many colonies did the English settlers found by 1773?Chapter 2 the American War of Independence1.What were the major events that led to the sharpening contradictions betweenBritain and the colonies? What were the results of the first continental congress?2.Which event marked the outbreak of the war of independence? What were themajor measures adopted at the second continental congress? Which battle marked the turning point of the war? What was the significance of the war?3.How did the constitutional convention stipulate the allocation of seats in thecongress? Who were the forerunners of the “anti-federalists”and “federalists”respectively?Chapter 3 The Growth of The Nation1.When was the first US administration founded? Who were the major figures inWashington’s administration?2.What were the contradictions between the federalists and the republicans? Whatwas the nature of these contradictions? What were the contributions made by Thomas Jefferson to American history? What was the sedition act?3.What was the importance of the War of 1812 to 1814? What role did AndrewJackson play in the development American history?Chapter 4 The American Civil War1.What was the situation before the civil war? And why was the war inevitable?2.What are the two measures that Lincoln took during the civil war and what wasthe significance of these measures? What was the significance of the civil war?Chapter 5 The US Imperialism and the First World War 1.What was the significance of the Reconstruction? What are the great changes fromthe year of the close of the civil war in 1865 to the end of the 19th century? Give facts to each of these changes.2.Give some examples to show the growth of US imperialism before the First WorldWar. What were the causes and the nature of World War I? Why did U.S. finally enter the war?Chapter 6 America Before and During the Second World War1.Why was the prosperity in 1920’s false? What was the economic situation duringthe great depression of 1929-1933？How did Franklin D. Roosevelt cope with this situation?2.What were the causes of the Second World War? And what was the nature of thewar? What were the two sides in the war? Why did U.S. enter the war? What were the consequences of the war?Chapter 7 America during the “Cold War”1.What is the “cold war” what are the major events that happened between Trumanand Carter? Why was there a short period of prosperity right after the Second World War? And why did it disappear so quickly?2.why did economic crises occur so frequently after the war? And why was itinevitable? What were the major features of the American foreign policies during the “cold war”?PART THREE CULTUREChapter 1 Education1.What are the ideals of American education?2.What is the structure of US formal education? What are the levels that UScompulsory education consists of? What are the major subjects that students in elementary schools and secondary schools study?3.How does a university choose its applicants? What are the four categories ofhigher institutions that US higher education consists of? How are most colleges and universities in America administrated? How are credits earned in US universities? What are the major famous universities in the USA and what similarities do they share?Chapter 2 The Media of U.S.A.1.Describe briefly the conditions of radios and televisions in the USA. What is anetwork? What are the major radio and TV networks in the USA? How do you know about VOA? What is the negative influence of the TV programs in the USA?2.What are the major features of newspapers and magazines in the USA? What arethe major news agencies (wire-services companies) in the USA? What are the most influential newspapers in the USA? What are the major news magazines in the USA？Can you say something about them?Chapter 3 Sports and Recreation1.What are the major types of sports in terms of the nature of the sport in the USA?And what are the major types of sports in terms of the number of participants in USA?2.What are the major sports in the USA? What sport is most popular in autumn inAmerica? Can wrestling, boxing and horseracing be called sports? What kind of sports are they? What do Americans usually do for recreations during their spare time? What people introduced bowling into the New York areas in the 17th century?And how is it acted nowadays? What are American’s popular leisure pursuits?Chapter 4 Science and Technology1.What are the three symbols of modern technology in which USA occupies theleading position? What are the four supporters of American science and technology? What is the role that US science and technology plays?2.What is the policy of science and technology development adopted by USA?What is NASA? What are the three space centers in the USA? What is Nobel Prize? Who are the major American Nobel Prize winners for sciences and economics in recent years? For what reason are they awarded the Nobel Prize?Chapter 5 Art and Music1.What are major forms of art in the 19th century? What is Hudson River school?What are the major schools of American art in the 20th century? And who were the major representatives of these schools? What is pop art?2.What are the major music training institutions in the USA? What are the majorforms of pop music in USA in the 20th century? Can you give some examples of singers of these forms?Chapter 6 American Film1.What are the major film-making companies in the USA? What’s the Chinese forthese companies? Who opened Hollywood’s first film studio in an old tavern on the corner