高考英语语法-省略与替代
高中语法进阶宾语从句的省略与替代
高中语法进阶宾语从句的省略与替代高中语法进阶：宾语从句的省略与替代导言：在学习英语语法的过程中，宾语从句是一个重要的概念。
它在句子中充当宾语的角色，用来陈述行为或者描述意愿、想法等。
而在宾语从句的使用中，省略与替代也是一种常见的技巧，能够使句子更加简洁、流畅。
本文将介绍高中语法进阶中的宾语从句省略与替代技巧，帮助学生更好地掌握英语语法知识并提高写作能力。
一、宾语从句的省略宾语从句的省略主要包括省略主语、省略谓语以及省略主语和谓语。
下面将详细介绍这三种情况的省略规则和例子。
1. 省略主语当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语动词是可以省略的动词（如：think, believe, hope, say等）时，我们可以将从句的主语省略。
例：主句：He said (that) he would come to the party.宾语从句：(that) he would come to the party.省略后的句子：He said he would come to the party.2. 省略谓语当宾语从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词一样时，我们可以将从句的谓语动词省略。
这种情况下，需要注意宾语从句的主语与主句的主语是否一致。
例：主句：I know (that) he is a doctor.宾语从句：(that) he is a doctor.省略后的句子：I know he is a doctor.3. 省略主语和谓语当宾语从句中的主语和谓语都与主句相同，并且从句是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，我们可以将主语和谓语省略。
例：主句：She doesn't know whether she should go or not.宾语从句：whether she should go or not.省略后的句子：She doesn't know.二、宾语从句的替代除了省略的技巧外，宾语从句还可以使用替代词来简化和丰富句子结构，增强表达的灵活性。
替代与省略
替代与省略替代和省略是语言中常见的现象，用于简化表达或避免重复。
下面是一些常见的替代和省略方式：1. 代词替代：使用代词来替代先前提到的名词，以避免重复。
例：John is my friend. He is very kind.（约翰是我的朋友。
他非常友善。
）2. 动词省略：在一些情况下，可以省略主语后面的谓语动词，因为主语已经明确。
例：She sings well, and he does too.（她唱得很好，他也是。
）3. 助动词省略：在一些情况下，可以省略助动词，因为上下文已经明确。
例：I can play the piano, and she can too.（我会弹钢琴，她也会。
）4. to-infinitive 省略：在一些情况下，可以省略不定式中的 to。
例：I want to eat, and she wants to too.（我想吃饭，她也想。
）5. that 省略：在一些情况下，可以省略宾语从句中的that。
例：She said she would come, but I don't think she will.（她说她会来，但我不认为她会。
）6. of 省略：在一些情况下，可以省略介词 of。
例：A cup of coffee, please.（请来一杯咖啡。
）7. be 动词省略：在一些情况下，可以省略 be 动词。
例：He is a doctor, and she is too.（他是医生，她也是。
）8. 省略冠词：在一些情况下，可以省略冠词。
例：I have car.（我有辆车。
）需要注意的是，替代和省略的使用要根据具体语境和语法规则来确定，有时候省略可能会导致理解上的困惑，因此在书面语和正式场合中，应尽量避免过度的替代和省略。
高中语法进阶定语从句的省略与替代
高中语法进阶定语从句的省略与替代定语从句是英语中常见的从句结构之一，用来修饰名词或代词，对句子的意思起到进一步说明和限制的作用。
在定语从句的使用中，有时可以省略或替代一些成分，以便更流畅地表达。
本文将探讨高中语法进阶中定语从句的省略与替代方式。
一、定语从句的省略1.省略“关系词+be动词”定语从句中的关系词如果在从句中作为主语，并且此主语是不可省略的be动词时，我们可以将其省略。
例如：The book that is on the desk is mine.（在桌子上的那本书是我的。
）The book on the desk is mine.2.省略“关系代词+be动词+主语”当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作为主语，并且关系代词后有be动词和主语时，我们可以将关系代词、be动词和主语一起省略。
例如：The boy who is reading a book is my brother.（正在看书的那个男孩是我弟弟。
）The boy reading a book is my brother.3.省略“关系代词+动词be”当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作为宾语，并且宾语后紧跟be动词时，我们可以将关系代词和be动词一起省略。
例如：I have a friend who is from Canada.（我有一个来自加拿大的朋友。
）I have a friend from Canada.4.省略“关系代词+谓语动词”当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作为宾语，并且宾语后紧跟谓语动词时，我们可以将关系代词省略。
例如：The book that I borrowed from the library is interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
）The book I borrowed from the library is interesting.二、定语从句的替代1.用“which”替代可数名词的定语从句当定语从句中的先行词是可数名词，并且定语从句中的先行词前有逗号时，我们可以用关系副词"which"来替代定语从句。
高中语法技巧宾语从句的省略与替代
高中语法技巧宾语从句的省略与替代高中语法技巧：宾语从句的省略与替代宾语从句在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色，它能够作为一个整体来充当动词的宾语，并且可以对话句子提供更多的信息和丰富的表达方式。
然而，在实际运用中，我们可以通过省略或替代宾语从句的一部分来简化句子结构，使其更加简洁明了。
本文将介绍高中语法技巧中关于宾语从句的省略与替代的方法。
一、宾语从句的省略1. 省略that/whether在某些情况下，宾语从句中的连接词that和whether可以省略。
例如：- I know (that) he is a hardworking student.- Can you tell me (whether) she will come to the party?这种省略通常出现在动词表示观察、感觉、思考、告诉等交际动词之后，例如believe, know, think, consider, imagine等等。
2. 省略连接代词在一些情况下，宾语从句中的连接代词也可以被省略。
例如：- I have no idea where he is.- They haven't decided when to start the project.这种省略通常出现在动词表示知道、确定、发现、忘记等之后，例如find out, remember, forget, decide, know等等。
3. 省略部分谓语在一些情况下，宾语从句中的谓语动词可以被省略。
例如：- He told me his sister can play the piano. (原句：He told me that his sister can play the piano.)- They want to know if the movie is worth watching. (原句：They wantto know if the movie is worth watching or not.)这种省略通常出现在谓语动词使役动词（tell, ask, advise, remind等）之后。
英语中的省略和替代
(3) Should there be a flood, what should we do?
