湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词
马王堆汉墓古尸英文导游词
马王堆汉墓古尸英文导游词马王堆汉墓古尸英文导游词马王堆汉墓古尸是指1972年湖南省长沙市东郊一座汉朝墓葬的横空出世。
有人把它誉为汉民族的地下文化宝库，西方人称之为东方的“庞贝城”。
尽管地下文物不断面世，但马王堆的文化光芒依然丝毫不减，它在诸多领域的`“独一无二”使它成为当之无愧的国之瑰宝!以下是小编带来的马王堆汉墓古尸英文导游词，欢迎阅读。
Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,In the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name "mawangdui"formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.From 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2"chancellor to the prince to changsha","seal of the marquis of dai"We know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.According to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of Empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads"the first day of the second month in the twelfth year" after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personalname , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that "tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century B,CA little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb. now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one: these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.Now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a T- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.These are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, pared with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows could travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.We know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs .the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.Well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.。
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词解说导游
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词解说导游Welcome to the Han Tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan! My name is [Your Name], and I will be your guide today.The Mawangdui Han Tomb is one of the most significant archaeological finds in China. It was discovered in 1972 and is believed to date back to the Western Han Dynasty, around 2,100 years ago. Inside the tomb, three beautifully preserved female corpses were found, making it a truly remarkable archaeological discovery.Let's start our tour with the first female corpse, known as Lady Day, who was believed to be the wife of the Marquis of Dai. She was found wearing an exquisite silk burial suit, adorned with intricate patterns and designs. This burial suit is a testament to the advanced skills of silk weaving during that time.Moving on to the second female corpse, known as Lady Night, she was believed to be a concubine. She was found wearing a silk burial suit decorated with a night sky motif, complete with stars, galaxies, and constellations. This exquisite piece not only showcases the artistic and technical capabilities of ancient craftsmen but also provides valuable insights into the astronomical knowledge of the time.Lastly, we have the third female corpse, known as Lady X. She was believed to be the wife of the Marquis of Dai's son. What sets her apart is the fact that her body was remarkably well-preserved. Through advanced scientific techniques, archaeologists were able to determine her cause of death, which was likely due to a heart attack or a stroke.Aside from the female corpses, the Han Tomb of Mawangdui also yielded a vast array of cultural relics, including lacquerware, silk paintings, musical instruments, and ancient medical texts. These artifacts offer us a glimpse into the sophisticated and diverse cultural practices of the Han Dynasty.As we conclude our tour, I hope you have gained a deeper understanding and appreciation for the historical and cultural significance of the Mawangdui Han Tomb. Thank you for joining me today, and I hope you enjoy the rest of your visit to Changsha!。
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词_1
( 英文导游词)姓名：____________________单位：____________________日期：____________________编号：YB-BH-009525湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文An English Guide to the female corpse of Han Dynasty tomb in湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about4km from downtown changsha,in the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name "mawangdui"formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.from 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2"chancellor to the prince to changsha","seal of the marquis of dai"we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to behis son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads"the first day of the second month in the twelfth year" after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that "tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century b,ca little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a t- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, pared with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrowscould travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs . the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate thehighly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.可以在这输入你的名字You Can Enter Your Name Here.。
湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简英文导游词（优秀范文五篇）
湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简英文导游词（优秀范文五篇）第一篇：湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简英文导游词The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to Changsha museum.Well be here to visit “The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha and The Years of Unearthed Most Valuable Cultural Relics”.I hope my explanation can satisfy you!Now, we are in the first exhibition hall.Here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom.In 1996, during July to November, in the southeast of Wu Yi square, team up with ping He Tang Department.The exhumations were carried on by Changsha relics work teams.They unearth 61 archaic wells during theWarring States period and the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on.T o people’s astonishment, in the No.22 archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.After confirming, they are the relics of Sun Wu in Three kingdoms 1700 years ago.These patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly.Our country once had four discoveries: The oracle bone inscription of Yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of Tunxu in northwest China, Cultural books of Dunhuang stone room, Files of Qing cabinet.Bamboo T ablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.Everybody!please look at the cross sectionreconstruction of the NO.22 archaic well.Its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating.This is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft;the bottom has a bag form likely.The opening of the well has a length 3.5 m from south to north, 3.1 m from east to west, and 5.6 m in depth.The opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, 1.5 m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer.The bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form.The ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time.There are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics.The second layer is the gray brown clay layer of 3.1 m thick, among them mix upwith lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on.At the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame.The four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall.The circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall.The function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, andthen put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry.This is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.Analyzing the structure and relics of the well NO.22, it is an ancient well for storing food.The climate of Changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator.The archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of Shang dynasty.You may ask that,why were the bamboo tablets of Wu Kingdom buried in the well? There are two statements.The first one considered that in the period of Three Kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry.The other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.Now please look at the photo.This is the photo of unearthing the No.22 well.We can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud.Why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? One of the important reasons is that the ground water level in Changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water.Besides, they were buried deeply;they can be sealed up wall.With these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.Next, let’s visit the second exhi bition room.In this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Before we visit, I have a question to ask.Do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? With the que stion, let’s look at the photo of the pottery figurine.This pottery figurine was unearthed in a Western Jin tomb in Jinpenling in Changsha in 1950s.On the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something.The pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them.Did you guess it?To see another set of photos.This is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the Warring State at Zuojiagong Mountain of Changsha in 1954.Its shaft is long and small but easyto be broken.On the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved.This is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it.Here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes.This is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in No.168 Tomb in Jinan city of former capital of Chu State.In addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character.This is also the most complete and most typical set of Han Dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now.Uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”.It is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of Qin Dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century.Among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from Changsha this time.The number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years.Therefo re, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”It is well known that document history in the Three Kingdom period handed down is very rare.”The Annals of Three Kingdom”by C henshou in Xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of Wei Book, 15 volumes of Shu Book, 20 volumes of Wu Book with total of more than 1 million characters.Over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slipsand wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei.But nowadays in Changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from Wu State in Three Kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece.These character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “Annals of Three Kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works.We can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from Wu State in Changsha will surely influence many aspects of the Chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.Well, let us have a look at this map.Though the series archaeological excavation around the “Wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient Changsha.It extends northward to “Lao Zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi Street”, eastward to “Cai’e Road”and westward to “Shanghe Street”which shaped rectangle.And the center of Changsha is today’s “Wuyi Square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed ba sically nearly 3000years.The unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on;if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:The first kind is document.It can be subdivided into two parts.One is the land rent document with 0.5m long, 2.5cm wide and 100 to 200 Chinese characters on.The other is the officialdocument which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups.please look at this smaller slice.It is a classified label.It shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named Huang Wei and pan lv in the first year of Jia He period.Second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? What’s on this wooden tablet is an individual case about a Du You.Du You is a kind of government official.He was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court.However, the reexamining did not make the judge change.So he had nothing to do but accept.The third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today.Let’s look at this slice.Here the Chinese character “Rong Li”was a name of some place in Changsha.This whole sentence means there is a man named He Qin, 55 years old, lived in Rong Li.His dukedom is Gong Cheng.And here “Suan Yi” means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;“ Xing Liang Zu” refers to whose legs had been cut off.The directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people’s name, age, position and something we can’t find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.The fourth one is calling card.It mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.The last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to Changsha government.please look at these historical relics again.This blue and green porcelain in the Three Kingdoms and Tow Jin Dynasties were discovered in ZouMalou ancient well.Look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple ande lement.The second among them is called “Chichen-Head potting”, the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful.These potting were very popular in Jin Dynasty.They were used as pitcher and chalice.Everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.Now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in Zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time.The bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write.Among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called “Jian”, the generous wood chips called “Du”.You must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named “Du”, what bamboo make named “Jian”.Jian has the wooden one, too.Ok, the right side of I there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips.In the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass.The characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear.It’s easily can be distinguished.The script is the transition from Lishu to Regular script.These kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods.The quality of these trees is pre-pressing.It is intact to keep.The raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting.The ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips.First, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smo oth, these smooth slips called “Jian”.But peoplecould not write on the wet bamboo slips.Then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips.While roasting, there was some water steaming out.The water looked like sweet, so people called those “Sweet Qing”or “Sha Qing”.The “Guo Ling Ding Yang”of Wen Tianxiang said that “Since ancient times, who has no death? Remaining sincere heart to finish ‘Sweet Qing’.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.第二篇：湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简导游词the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha ladies and gentlemen, 长沙世界之窗: 浏阳河大桥东湖南第一师范: 书院路妙高峰下刘少奇故居: 宁乡花明楼镇长沙海底世界: 浏阳河大桥东岳麓公园: 河西岳麓山南郊公园: 新开铺79号雷锋纪念馆:望城县雷锋镇烈士公园: 东风路1号石燕湖旅游风景区:长沙县跳马乡贾谊故居: 太平街19号开福寺:福寺路樱花温泉:机场大道距黄花机场1.5公里处长沙世界之窗长沙世界之窗文化旅游景区位于长沙市东北郊浏阳河畔，占地40万平方米，投资3亿元人民币，是迄今为止湖南省最大的文化旅游项目之一，也是湖南省重要的精神文明建设基地。
