科技文献翻译电子档答案
科技英语翻译 课后答案
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The powerplantis the heartof a ship.The powerunit for drivin g the machin es is a 50-hp induct ion motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semico nduct or device s, called transi stors, are replac ing tubesin many applic ation s.Crampe d condit ionsmeansthat passen gers’legscannot move around freely.All bodies are knownto posses s weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The remova l of minera ls from wateris called soften ing.A typica l foliag e leaf of a plantbelong ing to the dicoty ledon s is compos ed of two princi pal parts: bladeand petiol e.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einste in’srelati vitytheory is the only one whichcan explai n such phenom ena.All four (outerplanet s) probab ly have coresof metals, silica tes, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语翻译的文章答案
1.The Nature of Light光的性质Many years ago, if we looked in a dictionary, we would find that light was described as the opposite of darkness.许多年前，我们打开词典就会发现，光被解释为黑暗的反义词。
Today scientists tell us that light is a form of energy that radiates or gives off rays just as a pebble creates waves if we dropped it into a pond of water.(如何翻译长的定语？）今天，科学家告诉我们说，光是能的一种形式，光能够辐射或者放出光线，就像我们将一块小石头投入水中时在水面上激起波浪一样。
These rays, or light waves, as they are sometimes called, can travel through space and certain kinds of materials.这些光线，即人们有时所说的光波，能够穿过空间及某些种类的材料。
Light waves that reach and enter our eyes produce a sensation that we call sight.到达并进入我们眼睛的光波，能够产生一种我们叫做视觉的感觉。
Light is our guide to the world around us.光是我们认识周围世界的向导。
Because of light we can see our way around our homes; we can see to walk through streets; we can see the sky and we can even read this book.由于有了光，我们能够看得见我们家园的道路；我们能够看得见，因而能够在街上走；我们能够看得见天空，甚至能够读这本书。
科技文献检索作业及答案
科技文献检索1.使用《中文科技期刊数据库(维普)》同名作者功能，检索理工大学第一作者为明所发表的论文，请写出检索式，检中文献条数，并任选择其中的两篇以标准格式标注。
(5分)2.利用《中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)》，检索一个你感兴趣的主题，在检索结果中以被引频次排序，在引用频次最高的前五名文献中任选其一，以标准格式标注出该篇文献及其二级参考文献，参考文献，共引文献，同被引文献，引证文献，二级引证文献，相似文献各一篇。
(10分)3.任选一个中文学位论文数据库，查找2007年至今，交通大学博士论文收录情况，写出检索数据库名称，检索式，检中文献条数，并任选两篇以标准格式标注。
(5分)4.使用BALIS馆际互借系统，借阅一本图书。
要求：写出该书所属图书馆及其索书号，并以标准格式标注出该书，BALIS馆际互借系统生成的订单号，并以无格式文本形式复制出“申请单撤销”界面所显示文字。
(5分)5.请写出检索中外文专利的主要资源，任选其中之一检索本学科专利。
写出检索的资源名称，检中文献条数，并以标准格式标注。
(5分)6.列出交通大学图书馆外文全文期刊数据库名称，并将本专业全文数据库列出。
(5分)7.利用本专业外文全文数据库检索本专业期刊论文，写出数据库名称、检索式，检中条数，并任选两条以标准格式标注。
(5分)8.利用PQDT数据库检索本专业学位论文，写出检索式，检中条数，并任选两条以标准格式标注。
(5分)9.利用Science direct(Elsevier)数据库，检索“ComputerScience(计算机科学)”领域 2011年全年25篇最热门的论文，将前两条以标准格式标注。
(5分)10.使用Engineering Village 查找2007年至今有关轨道交通(rail transit)方面，交通大学的作者(beijing jiaotong university或100044)以英文(English)发表的期刊论文(Journal article)。
高中英语科技论文翻译单选题40题答案解析版
高中英语科技论文翻译单选题40题答案解析版1.The term “artificial intelligence” is often abbreviated as _____.A.AIB.IAC.AIID.IIA答案：A。
“artificial intelligence”的常见缩写是“AI”。
B 选项“IA”并非此词组的缩写。
C 和D 选项都是错误的组合。
2.In a scientific research paper, “data analysis” can be translated as _____.A.数据分析B.数据研究C.数据调查D.数据理论答案：A。
“data analysis”的正确翻译是“数据分析”。
B 选项“数据研究”应为“data research”。
C 选项“数据调查”是“data survey”。
D 选项“数据理论”是“data theory”。
3.The phrase “experimental results” is best translated as _____.A.实验结论B.实验数据C.实验结果D.实验过程答案：C。
“experimental results”的准确翻译是“实验结果”。
A 选项“实验结论”是“experimental conclusion”。
B 选项“实验数据”是“experimental data”。
D 选项“实验过程”是“experimental process”。
4.“Quantum mechanics” is translated as _____.A.量子物理B.量子力学C.量子化学D.量子技术答案：B。
“Quantum mechanics”是“量子力学”。
A 选项“量子物理”是“quantum physics”。
C 选项“量子化学”是“quantum chemistry”。