(If there should be a flood)
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5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构： 在以if, when, though, as if (好象)等连词引导 的从句中, 如从句中的主要动词是be, 常将主语 it 和动词be 省略。 If it is necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要, 我们就往家里打电报。 Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。
1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 2) help 当“帮助”讲时, 后面的宾语或宾补的
不定式符号to可带可不带。
I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it. (3) 介词but前若有动词do, 后面的不定式不带
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简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。
(1) (You) Come in, please.
(2) ( I ) See you tomorrow.
(3) ( I ) Thank you for your help.
(4) ( I ) Beg your pardon.
英语语法讲解省略及替代
②—What do you think made Mary so
upset?
— _____ her bicycle.（1997上海卷）
A. As she lostB. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
③— Do you mind if I open the window? — _____ I feel a bit cold.（2004广东卷） A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?
mind at the time, nor will _____.
（2004江苏卷）
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
三、考查答语中的省略
▪ 1. 有时可用so或not作替代语，替代 前面已表达过的意思，以避免重复 前面所说的内容。可用于动词think, believe, hope, suppose, expect, guess, imagine以及be afraid, of course, certainly, perhaps, why等后面。
[原题再现] ①One of the sides of the board should
be painted yellow, and _____. （2000北京春季卷）
A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white ②In some western countries, the rich are
高中语法解析名词性从句的省略与替代
高中语法解析名词性从句的省略与替代名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它在句子中起到名词的作用。
在名词性从句中，有时候我们可以进行省略和替代，以达到简化句子结构和提高表达效果的目的。
本文将对名词性从句的省略与替代进行解析。
一、名词性从句的省略名词性从句可以根据句子的上下文和语境，进行一定的省略。
主要有以下几种情况。
1. 省略由that引导的从句在一些情况下，由that引导的名词性从句可以省略掉that。
例如：- She said (that) she would come to the party.她说她会来参加派对。
这里的that可以省略，仍然能够保持句子的完整和语义的连贯。
2. 省略由whether或if引导的从句当名词性从句是一个宾语从句或介词宾语从句，并且从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以将whether或if引导的从句省略。
例如：- He asked if/whether I had finished my homework.他问我是否完成了作业。
这里的if/whether可以省略，句子依然完整且意思清楚。
3. 省略由疑问词引导的从句当名词性从句由疑问词引导（如who, what, where等），而且在从句中充当主语时，可以省略疑问词。
例如：- Who will go with me is still uncertain.谁会和我一起去还不确定。
这里的疑问词who可以省略，整个句子仍然通顺。
二、名词性从句的替代除了省略，名词性从句还可以通过替代词或短语来简化句子结构。
主要有以下几种情况。
1. 替代词it名词性从句中，有时候可以使用替代词it来代替整个从句。
这种情况下，it在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，而原本的名词性从句则置于句末。
例如：- It is important to learn English.学英语很重要。
这里的it代替了整个名词性从句，使句子更加简洁明了。
2. 替代词so名词性从句中，有时候可以用替代词so来代替整个从句，表示“这样的情况”或“这样一种事实”。
高中语法解析虚拟语气的省略与替代
高中语法解析虚拟语气的省略与替代虚拟语气是语法中一个非常重要的概念，它在英语表达中起着至关重要的作用。
通过使用虚拟语气，我们可以表达出对于一定条件下的假设、推测、建议或者命令等情态信息。
在高中阶段，学生们需要详细了解虚拟语气的用法，并且学会正确地运用它。
而在虚拟语气中，省略与替代是一个相对复杂的概念，需要我们更加深入地理解并掌握。
一、省略虚拟语气虚拟语气中的省略指的是在从句中省略掉一些虚拟语气的成分，但其意义仍然可以清晰地传达给读者。
常见的虚拟语气省略包括：if从句中的省略、过去完成时态的省略等。
1. if从句中的省略在某些情况下，if从句中的主语和情态动词可以被省略掉，因为它们已经可以通过上下文推断出来。
例如：- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）- Were I you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）在第二个句子中，if从句中的主语"I"和情态动词"were"都被省略了，但是读者仍然可以理解句子的意思。
2. 过去完成时态的省略在虚拟语气中，过去完成时态有时可以省略掉had，因为通过上下文可以推断出had的存在。
例如：- If I known, I would have helped you.（如果我知道了，我会帮助你的。
）- If I known, I would've helped you.（如果我知道了，我会帮助你的。
）在第二个句子中，过去完成时态中的had被省略掉了，但读者仍然可以明白句子的意思。
二、替代虚拟语气除了省略虚拟语气的成分外，虚拟语气还可以通过替代来表达。
常见的替代形式包括：动词原形、should、would等。
1. 动词原形的替代在某些情况下，虚拟语气中的动词原形可以替代带有情态动词的虚拟语气形式。
例如：- I suggest that he go to bed early.（我建议他早点睡觉。
英文中的替代与省略现象
英文中的替代与省略现象替代现象替代的定义在英文中，替代（Substitution）是一种语言现象，指的是在句子或篇章中，用一个词语或结构来代替另一个词语或结构，以避免重复，增强语言的连贯性和经济性。
替代的类型1. 名词性替代：使用代词（如he, she, it, they等）或不定代词（如one, ones, some等）来代替前面提到的名词或名词短语。
例句：My cat is playing with a ball. It looks very happy.（句中的“it”替代了前面的“my cat”）2. 动词性替代：使用助动词（如do, does, did等）加so或not来代替前面提到的动词短语。