马王堆一号汉墓古尸研究 英文版
马王堆一号汉墓古尸研究英文版English:The Mawangdui Han Tomb No. 1 is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in China, revealing valuable insights into Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) burial practices, daily life, and medical knowledge. Located in Changsha, Hunan Province, the tomb was excavated in the early 1970s and unveiled a well-preserved burial site dating back over 2,000 years. The tomb contained the remains of Lady Dai, also known as Xin Zhui, a noblewoman from the Western Han Dynasty, along with numerous artifacts, manuscripts, and textiles. The body of Lady Dai was remarkably well-preserved due to the unique conditions inside the tomb, which included layers of charcoal and white clay that effectively sealed and protected the contents from decay. This exceptional preservation allowed researchers to study the ancient body and its accompanying artifacts in great detail, providing unprecedented insights into ancient Chinese culture, medicine, and society. The medical manuscripts found in the tomb are particularly noteworthy, as they include some of the earliest known texts on acupuncture and herbal medicine, demonstrating advanced medical knowledge and practices duringthe Han Dynasty. The artifacts and textiles discovered in the tomb also shed light on the sophisticated craftsmanship, artistic styles, and daily life of the Han Dynasty elite. Overall, the Mawangdui Han Tomb No. 1 offers a fascinating glimpse into the rich history and cultural heritage of ancient China, making it a crucial site for archaeological research and study.中文翻译:马王堆一号汉墓是中国最重要的考古发现之一，揭示了汉代（公元前206年至公元220年）的葬礼习俗、日常生活和医学知识。
马王堆英文介绍
Mawangdui Han TombWe all know that China has a long history of 5000 years, but how can we learn our extensive and profound history? There are two main ways. One way is by reading historical documents. The other way is by the exploring of ancient tombs. Therefore, in order to let us know more about our history, I will introduce a tomb called Mawangdui Han Tomb. First，I will give you a brief introduction of this tomb. Mawangdui Han Tomb is located in Changsha Hunan Province in the middle of China, which belongs to the Prime Minister Li Cang and his family members in Changsha State of the early Western Han Dynasty. From 1972 to 1974, archaeologists have excavated 3 tombs of Western Han Dynasty. The structure of the tomb is magnificent and complex. Coffin chamber is at the bottom of the tomb which is composed of outer coffins, inner coffins and crosser. Around and above the wooden coffin filled with charcoal and white plaster. The burial objects are very precious which contain silk manuscripts, silk painting, lacquer, traditional Chinese medicine and other things more than 3000 sets. It also unearthed a well preserved woman’s body and the earliest prescription books copied on silk- "52 sick parties".Then, let us see some details of the tomb.After cleaned up the tomb, people found the coffin. The coffin is actually a huge suite with four layers. The outermost is a solemn plainblack coffin, without any decoration. The second layer is a black lacquer coffin full of mysterious atmosphere, which paints complex cloud scrolls with golden color on a black base, and intersperses with 111 monsters or immortals. The third layer is a vermilion lacquer coffin, which depicts many auspicious patterns with green, brown, yellow and other colors on a red base. There are six dragons, three tigers, three deer, a phoenix and an immortal. Compared with other coffins, this coffin looks more magnificent. The inner coffin is a black lacquer coffin, which is decorated with silk and brocade and the owner’s body is placed in this coffin.Although the 4 layers of coffin are very exquisite, it is not the most exciting thing. When people opened the lid of the inner coffin, all archaeologists were stunned. One woman’s body unearthed from the tomb, which looked like a fresh corpse. Although it has been more than2100 years, the body is still integrity, part of joints is flexible, and soft tissue is elastic. This is not only the wonder in the archaeological history of the world, but also a miracle of human history. Later, when people dissected the woman’s body, they found some melon seeds in her gut, which revealed the real cause of her death - eating too much melon caused a variety of complications, and eventually led to angina. People discovered a seal with the inscription words -" Xinzhui", indicating that the owner's name of this tomb is Xinzhui. After the processing of computer technology, we recovered the appearance of her young age, andit is easy to find that she is a beauty.Mawangdui Tomb has never been stolen and preserved well. Therefore, a large number of cultural relics were unearthed.Now I will say something about them.Lacquer漆器The number of lacquer unearthed in Mawangdui Tomb is total about 500 sets, which have the largest quantity and best preserved of all tombs we have found until now. The decorative patterns are mostly painted in red, black, and gray-green and other colors. Most of the patterns are geometric patterns. Dragon-phoenix and grass patterns are supplementary.Silk Painting帛画Xinzhui’s inner coffin covered an exquisite painting on silk of T-type. The silk painting contains 3 parts, which respectively show us the scene of heaven, earth and underground. Some scholars think it might be made according to local traditions and customs of evocation ceremony, which hopes the deceased soul will not disappear.Textile and Clothes 纺织品和衣物Mawangdui Tomb unearthed a variety of silk and clothing that enriched the historical data of ancient Chinese textile technology. There are 15 fairly complete clothes, and 46 single roll of silk, yarn and embroidery. This clothes is called “the garment of plain silk gauze”素纱禅衣. The length of the clothes is 1.28 meters and it has long sleeves. But the weight is just 49 grams. People cannot copy a same one until today.The excavation of Mawangdui Tomb shocked the world. It not only shows us the wisdom of the ancient people, but also helps us to understand the social life of the early Western Han Dynasty, and our history。
马王堆汉墓英文导游词Changsha Mawangdui Han Tomb
马王堆汉墓英文导游词Changsha Mawangdui Han Tomb各位朋友大家好，欢迎参观长沙马王堆汉墓出土文物陈列馆。
马王堆汉墓位于长沙市东部地区原来的马王堆乡，距市中心大约有4千米。
1971年底，我们对此进行了考古发掘，这才揭开了这座千年地宫的神秘面纱。
Hello, everyone, welcome to visit Changsha Mawangdui Han Tomb. Mawangdui HanTomb is located in the eastern of Changsha, about four kilometers from the center of the city, at the end of 1971, Chinese archaeological workers excavated and unveiled the mystery of this tomb with thousands of years.经过考古发掘，我们发现马王堆是西汉初期軑侯家族的墓地，马王堆共有三座墓，其中一号墓中出土各类文物1800余件以及一具保存得十分完整的女尸。
一号墓之所以保存得如此完整，主要原因在于采取了深埋密封的筑墓方式。
加上2000多年以来长沙地区没有发生大的地震，因此一号墓中的尸体以及大量的随葬器物才能够完整地保存下来。
大家看到的这件衣服可是我们陈列馆的镇馆之宝了。
After archaeological workers excavation, we have found Mawangdui is the tomb of Tuohou family of early Han, there are three tombs at Mawangdui, more than1,800 cultural relics and a well-preserved female corpse unearthed from No.1 tomb, it preserved so well mainly due to its closed sealing and deep buried, and there’s no big earthquake in Changsha area for 2000 years, so the corpse in Tomb No. 1 and a l arge amount of remains was preserved completely. Now let’s see this clothes, it’s our museum’s representative piece of the collection.它的名字叫素纱襌衣，素纱是指没有染色的纱，襌衣是指没有衬里的衣服。
马王堆英文介绍
Mawangdui Han TombWe all know that China has a long history of 5000 years, but how can we learn our extensive and profound history? There are two main ways. One way is by reading historical documents. The other way is by the exploring of ancient tombs. Therefore, in order to let us know more about our history, I will introduce a tomb called Mawangdui Han Tomb. First，I will give you a brief introduction of this tomb. Mawangdui Han Tomb is located in Changsha Hunan Province in the middle of China, which belongs to the Prime Minister Li Cang and his family members in Changsha State of the early Western Han Dynasty. From 1972 to 1974, archaeologists have excavated 3 tombs of Western Han Dynasty. The structure of the tomb is magnificent and complex. Coffin chamber is at the bottom of the tomb which is composed of outer coffins, inner coffins and crosser. Around and above the wooden coffin filled with charcoal and white plaster. The burial objects are very precious which contain silk manuscripts, silk painting, lacquer, traditional Chinese medicine and other things more than 3000 sets. It also unearthed a well preserved woman’s body and the earliest prescription books copied on silk- "52 sick parties".Then, let us see some details of the tomb.After cleaned up the tomb, people found the coffin. The coffin is actually a huge suite with four layers. The outermost is a solemn plainblack coffin, without any decoration. The second layer is a black lacquer coffin full of mysterious atmosphere, which paints complex cloud scrolls with golden color on a black base, and intersperses with 111 monsters or immortals. The third layer is a vermilion lacquer coffin, which depicts many auspicious patterns with green, brown, yellow and other colors on a red base. There are six dragons, three tigers, three deer, a phoenix and an immortal. Compared with other coffins, this coffin looks more magnificent. The inner coffin is a black lacquer coffin, which is decorated with silk and brocade and the owner’s body is placed in this coffin.Although the 4 layers of coffin are very exquisite, it is not the most exciting thing. When people opened the lid of the inner coffin, all archaeologists were stunned. One woman’s body unearthed from the tomb, which looked like a fresh corpse. Although it has been more than2100 years, the body is still integrity, part of joints is flexible, and soft tissue is elastic. This is not only the wonder in the archaeological history of the world, but also a miracle of human history. Later, when people dissected the woman’s body, they found some melon seeds in her gut, which revealed the real cause of her death - eating too much melon caused a variety of complications, and eventually led to angina. People discovered a seal with the inscription words -" Xinzhui", indicating that the owner's name of this tomb is Xinzhui. After the processing of computer technology, we recovered the appearance of her young age, andit is easy to find that she is a beauty.Mawangdui Tomb has never been stolen and preserved well. Therefore, a large number of cultural relics were unearthed.Now I will say something about them.Lacquer漆器The number of lacquer unearthed in Mawangdui Tomb is total about 500 sets, which have the largest quantity and best preserved of all tombs we have found until now. The decorative patterns are mostly painted in red, black, and gray-green and other colors. Most of the patterns are geometric patterns. Dragon-phoenix and grass patterns are supplementary.Silk Painting帛画Xinzhui’s inner coffin covered an exquisite painting on silk of T-type. The silk painting contains 3 parts, which respectively show us the scene of heaven, earth and underground. Some scholars think it might be made according to local traditions and customs of evocation ceremony, which hopes the deceased soul will not disappear.Textile and Clothes 纺织品和衣物Mawangdui Tomb unearthed a variety of silk and clothing that enriched the historical data of ancient Chinese textile technology. There are 15 fairly complete clothes, and 46 single roll of silk, yarn and embroidery. This clothes is called “the garment of plain silk gauze”素纱禅衣. The length of the clothes is 1.28 meters and it has long sleeves. But the weight is just 49 grams. People cannot copy a same one until today.The excavation of Mawangdui Tomb shocked the world. It not only shows us the wisdom of the ancient people, but also helps us to understand the social life of the early Western Han Dynasty, and our history。
马王堆汉墓英文导游词怎么写_英文导游词_
马王堆汉墓英文导游词怎么写湖南马王堆汉墓英文怎么写好呢？看看小编为大家准备的范文吧，希望你们喜欢小编为大家准备的范文，希望你们喜欢哦。