D 选项“量子技术”是“quantum technology”。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1a .a 50 .动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2, , .’ ..半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3.A a : .去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1’s .( ) , , .爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
（直译）这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
（意译）..设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。
（意译）要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。
（意译）第4节翻译练习2...植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。
（合译）太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。
（分译）医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。
（分译）..这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。
（分译）制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。
前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。
（分译）第4节翻译练习3..制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。
（增译）人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。
（增译）: ..电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。
（增译）同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。
（省译）第4节翻译练习4a .a ..几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
2.1 词义的选择第1节翻译练习1.’t ; ..锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。
（介词）粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。
（名词）地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。
英语科技文献翻译50题
英语科技文献翻译50题1. The discovery of a new species of bacteria has significant implications for biotechnology. 下列翻译正确的是：A. 一种新的细菌物种的发现对生物技术有重要影响。
B. 一种新细菌物种的发现对生物科技有重要的意思。
C. 一个新物种的细菌的发现对生物技术有重大暗示。
D. 新的一种细菌物种的发现对生物科技有重要的含义。
答案：A。
解析：“implication”常见释义为“影响；暗示；牵连”，在此句中取“影响”之意。
“significant”表示“重要的；显著的”。
整句翻译要注意语序和词汇的准确选择。
2. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionize medicine. 以下翻译恰当的是：A. 基因工程有潜力去革命化医学。
B. 基因工程具有彻底改变医学的潜力。
C. 基因工程有革命医学的可能性。
D. 基因工程有使医学革命化的可能。
答案：B。
解析：“potential”意为“潜力；可能性”，“revolutionize”表示“彻底改变；使发生革命性变革”。
翻译时要体现出准确的逻辑和含义。
3. The research on stem cells offers promising prospects for treating various diseases. 正确的翻译是：A. 关于干细胞的研究为治疗各种各样的疾病提供有希望的前景。
B. 干细胞的研究提供了治疗各种疾病的有希望的前景。
C. 对干细胞的研究为治疗各种疾病提供了有希望的前景。
D. 关于干细胞的研究给治疗不同的疾病提供了有前景的希望。
答案：C。
解析：“prospect”意为“前景；可能性”，“various”表示“各种各样的；不同的”。
注意“on”表示“关于”，翻译要符合中文表达习惯。
高中英语科技论文翻译练习题20题含答案解析
高中英语科技论文翻译练习题20题含答案解析1.The development of artificial intelligence has brought many changes.中文翻译：人工智能的发展带来了许多变化。
答案解析：本句较为简单，“development”是“发展”的意思，“artificial intelligence”是“人工智能”，“brought”是“带来”的意思。
这个句子中没有复杂的语法结构，主要是一些常见的科技领域词汇。
2.Scientists are researching new energy sources.中文翻译：科学家们正在研究新能源。
答案解析：“scientists”是“科学家”，“research”在这里是动词“研究”，“new energy sources”是“新能源”。
句子是现在进行时态，体现了科学家们正在进行的动作。
3.The application of 5G technology is widespread.中文翻译：5G 技术的应用很广泛。
答案解析：“application”是“应用”，“5G technology”是“5G 技术”，“widespread”是“广泛的”。
句子主要描述了5G 技术的应用状态。
4.Robots are becoming more and more intelligent.中文翻译：机器人正变得越来越智能。
答案解析：“robots”是“机器人”，“become”是“变得”，“more and more intelligent”是“越来越智能”。
这个句子体现了比较级的用法。
5.The innovation of medical technology saves many lives.中文翻译：医疗技术的创新拯救了许多生命。
答案解析：“innovation”是“创新”，“medical technology”是“医疗技术”，“saves”是“拯救”。
科技英语翻译课后练习答案
3. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused 太by阳d的u大st小in看t起he来a有ir变n化ea，r 这th是e 由ho于riz靠o近n.地平线的空气中
有尘粒而引起的。（分译）
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4. These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译）
2. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 （意译）
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3. The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.
