兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库5TB(1)

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博迪《金融学》第2版名校考研真题[视频讲解](单选题)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版名校考研真题[视频讲解](单选题)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版名校考研真题【视频讲解】一、单选题1.以下货币制度中会发生劣币驱逐良币现象的是()。

[中央财大2011金融硕士] A.金银双本位B.金银平行本位C.金币本位D.金汇兑本位【答案】A【解析】金银双本位制下金、银两种金属同时被法律承认为货币金属,金、银铸币都可自由铸造,都有无限的法定支付能力。

当金银铸币各按其本身所包含的价值并行流通时,市场上的商品就出现了金银两重价格,而这两重价格随金银市场比价的不断变动而变动。

为了克服由此造成的紊乱,很多国家用法律规定了金币与银币的比价。

但金银市场比价并不会由于法定比例的确定而不再发生变化。

于是法定比价和市场比价之间可能会出现差异,价值被高估的货币渐渐被贮藏,而劣币充斥市场。

金银平行本位是金银两种本位币按其所含金属的实际价值流通,国家对两种货币的交换不加规定,而由市场上的金银的实际比价自由确定金币和银币比价的货币制度。

在金本位制下,每单位的货币价值等同于若干重量的黄金(即货币含金量);当不同国家使用金本位时,国家之间的汇率由它们各自货币的含金量之比——铸币平价(Mint Parity)来决定。

金汇兑本位制(Gold Exchange Standard)又称“虚金本位制”,该国货币一般与另一个实行金本位制或金块本位制国家的货币保持固定的比价,并在后者存放外汇或黄金作为平准基金,从而间接实行了金本位制。

实际上,它是一种带有附属性质的货币制度。

当然,无论金块本位制或金汇兑本位制,都是削弱了的金本位制,很不稳定。

而这种脆弱的制度经过1929年~1933年的世界经济危机,终于全部瓦解。

2.面值为100元的永久性债券票面利率是10%,当市场利率为8%时,该债券的理论市场价格应该是()元。

[中央财大2011金融硕士]A.100B.125C.110D.1375【答案】B 【解析】该债券的理论市场价格应该是(元)125%8%10100=⨯==m r C P 。

3.实际利率为3%,预期通货膨胀率为6%,则名义利率水平应该近似地等于()。

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策一、概念题1.持久收入假说(武汉大学2002研;南开大学2008研)答:持久收入假说由美国经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼(M.Friedman)提出,认为消费者的消费支出主要不是由他的现期收入决定,而是由他的永久收入决定。

所谓永久收入是指消费者可以预计到的长期收入。

永久收入大致可以根据观察到的若干年收入的数值之加权平均数计得,距现在的时间越近,权数越大;反之,则越小。

根据这种理论,政府想通过增减税收来影响总需求的政策是不能奏效的,因为人们减税而增加的收入,并不会立即用来增加消费。

与生命周期假说不同的是,持久收入假说偏重于个人如何预测自己未来收入问题。

持久收入假说认为:(1)消费不只同现期收入相联系,而是以一生或永久的收入作为消费决策的依据。

(2)一次性暂时收入变化引起的消费支出变动甚小,即其边际消费倾向很低,甚至近于零,但来自永久收入变动的消费倾向很大,甚至接近于1。

(3)当政府想用税收政策影响消费时,如果减税或增税只是临时性的,则消费者并不会受到很大影响,只有永久性税收变动,政策才会有明显效果。

2.跨期预算约束与最优消费选择费雪认为,人们在消费时会受到一些限制,这些约束包括:预算约束(即人们可以为自己进行消费所支出的数额大小)和跨期预算约束(即人们可以为自己在当前消费和未来消费所支付的数额大小)。

假定消费者的一生可以分为两个时期:第一个时期是青年时期,第二个时期是老年时期。

用1y 和1c 分别表示消费者在第一个时期的收入和消费,用2y 和2c 分别表示消费者在第二个时期的收入和消费。

再假定消费者有机会进行借贷或储蓄,因此他在任何一个时期的消费都可以大于或小于那一时期的收入。

第一个时期的储蓄或借贷:11s y c =-(0s >表示储蓄,0s <表示借贷),第二个时期的消费:()221c r s y =++,其中r 为实际利率。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(期权市场与或有索取权市场)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(期权市场与或有索取权市场)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第15章期权市场与或有索取权市场一、概念题1.或有索取权(contingent claim)答:或有索取权是一类范围广泛的资产或证券,这种资产未来的收益取决于其他资产或某些不确定事件的结果。