湖南马王堆汉墓英文导游词From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers excavated three tombs of the Western Han Dynasty at Mawangdui and achieved tremendous results which attracted attention at home and abroad. The more than3,000 cultural relics and a well-preserved female corpse unearthed from the tombs are of great value in studying the politics, economy, military, affairs, culture, science and technology of the early Western Han period.Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, about four kilometers from the center of the city. For centuries it was said that King Mayin of Chu of the Five Dynasties period was buried here and hence the name “Mawangdui”. Formerly there were two earthen mounds closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle, thus it also called “Maandui”. In some historical documents it was called “Erfeimu”, and “Shuangnvfen”. I t was said that Lady Tang, the mother of Liufa, Prince Din of Changsha in the early Han, and another imperial concubine, Lady Cheng, were buried here. Yet another record said that these were the tombs of Prince Liufa and his mother Lady Tang.The opinions about who was buried here varied widely and the truth did not come out until the excavations began in 1792. It turned out that there were three tombs at Mawangdui. The eastern mound was known as Tomb No.1, and the western mound as Tomb No.2. The third Tomb was located to the south of Tomb No.1 and covered up by the sealing soil of the latter sothere was no visible trace of its existence. The three seals unearthed from Tomb No.2 “Chancellor to the prince of Changsha”, “State the Marquis of the Dai”, and “Licang” indicate that Mawangdui was the burial ground of Licang, chancellor to the prince of Changsha Stare and Marquis of Dai in the early Western Han dynasty, and his family. The historical records give Licang’s death as occurring in the second year of the reign of Empress Dowager Liu. He occupant in Tom No.3 is believed to be his son. Unearthed form the tomb was a wooden tablet inscribed with the burial date.After careful textual research this was identified as the twelfth year of the reign of the Han emperor Wen Di. The corpse in Tomb No.1 is that of Licang’s wife, whose personal name, according to an unearthed seal, was Xingzhui. A study of the stratigraphical relation of the tombs and the burial objects led to conclusion that Tomb No.1 date from about the sixth decade of the second century B.C, a little later than Tomb No.3.The three Han tombs were immense. Tomb No.1 preserved very well. Tomb No.2 the coffins were mostly rotted. Most of the funeral objects were damaged and the corpse was totally decomposed because the tomb had been robbed in the past. The construction of Tomb No.3 remained that of T omb No.1 but it was slightly smaller in size and there were only three steps at the mouth of the pit. There were three coffins in the wooden chamber but only a skeleton remained in the in the innermost coffin because the sealing was not tight enough. The funeral objects unearthed are abundant. There are paintings, books, maps, weapons, musical instrument, silk fabrics and so on. Both the innermost coffins of tombs No.1 and No.3 were covered by a T-shaped.Color painting on silk. The two paintings are of similar subjects. The heavenly world, human society and the nether world are depicted. The top section portrays the sun, moon, stars, a big tree of a mythic island, celestial beings, heavenly gate guards, etc. The middle section depicts a scene of the tomb occupant offering sacrifices to gods. The bottom section represents a giant standing on the back of a pair of big mythical fish, holding up the earth. Well balanced and ingeniously composed, the paintings harmoniously interweave fairy tales with reality. The artistic skill of the paintings makes them masterpieces of ancient art. Judging from the shape, content, and the positions where the paintings were placed in the tombs, we know that they were a kind of funeral banner called “Mingjing”. These banners were used in funeral ceremonies to usher the spirit up to heaven, reflecting the superstitious thinking of the feudal rulers.马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,In the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name "mawangdui"formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.From 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2"chancellor to the prince to changsha","seal of the marquis of dai"we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang ,chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of Empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads"the first day of the second month in the twelfth year" after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that "tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century B,Ca little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a T- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, thereare 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, pared with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrowscould travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs . the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.。
马王堆汉墓英文导游词_0
马王堆汉墓英文导游词篇一：湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词mawangduiislocatedintheeasternoutskirtsofchangsha,about4kmfromdown townchangsha,inthepreceedingcenturies,itwasburedhere,hencethename”m awangdui”formerlythereweretwoeasternmoundsherecloselylinkedtogether .????From1972toearly1974,chinesearchacologicalworkersunearthedthreet ombsofthewesterhandynastyhereandachievedtremendousresultsthatattract edwideattentionathomeandabroad.theyexcavatedmorethan3000culturalreli edandawell-preservedfemalecorpsefromthetombs.accordingtosealsunearth edfr omtombno2”chancellortotheprincetochangsha”,”sealofthemarquisofd ai”????weknowthatthemawangduiwasburialgroundoflicang,chancellortothep rinceofchangshastatteandmqrquisofdaiintheearlywesternhandynastyandhi sfamily.????accordingtothehistoricalrecords,licangdiedinthesecongyearofthereign ofEmpresslu.theoccupantsintombno3werebelievedtobehisson.unearthedfr omthetombwasawoodentabletwiththeburialbate,whichreads”thefirstdayoft hesecondmonthinthetwelfthyear”aftercarefultextualresearchthiswasindent ifiedasthetwelfthyearofreignofthehanemperorwenci.thecorpseintombno1isthatoflicang'wife,whosepersonalname,accordingtoanunearthedseal, wasxingzhui,astudyofconclusionthat”tombno1datesfromaboutthe6thdacad eofthe2ndcenturyB,c????alittlelaterthantombno3tombno1isthebestpreserved,andmostoftherelie sshowedherewereexcavatedfromthistomb.????now,iwillintroducethisthing toyouonebyone:????thesearefigurines162woodenfigurineswereunearthedfromtombno1and 104formtombno3,theyfallintothreecategories:attendants,musiciansandodd -jobservants.nodoubt,theyrepresentthenumerousservantsenslavedbythema rquisofdai,whichrevealtheparasiticlifeofthefamily.????now,plslookattheseinstuments,anintactzitherwith25strings,pipescomp osedof22piercedbamboosticksandasetofpitchpipeswerefoundintombno1,i naddition,azither,aT-stringedharp,pipesandbamboofluteswereexcavatedfro mtonbno3.strinkinglybambooreadswerefoundinside.thepipesfoundintomb no3,thereisasilverypointoneachreed,whichcontrolsthepitch,thisisthemateri alevidenceoftheearliestreeds,everusedinwindinstrumentsintheworld. ????theseareweapons:theywreexcavatedfromtombno3,thereare38weapons altogether,includingbowsacrossbow,arrows,anarrowseabbard,aweaponstand,halberds,spears.etc.co mparedwiththeweaponofthewarringstateperiod,thebow,thecrossbowandarrowsweresome whatimprovedsothatarrows????couldtravelfuther,alongwiththegarrisonmap.theyhelpustogetanideaoft hemilitarysituationinchanshastate.????weknowthatchinaisaverybigagriculturalstate,andlonglongago,whenpe oplelivedinwesternhanperiod,therehadcomeintobeingsomewhatdeveloped cultivationandanimalhusbandry.look,allthesethingswereexcavatedfromthe tombs.theagriculturalproduceincludesrice,wheat,barley,soybean,redpeas,h empseeds,vegetable;theanimalproduceincludesdeer,oxen,goats,sheep,pigs ,bares,chickens,fishesandevenchickeneggs.????cquerware,sobeautiful!184piecesoflacquerwarewereunearthedf romtombno1and316piecesfromtombno3,theyincludtripodsvases,squareva ses,boxes,toiletboxes,pitchers,ladles,cups,cavedcup-containers,anarmreat, ascreen,agametoolandadustpam,mostofthemrmadeofawoodbasecoatedinla cquer,andsomeofabambooorhempbase,thedesigns,eitherpaintedinlacquero rpastedorincisedwithveryfinestrokes,weredoneinsmoothandgraceful.lines withgorgeouscolor,theexquisitelywroughtlacquerwaresindicatethehighlyd evelopedstateoflacquercrafts-manshipandasidelightontheeconomicsituatio noftheearlyhandynasty.now,wehaveseentheareoundpartsofthefirsthall,plsf ollowmetothecentralpast.hereyoucanseethesilkfabrics.篇二：马王堆导游词马王堆各位朋友：大家好，欢迎参观长沙马王堆汉墓出土文物陈列馆。
《马王堆汉墓帛书》英文版
《马王堆汉墓帛书》英文版The Silk Book of the Mawangdui Han TombThe Silk Book of the Mawangdui Han Tomb is an extraordinary archaeological discovery that sheds light on the rich history and culture of ancient China. Unearthed in the Mawangdui Tombs located in Changsha, Hunan Province, this collection of silk books has become highly regarded for its significant contribution to our understanding of the Han Dynasty. In this article, we will explore the historical background of the Mawangdui Han Tomb and delve into the intricate details of the silk book collection.Historical BackgroundThe Mawangdui Han Tomb dates back to the Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 9 CE) and is one of the most well-preserved tombs from that period. Discovered in 1972, the tomb complex consists of three main tombs belonging to powerful figures of the Han Dynasty. Tomb Number One, in particular, is of great significance, as it was the resting place of Lady Dai, a noblewoman who lived during the early Han Dynasty.The Silk Book CollectionThe silk books found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb are a remarkable collection of literary and philosophical texts. They provide valuable insights into the intellectual and cultural life of the Han Dynasty. These silk books are written in classical Chinese and cover a wide range of topics, including medicine, cosmology, divination, and poetry. Moreover, they include texts that are not found anywhere else, making them extremely valuable in the study of ancient Chinese literature.The Layout and ContentThe silk books are delicately crafted and meticulously decorated with vivid colors. The texts are written in ancient Chinese characters, often accompanied by exquisite illustrations. One of the most famous silk books from the Mawangdui Han Tomb is the "Yi Jing," or "Book of Changes." This divination manual provides insight into the practices and beliefs of the Han Dynasty and highlights the significance of divination in ancient Chinese society.Another important silk book is the "Huangdi Neijing," or "Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon." This medical treatise contains valuable knowledge about traditional Chinese medicine, covering topics such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and medical theories of the time. The discovery of this silk book has greatly enhanced our understanding of ancient Chinese medical practices.Significance and ImpactThe Silk Book of the Mawangdui Han Tomb has not only broadened our knowledge of the Han Dynasty but has also had a significant impact on the field of archaeology and Chinese studies. Scholars from around the world have flocked to study these rare artifacts, with many devoting their careers to deciphering the ancient texts and unraveling the secrets within. The silk books have provided valuable evidence for researchers to reconstruct the history, culture, and society of the Han Dynasty, opening a window into the past.Today, the Mawangdui Han Tomb and its silk book collection have been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, further highlighting theirimportance and preserving them for future generations. The cultural and historical significance of the tomb and its contents cannot be overstated, as they offer unparalleled insights into ancient China.ConclusionThe Silk Book of the Mawangdui Han Tomb stands as an extraordinary testament to the richness and complexity of ancient Chinese civilization. Through the skilled craftsmanship and meticulous preservation of these silk books, we can delve into the intellectual and cultural lives of the people of the Han Dynasty. The discovery of these artifacts has deepened our understanding of ancient Chinese literature, medicine, philosophy, and society. The Mawangdui Han Tomb and its silk book collection serve as a fascinating bridge that connects us to China's past, reminding us of the enduring legacy of this remarkable civilization.。
长沙导游词英文3篇_湖南导游词_
长沙导游词英文3篇长沙是个一美丽的地方，这里有美丽的天心阁，爱晚亭。
晚上，灯光如同天上的星星，一闪一闪。
下面是为大家带来的长沙英语，希望大家喜欢。