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第4节 翻译练习2
1. The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.
植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）
2. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for 医an生e对m血ia.样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译）
第4章 代词的翻译 1、代词的一般译法 2、人称代词的译法 3、形容词性物主代词的译法 4、指示代词的译法 5、不定代词的译法 6、it及其句型的译法 7、总复习题
科技文体翻译练习1
科技文体翻译练习：The Biotech CenturyRing farewell to the century of physics．It’s time to ring in the century of biotechnology．The 20th century medicine did little to increase the natural life-span of healthy humans．The next medical revolution will change that, because genetic engineering has the potential to conquer cancer，grow new blood vessels in the heart，block the growth of blood vessels in tumors，create new organs from stem cells and perhaps even reset the primeval genetic coding that causes cells to age．Our children may be able(I hope，I fear)to choose their kids traits：to select their gender and eye color；perhaps to tinker with their IQs，personalities and athletic abilities．They could clone themselves，or one of their kids，or a celebrity they admire，or maybe even us after we’ve died．In the 5 million years since we hominids separated from apes，our DNA has evolved less than 2%．But in the next century we’ll be able to alter our DNA radically，encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms．When Dr．Frankenstein made his monster， he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce：“Had I the right，for my own benefit，to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations ?”Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?Probably not．Instead, we’ll reach again for a time-tested moral notion，one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant，the millennium’s most meticulous moralist，guessed up into a categorical imperative：Do unto others as you would have them do unto you：treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end．Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning．Valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts，not as individuals in their own right．We should use genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities (cystic fibrosis，muscular dystrophy) but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ，physical appearance，gender and sexuality)．The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy．Aldous Huxley，in Brave New World，got it wrong：rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families．But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one，including insurance companies，can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us．Then we can get ready for the breakthrough that could come at the end of the next century and is comparable to mapping our genes：mapping the 1O billion or more neurons of our brain．With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain．Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a machine, so that we could live on without the biological brain and body．The 20th century’s revolution in info-technology will merge with the 21st century’s revolution in biotechnology．生物技术世纪现在是告别物理学世纪、迎接生物技术世纪的时候了。
科技翻译ESP chapt.4答案
4. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight charges are. 【改为】 The price of the coal will vary according to the distance of its transportation and the expensiveness of the freight charges. 【译文】煤的价格会随着煤的运途和运费而变 化。
【译文2 】 这一事实表明：摩擦力越小，球 会滚得越远。由此我们可以推论出，如 果一切起阻碍作用的重力和阻力能被克 服，就没有理由认为球一旦处于运动状 态之后会再停下来。
3. Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance.It is measured in farads
2. As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water and displaces an additional amount of water that equals the weight of the added load. 【改为】As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water that equals the weight of the added load. 【译文】船装了货吃水更深，其排开的附加水 量等于所装货的重量。
129366134196562500科技英语 翻译部分答案
科技英语翻译部分答案Unit 1 AutomationIV. 1. 各级的 2. 准确无误的 3. 根据 4. 总管理计算机 5. 高效率地6. intergrated information 7. steel-making 8. corrective action9. punched cards 10. screw conveyorsV.1. 自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。
2. 就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装入高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
3. 钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
4. 信息数据和计算机据此所进行的运算，也总是往上面送到称为总管理计算机的机构中去（或许我应该说，为了防止误解，总管理计算机就是对管理人员起辅助作用的计算机），帮助他们决定在例行工作中或组织机构中进行什么样的变化（如果有的话），以便更有效地管理各个部门，使之与总的经营政策协调一致。
5. 一个受欢迎的结果将可能是使委员会会议和大会讨论更加简洁和条理清晰，更加实事求是和有效率。
而且在许多情况下，完全不需要开会。
VI. 1. Grain was fed into a flour mill by means of a bucket conveyor，and water power moved it over a series of endless belt and screw conveyors through coarse and fine grinding operations until flour emerged.2.Having the combination of two or more automatic operations on a standard machine, such as found with automatic bar machines, vertical turret lathes, and others，is not what is meant by automation. These machines are highly mechanized.3."Automation" has been, and still is, a greatly misused word, but its proper meaning, and therefore its implications, is gradually becoming better understood.4.The computer-aided manager is in a completely different position. Before he gets it，and even before he needs it，the information is processed or digested，all action which can be decided by the machine already taken, giving him the essential factsnot as a rag-bag but in a clear-cut form，so that he may sometimes be faced with one, two, or three basic choices.5.It makes sure that the people who have to make these decisions have adequate predigested information to work on. It is not a question of machines replacing men, it is largely a question of extending men’s faculties by machines so that in fact they become better, more competent men.Unit 2 AutomobileIV. 1.手动或自动挡 2.内部设计 3.薄板锂离子电池 4.太阳能电池板 5.头尾灯 6 concept car 7. Horse power 8. test bed 9. battery pack 10. turning circleV. 1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
科技英语答案和译文
科技英语答案和译文Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。
2. 设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。
科技文献阅读与翻译原文及答案-推荐下载
科技文献阅读与翻译原文红色字体为参考答案，自己酌情修改一下，以免雷同。