例句：She likes to dance. So do I.（句中的“so do I”替代了“I also like to dance”）3. 分句性替代：使用替代词（如so, not等）或替代结构（如the same as, such as等）来代替前面提到的整个分句或句子。
例句：John is a good student. So is Mary.（句中的“so is Mary”替代了“Mary is also a good student”）替代的作用替代在英文中的作用主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 避免重复：通过使用替代，可以避免在文章中重复使用相同的词语或结构，使语言更加简洁。
2. 增强连贯性：替代能够建立句子或段落之间的联系，使文章更加连贯流畅。
3. 强调信息：通过选择适当的替代词或结构，可以突出文章中的重点信息，增强表达效果。
省略现象省略的定义省略（Ellipsis）是英文中另一种常见的语言现象，指的是在句子或篇章中，为了表达简洁或避免重复，故意省略某些词语或结构，但不影响句子的完整性和理解。
省略的类型1. 名词性省略：在上下文清晰的情况下，省略名词或名词短语。
例句：I have a pen. She has a pencil.（句中的“a pencil”前省略了“has”，因为与前一句结构相似）2. 动词性省略：在并列结构或从句中，省略与前面相同的动词。
英语语法讲解省略及替代
⑤—You haven't lost the ticket, have you? — _____. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment. 江苏卷） （2004江苏卷） 江苏卷 A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
注意： 注意：如果承前省略的不定式内容 或助动词have时，不定式符号 有be或助动词 或助动词 时 to后要保留 或have。如： 后要保留be或 后要保留 。 1. —Are you a farmer? —No, but I used to be. 2. Alice is not what she used to be . 3. He didn’t come, but he ought to have.
③I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city.（2005江苏卷） （ 江苏卷） 江苏卷 A. ones B. one C. that D. those ④We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.(NMET2004) A. it B. one C. himself D. another
[原题再现 原题再现] 原题再现 ①—Have you been to New Zealand? —No, I’d like to, _____.（2005山东卷） 山东卷） （ 山东卷 A. too B. though C. yet D. either ②—Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for? —I had planned to, but I was ￡50 _____. 福建卷） （2005福建卷） 福建卷 A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short
高中语法解析从句的省略与替代
高中语法解析从句的省略与替代高中语法解析：从句的省略与替代在高中语法学习中，掌握从句的省略与替代是非常重要的一部分。
从句的省略与替代能够使句子更加简洁，同时也能够提高句子的流畅度。
在本文中，将详细介绍从句的省略与替代的规则和应用。
一、从句的省略从句的省略是指在句子中可以省略掉的一部分从句。
具体而言，以下几个情况下可以省略从句：1. 主语从句省略：当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语。
例如：- 降雨使得田地变得湿润。
→使田地变得湿润。
2. 宾语从句省略：当宾语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语。
例如：- 我觉得他是个好老师。
→我觉得是。
3. 表语从句省略：当表语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语。
例如：- 成为一名医生是他的梦想。
→成为一名医生是梦想。
二、从句的替代从句的替代是指用代词或副词等来替代从句的一部分。
以下是几个常见的从句替代情况：1. 主语从句的替代：主语从句可以被 it 或 what 替代。
例如：- 读书是提高知识的有效途径。
→阅读是提高知识的有效途径。
2. 宾语从句的替代：宾语从句可以被 it、what 或 that 替代。
例如：- 我希望你能够来参加我的生日派对。
→我希望你能来参加我的生日派对。
3. 定语从句的替代：定语从句可以被关系代词 that、which 或省略替代。
例如：- 我喜欢的饭店已经关门了。
→我喜欢的饭店已经关门。
总结：从句的省略与替代在高中语法学习中起到了非常重要的作用。
掌握了从句的省略与替代的规则和应用，不仅可以使句子更加简洁流畅，还可以提高语言表达的准确性和得体性。
希望通过本文的介绍，能够帮助同学们更好地理解和应用从句的省略与替代。
以上就是关于高中语法解析：从句的省略与替代的文章内容。
希望对同学们的语法学习有所帮助。
高考英语省略与替代
省略与替代训练指要省略是在表达时，为了避免重复，突出新信息，并使上下文紧密连接而使用的一种修辞手法。
省略使句子更加简洁灵便。
遵循省略的规律和习惯，有利于语言交际能力的提高和阅读理解能力的加强。
替代则是指用替代词代替上下文中出现过的词语或整个句子，也是避免重复、连接上下文的手段之一。
替代的方法通常有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和从句性替代。
1．（2003春季全国高考题）The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeingB. havingC. to have seenD. to see2．（2002全国高考题）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. itD. what3．I often think of my childhood, during ________ I lived on my uncle’s farm.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who4．—May I help you with some shoes, sir?—Yes, I’d like to try on those white ________.A. oneB. onesC. twoD. pair5．Here are four choices, which do you think is the best ________?A. choicesB. thatC. onesD. /6．—What’s the difference between the first house and the second?—The first one has a garage while the second has ________.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. neither7．—Have you ever been to Shanghai?—________.A. Not yetB. Haven’tC. Yet notD. Still not8．—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party.—________.A. I don’tB. I won’tC. I don’t forgetD. I won’t forget9．—Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning.—________. I’ll be as early as a bird.A. OK. I willB. I’m afraid 1 canC. Of course notD. No, I will10．