常见的或有索权权有债务和权益资本的或有索取权。

(1)债务资本的或有索取权:债务资本体现为借债的公司承诺在某一确定的时间支付给债权人一笔固定的金额。

一般地,假设债权人得到在年末将获得金额为F的支付承诺。

如果公司年末的价值X,等于或大于F,债权人将获得F。

显然,如果公司不足以支付承诺的金额,公司将会“破产”。

无论这些资产价值多少,它将被迫变现。

债权人所得到的是X。

从数学上来看,这意味着债权人拥有对X和F之间较小数额的索取权。

图15-1表示债权人报酬结构的本质。

图15-1债权人报酬结构的本质(2)权益资本的或有索取权:股东在年末对公司价值的索取权等于支付给债权人之后的剩余部分。

当然,如果公司的价值等于或少于承诺支付给债权人的数额,股东什么都得不到。

用数学公式来表达,如果X>F,股东的索取权是X-F;如果X≤F,股东的索取权等于0。

图15-1描述了这一关系。

总之,债权人的索取权和股东的索取权之和总是等于公司期末的价值。

2.买入期权(call)答:买入期权又称“买方期权”、“看涨期权”、“多头期权”、“敲进”,是指期权买方在合约到期日或有效期内按照预先敲定的交割价格从期权卖方手中买入某种金融资产或商品的权利,是期权交易的种类之一。

购买这种期权以人们预测市场价格将有上涨趋势为前提。

投资者在支付一定的期权费取得该种期权后,在合约到期日或到期日之前的有效期限内,若市场价格超过协定价格与期权费之和的水平,则可通过行使期权以协定价格买入合约规定的一定数量的金融资产或商品,再以市场价格卖出,从而获利。

在市场价格上涨引起期权费上升的情况下,持有者也可在合约有效期限内以较高的期权费转售该种期权,从而获利。

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(投资组合机会和选择)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(投资组合机会和选择)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第12章投资组合机会和选择一、概念题1.有效组合(efficient portfolio)(中央财大2012金融硕士;上海财大2000研)答:有效组合指在期望收益率一定时其风险(即标准差)最低的证券组合,或者指在风险一定时其期望收益率最高的证券组合。

有效边界上的点对应的证券组合也称为有效组合。

图12-1有效边界具体来讲,在所有可行的投资组合中,如果证券组合的特征由期望收益率和收益率方差来表示,则投资者需要在E-δ坐标系中的可行域中寻找最好的点,但不可能在可行域中找到一点被所有投资者都认为是最好的。

按照投资者的共同偏好规则,可以排除那些被所有投资者都认为差的组合,排除后余下的这些组合就是有效证券组合。

根据有效组合的定义,有效组合不止一个,描绘在可行域的图形中,如图粗实线部分它是可行域的上边界部分,也即有效边界ABC曲线段(图12-1)。

对于可行域内部及下边界上的任意可行组合,均可以在有效边界上找到一个有效组合比它好。

但有效边界上的不同组合,比如B和C,按共同偏好规则不能区分好差。

因而有效组合相当于有可能被某位投资者选作最佳组合的候选组合,不同投资者可以在有效边界上获得任一位置。

作为一个理性投资者,且厌恶风险,则他不会选择有效边界以外的点。

此外,A点是一个特殊的位置,它是上边界和下边界的交汇点,这一点所代表的组合在所有可行组合中方差最小,因而被称作最小方差组合。

2.市场证券组合(market portfolio)(上海财大2002研)答:市场证券组合指个人或机构投资者所持有的各种与整个资本市场的构成完全相同的有价证券组合的总称,通常包括各种类型的债券、股票及存款单等。