Section AI Read the text carefully, and try to sum up (in one sentence if possible) the two or three main points, which the writer is makingGun controlA student of the gun control issue will readily perceive the arena is indeed a broad one, in which we must struggle to preserve the right to keep and bear arms. It is a struggle which will test whatever there might be of genius in any of us and it is one which will merit the devoted efforts of every citizen who in the broadest sense can perceive the relationships which our Bill of Rights liberties bear one to another.I suggest we begin our affirmative role immediately in the area of crime control. The truth is that gun control does not equate with crime control. We have an advantage in this fact which we have neither exploited nor advanced convincingly. It is demonstrable that in those sections of the country where gun possession is most prevalent, crime is least. Encouragingly, many moderate and reasonable men among our opponents are beginning to see that our problem is crime control and that gun control is not going to have much, if any, effect upon it. Of course,for reasons-of their own, some of them still say gun control is desirable. For these people we can only wonder, as would any good citizen, what it is they have in mind for us that our possession of guns makes them so nervous.As long as we concur that any measure of gun control equates with some measure of crime control we are in agreement with those who would eliminate our rights. We would then again be backed into defensive position, held for forty years, always losing a little here and a little there unfit finally nothing would be left us.No group of good citizens has ever struggled more conscientiously along the narrow pathway, between hope and moderation on one hand, and the cold facts of efforts to abolish our rights on the other, than the leaders of the National Rifle Association. Every gun owner in America should applaud the action taken by the Executive Committee of the NRA in Washington, D.C. on July 12, 1974: ‘...the NRA opposes any proposed legislation, at any level of government, which is directed against the inanimate firearm rather than against the criminal misuse of firearms.A reasonable degree of order in society must prevail first. Criminals must be controlled first. we are the decent people. We try to be reasonable and we are not fools even though we have so often made mistakes in the past 40 years.many people turn to England as an example for crime control. The fact isthat in England, for hundreds of years, a man found guilty of any one of number of crimes was promptly hanged. Now that a more humanistic generation of Englishmen has lately abolished these stern but effective methods, crime-including armed crime - is sky-rocketing. Recently armed Englishmen, amid a hail of their own bullets, attempted to kidnap the eldest daughter of the reigning Queen of England! Unbelievable! (From an article in Guns and Ammo by Harlan Carter)Suggested answer.The writer believes that gun-owners are good citizens, and everyone should be free to own guns. If we wish to reduce crime, we should not ban guns, but impose harsher punishments for criminals.II In a paragraph of not more than 100 words, say simply what the witnesses thought happened, and what really happened.A séanceA good example of this technique of investigating the reliability of reports is an experiment reported by S·J Davey. He was interested in the kind of phenomena reported during séances and, using quite simple trickery, which he had planned in advance, he reproduced some of the effects popular among the mediums of the day. His audiences were asked to write down accounts of what they had witnessed, and these observations were then compared with what actually happened. Here is a report written by one witness of such a séance. `On entering the dining-room where the séance was held’, so the report runs, every article of furniture was searched and Mr. Davey turned out his pockets.The door was locked and seated, the gas turned out, and they all sat round the table holding hands, including Mr Davey. A musical box on the table played and floated about. Knockings were heard and bright lights seen. The head of a woman appeared, came close and dematerialized. A half-figure of a man was seena few seconds later .He bowed and then disappeared through the ceiling with a scraping noise..’Another witness also described the searching of the room, the sealing of the door, and the disposition of the medium and sitters round the table. the medium and sitters round the table, She alleged that a female head appeared in a strong light and afterwards a bearded man reading a book, who disappeared through the ceiling.A11 the while Mr. Davey’s hands were held tightly by the sitters on either side, and when the gas was relit the door was still locked and the seal unbroken.A third witness’s account was even more sensational. He reported that ‘nothing was prepared beforehand, the séance was quite casual’. Having described the locking and sealing of the door, he went on to say that he was touched by a cold, clammy hand and heard various raps. After that he saw a bluish-white light which hovered over the heads of the sitters and gradually developed into an apparition that was ‘frightful in itsugliness, but so distinct that everyone could see it .... The features were distinct ... a kind of hood covered the head, and the whole resembled the head of a mummy’. After this an even more wonderful spirit appeared. It began with a streak of light and developed by degrees into a bearded man of Oriental appearance. His eyes were stony and fixed, with a vacant listless expression. At the end of the séance the door was still locked and the seal was intact.So much for some of the reports. Now for the reality. The séance was not a casual affair at all, but had been carefully rehearsed beforehand. At the beginning, Mr Davey went through the motion of apparently locking the door, but he turned the key back again so that the door was actually left unlocked. The ‘props’ for the materializations had been stowed away in a cupboard underneath a bookshelf; this was not looked into by the witnesses who searched the room because, just as they were about