篇1：长沙导游词英语Good morning! Welcome to the beautiful star city - changsha, first of all, please allow me, on behalf of all the staff of travel agencies was the warmest welcome the arrival of you, welcome to the "red sun" tour of the organization, is the red line, because we go. Shaoshan is the rising sun, so this journey we call red sun.To introduce myself, I am the red sun tour guide, my name is zhao, in order to facilitate you can call me xiao zhao, on xiao zhao left, that is our director of master, master X X master drive technology is good, the rich, treats people the enthusiasm, so we all can be at ease in his car, you have what problem can carry out on the road, xiao zhao and X teacher will try our best to service for you, ok, let's have a great journey together!Our journey began, and that is now under our feet with a "openning the first all the way" of the famous wuyi avenue and no.3, it represents the changsha tomorrow, changsha boom radiates away from here, is founded in 1951 on May 1, so hence the name, was the first asphalt road, the road only 9 meters wide, but along with the development of The Times, traffic developed, 9 meters wide far cannot satisfy the shuttle vehicles. Until 20xx, spent five months time to repair, that is what we see now, with all my heartOf 51 avenue, east railway station, west check the xiangjiang river bridge, a total length of 4138 meters, up to 60 meters in length, road for double tenth lanes, no.3 traffic is orderly, butmost of the drivers don't want to go this way, is this why? On the road there are 3 sets of original and 6 digital television monitoring equipment, carelessly is easy to copy brand, so drivers is have a love-hate relationship!Where the source of the wuyi avenue? She is behind the changsha railway station, she construction in 1975, completed in 1977, with the Shanghai railway station ` Beijing railway station called China's three largest train station, that in the middle of the railway station there is a clock tower, tower 63.7 meters high, the clock tower at the top of the hour will be played best young's "east is red" LeDian, as if to tell you that you have come to the generation of a great man of chairman MAO's hometown - hunan. In the clock tower above, there is a building that xiao zhao excuse me everybody, think what is she like? Yes, she is the red torch. Maybe someone will ask, now that is the torch, why not be waving? But go straight into the blue sky? Xiao zhao to the problem have to explain for everybody, because before railway station built, comes at a time - leather, stylist designed to float to the left her, said there will be left; In the designed to the right, say again afraid will have the right, then, designer simply put her into a straight at the torch of the above. In fact, she is very like a specialty: let's hunan capsicum frutescens var, she is our chairman MAO's favorite kind of food, she also is a symbol of our people of hunan hot and enthusiasm, not to have such a saying: people are not afraid of spicy sichuan, guizhou people is afraid of hot, hunan people are afraid of not hot.Ok, now let's Yuan Guling overpass, why called Yuan Guling overpass? And not called Li Guling ` the wangjialing overpass? Because it is said that in the large pieces of the earth that is inhabited by a certain family. So in the construction of the bridgewas named after had to. It is built down, in addition to the beautiful and also have the effect of ease the earthquake. Can anyone who has both advantages and disadvantages, hunan is a rainy provinces, if encounter rainy weather, the bridge will be accumulated rainwater, formation water bring pedestrians through the troubles and inconvenience caused. I'm afraid this is hou only white water rafting and line!That is on the right-hand side of the xiao zhao shaoshanlu, because was not to shaoshan road, then built the road; Shaoshan.Good, that you pay attention to have a look at the trees on both sides of the tour bus, it is in the city of changsha were: camphor trees, camphor leaves small but, under the big camphor tree is a good place to enjoy cool air, using camphor tree of camphor ball can drive midge catch ants, took a few pieces of camphor tree chew Ye Qing washed into the mouth, can also be sober refreshing. About the camphor tree,In changsha, there is such a local custom, it is the parents to marry the daughter of a set of camphorwood furniture is very decent. On the left hand side, xiao zhao is welcome road, 1972, President Nixon's visit to welcome the President of the United States and to build a road. Across the welcome road is a red and white building, she is 2 hospital of hunan province the government.Were made, xiao zhao mentioned that we're here to learn about the tree of hunan province, it is the magnolia tree, it is from guangzhou introduced a tree. Suiting the city of changsha, azaleas, see the cuckoo that can want to went to the countryside, three in April, when the brilliant red cuckoo open full of hills, not to mention how beautiful. Fancy suiting of hunan province, is a hibiscus, since ancient times, hunan is known as lotus countries.Chairman MAO's poem says, "the kingdom of the lotus from zhaohui". Lotus, also can be divided into water and cotton rose hibiscus. Then xiao zhao, please everyone: "what is water lotus? Cotton rose?" Ha ha! Cotton rose is magnolia, water lotus is lotus.Ok, now let's to lotus road, beside the lotus road, changsha is the new lotus square, you can see in the middle of a sculpture, that is the daughter of liuyang river, you must be attracted by her long hair? The daughter of liuyang river nine curved hair, a symbol of the liuyang river nine bending. It reminds us of the beautiful sounds of "liuyang river", the product comforms to the drawing that xiao zhao here, give you sing a song "liuyang river", we hope you enjoy it.Okay, now we see the underlying white doves building is the famous peace hall business building. Peace in Japanese is the meaning of peace, meaning and harmonic development. There is a sino-japanese joint venture of shopping malls, Japan accounted for 60% of the company, shareholders shareholder China accounted for 40%. Before peace hall was built, the unearthed here most of the country's bamboo slips, which records the chu the history of The Three Kingdoms period, now the peace of the sixth floor display, also has people in shopping may wish to visit.In front of the hall of peace is the wuyi square, square in the middle there is a huge music fountain, at eight o 'clock every night, music fountain will dance with music. Now please look the top of the wuyi square, you can see a small house, like the eyes there is big eyes "- the voice of the golden eagle.篇2：长沙导游词英语Changsha, though not nearly as prosperous Hong Kong than atmosphere in Beijing, but still has her own beauty.Changsha is a beautiful place, there are beautiful as pavilion,love late pavilion. At night, lights, like the stars in the sky, twinkle.Changsha charactizing a fine spring, spring breeze blow gently. Sunshine in March, the flower is gorgeous. The flower azalea is indescribable.Summer, known as the "four big stove" one of changsha is hot. Cicada hot straight called "cicadas, cicada," dog hot tongue, floppy chicken wings. No matter how the weather during the day, children come out to play, so they had a hot, can't help but to the sun.Autumn, the leaves fall, the fruit is ripe, the farmer uncle smile red in the face. The wild goose south, ants and squirrels have in preparation for winter food.Winter, heavy snow, the children can be happy, because you can snowball fights, make a snowman! Leaves a also have no, many small animals also for the winter. The children are in the warm home looking at the beautiful snow...Changsha year the four seasons scenery attractive, no matter day or night, she is always a kind face.Changsha snack is to let a person dazzling, stinky tofu, bean jelly, roast sweet potato, onion cakes, taste shrimp, sucking screw... Is numerous, even the saliva all can't help flow down.Changsha tourist resort also has a lot of, such as: taiping street, small Simon, as pavilion, baisha ancient, yuelu academy, and so on some places of interest. But they speak well "nobody's perfect, gold without gather" changsha ointment is loop mirror is not good, can see garbage everywhere, air is polluted by a lot.Changsha is our common home, when I grow up must see her construction better, become a more attractive city.篇3：长沙导游词英语Changsha city, referred to as "long, nickname" star city ", "chucity", is also the provincial capital of hunan province, my hometown. By mountain city is the most valuable gift of nature to changsha. The beautiful land of write too much better on historical spanning, dufu.longhai left "jiangnan landscape, the fallen petal season and every gentleman" song of eternal; Zhang Shi song dynasty, zhu xi in yuelu academy teaching twice; More generation great man MAO zedong crowd j head, high-spirited, encouraging words...When it comes to changsha, people naturally think of j head, the xiangjiang river sight. Orange continent, some people say that it is a painting, plum for spring, zhu qing Elizabeth Barbara ohm, orange, yellow, orange, green, silver. Orange continent, someone says it is a poem, between heaven and earth day flow, the ancient and modern in character. The emotion recalling ancientry, master the ups and downs. Orange continent, is the green pearl inlaid in the xiangjiang river, changsha is the pride of the people. Xiangjiang river sight all sight fully reflects the natural scenery in hunan province, a beautiful environment, is a good place for tourists sightseeing trip, and citizen exercise night tour of the state. Xiangjiang river is the mother river of the changsha, it surging south, bubbling to the north, zhao mountain in changsha city, the three han alum turned to the northwest, to Joe for wangcheng, in yueyang dongting, through the changsha city about 25 kilometers. The xiangjiang river on both sides of the red cliff, such as chardonnay, white as snow, sand willows, such as silk, Qiang sails as a cloud, make a beautiful sight along the river in changsha.When it comes to changsha, nature is little not food. Hunan cuisine is one of the eight great cuisines of China. Today changsha delicacies already known: squid spicy small lobster, ironplate, stinky tofu, hot and sour powder... Eating in changsha, oneself of breath, "food" is interesting, such as "eat" such as drunk. In star city streets, how many traditional snacks waiting for, and how many trendy snack make people hope.With the expansion of the city, the changes of flickering skyscrapers. At the same time, the street is lined with trees on both sides, we like to live in the garden. Straight, clean, clean, spacious avenue of traffic of the city changes with each passing day, make the camp of the new road tunnel urbanization construction on a new stage; Wuhan-guangzhou high-speed accelerated economic exchanges and coastal cities in central China, greatly improved the living standards of people; The city subway and light rail would be built and also greatly facilitates people's travel.Changsha, zhuzhou and xiangtan urban agglomeration in 20xx formally approved by the national construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly comprehensive reform pilot area, become the rise of central China "engine", drive the economic development of China. Was to press evaluation, "changzhutan economic integration both experience and lessons, whether success or setbacks, will be to the Yangtze river delta, the pearl river delta, bohai sea region these newcomers profound enlightenment." Believe in changsha will be more beautiful tomorrow.I love my hometown, my beautiful star city - changsha.。
长沙导游词英文3篇_湖南导游词_
长沙导游词英文3篇长沙是个一美丽的地方，这里有美丽的天心阁，爱晚亭。
晚上，灯光如同天上的星星，一闪一闪。
下面是为大家带来的长沙英语，希望大家喜欢。
篇1：长沙导游词英语Good morning! Welcome to the beautiful star city - changsha, first of all, please allow me, on behalf of all the staff of travel agencies was the warmest welcome the arrival of you, welcome to the "red sun" tour of the organization, is the red line, because we go. Shaoshan is the rising sun, so this journey we call red sun.To introduce myself, I am the red sun tour guide, my name is zhao, in order to facilitate you can call me xiao zhao, on xiao zhao left, that is our director of master, master X X master drive technology is good, the rich, treats people the enthusiasm, so we all can be at ease in his car, you have what problem can carry out on the road, xiao zhao and X teacher will try our best to service for you, ok, let's have a great journey together!Our journey began, and that is now under our feet with a "openning the first all the way" of the famous wuyi avenue and no.3, it represents the changsha tomorrow, changsha boom radiates away from here, is founded in 1951 on May 1, so hence the name, was the first asphalt road, the road only 9 meters wide, but along with the development of The Times, traffic developed, 9 meters wide far cannot satisfy the shuttle vehicles. Until 20xx, spent five months time to repair, that is what we see now, with all my heartOf 51 avenue, east railway station, west check the xiangjiang river bridge, a total length of 4138 meters, up to 60 meters in length, road for double tenth lanes, no.3 traffic is orderly, butmost of the drivers don't want to go this way, is this why? On the road there are 3 sets of original and 6 digital television monitoring equipment, carelessly is easy to copy brand, so drivers is have a love-hate relationship!Where the source of the wuyi avenue? She is behind the changsha railway station, she construction in 1975, completed in 1977, with the Shanghai railway station ` Beijing railway station called China's three largest train station, that in the middle of the railway station there is a clock tower, tower 63.7 meters high, the clock tower at the top of the hour will be played best young's "east is red" LeDian, as if to tell you that you have come to the generation of a great man of chairman MAO's hometown - hunan. In the clock tower above, there is a building that xiao zhao excuse me everybody, think what is she like? Yes, she is the red torch. Maybe someone will ask, now that is the torch, why not be waving? But go straight into the blue sky? Xiao zhao to the problem have to explain for everybody, because before railway station built, comes at a time - leather, stylist designed to float to the left her, said there will be left; In the designed to the right, say again afraid will have the right, then, designer simply put her into a straight at the torch of the above. In fact, she is very like a specialty: let's hunan capsicum frutescens var, she is our chairman MAO's favorite kind of food, she also is a symbol of our people of hunan hot and enthusiasm, not to have such a saying: people are not afraid of spicy sichuan, guizhou people is afraid of hot, hunan people are afraid of not hot.Ok, now let's Yuan Guling overpass, why called Yuan Guling overpass? And not called Li Guling ` the wangjialing overpass? Because it is said that in the large pieces of the earth that is inhabited by a certain family. So in the construction of the bridgewas named after had to. It is built down, in addition to the beautiful and also have the effect of ease the earthquake. Can anyone who has both advantages and disadvantages, hunan is a rainy provinces, if encounter rainy weather, the bridge will be accumulated rainwater, formation water bring pedestrians through the troubles and inconvenience caused. I'm afraid this is hou only white water rafting and line!That is on the right-hand side of the xiao zhao shaoshanlu, because was not to shaoshan road, then built the road; Shaoshan.Good, that you pay attention to have a look at the trees on both sides of the tour bus, it is in the city of changsha were: camphor trees, camphor leaves small