of Sunset and Gower? When was the first academy awards held?2.What is Hollywood? What is the Hollywood Walk of Fame? Why “Beverly Hill”can be called “an extremely handsome extravagant neighborhood”? What is the “academy awards”? Why is “academy awards” also called Oscar award”?3.What is the “Golden Globe Awards”? what is the HFPA? Who holds the GoldenGlobe Awards ceremony?Chapter 7(略)Part Four Social LifeChapter 1 Family1.Why are US people diversified? What is the typical family pattern in USA? Whatis the American attitude towards marriage? How is dating conducted in the USA?2.Is divorce rate high in the USA? can you give an example to show this? What is“senior centers”? What is double dating? What is “baby-sitters”?Chapter 2 Food and Dining Customs1.What are the major foods consumed by Americans? What are the regionalspecialties in USA？What are the main courses for American meals? What are the most popular hot drinks in USA? How is coffee done in the USA? What is coffee break?2.What are the major eating places in the USA? What is the major food served infast food restaurants? What is the usual time for Americans to dine? What are the dining customs in the USA?3.Explain the following terms: drive-ins; a cafeteria; black coffee; BLT.Chapter 3 Traditional Holidays1.What are the major holidays in the USA? And when do they fall?2.How is New Year’s Day celebrated? What is Valentine’s Day? What are the majorcelebration activities on this day? What is the origin of Easter? How is Halloween celebrated? What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?Chapter 4 Traditions and Customs1.What are the major conventions in dealing with American social relations?2.What is the origin of the American spirit of “do-it –yourself”? Can you give anexample? What is the popular American belief? Can you give an example?Chapter 5 Religion in the USA1.What is the makeup of religious groups in the USA? What are the major groups inProtestantism?2.What are the characteristics of the religious practice in USA? What are the majorproblems in American religion?Part Five Political SystemChapter 1 T he State System and the Constitution1.What is separation of powers? What is federal system? What is the basis on whichthe US political system based?2.How does US constitution outline the structure of the national government?Chapter 2 The Federal Government1.What is the “system of checks and balances”? What are the powers of the federalgovernment and of the individual states respectively? What are the three branches of the US federal government?2.What is the makeup of the executive branch? What are the functions of the USpresident? What is the basic requirement for becoming a US president?3.What does the US congress consist of? What is the number of members in thecongress? What are the functions of the US congress? What are the procedures of law-making in USA? How can a president be removed from office?4.What are the powers of the Supreme Court? How many justices are there in theSupreme Court? What are the obligations of the Supreme Court justices?5.What is the structure of state court system? And what is the structure of the federalcourt system? What is the jury?Chapter 3 Political Parties and Elections1.What is the two- party system? How was the two-party system formed in USA?2.What are the origins of the democrats and republicans? What are the politicalviews of the US two parties in respectively? And what are the national organizations of the two parties? What are the features of party membership in USA?3.How are candidates chosen in the USA? What are closed and open primaries？What are the two stages in the election of president?4.How many presidential electors are there in the whole country? What is“winner-take-all” principle?。
美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 7 Laws and Rules
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Text A Text B Supplementing Reading
TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to:
1. Have a general idea of Laws and Rules. 2. Understand the importance of Laws and Rules. 3. Master the difficult words and expressions.
Text A The law of the United States
TEXT A Notes
5. Anglo-American civilization: The Anglo-American civilization was the first new civilization since the Roman Empire. All civilizations between the last collapse of Rome in the 4th Century A.D. and the present moment were some fragment of the Roman Empire or its conquerors. … Anglo-American mechanization has even driven the Chinese from their background and into European pants and hats. In India and Burma and Buenos Aires we see the cinema, the automobile, the clock, the booklets and the rifle created by or modeled upon Anglo-American industrial might.
英美概况USA chapter 7 Religion
American mainstream. It helps too that John F. Kennedy
was to become something of a mythical hero figure to all
Americans after his assassination in 1963, thus softening
parts which are considered offensive, immoral or politically dangerous审查，审查, 删剪 • — It’s not constitutional to censor the press. • 6. parochial: a. connected with a church parish 教区的；堂 区的 • — He is very interested in parochial affairs.
• Judaism at a Glance • Three major divisions • Jews in America and Worldwide
An Outline of the UK and the USA
Judaism at a Glance
• Christianity and Judaism share the same roots. • Jews share many concepts with Christianity, yet differ in that they
• dietary: a. of or relating to the diet 饮食的; 规定食物的 • — Will there be any special dietary requirements?