to do so, Mr Davey diverted their attention by emptying his pockets to show that he had nothing hidden on his person. The phenomena were produced by a confederate who came in by the unlocked door after the lights had been turned out, and while the musical box was playing loudly to drown the noise of his entry. The ‘apparition offrightful ugliness’ was a mask draped in muslin with a cardboard collar coated with luminous paint. The second spirit was the confederate himself, standing on the back of Mr Davey’s chair, his face faintly illuminated by phosphorescent light fromthe pages of a book he was holding. The rasping noise made when the spirits seemed to disappear through the ceiling was caused accidentally, but interpreted by the witnesses according to their conception of what was happening. When the light was turned on the gummed paper that had been used to seal the door had fallen off, but Mr Davey quickly pressed it back into position and then called the witnesses’ attention to the fact that it was ‘still intact.’ Mr Davey’s performances were so convincing that some leading investigators, including the biologist A. R. Wallace, F. R. S., refused to believe him when he said that he had no mediumistic powers and it had all been done by trickery. In effect the conjurer was challenged to prove that he was not a medium!(From Sense and Nonsense in Psychology by H. J. EysenckSuggested answer.The witnesses thought the room was locked, and that they were alone with Mr Davey. They believed that they saw various supernatural phenomena, such as the spirits of a man and a woman, accompanied by strange lights and noises. In fact, the door was not locked, and the effects were produced by a colleague of Mr Davey who came into the room under cover of darkness and the noise of the musical box. He used materials which had been hidden in a cupboard that was not searched because Mr Davey distracted people’s attention at a crucial moment.Read the following text and make notes.HOW CHILDREN FAILMost children in school fail.For a great many this failure is avowed and absolute. Close to forty per cent of those who begin high school drop out before they finish. For college the figure is one in three.Many others fail in fact if not in name. They complete their schooling only because we have agreed to push them up through the grades and out of the schools, whether they know anything or not. There are many more such children than we think. If we 'raise our standards' much higher, as some would have us do, we will find out very soon just how many there are. Our classrooms will bulge with kids who can't pass the test to get into the next class.But there is a more important sense in which almost all children fail: except for a handful, who may or may not be good students, they fail to develop more than a tiny part of the tremendous capacity for learning, understanding, and creating with which they were born and of which they made full use during the first two or three years of their lives.Why do they fail?They fail because they are afraid, bored, and confused.They are afraid, above all else, of failing, of disappointing or displeasing the many anxious adults around them, whose limitless hopes and expectations for them hang over their heads like a cloud.They are bored because the things they are given and told to do in school are so trivial, so dull, and make such limited and narrow demands on the wide spectrum of their intelligence, capabilities, and talents.They are confused because most of the torrent of words that pours over them in school makes little or no sense. It often flatly contradicts other things they have been told, and hardly ever has any relation to what they really know - to the rough model of reality that they carry around in their minds.How does this mass failure take place? What really goes on in the classroom? What are these children who fail doing? What goes on in their heads? Why don't they make use of more of their capacity?This book is the rough and partial record of a search for answers to these questions. It began as a series of memos written in the evenings to my colleague and friend Bill Hull, whose fifth-grade class I observed and taught in during the day. Later these memos were sent to other interested teachers and parents. A small number of these memos make up this book. They have not been much rewritten, but they have been edited and rearranged under four major topics: Strategy; Fear and Failure; Real Learning; and How Schools Fail. Strategy deals with the ways in whichchildren try to meet, or dodge, the demands that adults make on them in school. Fear and Failure deals with the interaction in children of fear and failure, and the effect of this on strategy and learning. RealLearning deals with the difference between what children appear to know or are expected to know, and what they really know. How SchoolsFail analyses the ways in which schools foster bad strategies, raise children's fears, produce learning which is usually fragmentary, distorted, and short-lived, and generally fail to meet the real needs of children. These four topics are clearly not exclusive. They tend to overlap and blend into each other. They are, at most, different ways of looking at and thinking about the thinking and behaviour of children.It must be made clear that the book is not about unusually bad schools or backward children. The schools in which the experiences described here took place are private schools of the highest standards and reputation. With very few exceptions, the children whose work is described are well above the average in intelligence and are, to all outward appearances, successful, and on their way to 'good' secondary schools and colleges. Friends and colleagues, who understand what I am trying to say about the harmful effect of today's schooling on the character and intellect of children, and who have visited many more schools than I have, tell me that the schools I have not seen are not a bit better than those I have, and very often are worse.How children fail by John Holt, Pitman, 1965Suggested answer.HOW CHILDREN FAILMost children in school fail.o High School - forty per cento College - thirty three per