but, under the big camphor tree is a good place to enjoy cool air, using camphor tree of camphor ball can drive midge catch ants, took a few pieces of camphor tree chew Ye Qing washed into the mouth, can also be sober refreshing. About the camphor tree,In changsha, there is such a local custom, it is the parents to marry the daughter of a set of camphorwood furniture is very decent. On the left hand side, xiao zhao is welcome road, 1972, President Nixon's visit to welcome the President of the United States and to build a road. Across the welcome road is a red and white building, she is 2 hospital of hunan province the government.Were made, xiao zhao mentioned that we're here to learn about the tree of hunan province, it is the magnolia tree, it is from guangzhou introduced a tree. Suiting the city of changsha, azaleas, see the cuckoo that can want to went to the countryside, three in April, when the brilliant red cuckoo open full of hills, not to mention how beautiful. Fancy suiting of hunan province, is a hibiscus, since ancient times, hunan is known as lotus countries.Chairman MAO's poem says, "the kingdom of the lotus from zhaohui". Lotus, also can be divided into water and cotton rose hibiscus. Then xiao zhao, please everyone: "what is water lotus? Cotton rose?" Ha ha! Cotton rose is magnolia, water lotus is lotus.Ok, now let's to lotus road, beside the lotus road, changsha is the new lotus square, you can see in the middle of a sculpture, that is the daughter of liuyang river, you must be attracted by her long hair? The daughter of liuyang river nine curved hair, a symbol of the liuyang river nine bending. It reminds us of the beautiful sounds of "liuyang river", the product comforms to the drawing that xiao zhao here, give you sing a song "liuyang river", we hope you enjoy it.Okay, now we see the underlying white doves building is the famous peace hall business building. Peace in Japanese is the meaning of peace, meaning and harmonic development. There is a sino-japanese joint venture of shopping malls, Japan accounted for 60% of the company, shareholders shareholder China accounted for 40%. Before peace hall was built, the unearthed here most of the country's bamboo slips, which records the chu the history of The Three Kingdoms period, now the peace of the sixth floor display, also has people in shopping may wish to visit.In front of the hall of peace is the wuyi square, square in the middle there is a huge music fountain, at eight o 'clock every night, music fountain will dance with music. Now please look the top of the wuyi square, you can see a small house, like the eyes there is big eyes "- the voice of the golden eagle.篇2：长沙导游词英语Changsha, though not nearly as prosperous Hong Kong than atmosphere in Beijing, but still has her own beauty.Changsha is a beautiful place, there are beautiful as pavilion,love late pavilion. At night, lights, like the stars in the sky, twinkle.Changsha charactizing a fine spring, spring breeze blow gently. Sunshine in March, the flower is gorgeous. The flower azalea is indescribable.Summer, known as the "four big stove" one of changsha is hot. Cicada hot straight called "cicadas, cicada," dog hot tongue, floppy chicken wings. No matter how the weather during the day, children come out to play, so they had a hot, can't help but to the sun.Autumn, the leaves fall, the fruit is ripe, the farmer uncle smile red in the face. The wild goose south, ants and squirrels have in preparation for winter food.Winter, heavy snow, the children can be happy, because you can snowball fights, make a snowman! Leaves a also have no, many small animals also for the winter. The children are in the warm home looking at the beautiful snow...Changsha year the four seasons scenery attractive, no matter day or night, she is always a kind face.Changsha snack is to let a person dazzling, stinky tofu, bean jelly, roast sweet potato, onion cakes, taste shrimp, sucking screw... Is numerous, even the saliva all can't help flow down.Changsha tourist resort also has a lot of, such as: taiping street, small Simon, as pavilion, baisha ancient, yuelu academy, and so on some places of interest. But they speak well "nobody's perfect, gold without gather" changsha ointment is loop mirror is not good, can see garbage everywhere, air is polluted by a lot.Changsha is our common home, when I grow up must see her construction better, become a more attractive city.篇3：长沙导游词英语Changsha city, referred to as "long, nickname" star city ", "chucity", is also the provincial capital of hunan province, my hometown. By mountain city is the most valuable gift of nature to changsha. The beautiful land of write too much better on historical spanning, dufu.longhai left "jiangnan landscape, the fallen petal season and every gentleman" song of eternal; Zhang Shi song dynasty, zhu xi in yuelu academy teaching twice; More generation great man MAO zedong crowd j head, high-spirited, encouraging words...When it comes to changsha, people naturally think of j head, the xiangjiang river sight. Orange continent, some people say that it is a painting, plum for spring, zhu qing Elizabeth Barbara ohm, orange, yellow, orange, green, silver. Orange continent, someone says it is a poem, between heaven and earth day flow, the ancient and modern in character. The emotion recalling ancientry, master the ups and downs. Orange continent, is the green pearl inlaid in the xiangjiang river, changsha is the pride of the people. Xiangjiang river sight all sight fully reflects the natural scenery in hunan province, a beautiful environment, is a good place for tourists sightseeing trip, and citizen exercise night tour of the state. Xiangjiang river is the mother river of the changsha, it surging south, bubbling to the north, zhao mountain in changsha city, the three han alum turned to the northwest, to Joe for wangcheng, in yueyang dongting, through the changsha city about 25 kilometers. The xiangjiang river on both sides of the red cliff, such as chardonnay, white as snow, sand willows, such as silk, Qiang sails as a cloud, make a beautiful sight along the river in changsha.When it comes to changsha, nature is little not food. Hunan cuisine is one of the eight great cuisines of China. Today changsha delicacies already known: squid spicy small lobster, ironplate, stinky tofu, hot and sour powder... Eating in changsha, oneself of breath, "food" is interesting, such as "eat" such as drunk. In star city streets, how many traditional snacks waiting for, and how many trendy snack make people hope.With the expansion of the city, the changes of flickering skyscrapers. At the same time, the street is lined with trees on both sides, we like to live in the garden. Straight, clean, clean, spacious avenue of traffic of the city changes with each passing day, make the camp of the new road tunnel urbanization construction on a new stage; Wuhan-guangzhou high-speed accelerated economic exchanges and coastal cities in central China, greatly improved the living standards of people; The city subway and light rail would be built and also greatly facilitates people's travel.Changsha, zhuzhou and xiangtan urban agglomeration in 20xx formally approved by the national construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly comprehensive reform pilot area, become the rise of central China "engine", drive the economic development of China. Was to press evaluation, "changzhutan economic integration both experience and lessons, whether success or setbacks, will be to the Yangtze river delta, the pearl river delta, bohai sea region these newcomers profound enlightenment." Believe in changsha will be more beautiful tomorrow.I love my hometown, my beautiful star city - changsha.。
湖南-长沙马王堆汉墓遗址英文导游词
湖南-长沙马王堆汉墓遗址英文导游词From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers excavated three tombs of the Western Han Dynasty at Mawangdui and achieved tremendous results which attracted attention at home and abroad. The more than3,000 cultural relics and a well-preserved female corpse unearthed from the tombs are of great value in studying the politics, economy, military, affairs, culture, science and technology of the early Western Han period.Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, about four kilometers from the center of the city. For centuries it was said that King Mayin of Chu of the Five Dynasties period was buried here and hence the name “Mawangdui”. Formerly there were two earthen mounds closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle, thus it also called “Maandui”. In some historical documents it was called “Erfeimu”, and “Shuangnvfen”. It was said that Lady Tang, the mother of Liufa, Prince Din of Changsha in the early Han, and another imperial concubine, Lady Cheng, were buried here. Yet another record said that these were the tombs of Prince Liufa and his mother Lady Tang.The opinions about who was buried here varied widely and the truth did not e out until the excavations began in 1792. It turned out that there were three tombs at Mawangdui. The eastern mound was known as Tomb , and the western mound as Tomb The third Tomb was located to the south of Tomb and covered up by the sealing soil of the latter so there was no visible trace of its existence. The three seal s unearthed from Tomb “Chancellor to the prince of Changsha”, “State the Marquis of the Dai”, and “Licang” indicate that Mawangdui was the burial ground of Licang, chancellor to the prince of Changsha Stare and Marquis of Dai in the early Western Han dynasty, and his family. The historical records give Licang ‘s death as occurring in the second year of the reign of Empress Dowager Liu. He occupant in Tom is believed to be his son. Unearthed [1] [2] 下一页。
马王堆汉墓英文讲解词
The exhibition of cultural relics from MawangduiGood morning/afternoon everyone. Welcome to the exhibition of the Han dynasty at Mawangdui in Changsha.There are three tombs at Mawangdui. They were excavated from 1972 to 1974; it marks one of the major archaeological discoveries in the twentieth century. Over 3000 cultural relics and a well-preserved female corpse were unearthed, they attracting wide attention both at home and abroad.First of all, let’s have a look at the location of Mawangdui. Mawangdui is located in the eastern of Changsha, about 4 kilometers to the center of Changsha. And this is the model of tomb pits. It is copied on the order of the excavation. But who are the owners of the tombs? Xinzhui, the female corpse is the owner of Tomb No.1, Xinzhui’s husband Licang is the owner of Tomb No.2, he is the chancellor of the prince of Changsha State, and their son is the owner of Tomb No.3.Now, we can turn back to see the scene of the Han tombs at Mawangdui. The two mounds are the Tombs No.1 and No.2. They are linked from east to west in the shape of saddle, thus Mawangdui has also been called “Ma an dui”. (Saddle mound)This is the illustration of the interruption between Tombs No.1 and No.3. The vertical line shows the sealing soil of Tomb No.3, and the parallel line shows the sealing soil of Tomb No.1. You can see, that of Tomb No.1 covered the sealing soil of Tomb No.3. This should serve as evidence that the burial date of Tomb No.1 was later than that of Tomb No.3.This is a photograph taken on the spot during excavation. Over 1000 cultural relics, such as lacquer wares, textiles, painting on silks and a well-preserved female corpse were unearthed. This is the most well preserved tomb in the three tombs. Why the tomb can be preserved so well? Because the way of the burial was very special. At the bottom of the coffin, there were 15cm deep of white filling clay. The white filling clay is a kind of kaolin clay with impurities. It is an excellent sealant，has high plasticity and low permeability. At the top of the coffin and around the coffin, there were over 5000kg (40cm deep) charcoal. It can stop the moisture into the coffin.The picture here shows excavation works in progress at Tomb No.2. This tomb had been robbed several times. Only around 200 cultural relics were left behind. This is a bamboo basket unearthed.Just now we know the burial date of Tomb No.3 was earlier than that of Tomb No.1. But what was the burial date of the Tomb No.3? We had this wooden tablet unearthed with the burial date on it.And this is a wooden spade; it was a tool for building the tomb.We all know, Mawangdui is the family graveyard of the Marquis of Dai of the Western Han dynasty. Let’s walk into the family of the Marqui s of Dai and to know some other things about them.There are three seals here unearthed from Tomb No.2. From the left to the right, the first is a bronze seal with the legend “Seal of the Marquis of Dai”, the second is a jade seal with the legend “Li Cang”, and the third is a bronze seal with the legend “Prime minister of Changsha State”. These seals should serve as evidence of Li Cang’s identity. This is a gold inlaid bronze crossbow trigger. It is one part of crossbow. It might have been used by Li Cang in the Peasant Revolution and the wars between the Chu and the Han.The owner of Tomb No.1 is Xinzhui. From this tomb, there also had a seal with the “Qie Xinzhui” unearthed. “Qie” was a self-depreciatory term that a woman in ancient times used to refer to herself when speaking to her husband. Because of this seal, we know that Li Cang’s wife named Xinzhui. Before Xinzhui’s death, she liked dressing and making up very much. All these cosmeticsare the proof of that. We can see, the first is a mirror polisher, the second is a powder puff. The third is a knife, it is used for peel nail, the fourth one is a brush, the brush is used for applying powder to the face. The fifth one is a wooden tweezers. It could be used as a hairpin, and also for shaving eyebrows. The next two are hairpins. And the last two are the boxwood combs. Especially the one on the right, it is only 5.2cm wild, but it has 74 teeth.This is a bronze mirror with dragon design and this is wig.According to the female corpse and the related materials, we had restituted the statue here. She is 38 years old, and 158cm