英美文化概论整理
英美文化概论整理－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－英国：1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones.3、（UK）capital:London4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest.5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France.7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland.8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,Welsh and Irish are Celts（凯尔特人）.9、Britain is an island country.It is surrounded by the sea.It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.10、Chunnel stands for channel and tunnel which was cut under the Straits of Dover.With it England and France join together by road.11、90%of the population is urban and only10%is rural.12、The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.The monarch actually has no real power.The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament.Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in1688.Parliament consists of the Sovereign（君主）,the House of Lords （上议院）and the House of Commons（下议院）.13、British constitution is made up of statute law,common law and conventions.14、The festivals:Christmas,Easter,and Whit Sunday.15、The most typically English of sports is cricket(板球).感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
英美概况之美国战 文档全文预览
• General
• Robert E. Lee
• Lee’s Officers
• Stonewall Jackso n • J.E.B. Stuart
• Capitol(s)
• Birmingham AL • Richmond VA
Weapons
• Mini Balls • Grape Shot • Exploding Cannon Balls • Iron Ships
Reconstruction
• Lincoln’s Plan: Forgiveness • J o h n s o n ’ s P l a n : M a r i t a l Law • Impeaching Johnson • Jim Crow
The Nadir
• Nadir: the lowest point. • How could freedom be worse t h a n s l a v e r y ? • The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) • Laws and P r a c t i c e s a g a i n s t Blacks
• Highly Rural (Farmland) • Lower Population • “Home f i e l d advantage” • B e l i e v e d i n the War • Better Generals • B e l i e v e d God was on
• The C i v i l War ended with General Lee s u r r e n d e r i n g a t Appomattox C o u r t h o u s e , VA
英美文化概论-网课答案
英美文化概论-网课答案本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March如果没找到答案，请关注gzh：音速校园。
免费搜题！！！1. 单选题 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.（分）Corn2. 单选题 The Panama Canal was finally built by a ( ) consortium.（分）America3. 单选题 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )（分）Roosevelt4. 单选题 The most popular pets in America is ( ).（分）Cat5. 单选题 Berlin Wall was ended in ( ).（分）19896. 单选题 In China, the life expectancy is ( ) years.（分）757. 单选题 There were ( ) Chief Justice in the Supreme Court.（分）18. 单选题 In American football, the boy who throws the ball is called ( ).（分）没搜到哦~9. 单选题 The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).（分）没搜到哦~10. 单选题 The Super Bowl is usually held ( ).（分）没搜到哦~11. 单选题 Which one is wrong about housing in western countries( )（分）没搜到哦~12. 单选题 When is the Independent Day of America( )（分）没搜到哦~13. 单选题 The first constitution, Article of Confederation was made in ( ).（分）178114. 单选题 Which one is wrong about Franklin Delano Roosevelt( )（分）没搜到哦~15. 单选题 Which is not the reason why people are religious( )（分）没搜到哦~16. 单选题 The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).（分）Agriculture17. 单选题 The first railway was built in ( ).（分）182818. 单选题 The war of Independence was between ( ).（分）没搜到哦~19. 单选题 Registering to vote costs ( ).（分）没搜到哦~20. 单选题 Which country of following is not constitutional monarchy( )（分）USA21. 单选题 The biggest religion by followers is ( ).（分）Christianity22. 单选题 Why is Yellowstone National Park important( )（分）没搜到哦~23. 单选题 The amendments to the Constitution must be supported by ( ) of the States.（分）75%24. 单选题 The main European power was Spain, France, ( ) and Great Britain.（分）Portugal25. 单选题 Where is the headquarter of the UN.( )（分）没搜到哦~26. 单选题 Which is not the three basic principles of the Consititution( )（分）没搜到哦~27. 单选题 George Washington declared ( )（分）没搜到哦~28. 单选题 Which one is wrong about John D. Rockefeller( ).（分）没搜到哦~29. 单选题 68% of the 79 inventors with more than 300 utility paten families are from ( ).（分）USA30. 单选题 For the Christian Church, ( ) is the Sabbath.（分）Sunday31. 单选题 Bill is the short version of ( ).（分）William32. 单选题 According to the 2010 Pew Survey, ( ) of Chinese believe folk religion.（分）%33. 单选题 The first fight between local people and British soldiers was at ( ).（分）没搜到哦~34. 单选题 In the format of western names,which name is put first( )（分）没搜到哦~35. 单选题 Which statement about western marriage is wrong( )（分）没搜到哦~36. 单选题 Why did the French consortium gave up to build the canal( )（分）没搜到哦~37. 单选题 Who is the most powerful person according to the 2013 Forbes List( )（分）没搜到哦~38. 单选题 The GFC Recession started in ( ).（分）没搜到哦~39. 单选题 ( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China.（分）没搜到哦~40. 单选题 Which one of following statement is wrong( )（分）没搜到哦~41. 多选题 All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( )（分）Myanmar&Liberia42. 多选题 What the reason why people are religious（分）没搜到哦~43. 多选题 What kinds of ethnic groups in China（分）Han44. 多选题 What are the services include in the USA（分）Education&Entertainment45. 多选题 What are wrong about George Washington（分）没搜到哦~46. 多选题 What are the key characteristics of religion in America（分）没搜到哦~47. 多选题 What are the goverment of 3 branches in the USA（分）没搜到哦~48. 多选题 What followings are include the three basic principles of the Consititution（分）Republic&Federation49. 多选题 What are right about the Old Faithful（分）没搜到哦~50. 多选题 What the following are American company（分）Google&CocaCola&Facebook&McDonald's51. 多选题 What are the key aspect of Chinese culture（分）没搜到哦~52. 多选题 Who are the supporters of the Republican Party（分）Businessmen&Farmers53. 多选题 What are the similar between the USA and China（分）Area&Literacy54. 多选题 What animal is there in Yellowstone National Park（分）没搜到哦~55. 多选题 What are right about 9/11（分）没搜到哦~56. 判断题 It's expensive to have a horse.( )（分）true57. 判断题 In western countries, eye contact is important.( )（分）true58. 判断题 There is only one given name in western name.( )（分）false59. 判断题 Each State has the same Constitution.( )（分）false60. 判断题 The largest city in Alaska is Anchorage, which is also the capital city.( )（分）false如果没找到答案，请关注gzh：音速校园。