cent.o Others in fact if not name - complete becausepushed, know anythingo But, more importantly, fail to developfull capacity for learning.Why ? Fail because: afraid, bored, and confused.o afraid of failing, disappointing adultso bored because they given trivial, dull, thingsto doo confused because most of school makes littleor no sense, flatly contradicts other things ,no relation to what they really knowHow? Search for answers to questions:o Strategy - ways in which children try to meet, ordodge, the demands made on themo Fear and Failure - interaction in children of fearand failure, + effect on strategy and learning.o Real Learning - compares what childrenappear to know with what really know.o How Schools Fail - ways: schools foster badstrategies; raise children's fears; producefragmentary, distorted & short-lived learning;fail to meet real needsRead the following text quickly and answer the questions.1.When were X-rays discovered?2.Who discovered them?3.What are the four characteristics of X-rays?The Discovery of X-raysExcept for a brief description of the Compton effect, and a few other remarks, we have postponed the discussion of X-rays until the present chapter because it is particularly convenient to treat X-ray spectra after treating optical spectra. Although this ordering may have given the reader a distorted impression of the historical importance of X-rays, this impression will be corrected shortly as we describe the crucial role played by X-rays in the development of modern physics.X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Roentgen while studying the phenomena of gaseous discharge. Using a cathode ray tube with a high voltage of several tens of kilovolts, he noticed that salts of barium would fluoresce when brought near the tube, although nothing visible was emitted by the tube. This effect persisted when the tube was wrapped with a layer of black cardboard. Roentgen soon established that theagency responsible for the fluorescence originated at the point at which the stream of energetic electrons struck the glass wall of the tube. Because of its unknown nature, he gave this agency the name X-rays. He found that X-rays could manifest themselves by darkening wrapped photographic plates, discharging charged electroscopes, as well as by causing fluorescence in a number of different substances. He also found that X-rays can penetrate considerable thicknesses of materials of low atomic number, whereas substances of high atomic number are relatively opaque. Roentgen took the first steps in identifying the nature of X-rays by using a system of slits to show that (1) they travel in straight lines, and that (2) they are uncharged, because they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.The discovery of X-rays aroused the interest of all physicists, and many joined in the investigation of their properties. In 1899 Haga and Wind performed a single slit diffraction experiment with X-rays which showed that (3) X-rays are a wave motion phenomenon, and, from the size of the diffraction pattern, their wavelength could be estimated to be 10-8 cm. In 1906 Barkla proved that (4) the waves are transverse by showing that they can be polarized by scattering from many materials.There is, of course, no longer anything unknown about the nature of X-rays. They are electromagnetic radiation of exactly the same nature as visible light, except that their wavelength is several orders of magnitudeshorter. This conclusion follows from comparing properties 1 through 4 with the similar properties of visible light, but it was actually postulated by Thomson several years before all these properties were known. Thomson argued that X-rays are electromagnetic radiation because such radiation would be expected to be emitted from the point at which the electrons strike the wall of a cathode ray tube. At this point, the electrons suffer very violent accelerations in coming to a stop and, according to classical electromagnetic theory, all accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiations. We shall see later that this explanation of the production of X-rays is at least partially correct.In common with other electromagnetic radiations, X-rays exhibit particle-like aspects as well as wave-like aspects. The reader will recall that the Compton effect, which is one of the most convincing demonstrations of the existence of quanta, was originally observed with electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray region of wavelengths.AnswersRead the following text quickly and answer the questions.1.When were X-rays discovered?2.Who discovered them?3.What are the four characteristics of X-rays?1.18952.Roentgen3.1. they travel in straight lines2. they are uncharged3. they are a wave motion phenomenon4. the waves are transverseSection DTranslate the following passage into Chinese:When you are researching, write down every idea, fact, quotation, or paraphrase on a separate index card. Small (5" by 3") cards are easiest to work with. When you've collected all your cards,reshuffle them into the best possible order, and you have an outline, though you will undoubtedly want to reduce this outline to the essential points should you transcribe it to paper.A useful alternative involves using both white and coloured cards. When you come up with a point that you think may be one of the main points in your outline, write it at the top of a coloured card.Put each supporting note on a separate white card, using as much of the card as necessary. When you feel ready, arrange the coloured cards into a workable plan. Some of the points may not fit in. If so, either modify the plan or leave these points out. You may need to fill gaps by creating new cards.You can shuffle your supporting material into the plan by placing each of the white cards behind the point it helps support.当你正在研究,写下每一个想法,事实上,报价,或意译在单独的索引卡。
科技英语答案和译文
科技英语答案和译文Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。
2. 设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。
《科技英语文献阅读与翻译》Unit 1-TextB
made it hard for the president candidate to fall asleep. 2) to join as spouses, marry eg: Falling in love at the first sight, they coupled as a perfect match.