high. Very beautiful, isn’t she?The owner of Tomb No.3 is Li Cang’s son. There were 38 weapons unearthed from Tomb No.3, the most noteworthy weapon is the crossbow. This is a kind of long-range weapon in the Han dynasty. And we can see this map of garrison. It is unlike a modern map, the south is shown at the top of this map and the north at the bottom.Then, we’ll learn some other things about the food and drink of the Marquis of Dai. Firstly, we can see some staple-food. The variety of grains of the Han dynasty is similar to that of nowadays. A total of 11 bags of rice, wheat, barley and so on unearthed from the Tombs No.1 and No.3. There are some samples of staple-food.This is a bamboo case, and these are wooden tablets. There are some characters on the tablets. In the ancient times, these tablets were originally attached to the bamboo cases. Then people could know what food was inside it. This is a painted pottery box with millet cakes, which were unearthed.Also a large number of meat products were buried in the Tombs No.1 and No.3. The things, which are displayed in this cabinet, are the animals’ bones, such as swan skeleton, duck bones, hare bones and so on.At the household of Marquis of Dai’s leisure, the also eat some fruits and vegetables. We can see some red bayberries in the third bottle. When they unearthed, their colour was fresh. One of our archaeologists was very surprised, so he picked one and had a taste of it, but it was bitter. And please look at the photo on the wall. We had a tripod unearthed, when it unearthed, it contained some slices of lotus root floating in water. But what a pity! When the slices of lotus root touched with the air, they disappeared immediately.Besides the food and drink, we also had some flavoring unearthed. This is the ginger with fermented soybeans.From Tombs No.1 and No. 3，a number of Chinese medicinal herbs and a drawing of Qigong movements were unearthed. It reflects that the household of the Marquis of Dai paid much attention to keeping in good health in daily life. This is a physical exercise chart from the Tomb No.1, we call it “drawing of Daoyin”. According to this drawing, we copied a relief sculpture here. You can see, there are 44 persons on it. Maybe, if you do this excises everyday, you can keep in good health.There were many servants in the household of the Marquis of Dai. Over 300 wooden figurines substitutes of the household servants in the afterlife. The first is a male figurine wearing a hat. One of its shoes carved with “guan ren”. He might be the head servant in the household of the Marquis of Dai, but the figurine’s clothing is a replica. These two are the maid figurines with clothings. They might be the maids of the Marquis of Dai. The third kinds are the maid figurines with carved garments. And the last kinds are the figurines with painted design. They were the lowest rank engaged.These are two bamboo fans.From the tombs, over 10 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs were unearthed. These are thesamples. And this is a painted pottery brazier. It would have contained some medicinal herbs, they were burnt to purity the air. And the bamboo brazier netting was placed on top of the brazier.There are the funerary money buried in the tombs. They prove that the household of the Marquis of Dai lived an extravagant and wealthy life.These are the wooden figurine of dancers, singers and musicians.From the tombs, we also had some kinds of musical instruments unearthed. The first is the Se with 25 strings. It has 25 strings, each string is made up of silks, but it is only a funerary object.This is a seven-string qin. There some marks on the top surface of the Qin, they can indicate that it might have been used by the tomb owner.This is Yu, but it’s a funerary object. And these are the pitch pipes, they were turning instruments in ancient times. This is a bamboo flute, it is the earliest example of bamboo flute in China.This is a set of wooden bells, and this is a set of wooden chimes.Then, we’ll see a set of liubo chess. It was a fashionable game during the Han dynasty, but it no longer exists. A liubo chess set consists of a chessboard, 20 chess pieces, 42 counting chips, 6 black chessmen, 6 white chessmen, and an ivory scraper, a knife and a dice. The dice has eighteen sides, each is inscribed respectively with the numbers 1 to 16,and two other characters. While played, two players would alternately cast the dice and move the chessman, and then the one who obtained more chips would be the winner.Lacquer ware was one of ancient China’s great inventions. From the three tombs, over 700 pieces of lacquer wares were recovered. Next, we’ll have a look at the lacquer wares.The first one is a lacquer dish with wildcat design. We can see the design, there are 4 wildcats on it. It is a vessel for containing food.These two are the lacquer ladles with cloud design and dragon design. In this hall, except this longer ladle is a funerary object, the others were all unearthed from the tombs.This is a lacquer tray with cloud design. You can see, there are 5 small dishes and 2 cups on it. It likes the self-food in nowadays, is n’t it?These are some cups and dishes. Please look them carefully, do you see some words in the middle of them? Yes, these dishes and cups all have inscription “Jun Xing Shi”, it means, “please have food”, and these cups also have some characters “Jun Xing Jiu”, means “please drin k wine”. It can prove that people in ancient times were very polite.Goblet, is a vessel for wine drinking.This is a lacquer box. When unearthed, it contained a black lacquer gauze hat.This is a lacquer cosmetic box. We saw some cosmetics just now, some of them were put in it when unearthed.This is a pitcher, named Yi. It was a vessel used by the nobles for washing hands.This is a screen. A screen is used as a partition for dividing a room or for keeping the wind off. But it is only a funerary object.These objects are called Ji-table. Especially this Ji, it has fixed short legs and long legs. The long legs can be folded up to the underside of the table. During the Han dynasty, people used to sit on the ground and with their knees under table. When they were tired, they could put their arms on the Ji-table, so it likes the armrest of sofa in nowadays.China was the first country to engage in sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving. The more than 100 pieces of textiles, embroideries and clothing unearthed from the tombs. These pieces clearly attest to the accomplishments in textile technology of the early Han dynasty.First, we’ll see the embroideries. A total of 50 pieces of embroider ies on clothing and other articles were unearthed from the tombs.This embroidery named “chenyun” embroidery. It with the cloud design. And there are some eyes of phoenix in the red cloud.On this embroidery, there also have some design of birds’ eyes. The bird is a symbol of long-life.This is another kind of embroidery with the tails of swallow design. Do you know swallow? It is a kind of birds.Then, you can see some other embroideries.OK, after see the embroideries, let’s go to see some clothes, which were well preserved. This is a damask g own with “Xinqi embroidery”. It is very large, please look at the photo on the wall, it was worn from body to earth.These are the shoes, the socks and the gloves.This is a gauze gown with printed and colour painted design.The most noteworthy clothes is the gauze gown in plain colour. It is 128cm overall, and the length of sleeves is 190cm, but it only weighs 49g. But you can guess how to wear this clothes? In ancient times, women worn a gown first, then covered this clothes on; the pattern of the gown would penetrate this clothes. Isn’t it fashionable? Or sexy?The manuscripts and paintings on silk, and the inscriptions on bamboo and wooden slips, were among the most prominent treasures recovered from the Han tombs at Mawangdui. Unearthed from the Tombs No.1 and No.3, there were around 40 manuscripts on silk, written in about 100,000 words. In this exhibition hall, you can see some manuscripts and paintings on silk.First, let’s have a look at this wooden slips. These three are about medicine, and so me good ways of sex.These are the manuscripts on sick.And the T-shaped painting on silk is the most important. Then let’s go to have a look at them.This is the T-shaped painting on silk from Tomb No.1. This was a banner carried in the funeral procession, and it was then laid on the innermost coffin at the burial. The painting has three sections from the top to the bottom, the heaven world, the human world and the underworld (lower world).First, we see the heaven world section . On the top of it, there is a man with snake tail, his name is candlelight dragon. He can control the whole world. When he closes his eyes, the world is night; when he opens his eyes, it is day. Maybe he is the god in your mind. On the top left corner, there is a moon, and a huge toad stand on it, you can see there is a special grass in its mouth, and it can cure all the diseases. On the toad, there is a small rabbit. And under the moon, you can see a beautiful woman, she is dancing, maybe she is the owner of the moon. On the right corner, there is a big sun with a black bird in it. You know, China was the first country to discover the sunspot. Maybe it is the symbol of the sun. Under the biggest sun, there are other 8 suns. It said, there are ten suns in the sky during the ancient times. They were on duty by terns. But why are we seeing only 9 suns here? Because the other one was on duty at that time, and the biggest one was waiting for its coming. And can you see two upside-down letters “T” at the bottom of the heaven world? The y are the gatesof the heaven world. And the two men sit on the gates are the heavenly guardians. They were waiting for the old woman Xin Zhui’s ascending. Because the ancients thought, when people died, they would rise to the heavenly world.Then we’ll se e the human world. The woman who holds a crutch is the owner of Tomb No.1. Three maids follow her, they ascending slowly to the heaven. When she was dead, her family members were offering sacrifices. And you can see, there are two dragons through a jade. Somebody thought, it was the symbol of the Marquis of Dai probably. It means, people ascending to the heaven by the dragons.At last, we’ll see the bottom of the painting, the underworld part, there is a giant was holding up the earth, and he is standing on two crossed fishes. It said, the two fishes might cause earthquake. Only the giant could control them.These are the mainly meaning of the T-shaped painting on silk. It is very beautiful, imaginable and romantic, do you think so?There is another T-shap ed painting on silk from Tomb No.3 over there. Let’s have a look at it. The content roughly resembles that from Tomb No.1，only with minor differences in composition. Of course, Xinzhui is instead of his son.OK, now please take this way, we’ll go downstair s to see the coffins and the female corpse.This is the huge outer coffin, we’ll see the whole visage of it on the second floor in a while, first, let’s go to see the innermost coffin.This is the innermost coffin, the female corpse was inside this coffin. Then put this coffin in that bigger coffin, and then put it in the biggest coffin. Around this there was another coffin, but we haven’t displayed here. And at last, put all the four innermost coffins in the huge outer coffin.OK，now let’s go to see the female corpse on the other side immediately.The female corpse of Xinzhui has found in the innermost coffin of Tomb No.1. When unearthed, it measured 154cm and it weighed 34.3kg. Do you know, this female corpse is not the mummy, because, the mummy has a mask on its face, and it has no visceral organs in the body. But the female corpse was found to remain intact and retain a certain degree of moisture. And all the organs were well preserved.An analysis of the anatomy shows that the visceral organs were well preserved. And according to pathological inspection, Xinzhui had suffered from various diseases, including a coronary heart attack, general arteriosclerosis and cholelithiasis. In her esophagus, stomach and intestines, there are 138.5 muskmelon seeds were found. This reveals that she might have died shortly after eating melon. Her sudden death was most probably caused by an acute episode of cholelithiasis, and then triggered a coronary heart attack. She died at the age of around fifty.This female corpse was preserved for over 2000 years, it is a marvel in the history of antiseptic. The excellent preservation could be attributed to the airtight sealing and the deep burial. And it created a low-temperature, anoxic and germ-free environment. In addition, the 80 liters of fluid inside the innermost coffin might have served to inhibit the action of proteolysis enzymes.OK, at last, please follow me to see the huge outer coffin on second floor.Now, you see, this is a replication of the No.1 tomb pit. It has been made according to the original size. The three coffins were put in the middle of it, and the around four boxes were put the cultural relics in it.。
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词-导游词模板
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,In the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name “mawangdui”formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.From 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the to seals unearthed from tomb no2”chancellor to the prince to changsha”,”seal of the marquis of dai”we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of Empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads”the first day of the second month in the twelfth year” after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ‘ wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that “tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century B,Ca little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings,pipes posed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a T- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows could travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had e into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs . the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.。