American History 英美概况美国历史
American History➢I. America in the colonial era➢II. The War of Independence➢III. The Civil War➢IV. America during the two World WarsI. America in the colonial era➢Who were the very first Americans?➢Who was the first one discovering the new continent?➢After whom was the new continent named?I. America in the colonial era➢1.The very first Americans were Indians.●They created their civilization, known as Maya civilization, dominating Mexico and Central America from 4th to the 10th centuries.●They were the descendants of the Mongoloid (蒙古人种的) people in Asia.●About 20,000 years ago, they traveled to the North American continent across the Bering Strait (白令海峡).➢2. Christopher Columbus is believed to have discovered America.●In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America. However, he believed he had reached India and called the natives Indians.➢In 1500, Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, also under the Spanish flag, drew the conclusion that what he found was a new continent.3. The establishment of colonies➢Since the America was found, the Spanish established many colonies: Florida, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.➢In 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy，which put England in a better position to provide support for its New World colonies.3. The establishment of colonies➢Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.➢These 13 colonies were established in different patterns:●crown colonies ( 直辖殖民地),●proprietary colonies ( 业主殖民地),●charter colonies ( 特许公司殖民地),●self-governing or compact colonies ( 自治殖民地或契约殖民地).➢1) The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia , in 1607.➢2) In 1620, a group of Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth, and built the New Plymouth colony in New England. These Pilgrims drew up the epoch-making Mayflower Compact (五月花契约), which was signed by all adult males on the ship.3. The establishment of colonies➢3) From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony. ➢Plymouth remained a separate colony until 1691 when it was combined with Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritans➢People who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England.➢"Puritan" refers to two distinct groups:➢"separating" Puritans, radical Protestants, such as the Plymouth colonists, the pilgrims, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; and➢“non-separating” Puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who believed inreform but not separation.Puritans➢(1) Puritans believed that God had set special duties for everyone to carry out.➢(2) These puritans were well known for their spirit of enterprise and high standard of morality.➢(3) Puritans advocated thriftiness in doing things and rejected all church rituals. They demanded equality and opposed all priestly hierarchy.Puritans➢(4) They believed it was noble to protect human rights in their pursuit of wealth.➢(5) Puritans placed great importance on education and founded Harvard College in 1636. Most of the Puritans were well-educated and wealthy.Puritans3. The establishment of colonies➢4) The Rhode Island Colony was founded by dissenters pushed out of Massachusetts.➢5) The other four colonies: the Connecticut Colony, the New Hampshire colony, Maine, Vermont comprises the region, known as New England.3. The establishment of colonies➢The New Englanders, despite their differences, mostly belong to the Puritan group in religion. Their values include the belief in hard work, thriftiness, accumulation of wealth, self-government, acquisitiveness, and Puritanic morality. Their culture laid the foundation of American values and became the American mainstream culture. And New England has been regarded as the cradle of American democracy.3. The establishment of colonies➢6) New York and New Jersey were first colonized by the Dutch while Delaware was founded by the Swedish. These three colonies were later taken over by the English Crown as crown colonies.3. The establishment of colonies➢7) Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. Pen n set up a colony, Pennsylvania, meaning “Penn’s wood”. He adopted a tolerant policy which welcomed any settlers who read the Bible and believed in God. Pennsylvania later played an active role in fighting for America’s independence and against the slave s ystem in the South.3. The establishment of colonies➢8) The other colonies were Maryland, South and North Carolinas, and Georgia.