promotion. (The) chances are (that)…: It is likely that… eg: Chances are they’ll be intent on leaving for
As the Internet and other forms of electronic communication become more prevalent, electronic security is also becoming increasingly important. Cryptography is used to protect e-mail messages, credit card information, and corporate data.
eavesdrop v. listen secretly to private conversation of others
成都信息工程大学科技英语翻译课后习题答案
"Science and Technology in Traditional China" on pages 25-26 Ⅰ.Translate following terms into English.印刷术printing火药gunpowder指南针compass/magnetism中国的社会结构structure of Chinese society雕版印刷block printing佛经Buddhist text儒家经典著作Classical Books of Confucius活字印刷moveable type磁力罗盘magnetic compass指南勺south-controlling spoon磁偏角magnetic declination磁的二极性（磁极性）magnetic polarityⅡ.Translate sentences 1, 2, 5 in exerciseⅡinto Chinese.1、Until relativeiy recently the general belief in the West was that the science and technology which had existed in traditional China was of relatively little importance compared with that of Europe.Tr: 直到不久以前，西方普遍认为，与欧洲相比，古代中国的科学技术微不足道。
2、These three discoveries——printing,gunpowder and magnetism——were all made much earlier in China than in Europe but, unlike in Europe, these discoveries were not followed by major changes in the structure of Chinese society.Tr: 印刷术、火药、指南针这三大发明都先出现在中国，大大早于欧洲。
科技英语翻译课后练习答案
2.
Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
3.
All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和 叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求
1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
英语水平 汉语水平 专业知识 翻译知识 翻译经验
1.3 科技英语文体的特点
1.
2.
3. 4. 5.
第三人称句多 被动语态多 专业名词、术语多 非谓语动词多 长句多
1.4 翻译的一般方法
1.
直译与意译 （第4节 翻译练习1）
人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的 混合物。（增译）
3.
The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。
6. 7. 8.
Kangaroos are found in Australia.
大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
This plant is found in e sea near the mouth of rivers
这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.
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科技文献翻译电子档答案科技文献翻译考试试题1.大型飞机自动化装配技术摘要：本文简述了大型飞机及其结构特点，通过比较人与机器两种装配系统的特性，分析装配自动化水平与装配成本等诸多因素的关系曲线，指出了自动化装配技术在保证大型飞机长寿命、高效率、低成本研制和生产等方面的意义；对外国大型飞机的装配自动化发展状况进行了综述，简要分析了国外发展的几种主要自动化装配系统，总结了国外大型飞机的自动化装配水平；对西方国家在大型飞机自动化装配中采用的先进的装配理念和方法，如决定性装配方法等进行了概述。
最后针对国内自动化装配水平低的现状和大型飞机研制和生产的需求，提出了发展模块化结构的自动化装配系统、贯彻并行工程理念实现面向制造和面向装配的设计等发展建议。
关键词：自动化装配；大型飞机；长寿命；柔性装配；模块化；决定性装配1. Automatic Assembly Technology for LargeAircraftAbstract: This paper aims at the largeassembly system, carrying out the means of concurrent engineering and realizing the designs for manufacturing and assembly. Key words: automatic assembly; large aircraft; long life; flexible assembly; modularization; determinant assembly2.基于SAT的快速电路时延计算摘要：针对现有的基于时间展开电路求解时延算法在电路规模较大或者时延模型精度较高时效率较低的问题，提出一种基于子电路抽取的电路时延计算方法。
基于展开电路，通过分析输出端约束找到相关的输出端，利用回溯抽取与这些输出端相关的逻辑锥子电路，并在子电路而不是在展开电路上进行求解。
由于抽取的子电路的规模远小于展开电路的规模，加速r求解过程；同时提出了抽象电路的概念，并分析了抽取子电路的同构特性。
通过在抽象电路上进行预处理得到学习子句，从而可以利用学习子句加速每一次的SAT求解过程。
在ISCA85和ISCA89电路上的实验结果表明，采用文中方法使得电路时延的求解效率平均提高了约8倍。
关键词：可满足性；电路时延；电路展开2. Fast Circuit Delay Calculation Based onSAT SolversAbstract: Traditional time unrolling based circuit delay calculation method is inefficient in the case that large circuits are analyzed or accurate delay models are adopted. In order to speedup circuit delay calculation, an improved method by sub-circuit extraction is proposed in this paper. On one hand, a sub-circuit is constructed by analyzing output constraints and extracting related logic cones from the unrolled circuit. The circuit delay is checked on the extracted sub-circuit instead of the unrolled circuit, thus the calculation process is speeded up. On