—What’s the matter with you?—I didn’t pass the test, but 1 still ________A. hope soB. hope toC. hope itD. hope that11．—Is she really ill?—________. She’s in hospital.A. I hope soB. I’m sureC. 1 don’t think soD. I’m afraid so12．I am happy if you ________.A. happyB. areC. willD. be13．—I say it is your turn to be on duty today.—________?A. MineB. IC. MyselfD. Me 14．Don’t come in unless ________.A. invitingB. inviting toC. invited toD. being invited to15．—I usually go there by train.—Why not ________ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. try to goC. to try and goD. try going16．The doctor did what he could ________ the boy, but in vain.A. saveB. to saveC. savingD. saved17．He spent most of his spare time ________ novels.A. to readB. readingC. to readingD. for reading18．All the girl want ________ do is ________ stay at home and study hard.A. /; toB. to; toC. to; /D. either B or C19．—Why did you take a taxi?—I ________. I was late.A. have toB. have to doC. had toD. had to do20．—Why didn’t you do your homework yesterday?—But ________, sir.A. I did soB. I didn’t do itC. I didn’t forgetD. I did do it21．He is very famous here, so we had no trouble ________ him yesterday.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. in founding22．—How often do they give the concert?—________.A. For twice a monthB. In twice a monthC. Twice a monthD. Twice month23．He is not ________ his sister, but ________.A. taller than; strongerB. so tall as; strongC. taller than; is strongerD. as tall as; stronger24．—You look happy today, Mary.—I like my new dress and Mother ________, too.A. likesB. doesC. isD. do 25．—What do you think made Mary so upset?—________ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing26．—Who’s got all my money?—He ________.A. doesB. isC. wasD. has27．The children are made ________ twelve hours a day.A. to workB. workC. workingD. worked28．We often hear him ________ English songs.A. to singB. singC. singingD. to be singing29．I’m very busy preparing for the exam, so I can’t help ________ the house work.A. doingB. doC. didD. done30．What doctors can do is ________ people’s life.A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. A or C 31．Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.A. tellB. toldC. was toldD. having told32．Ask him to take you home ________ possible.A. atB. whileC. ifD. if they33．The English book for kids is the best of its kind ________.A. that has ever been madeB. ever madeC. ever been madeD. has ever been made34．—Will Susan win the Nobel Prize this time?—It is likely that she ________.A. willB. doesC. will doD. wins it35．I prefer the climate of Kunming to ________ of Wuhan.A. itB. oneC. thisD. that36．—Mr. Black has just arrived.—Really? ________. He didn’t accept our invitation.A. I can’t imagine itB. 1 don’t think soC. I hope soD. I don’t believe him37．They live on a busy main road. ________ must be very noisy.A. ThereB. ItC. ThatD. They38．We don’t go to the cinema as much as ________.A. we used to goB. we used to doC. used toD. we used to39．Canada has a large area than ________ China.A. that ofB. the one ofC. it ofD. /40．________, I’ll have a letter sent to your company.A. If necessaryB. If it were necessaryC. As I’m necessaryD. Unless it is necessary41．—Shall I invite Mike to my party?—Yes, it will be nice if you ________.A. invitedB. do inviteC. areD. invite42．—Have you been here long?—________.A. No, not veryB. Not muchC. Yes, only littleD. No, only yesterday 43．—Do you follow me?—Yes, ________.A. it is goodB. I willC. perfectlyD. very good44．Look out for cars ________ the street.A. when crossedB. when crossingC. if you crossedD. while you are crossing 45．