➢So, by 1773, English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.4. Features of American culture:➢1) a blending of European cultures under new circumstances in the New World➢2) less formal but more pragmatic, less conservative and more outspoken;➢3) hard-work, diligence, religious tolerance, respect of individual rights●(people of different national origi ns required social life to show toleration; not interfering in others’ privacy; problems concerning belief became a private affair)➢4) attaching great importance to education●founding Harvard College in Massachusetts 1636 by the Puritans with the original idea of enabling people to read Bible and communicate with God.➢Who were the very first Americans?➢Who is believed to have discovered America?➢After whom America was named?➢Which was the first successful English colony in North America?➢Which was New England comprised of?➢Which were the first 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast?II. The War of Independence➢1. Background➢1) The French and Indian War (The Seven Years’ War, 1756-1763)●The war first broke out in America between French and England, both of which claimed the Ohio River valley.●In 1754, the English colonists started to attack the French troops in this region and this touched off the French and Indian War.●The War, officially declared in Europe in 1756, was also known in Europe as the Seven Years’ War. Many countries in Europe were involved in the war.●Finally, France failed. The French had to sign the 1763 Treaty of Paris and ceded Canada to Britain.➢2) Conflict between England and its colonies:●England imposed new taxes partly in order to defray the cost of fighting the Seven Years’ War, and expected Americans to lodge British soldiers in their homes. The colonists resented the taxes and resisted the quartering of soldiers.●In 1765, the Stamp Act was passed by the English Parliament.●The Act was aiming to collect more taxes from the colonists, which made many colonists unhappy because they were not given a single seat to voice their feelings in the English Parliament at that time, so they raised the slogan of “no taxation without representation”.➢The direct cause: The Boston Tea Party●Because of import duties on tea, many merchants smuggled tea from Holland, instead of importing from England.●In order to deal with the rotting tea in the London warehouses and make more profits, the East India Company,a vital source of British wealth, was allowed by the British Government to sell its tea to the colonies free of import duty.●Colonial merchants were enraged and protested against the unequal treatment. On December 16, 1773, a band of50 men disguised as Indians and led by Samuel Adams dumped 90,000 pounds tea of three British tea-bearing ships lying at anchor in Boston Harbor, worth 90,000 pounds.➢3) the First Continental Congress●In September 1774●held in Philadelphia which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods➢2. process➢1) the first shots●On April 19, 1775, 700 British soldiers were sent to Concord to search for weapons and “rebellious” colonists. When the troops reached Lexington at dawn, they encountered militiamen.●Fighting broke out and the first shots in the American War of Independence were fired.➢2) the Second Continental Congress➢In May, 1775➢held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.➢It founded the Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington.➢Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776.➢The Declaration of Independence➢presenting a public defense of the American War of Independence➢a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke:●men have a natural right to “life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”; government can rule only with “theconsent of the governed”; any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the rights of the people.●This theory is central to the western political tradition.➢3. Results●At first, the war went badly for the Americans.●After endless hard fighting, in October 1777, the Americans defeated the British troops at Saratoga 萨拉托加in Northern New York.●This was the turning point of the War, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S and France. (statue of liberty, 1886)●Finally, in 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, with which, the America won its independence.➢4. After the War of Independence➢1) problem➢How to convert the Confederation into Federation became a big problem for Americans.➢Because of different backgrounds and economic conditions, the 13 states were not closely united.●There were conflicts between radicals and moderates.●Moderates advocated a political economy based on a strong national government that would actively advance commerce and protect private property.●Radicals favoured a different political economy, based on a weaker central government, a more localized democracy, and a hand-off economic policy.➢2) the Constitutional Convention●On May 25, 1787●held in Philadelphia●Fifty-five delegates from all the states except Rhode Island attended the Convention.●These delegates were advocates of a united nation and had been active in the Revolution.●George Washington was elected chairman of the Convention.●James Madison from Virginia took the lead in the work to write a new constitution and he became known as “Father of the U. S. Constitution.”➢3) Federalist Papers 联邦文集●Prominent Federalists such as Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote 85 letters to the newspapers of New York, which were known as the Federalist Papers.●the best explanation of the constitution as well as one of the most important works on political theory➢4) the Bill of Rights人权法案➢The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which was called the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individuals' rights.●Freedom of religion, speech and the press;●The right to keep and bear arms;●The right against unreasonable searches and seizures;●The right against self-incrimination ( 自证其罪).。