马王堆英文介绍
Mawangdui Han TombWe all know that China has a long history of 5000 years, but how can we learn our extensive and profound history? There are two main ways. One way is by reading historical documents. The other way is by the exploring of ancient tombs. Therefore, in order to let us know more about our history, I will introduce a tomb called Mawangdui Han Tomb. First，I will give you a brief introduction of this tomb. Mawangdui Han Tomb is located in Changsha Hunan Province in the middle of China, which belongs to the Prime Minister Li Cang and his family members in Changsha State of the early Western Han Dynasty. From 1972 to 1974, archaeologists have excavated 3 tombs of Western Han Dynasty. The structure of the tomb is magnificent and complex. Coffin chamber is at the bottom of the tomb which is composed of outer coffins, inner coffins and crosser. Around and above the wooden coffin filled with charcoal and white plaster. The burial objects are very precious which contain silk manuscripts, silk painting, lacquer, traditional Chinese medicine and other things more than 3000 sets. It also unearthed a well preserved woman’s body and the earliest prescription books copied on silk- "52 sick parties".Then, let us see some details of the tomb.After cleaned up the tomb, people found the coffin. The coffin is actually a huge suite with four layers. The outermost is a solemn plainblack coffin, without any decoration. The second layer is a black lacquer coffin full of mysterious atmosphere, which paints complex cloud scrolls with golden color on a black base, and intersperses with 111 monsters or immortals. The third layer is a vermilion lacquer coffin, which depicts many auspicious patterns with green, brown, yellow and other colors on a red base. There are six dragons, three tigers, three deer, a phoenix and an immortal. Compared with other coffins, this coffin looks more magnificent. The inner coffin is a black lacquer coffin, which is decorated with silk and brocade and the owner’s body is placed in this coffin.Although the 4 layers of coffin are very exquisite, it is not the most exciting thing. When people opened the lid of the inner coffin, all archaeologists were stunned. One woman’s body unearthed from the tomb, which looked like a fresh corpse. Although it has been more than2100 years, the body is still integrity, part of joints is flexible, and soft tissue is elastic. This is not only the wonder in the archaeological history of the world, but also a miracle of human history. Later, when people dissected the woman’s body, they found some melon seeds in her gut, which revealed the real cause of her death - eating too much melon caused a variety of complications, and eventually led to angina. People discovered a seal with the inscription words -" Xinzhui", indicating that the owner's name of this tomb is Xinzhui. After the processing of computer technology, we recovered the appearance of her young age, andit is easy to find that she is a beauty.Mawangdui Tomb has never been stolen and preserved well. Therefore, a large number of cultural relics were unearthed.Now I will say something about them.Lacquer漆器The number of lacquer unearthed in Mawangdui Tomb is total about 500 sets, which have the largest quantity and best preserved of all tombs we have found until now. The decorative patterns are mostly painted in red, black, and gray-green and other colors. Most of the patterns are geometric patterns. Dragon-phoenix and grass patterns are supplementary.Silk Painting帛画Xinzhui’s inner coffin covered an exquisite painting on silk of T-type. The silk painting contains 3 parts, which respectively show us the scene of heaven, earth and underground. Some scholars think it might be made according to local traditions and customs of evocation ceremony, which hopes the deceased soul will not disappear.Textile and Clothes 纺织品和衣物Mawangdui Tomb unearthed a variety of silk and clothing that enriched the historical data of ancient Chinese textile technology. There are 15 fairly complete clothes, and 46 single roll of silk, yarn and embroidery. This clothes is called “the garment of plain silk gauze”素纱禅衣. The length of the clothes is 1.28 meters and it has long sleeves. But the weight is just 49 grams. People cannot copy a same one until today.The excavation of Mawangdui Tomb shocked the world. It not only shows us the wisdom of the ancient people, but also helps us to understand the social life of the early Western Han Dynasty, and our history。
马王堆汉墓英文讲解词
The exhibition of cultural relics from MawangduiGood morning/afternoon everyone. Welcome to the exhibition of the Han dynasty at Mawangdui in Changsha.There are three tombs at Mawangdui. They were excavated from 1972 to 1974; it marks one of the major archaeological discoveries in the twentieth century. Over 3000 cultural relics and a well-preserved female corpse were unearthed, they attracting wide attention both at home and abroad.First of all, let’s have a look at the location of Mawangdui. Mawangdui is located in the eastern of Changsha, about 4 kilometers to the center of Changsha. And this is the model of tomb pits. It is copied on the order of the excavation. But who are the owners of the tombs? Xinzhui, the female corpse is the owner of Tomb No.1, Xinzhui’s husband Licang is the owner of Tomb No.2, he is the chancellor of the prince of Changsha State, and their son is the owner of Tomb No.3.Now, we can turn back to see the scene of the Han tombs at Mawangdui. The two mounds are the Tombs No.1 and No.2. They are linked from east to west in the shape of saddle, thus Mawangdui has also been called “Ma an dui”. (Saddle mound)This is the illustration of the interruption between Tombs No.1 and No.3. The vertical line shows the sealing soil of Tomb No.3, and the parallel line shows the sealing soil of Tomb No.1. You can see, that of Tomb No.1 covered the sealing soil of Tomb No.3. This should serve as evidence that the burial date of Tomb No.1 was later than that of Tomb No.3.This is a photograph taken on the spot during excavation. Over 1000 cultural relics, such as lacquer wares, textiles, painting on silks and a well-preserved female corpse were unearthed. This is the most well preserved tomb in the three tombs. Why the tomb can be preserved so well? Because the way of the burial was very special. At the bottom of the coffin, there were 15cm deep of white filling clay. The white filling clay is a kind of kaolin clay with impurities. It is an excellent sealant，has high plasticity and low permeability. At the top of the coffin and around the coffin, there were over 5000kg (40cm deep) charcoal. It can stop the moisture into the coffin.The picture here shows excavation works in progress at Tomb No.2. This tomb had been robbed several times. Only around 200 cultural relics were left behind. This is a bamboo basket unearthed.Just now we know the burial date of Tomb No.3 was earlier than that of Tomb No.1. But what was the burial date of the Tomb No.3? We had this wooden tablet unearthed with the burial date on it.And this is a wooden spade; it was a tool for building the tomb.We all know, Mawangdui is the family graveyard of the Marquis of Dai of the Western Han dynasty. Let’s walk into the family of the Marqui s of Dai and to know some other things about them.There are three seals here unearthed from Tomb No.2. From the left to the right, the first is a bronze seal with the legend “Seal of the Marquis of Dai”, the second is a jade seal with the legend “Li Cang”, and the third is a bronze seal with the legend “Prime minister of Changsha State”. These seals should serve as evidence of Li Cang’s identity. This is a gold inlaid bronze crossbow trigger. It is one part of crossbow. It might have been used by Li Cang in the Peasant Revolution and the wars between the Chu and the Han.The owner of Tomb No.1 is Xinzhui. From this tomb, there also had a seal with the “Qie Xinzhui” unearthed. “Qie” was a self-depreciatory term that a woman in ancient times used to refer to herself when speaking to her husband. Because of this seal, we know that Li Cang’s wife named Xinzhui. Before Xinzhui’s death, she liked dressing and making up very much. All these cosmeticsare the proof of that. We can see, the first is a mirror polisher, the second is a powder puff. The third is a knife, it is used for peel nail, the fourth one is a brush, the brush is used for applying powder to the face. The fifth one is a wooden tweezers. It could be used as a hairpin, and also for shaving eyebrows. The next two are hairpins. And the last two are the boxwood combs. Especially the one on the right, it is only 5.2cm wild, but it has 74 teeth.This is a bronze mirror with dragon design and this is wig.According to the female corpse and the related materials, we had restituted the statue here. She is 38 years old, and 158cm high. Very beautiful, isn’t she?The owner of Tomb No.3 is Li Cang’s son. There were 38 weapons unearthed from Tomb No.3, the most noteworthy weapon is the crossbow. This is a kind of long-range weapon in the Han dynasty. And we can see this map of garrison. It is unlike a modern map, the south is shown at the top of this map and the north at the bottom.Then, we’ll learn some other things about the food and drink of the Marquis of Dai. Firstly, we can see some staple-food. The variety of grains of the Han dynasty is similar to that of nowadays. A total of 11 bags of rice, wheat, barley and so on unearthed from the Tombs No.1 and No.3. There are some samples of staple-food.This is a bamboo case, and these are wooden tablets. There are some characters on the tablets. In the ancient times, these tablets were originally attached to the bamboo cases. Then people could know what food was inside it. This is a painted pottery box with millet cakes, which were unearthed.Also a large number of meat products were buried in the Tombs No.1 and No.3. The things, which are displayed in this cabinet, are the animals’ bones, such as swan skeleton, duck bones, hare bones and so on.At the household of Marquis of Dai’s leisure, the also eat some fruits and vegetables. We can see some red bayberries in the third bottle. When they unearthed, their colour was fresh. One of our archaeologists was very surprised, so he picked one and had a taste of it, but it was bitter. And please look at the photo on the wall. We had a tripod unearthed, when it unearthed, it contained some slices of lotus root floating in water. But what a pity! When the slices of lotus root touched with the air, they disappeared immediately.Besides the food and drink, we also had some flavoring unearthed. This is the ginger with fermented soybeans.From Tombs No.1 and No. 3，a number of Chinese medicinal herbs and a drawing of Qigong movements were unearthed. It reflects that the household of the Marquis of Dai paid much attention to keeping in good health in daily life. This is a physical exercise chart from the Tomb No.1, we call it “drawing of Daoyin”. According to this drawing, we copied a relief sculpture here. You can see, there are 44 persons on it. Maybe, if you do this excises everyday, you can keep in good health.There were many servants in the household of the Marquis of Dai. Over 300 wooden figurines substitutes of the household servants in the afterlife. The first is a male figurine wearing a hat. One of its shoes carved with “guan ren”. He might be the head servant in the household of the Marquis of Dai, but the figurine’s clothing is a replica. These two are the maid figurines with clothings. They might be the maids of the Marquis of Dai. The third kinds are the maid figurines with carved garments. And the last kinds are the figurines with painted design. They were the lowest rank engaged.These are two bamboo fans.From the tombs, over 10 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs were unearthed. These are thesamples. And this is a painted pottery brazier. It would have contained some medicinal herbs, they were burnt to purity the air. And the bamboo brazier netting was placed on top of the brazier.There are the funerary money buried in the tombs. They prove that the household of the Marquis of Dai lived an extravagant and wealthy life.These are the wooden figurine of dancers, singers and musicians.From the tombs, we also had some kinds of musical instruments unearthed. The first is the Se with 25 strings. It has 25 strings, each string is made up of silks, but it is only a funerary object.This is a seven-string qin. There some marks on the top surface of the Qin, they can indicate that it might have been used by the tomb owner.This is Yu, but it’s a funerary object. And these are the pitch pipes, they were turning instruments in ancient times. This is a bamboo flute, it is the earliest example of bamboo flute in China.This is a set of wooden bells, and this is a set of wooden chimes.Then, we’ll see a set of liubo chess. It was a fashionable game during the Han dynasty, but it no longer exists. A liubo chess set consists of a chessboard, 20 chess pieces, 42 counting chips, 6 black chessmen, 6 white chessmen, and an ivory scraper, a knife and a dice. The dice has eighteen sides, each is inscribed respectively with the numbers 1 to 16,and two other characters. While played, two players would alternately cast the dice and move the chessman, and then the one who obtained more chips would be the winner.Lacquer ware was one of ancient China’s great inventions. From the three tombs, over 700 pieces of lacquer wares were recovered. Next, we’ll have a look at the lacquer wares.The first one is a lacquer dish with wildcat design. We can see the design, there are 4 wildcats on it. It is a vessel for containing food.These two are the lacquer ladles with cloud design and dragon design. In this hall, except this longer ladle is a funerary object, the others