She worked very hard ________ still rather poor in health.A. though sheB. although sheC. thoughD. although was46．—Is the stamp very unusual?—________.A. Yes, very muchB. Yes, it is soC. Yes, veryD. Yes, not very47．—Can you climb that tree, my boy?—________?A. IB. MineC. MyselfD. Me48．—Will you waste your time and money on that?—Certainly ________.A. will notB. noC. itD. not49．—What happened to the boy? He’s making so much noise.—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ________.A. notB. toC. not toD. 不填50．—Shall I wake you up tomorrow morning?—Yes, ________.A. please doB. you shallC. you willD. you may51．You have three children, but I have only two ________.A. oneB. onesC. /D. child52．—Mary said the lecture was boring.—Yes, I said ________.A. soB. thisC. the kindD. the same53．—Alice, why didn’t you do it the day before?—I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. does54．—Do you need a new tie to go with your new suit, Mr. Smith?—No. ________.A. I’m having plenty of tiesB. I have lots of ties to do itC. I think I have several that will doD. There are lots of ties to do it55．—Are you a film star?—________.A. Yes, I wasB. I used to beC. I used toD. I’m used to56．—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?—Not at all. ________.A. I’ve no timeB. I’d rather notC. I’d like itD. I’d be happy to57．—I’m going to dig it up.—What ________?A. withB. byC. atD. from58．Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl did not dare ________ in her room. A. sleeping B. to sleepingC. sleepD. slept59．—They have done a good job.—________. Let’s go to congratulate them.A. So they have doneB. So they haveC. So have theyD. So is it60．He smokes a lot. Does his father ________?A. smoke soB. smoke thatC. do soD. did that参考答案1~5 DBABD 6~10 BABAB11~15 DBACD 16~20 BBDCD21~25 BCABC 26~30 DABBD31~35 BCBAD 36~40 ABDDA41~45 AACBC 46~50 CDDCA51~55 CDCCB 56~60 DACBC【解析】1．根据上下文，空白处为he wanted to see之省略。
替代和省略
b) do代替动词词组中心词 当前述动词是及物动词，并且有关的两个宾语 不一致时，通常用do代替后面动词词组的中心 词。例如： John plays the piano better than he does the guitar. (do代替动词词组中心词play) Mr. Jackson speaks French as fluently as he does German. (do代替动词词组中心词speak)
c) do so的用法 当前述动词词组是“及物动词+宾语”的结构， 表示一个有意识的或具体的动作，或当前述动 词词组是“不及物动词+状语”结构时，通常 用do so来代替该动词词组。 He told me to open the door and I did so as quickly as possible. (动宾结构，一次性的具体动作) A: He smokes a lot. B: Does his brother do so? (―动词+状语”结构)
b) so用于“so+主语+助动词或情态动词”结 构，表示“不错”，“对了”，“是吗？”等 意思，含有“同意，感兴趣”的意味。在该结 构中，so代替上文中的内容。 “It is raining.‖ – ―So it is.‖ ―下雨了。” – ―果然下了。” “I like hard chairs.‖ – ―So you do.‖ ―我喜欢坐硬椅子。” – ―是吗！”
2. 省略 有时一个句子中的某些成分被省掉了，这种情 况在语法中被称为省略。和替代一样，省略的 目的也是为了避免重复，使语言精炼。
1）简单句中的省略 a) 通常出现在对话中，作为对别人提问的应答。 “Get up!‖ – ―I am.‖ (保留了助动词am，省略了主动词getting up) ―Will you join us?‖ – ―I’d love to.‖ (保留了不定式符号to，省略了动词join you) ―When is the plane due to arrive?‖ – ―In about two hours.‖ (保留了与问题有关的部分，即时间状语，省略了主 谓部分) ―How is the weather?‖ – ―Going to be fine, I guess.‖ (保留了与问题有关的部分，即主动词和系表，省略 了主语和助动词)
高考英语语法考点省略与代替精讲与精练
目录
目录
Байду номын сангаас 知识详解
其它形式的省略
1.宾语从句连词省略 宾语从句口语中可省略that，但在几个并列的宾语
从句中，第二个后的that不能省略 例句：
We all know that the earth runs around the sun. Mary said that she is from American and that she is 16 years old.
目录
知识详解
主从复合句中的省略
7.主句中有一些成分被省略
例句：
I am sorry to hear you are ill. It’s a Pity that he missed such a good chance.
目录
目录
知识详解
并列中的省略
两个并列句中，后一分句省略与前一分句相同的部分.
数现成的说法.
例句：
I thank you for your help. It doesn’t matter.
目录
知识详解
简单句中的省略
2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 例句：
There is no smoking. Will you have a smoke ? What do you think about a cup of tea ? Why do you not say hello to him ?
He suggest we should set out right away. His suggestion is that we should set out right away. It’s very important that students should study hard at school.