美国文学史第7部分
Backward
Forward
Chapter 7: the Era of Realism and Naturalism
Over 23 million foreigners -- German, Scandinavian, and Irish in the early years, and increasingly Central and Southern Europeans thereafter -- flowed into the United States between 1860 and 1910. Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino contract laborers were imported by Hawaiian plantation owners, railroad companies, and other American business interests on the West Coast. In 1860, most Americans lived on farms or in small villages, but by 1919 half of the population was concentrated in about 12 cities. Problems of urbanization and industrialization appeared: poor and overcrowded housing, unsanitary conditions, low pay (called "wage slavery"), difficult working conditions, and inadequate restraints on business. Labor unions grew, and strikes brought the plight of working people to national awareness. Farmers, too, saw themselves struggling against the "money interests" of the East, the so-called robber barons like J.P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller. Their eastern banks tightly controlled mortgages and credit so vital to western development and agriculture, while railroad companies charged high prices to transport farm products to the cities. The farmer gradually became an object of ridicule, lampooned as an unsophisticated "hick" or "rube." The ideal American of the post-Civil War period became the millionaire.
英美文化概论尔雅满分答案
英美文化概论尔雅满分答案－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters正确答案：D2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×英美文化概论1.1Western Names1 In the format of western names,which name is put first?( )A、Family nameB、Last nameC、SurnameD、First name正确答案：D2 Bill is the short version of ( ).A、WilliamB、StevenC、RobertD、Richard正确答案：A3 There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案：×1.2What is Culture1 Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. A、traditionsB、habitsC、customsD、costumes正确答案：C2 Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( )A、Chinese foodB、Spring FestivelC、Chinese medicineD、Football正确答案：D3 Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案：×2.1Topography of the USA1 ( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.A、ColoradoB、IndianaC、AlabamaD、Alaska正确答案：D2 Which is the largest states by population?( )A、TexasB、New YorkC、CaliforniaD、Florida正确答案：C3 Boston is on the West Coast of America.( )正确答案：×2.2Three Icons of America1 Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( )A、Because it is the first national park in the world.B、Because it is in America.C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案：A2 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )A、MadisonB、RooseveltC、KennedyD、Adams正确答案：B3 Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )A、The United KingdomB、CanadaC、AustraliaD、France正确答案：D2.3Comparison of the USA and China (1)1 In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America. A、3 timesB、4 timesC、5 timesD、6 times正确答案：B2 Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China?( )A、China has more railways than America.B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案：A3 The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).A、DomesticB、IndustryC、LivestockD、Agriculture正确答案：D4 Which is not the major environment issues of America?( )A、Air pollutionB、Water shortageC、Loss of agricultural landD、desertification正确答案：C5 America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案：×2.4Comparison of the USA and China (2)1 The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).A、White, Hispanic and BlackB、White, Black and HispanicC、White, Black and AsianD、White, Asian and Black正确答案：A2 All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.A、the UKB、B、the USAC、C、FranceD、D、Japan正确答案：B3 1 kilogram is ( ) pounds.A、0.6B、1.7C、2.1D、2.2正确答案：D4 Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案：×3.1Overview1 Which country is the second largest economy in the world?( )A、ChinaB、JapanC、South KoreaD、Germany正确答案：A2 Which one of following is not an American company?( )A、GoogleB、CocaColaC、Facebook正确答案：D3 Per capita means a person.( )正确答案：√3.2Comparison of USA and China1 Which one is right about the labour force in America and China?( )A、Most of American labour force are in services.B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案：A2 The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.A、CanadaB、MexicoC、JapanD、South Korea正确答案：C3 ( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China. A、Water B、Nuclear C、Wind D、Coal正确答案：D4 Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in the economy.( ) 正确答案：×5 Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案：√3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy productsand chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×完整版答案请打开微信扫一扫下方二维码，关注公众号帮帮ING并回复英美文化本公众号提供210门尔雅视频课选修课答案和高等数学同济第七版答案等大学350门课后答案感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。