were all unearthed from the tombs.This is a lacquer tray with cloud design. You can see, there are 5 small dishes and 2 cups on it. It likes the self-food in nowadays, is n’t it?These are some cups and dishes. Please look them carefully, do you see some words in the middle of them? Yes, these dishes and cups all have inscription “Jun Xing Shi”, it means, “please have food”, and these cups also have some characters “Jun Xing Jiu”, means “please drin k wine”. It can prove that people in ancient times were very polite.Goblet, is a vessel for wine drinking.This is a lacquer box. When unearthed, it contained a black lacquer gauze hat.This is a lacquer cosmetic box. We saw some cosmetics just now, some of them were put in it when unearthed.This is a pitcher, named Yi. It was a vessel used by the nobles for washing hands.This is a screen. A screen is used as a partition for dividing a room or for keeping the wind off. But it is only a funerary object.These objects are called Ji-table. Especially this Ji, it has fixed short legs and long legs. The long legs can be folded up to the underside of the table. During the Han dynasty, people used to sit on the ground and with their knees under table. When they were tired, they could put their arms on the Ji-table, so it likes the armrest of sofa in nowadays.China was the first country to engage in sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving. The more than 100 pieces of textiles, embroideries and clothing unearthed from the tombs. These pieces clearly attest to the accomplishments in textile technology of the early Han dynasty.First, we’ll see the embroideries. A total of 50 pieces of embroider ies on clothing and other articles were unearthed from the tombs.This embroidery named “chenyun” embroidery. It with the cloud design. And there are some eyes of phoenix in the red cloud.On this embroidery, there also have some design of birds’ eyes. The bird is a symbol of long-life.This is another kind of embroidery with the tails of swallow design. Do you know swallow? It is a kind of birds.Then, you can see some other embroideries.OK, after see the embroideries, let’s go to see some clothes, which were well preserved. This is a damask g own with “Xinqi embroidery”. It is very large, please look at the photo on the wall, it was worn from body to earth.These are the shoes, the socks and the gloves.This is a gauze gown with printed and colour painted design.The most noteworthy clothes is the gauze gown in plain colour. It is 128cm overall, and the length of sleeves is 190cm, but it only weighs 49g. But you can guess how to wear this clothes? In ancient times, women worn a gown first, then covered this clothes on; the pattern of the gown would penetrate this clothes. Isn’t it fashionable? Or sexy?The manuscripts and paintings on silk, and the inscriptions on bamboo and wooden slips, were among the most prominent treasures recovered from the Han tombs at Mawangdui. Unearthed from the Tombs No.1 and No.3, there were around 40 manuscripts on silk, written in about 100,000 words. In this exhibition hall, you can see some manuscripts and paintings on silk.First, let’s have a look at this wooden slips. These three are about medicine, and so me good ways of sex.These are the manuscripts on sick.And the T-shaped painting on silk is the most important. Then let’s go to have a look at them.This is the T-shaped painting on silk from Tomb No.1. This was a banner carried in the funeral procession, and it was then laid on the innermost coffin at the burial. The painting has three sections from the top to the bottom, the heaven world, the human world and the underworld (lower world).First, we see the heaven world section . On the top of it, there is a man with snake tail, his name is candlelight dragon. He can control the whole world. When he closes his eyes, the world is night; when he opens his eyes, it is day. Maybe he is the god in your mind. On the top left corner, there is a moon, and a huge toad stand on it, you can see there is a special grass in its mouth, and it can cure all the diseases. On the toad, there is a small rabbit. And under the moon, you can see a beautiful woman, she is dancing, maybe she is the owner of the moon. On the right corner, there is a big sun with a black bird in it. You know, China was the first country to discover the sunspot. Maybe it is the symbol of the sun. Under the biggest sun, there are other 8 suns. It said, there are ten suns in the sky during the ancient times. They were on duty by terns. But why are we seeing only 9 suns here? Because the other one was on duty at that time, and the biggest one was waiting for its coming. And can you see two upside-down letters “T” at the bottom of the heaven world? The y are the gatesof the heaven world. And the two men sit on the gates are the heavenly guardians. They were waiting for the old woman Xin Zhui’s ascending. Because the ancients thought, when people died, they would rise to the heavenly world.Then we’ll se e the human world. The woman who holds a crutch is the owner of Tomb No.1. Three maids follow her, they ascending slowly to the heaven. When she was dead, her family members were offering sacrifices. And you can see, there are two dragons through a jade. Somebody thought, it was the symbol of the Marquis of Dai probably. It means, people ascending to the heaven by the dragons.At last, we’ll see the bottom of the painting, the underworld part, there is a giant was holding up the earth, and he is standing on two crossed fishes. It said, the two fishes might cause earthquake. Only the giant could control them.These are the mainly meaning of the T-shaped painting on silk. It is very beautiful, imaginable and romantic, do you think so?There is another T-shap ed painting on silk from Tomb No.3 over there. Let’s have a look at it. The content roughly resembles that from Tomb No.1，only with minor differences in composition. Of course, Xinzhui is instead of his son.OK, now please take this way, we’ll go downstair s to see the coffins and the female corpse.This is the huge outer coffin, we’ll see the whole visage of it on the second floor in a while, first, let’s go to see the innermost coffin.This is the innermost coffin, the female corpse was inside this coffin. Then put this coffin in that bigger coffin, and then put it in the biggest coffin. Around this there was another coffin, but we haven’t displayed here. And at last, put all the four innermost coffins in the huge outer coffin.OK，now let’s go to see the female corpse on the other side immediately.The female corpse of Xinzhui has found in the innermost coffin of Tomb No.1. When unearthed, it measured 154cm and it weighed 34.3kg. Do you know, this female corpse is not the mummy, because, the mummy has a mask on its face, and it has no visceral organs in the body. But the female corpse was found to remain intact and retain a certain degree of moisture. And all the organs were well preserved.An analysis of the anatomy shows that the visceral organs were well preserved. And according to pathological inspection, Xinzhui had suffered from various diseases, including a coronary heart attack, general arteriosclerosis and cholelithiasis. In her esophagus, stomach and intestines, there are 138.5 muskmelon seeds were found. This reveals that she might have died shortly after eating melon. Her sudden death was most probably caused by an acute episode of cholelithiasis, and then triggered a coronary heart attack. She died at the age of around fifty.This female corpse was preserved for over 2000 years, it is a marvel in the history of antiseptic. The excellent preservation could be attributed to the airtight sealing and the deep burial. And it created a low-temperature, anoxic and germ-free environment. In addition, the 80 liters of fluid inside the innermost coffin might have served to inhibit the action of proteolysis enzymes.OK, at last, please follow me to see the huge outer coffin on second floor.Now, you see, this is a replication of the No.1 tomb pit. It has been made according to the original size. The three coffins were put in the middle of it, and the around four boxes were put the cultural relics in it.。
马王堆汉墓英文详细版导览词
An Introduction to Mawangdui Han T ombsHistoric relics unearthed from Han Tombs at Mawangdui are relevant to many legendary and touching stories, therefore it’s not easy to introduce them thoroughly to our reverend visitors. But we can still enjoy the de licate articles of ancient civilization to our eyes’ content as well as to our heart’s content. Next, we are to explore the historical and artistic wonders made by ancient Chinese people more than 2100 years ago.This picture shows the outside scene of Han Tombs at Mawangdui. The Han Tombs are located at Wulipai in the eastern suburb of Changsha. They are about 4 kilometers from the downtown area. In the flat extending fields are two mounds of tombs. They are of similar size and are linked to form the shape of a saddle. It was recorded that this site was once the family graveyard for Ma Y in, King of the Chu State during the Five Dynasties Period, and therefore acquired the name Mawangdui meaning Mound of King Ma. But according to Tai Ping Huan Yu Ji’s recor ding about Changsha, Mawangdui was the graveyard of Lady Cheng and Lady Tang, two concubines of Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty. They were buried by Liu Fa, Prince of the Changsha State. Thus this graveyard was called “Shuang Nv Zhong” meaning the Tomb o f Two Ladies. The authentic owner of this mysterious graveyard has been uncertain before Mawangdui Tombs were unearthed.At the end of 1971, No.366 Hospital of Hunan Provincial Military Region was to construct underground wards and storerooms at Mawangdui. Before the construction, Hunan Provincial Museum excavated these tombs, revealing the myths buried in this thousand-year underground palace.Here are Models of Tomb pits of the three Han Tombs at Mawangdui. They are numbered in the sequence of excavation. Tomb No.1 and Tomb No.2 lie aside from east to west. Tomb No.3 is located to the south of Tomb No.1. The opening of Tomb No.1 is of square shape, measuring 19.5 meters by 17.8 meters, with a dipper-shaped pit underneath. It is typical of western Han period. The pit measured from the sealing soil is 20.5 meters deep with 4 steps extending downward from the opening. A slope tomb channel leads directly from the ground to the pit bottom at the north of the tomb chamber. Over 1800 cultural relics of lacquer wares, textiles and paintings on silk as well as a well-preserved female corpse were unearthed. The opening and middle layer of Tomb No.2 are of round shape. Due to the fact that the tomb was not compactly sealed, it had been robbed several times and the outer coffin chamber had collapsed. Only around 200 culturalrelics were left behind. Tomb No.3 is similar in shape with Tomb 1. It is well preserved with more than 1,000 cultural relics of inscriptions and paintings on silk, inscribed on bamboo slips, lacq uer wares and textiles unearthed. The corpse in this tomb, however, was only a skeleton. It’s identified that the corpse belongs to a man who died in his early thirties. He was 1.85 meters tall. Model of Filling Materials in Tomb No.1Tomb No.1 is well-preserved due to several reasons. At the bottom of the tomb is a 15cm-thick layer of white filling clay. Covering the whole outer coffin chamber is a layer of 40cm thick charcoal weighing more than 5 tons. On top of the charcoal is a 1.3cm thick layer of white filling clay. Then earth is rammed every 0.5 meter on its top. Charcoal serves as a moisture-proof substance. It takes in the small amount of water in the chamber. White filling clay is termed montmorillenite, a material for porcelains. It has high plasticity and low permeability. Thus with effective burying and sealing, the corpse, coffins and abundant burial objects are kept impact in the tomb.W ooden Tablet with Burial DateThe inscription on the wooden tablet unearthed from Tomb No.3 reads, “On the first wu-chen day of yi-si, the second month of the twelfth year, the chamberlain in charge of funeral service, on holding a memorial with funeral articles, presents a list of the delivery for inspection.” Accordingly the date inscribed on the tablet is e quivalent to the twenty-fourth of lunar February of the twelfth year in the reign of Emperor W endi of Han, or 168 B.C. It is the exact burial date of the tomb-owner.Part 错误！未找到引用源。
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湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女
尸英文导游词
Corporation standardization office #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词
Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,In the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name "mawangdui"formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.
From 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the to seals unearthed from tomb
no2"chancellor to the prince to changsha","seal of the marquis of dai"
we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.
according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of Empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads"the first day of the second month in the twelfth year" after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that "tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century B,C
a little later than tom
b no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.
now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:
these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.
now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a T- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.
these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows
could travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.
we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs . the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.
well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an
armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.。