高中语法指南不定代词的省略与替代
高中语法指南不定代词的省略与替代高中语法指南：不定代词的省略与替代在英语中，不定代词是一类用以代替名词或名词短语的词汇，常见的有somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing等。
然而，当我们在表达时，有时会遇到不定代词的省略与替代，这就是我们今天要探讨的话题。
一、不定代词的省略1. 不定代词在特定语境下可以被省略，以避免重复或使句子更简洁。
例如：- I have something to tell you, but I forgot what it was.（我有事要告诉你，但我忘记是什么了。
）- Did you buy anything at the supermarket? No, I didn't buy anything.（你在超市买了什么吗？没有，我什么都没买。
）在这两个例句中，不定代词something与anything在第二个句子中被省略了，因为它们的意思在上下文中已经表达清楚，省略后可以使句子更流畅。
2. 不定代词的省略还需要注意一些特殊情况。
a) 当不定代词与形容词连用时，通常不能省略。
例如：- He is someone special.（他是个特别的人。
）b) 当不定代词被否定或包含否定前缀的副词修饰时，不定代词不能省略。
例如：- I can't find anything in the fridge.（我冰箱里什么都找不到。
）二、不定代词的替代在一些情况下，我们可以用其他词来替代不定代词，以避免重复或使句子更具表现力。
1. 指示代词this/that/these/those可用来替代不定代词，表示具体的事物或人。
例如：- He wants to buy a new car. This is his dream.（他想要买一辆新车。
这是他的梦想。
）这里的this引用了上文提到的"a new car"，起到了替代不定代词的作用。
高考英语语法省略与替代
高考英语语法-省略与替代（一）并列句中的省略在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。
如：Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested.（二）简单句中的省略1．省略主语1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。
如：(You) Be seated, please.2）其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
如：(I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。
）(It)Doesn’t matter. （没关系。
）2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
如：(There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。
）(Is there) Anything else ?（还有其他事吗？）(You come) This way, please. （请这边走）。
(Will you)Have a smoke ?（吸支烟？）What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?（来一杯怎么样？）Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）3．省略宾语。
如：—Do you know Miss Gao ?（你认识高小姐吗？）—I don’t know（her）. （我不认识。
）—Which of them is the better choice ?（他们中谁是更合适的人选？）—Well, it’s hard to tell（it）. （哟，这很难说。
）4．省略表语。
如：—Are you thirsty ?（你渴吗？）—Yes, I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。
）5．同时省略几个成分。
如：—Are you feeling better now ?（你觉得好些吗？）—（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。
高三语法总复习省略与替代
省略与替代
可编辑ppt
1
对话中的省略
• 对话中往往用省略答句，如： • “Is she going to school?” • “No, to the shops.” • “I hope you don’t mind my pointing out your
mistakes.” • “Not at all.”
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9
状语从句中的省略
• 9.Whatever the cause, the effect is certain. • 10. His opinion, whether right or wrong,
should be considered. • 由however, whatever, whenever, wherever,
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5
宾语从句中的省略
• 并列句中的宾语从句由which, when, where, how, why等疑问词引导时，可一直保留wh疑问词，省略其后的分句。如：
• He told me he would come, but I don’t know when (he would come).
willingness to change. 可编辑ppt
8
状语从句中的省略
• 8.Although (he was) the youngest of the class, he was the best.
• 由though，although，even if引导的让步状 语从句，通常省略主语和be动词。
• 由when, while, till和until引导的状语从句， 通常省略主语和be动词。
• 12. The nation rose as a giant.
高中语法指南主语从句的省略与替代
高中语法指南主语从句的省略与替代高中语法指南：主语从句的省略与替代在英语语法中，主语从句是指在句子中充当主语的从句。
在一些情况下，我们可以对主语从句进行省略或者替代，以使句子更加简洁明了。
本文将详细介绍主语从句的省略与替代的规则和用法。
一、主语从句的省略在一些情况下，主语从句可以在句子中被省略，而只保留谓语动词和其他成分。
以下是主语从句省略的几种常见情况：1. 当主语从句后面的谓语动词为感官动词（如see, hear, smell, watch 等）或者使役动词（如make, have, let等）时，可以省略主语从句。
例如：(1) I heard (that) she is coming to the party.(2) He made (it) clear that he didn't want to go.2. 当主语从句与主句的主语相同，并且主语从句中含有连接词that 时，可以省略主语从句。
例如：(1) That she is late is not surprising.(2) It is strange that he didn't come to the meeting.3. 当主语从句中的主语是不定式短语，且主句主语是it时，可以省略主语从句。
例如：(1) It is important to study hard.(2) It is necessary to finish the project on time.二、主语从句的替代除了可以省略主语从句外，我们还可以使用一些替代结构来代替主语从句，以达到简洁明了的目的。
1. 使用it作形式主语：当主语从句较长或者复杂时，可以使用it作为形式主语，并把主语从句移到句末。
例如：(1) Whether we can win the game or not is still unknown.--> It is still unknown whether we can win the game or not.(2) If you want to succeed in life, you must work hard.--> It is necessary to work hard if you want to succeed in life.2. 使用名词词组或动词不定式作形式主语：当主语从句难以直接处理时，可以使用名词词组或者动词不定式作为形式主语，并将主语从句移到句末。
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高考英语语法-省略与替代（一）并列句中的省略在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。
如：Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and som e few (are) to be chewed and digested.（二）简单句中的省略1．省略主语1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。
如：(You) Be seated, please.2）其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
如：(I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。
）(It)Doesn’t matter. （没关系。
）2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
如：(There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。
）(Is there) Anything else ?（还有其他事吗？）(You come) This way, please. （请这边走）。
(Will you)Have a smoke ?（吸支烟？）What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?（来一杯怎么样？）Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）3．省略宾语。
如：—Do you know Miss Gao ?（你认识高小姐吗？）—I don’t know（her）. （我不认识。
）—Which of them is the better choice ?（他们中谁是更合适的人选？）—Well, it’s hard to tell（it）. （哟，这很难说。
）4．省略表语。
如：—Are you thirsty ?（你渴吗？）—Yes, I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。
）5．同时省略几个成分。
如：—Are you feeling better now ?（你觉得好些吗？）—（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。
）—Have you finished your work ?（你完成工作了吗？）—（I have）Not（finished my work）yet. （还没有。