the other hand, the concept of abstract circuitis proposed and preprocess is applied on it to find out the shared structures among extracted sub-circuits. The learningclauses derived from preprocessing can be utilized to speed up SAT solving at each checking step. Experimental results on ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 benchmark demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve the efficiency of circuit delay calculation by about 8 times over the traditional method on average.Key words: satisfiability(SAT); circuit delay; circuit unrolling3.人工智能的突破与科学方法的创新摘要：最近十年人工智能理论的研究取得了重要突破：1）发现了智能生成的共性核心机制是在给定条件下的“信息——知识——智能转换”，由此建立了人工智能的机制模拟方法；2）发现了知识的生态学结构是在本能知识支持下的“经验知识——规范知识——常识知识转换”，因而开拓了人工智能研究的视野；3）把智能生成的共性核心机制与知识的生态学结构结合起来，发现原先各自独立发展的人工智能“结构模拟、功能模拟、行为模拟方法分别是机制模拟方法在不同知识条件下的和谐特例”，从而形成r人工智能研究的统一方法和理论，为人工智能的发展开辟了新的前景。
文中认为，人工智能研究的上述突破在很大程度上得益于科学研究方法论的创新。
关键词：知识生态；机制模拟；统一理论；科学方法论3. Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligenceand Innovation in Methodology Abstract: The following breakthroughs have been made in the field of artificial intelligence(AI) research over the last decade: 1)The common kerned mechanism of intelligence formation, the information-knowledge-intelligence conversion was discovered. Thus, the mechanism simulation of intelligence was established. 2)The knowledge ecological structure, the empirical knowledge-regular knowledge-commonsense knowledge conversion, which is all supported by innate knowledge,was discovered. 3)The combination of 1) and 2)has led to another discovery that the existing and independent AI approaches, the structural simulation approach to cortex of the brain, the functional simulation approach to the logical thinking, and the behavior simulation approach to the intelligent beings, are three special harmonious cases of the mechanism simulation of intelligence under respective knowledge. Therefore, the unified simulation approach and AI theory are achieved. which opens up prospects for AI research. It is believed that the radical source for the breakthroughs in Al is the innovation of scientific methodology.Key words: Knowledge Ecology; Mechanism Simulation; Unified Theory; Scientific Methodology4.一种基于数据库的动态Web权限树快速生成方法摘要：文章提出一种基于数据库生成动态Web权限树的快速方法，采用了一系列综合优化技术，如客户端浏览器的Web树形显现组件实现，支持动态权限分配的数据表设计以及对数据库一次访问实现权限树快速生成的算法。
该方法合理分配了计算单元之间的运算负载，有效降低了通信交互和等待时间，并注重采用高效算法充分挖掘每个计算单元的潜力。
该方法在DAG系统的开发中达到满意的工程应用效果。
与当前的相关研究成果的全画对比表明，该方法快速高效，具有理论参考和工程借鉴价值。
关键词：动态权限树；树形显示；综合优化；负载均衡；JavaScript编程语言4. A Rapid Method of Generating DynamicPermission Tree for Web DatabaseApplicationAbstract: A rapid method of generating dynamic permission tree for Web database application is presented in this paper, which uses a range of integrated optimization techniques including theimplementation of a tree view component in client Web browser, the design of database tables supporting dynamic rights allocation, and the rapid algorithm of generating permission tree through a single visit to the database. By allocating reasonable computational load among computing units, this method effectively reduces the waiting time for interaction and communication, and also takes efficient algorithms to fully tap the potential of each computing unit. The method has been adopted in the development of DAG system, and has reached a satisfying engineering effect. Through the overall comparison to current research findings, this method is proved a fast and efficient technology, which has a relatively high value for research and development.Key words: dynamic permission tree; tree view; integrated optimization; load balance; JavaScript programming language5.云计算：系统实例与研究现状摘要：针对云计算这样一个范畴综述了当前云计算所采用的技术，剖析其背后的技术含义以及当前云计算参与企业所采用的云计算实现方案。