动词后接动词不定式／动名词作宾语用法小结

动词后接动词不定式／动名词作宾语用法小结

动词是英语中最活跃的词性之一，其主要作用是在句中作谓语。在谓语动词后接动词作宾语时，主要分为两种情况：

Ⅰ动词加动词不定式

能以不定式做宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want，hope，wonder，wish，agree，try，manager，offer，decide，fail，refuse，ask，pretend，intend，attempt，teach，discuss等。例如：

I have learned to drive the car.

They refused to accept my suggestion.

He promised to come.

Ⅱ动词加动名词

在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, can’t help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等这些动词之后要求

用动名词作宾语。例如：

Have you finished repairing your car?

She suggested spending another week in the country.

Do you feel like taking a walk.

通常要后接动名词作宾语的动词

英语中有些动词后接另一个动词作宾语时，通常要用不定式，不用动名词，这类动词主要admit(承认), advise(建议), allow(允许), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考虑), delay(推迟), discuss(讨论), dislike(不喜欢), enjoy(喜爱), escape(逃脱), excuse(原谅), fancy(没

想到), finish(完成), forbid(禁止), forgive(原谅), give up(放弃), imagine(想像), keep(保持), mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(没赶上), pardon(原谅), permit(允许), practise(练习), prevent(阻止), put off(推迟), report(报告), resist(忍住), risk(冒险), stop(停止), suggest(建议), understand(理解)等。如：

I admit breaking the window.我承认打破了窗玻璃。

I advise waiting till proper time.我建议等到适当时机。

They avoided mentioning that name.他们避免提到那个名字。

He considered going to see Paul in person.他考虑亲自去找保罗。

They discussed selling the house.他们商量过卖房子的事。

She dislikes doing housework.她不喜欢干家务活。

Would you mind speaking less quickly?你可否讲得慢一点?

He forbids smoking during office hours.办公时间他禁止吸烟。

Try to imagine being on the moon.设想你在月球上。

He mentioned seeing her often.他提到过经常见到她。

I can’t understand treating children like that.那样对待孩子，我不能理解。

需要我们注意的是，有些动词既可用动词不定式也可用动名词作宾语。这两种结构在意义上有时差别不大，有时差别较明显。下面分别说一下这两种情况：

Ⅲ这两种情况在意义上差别不大的词有：love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, need, intend, attempt等。例如：

1. Do you like playing(to play) chess?

2. When did you begin learning(to learn) French?

随着语言的发展，这些区别也在逐渐缩小，但需要注意的是：在like, love, prefer等动词后，若表示经常性的抽象的动作，多用动名词作宾语；若指特定的或具体的行动，则用不定式更多一些。例如：

1. I like swimming, but I don’t like to swimming today.

2. She prefers walking to cycling.

3. I prefer to stay at home today.

在begin, start等词的后面，在下面三种情况下，后接动词不定式较好:

✧主语是物而不是人时：Ice begins to melt.

✧本身是v-ing形式时: We are starting to clean the classroom.

✧其后的动词与想法，感情有关时：I begin to realize that he is

wrong.

Ⅳ在两种结构在意义上差别较明显的动词有：remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try等。例如：

1．remember后接动名词通常表示：记得干过某事的，跟动词不定式通常表示：别忘了，要记得干，动作并未发生：

●I remembered posting the letter today.

我记得今天把信寄走了。

●Please remember to post the letter today.

请别忘了今天把信寄走。

2．regret后接动名词，通常表示:对已发生的情况表示后悔，跟不定式通常表示:对将来的情况表示抱歉

●I regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class.

我们遗憾地通知你们，你们将不能参加这个班。

●I regretted having done such a thing.