）（I wish）Good luck（to you）！（祝你顺利！）6．其他一些省略结构1）名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。
如：We spent the weekend at the Blacks’.2）what和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。
如：What a wonderful victory（it is）for Wilma!How wonderful（it was）to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad.3）不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，expect，forget，h ope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，wand，wis h等后边。
如：I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.②在have，need，ought，be going，，used等后。
如：I didn’t want to go there,but I had to.③在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后，如：—Will you join in the game ?—I’d be glad to.④否定形式的省略用not to。
如：—Shall I go instead of him ?—I prefer not to.⑤如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。
如：—Are you a sailor ?—No, but I used to be.—He hasn’t finished yet.—Well, he ought to have.（三）复合句中的省略1．定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略；当先行词是time，reason，place时作状语的关系副词when，why，where 也可以省去。
如：This is the first time（when）he had trouble with the boss.2．当wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时，可以把重复的内容省去，而保留wh-疑问词。
如：Tom was sad, but I don’t know why（he was sad）.3．状语从句中的省略现象一般来说，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中：由when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从句；由if，unless，whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though，altho ugh，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句，由as，than引导的让步状语从句；由as，as if，as though 方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时，并不是任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循一定的原则：1）当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：①连词(as, as if, once) + 名词Once（he was）a teacher, he now works in a government office.②连词(though，whether，when) + 形容词Work hard when（you are）young, or you’ll regret.③连词(whether, as if, while) + 介词短语He looked everywhere as if（he was）in search of something.④连词(when，while，though) + 现在分词While（I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called.⑤连词（when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as）+ 过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than（it was）expected.⑥连词（as if，as though）+ 不定式He opened his lips as if（he were）to speak.注意：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略：Her father told her to be careful when（she was）crossing the street. 2）当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系统动词be时，可以把it 和系动词be一起省略。
此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever) + 形容词的结构。
如：Unless（it is）necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not（you don’t get up early），you will mi ss the first bus.He may not be at home then, if so（he is not at home），leave him a note.替代（一）so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词、词组或句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be afraid，believe，become，all，do，expect，fear，hope，imagine，say，see，speak，suppose，think等的宾语。
Not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably，absolutely 等副词后。
如：She was not angry at first, but became so（=angry）after a while. —Is he the best student in the class ?—I think so（=He is best student in the class. ）—I think not（=He is not the best student in the class）.（二）替代的应用1．So可以放在句首或句尾，但若谓语动词是see, notice, hear等，则只能放在句首。
如：I believe（say, think…）so. =So I believe（say, think…）.—He is absent today.—So I see（hear, notice）.2．在表示肯定或怀疑意义的句中不可用so。
如：误：I doubt so.正：I doubt it.3．在ask和know之后也不用so。
如：误：Why do you ask so ?正：Why do you ask that ?4．do so一般只用替代动态动词，不替代静态动词。
如：She said she would go with me, but she didn’t do so.—Alice feels better today.—I think she does.—So she does.但不可说：I think she does so.基础训练1.(2003春季全国高考题)The man we followed suddenly stopped and l ooked as if________whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeingB.havingC.to have seenD.to see2.(2002全国高考题)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unf orgettable moment，________ I will always treasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.wha t3.I often think of my childhood,during________I lived on my uncle’s farm.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who4.—May I help you with some shoes，sir?—Yes，I’d like to try on those white ________.A.oneB.onesC.twoD.pair5.Here are four choices，which do you think is the best________?A.choicesB.thatC.onesD./6.—What’s the difference between the first house and the second?—The first one has a garage while the second has ________.A.nothingB.noneC.no oneD.neither7.—Have you ever been to Shanghai?—________.A.Not yetB.Haven’tC.Yet notD.Still not8.—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party.—________.A.I don’tB.I won’tC.I don’t forgetD.I won’t forget9.—Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning.—________.I’ll be as early as a bird.A.OK.I willB.I’m afraid 1 canC.Of course notD.No，I will10.—What’s the matter with you?—I didn’t pass the test，but 1 still ________A.hope soB.hope toC.hope itD.hope that11.—Is she really ill?—________.She’s in hospital.A.I hope soB.I’m sureC.1 don’t think soD.I’m afraid so12.I am happy if you ________.A.happyB.areC.willD.be13.—I say it is your turn to be on duty today.—________?A.MineB.IC.MyselfD.Me14.Don’t come in unless ________.A.invitingB.inviting toC.invited toD.being invited to15.—I usually go there by train.—Why not ________by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.try to goC.to try and goD.try going16.The doctor did what he could ________the boy，but in vain.A.saveB.to saveC.savingD.saved17.He spent most of his spare time________novels.A.to readB.readingC.to readingD.for reading18.All the girl want ________do is________stay at home and study h ard.A./；toB.to；toC.to；/D.either B or C19.—Why did you take a taxi?—I ________.I was late.A.have toB.have to doC.had toD.had to do20.—Why didn’t you do your homework yesterday?—But ________，sir.A.I did soB.I didn’t do itC.I didn’t fo rgetD.I did do it21.He is very famous here，so we had no trouble________him yesterd ay.A.to findB.findingC.foundD.in founding22.—How often do they give the concert?—________.A.For twice a monthB.In twice a monthC.Twice a monthD.Twice month23.He is not ________his sister，but ________.A.taller than；strongerB.so tall as；strongC.taller than；is strongerD.as tall as;stronger24.—You look happy today，Mary.—I like my new dress and Mother ________，too.A.likesB.doesC.isD.do25.—What do you think made Mary so upset?—________ her new bicycle.A.As she lostB.LostC.LosingD.Because of losing26.—Who’s got all my money?—He ________.A.doesB.isC.wasD. has27.The children are made________twelve hours a day.A.to workB.workC.workingD.worked28.We often hear him________English songs.A.to singB.singC.singingD.to be singing29.I’m very busy preparing for the exam，so I can’t help________the house work.A.doingB.doC.didD.done30.What doctors can do is________ people’s life.A.saveB.savingC.to saveD.A or C31.Although________to stop，he kept on working.A.tellB.toldC.was toldD.having told32.Ask him to take you home________possible.A.atB.whileC.ifD. if they33.The English book for kids is the best of its kind ________.A.that has ever been madeB.ever madeC.ever been madeD.has ever been made34.—Will Susan win the Nobel Prize this time?—It is likely that she ________.A.willB.doesC.will doD.wins it35.I prefer the climate of Kunming to________of Wuhan.A.itB.oneC.thisD. that36.—Mr.Black has just arrived.—Really? ________.He didn’t accept our invitation.A.I can’t imagine itB.1 don’t think soC.I hope soD.I don’t believe him37.They live on a busy main road.________ must be very noisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD. They38.We don’t go to the cinema as much as________.A.we used to goB.we used to doed toD.we used to39.Canada has a large area than________China.A.that ofB.the one ofC.it ofD./40.________，I’ll have a letter sent to your company.A.If necessaryB.If it were necessaryC.As I’m necessaryD.Unless it is necessary41.—Shall I invite Mike to my party?—Yes，it will be nice if you ________.A.doB.do inviteC.areD.invite42.—Have you been here long?—________.A.No，not veryB.Not muchC.Yes，only littleD.No，only yesterday43.—Do you follow me?—Yes，________.A.it is goodB.I willC.perfectlyD.very good44.Look out for cars________the street.A.when crossedB.when crossingC.if you crossedD.while you are crossing45.She worked very hard________still rather poor in health.A.though sheB.although sheC.thoughD.although was46.—Is the stamp very unusual?—________.A.Yes，very muchB.Yes，it is soC.Yes，veryD.Yes，not very47.—Can you climb that tree，my boy?—________?A.IB.MineC.MyselfD.Me48.—Will you waste your time and money on that?—Certainly ________.A.I notB.noC.won’tD.not49.—What happened to the boy? He’s making so much noise.—He wanted to play football，but his mother warned him ________.A.notB.toC.not toD.不填50.—Shall I wake you up tomorrow morning?—Yes，________.A.please doB.you shallC.you willD.you may51.You have three children，but I have only two ________.A.oneB.onesC./D.child52.—Mary said the lecture was boring.—Yes，I said ________.A.thatB.thisC.the kindD.the same53.—Alice，why didn’t you do it the day before?—I ________，but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.does54.—Do you need a new tie to go with your new suit，Mr.Smith?—No.________.A.I’m having plenty of tiesB.I have lots of ties to do itC.I think I have several that will doD.There are lots of ties to do it55.—Are you a film star?—________.A.Yes，I wasB.I used to beC.I used toD.I’m used to56.—I’ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after m y cat?—Not at all.________.A.I’ve no timeB.I’d rather notC.I’d like itD.I’d be happy to57.—I’m going to dig it up.—What ________?A.withB.byC.atD.from58.Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl did not dare _______ _in her room.A.sleepingB.to sleepingC.sleepD.slept59.—They have done a good job.—________.Let’s go to congratulate them.A.So they have doneB.So they haveC.So have theyD.So is it60.He smokes a lot.Does his father ________?A.smoke soB.smoke thatC.do soD.did that基础训练18省略与替代1~5 DBABD 6~10 BABAB11~15 DBACD 16~20 BBDCD21~25 BCABC 26~30 DABBD31~35 BCBAD 36~40 ABDDA41~45 AACBC 46~50 CDDCA51~55 CDCCB 56~60 DACBC【解析】1.根据上下文，空白处为he wanted to see之省略。