证券组合的分类通常以组合的投资目标为标准。

证券组合按不同标准可以分为避税型、收入型、增长型、收入和增长混合型、货币市场型、国际型及指数化型等。

投资者构建证券组合的原因主要有:①降低风险。

资产组合理论证明,证券组合的风险随着组合所包含证券数量的增加而降低,资产间关联性极低的多元化证券组合可以有效地降低非系统风险。

博迪《金融学》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解修订版答案

博迪《金融学》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解修订版答案

博迪《金融学》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(修订版)完整版>精研学习䋞>无偿试用20%资料全国547所院校视频及题库全收集考研全套>视频资料>课后答案>往年真题>职称考试第1部分金融和金融体系第1章金融学1.1复习笔记1.2课后习题详解第2章金融市场和金融机构2.1复习笔记2.2课后习题详解第3章管理财务健康状况和业绩3.1复习笔记3.2课后习题详解第2部分时间与资源配置第4章跨期配置资源4.1复习笔记4.2课后习题详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策5.1复习笔记5.2课后习题详解第6章投资项目分析6.1复习笔记6.2课后习题详解第3部分价值评估模型第7章市场估值原理7.1复习笔记7.2课后习题详解第8章已知现金流的价值评估:债券8.1复习笔记8.2课后习题详解第9章普通股的价值评估9.1复习笔记9.2课后习题详解第4部分风险管理与资产组合理论第10章风险管理的原理10.1复习笔记10.2课后习题详解第11章对冲、投保和分散化11.1复习笔记11.2课后习题详解第12章资产组合机会和选择12.1复习笔记12.2课后习题详解第5部分资产定价第13章资本市场均衡13.1复习笔记13.2课后习题详解第14章远期市场与期货市场14.1复习笔记14.2课后习题详解第15章期权市场与或有索取权市场15.1复习笔记15.2课后习题详解第6部分公司金融第16章企业的财务结构16.1复习笔记16.2课后习题详解第17章实物期权17.1复习笔记17.2课后习题详解。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(金融学)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(金融学)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第1章金融学一、概念题1.金融学(finance)答:金融学是一项针对人们怎样跨期配置稀缺资源的研究。

其主要研究货币领域的理论及货币资本资源的配置与选择、货币与经济的关系及货币对经济的影响、现代银行体系的理论和经营活动的经济学科,是当代经济学的一个相对独立而又极为重要的分支。

金融学所涵盖的内容极为丰富,诸如货币原理、货币信用与利息原理、金融市场与银行体系、储蓄与投资、保险、信托、证券交易、货币理论、货币政策、汇率及国际金融等。

2.金融体系(financial system)答:金融体系是金融市场以及其他金融机构的集合,这些集合被用于金融合同的订立以及资产和风险的交换。

金融体系是由连接资金盈余者和资金短缺者的一系列金融中介机构和金融市场共同构成的一个有机体,包括股票、债券和其他金融工具的市场、金融中介(如银行和保险公司)、金融服务公司(如金融咨询公司)以及监控管理所有这些单位的管理机构等。

研究金融体系如何发展演变是金融学科的重要方面。

3.资产(assets)答:资产是指个人、公司或者组织拥有的具有商业或交换价值的任何物品,它能在未来产生经济利益,资产有三个非常重要的特征:①能在未来产生经济利益;②由实体控制;③由过去发生的事项或交易产生。

在国民账户体系中,资产是指经济资产,即所有者能对其行使所有权,并在持有或使用期间可以从中获得经济利益的资源或实体。

资产可分为金融资产和非金融资产两大类。

金融资产是指以价值形态或以金融工具形式存在的资产,它包括金融债权以及货币黄金和特别提款权。

非金融资产是指非金融性的资产,它包括生产资产和非生产资产。

在企业财务会计中,资产是指由过去的交易和事项所形成的,并由企业拥有或控制,预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源。

按流动性可分为流动资产和非流动资产两大类。

流动资产是指企业可以在一年或超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或者耗用的资产。

非流动资产是指不能在一年或者超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或耗用的资产。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(管理财务健康状况和业绩)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(管理财务健康状况和业绩)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第3章管理财务健康状况和业绩一、概念题1.账面价值(book values)答:账面价值是指会计账面所表现的资产价值,分为资产的账面价值和公司的账面价值。

资产的账面价值是指公司的资产在会计账簿上表现的价值,即原来购进资产的价值(资产的成本)减去折旧。

在固定资产购置当期,资产的账面价值等于当期市场价值加上运输、安装、调试等费用。

在固定资产正式投产营运后,每一会计期间都会对该资产计提折旧。

资产的账面价值会随着累计折旧的增加而减少,直到该资产报废时其账面价值仅剩残值,进而转销该资产。

公司的账面价值,是指公司资产负债表上所列示的资产总额减去负债、优先股之后的差额。

账面价值以历史成本为基础,它与一项资产或一个公司的市场价值关系不大。

2.无形资产(intangible assets)答:无形资产是指企业为生产商品、提供劳务、出租给他人,或为管理目的而持有的、没有实物形态的非货币性长期资产,如专利权、商标权、著作权、土地使用权、非专利技术、专营权、商誉等。

无形资产的特征有:①不具有实物形态;②可以在一个以上会计期间为企业提供经济利益;③有偿取得;④提供的未来经济利益具有很大的不确定性;⑤用于生产商品或提供劳务、出租给他人或为了行政管理目的而持有。

无形资产按形成来源不同可分为购入的、自创的、投资者投入的、接受捐赠的无形资产等;按能否辨认可分为可辨认无形资产和不可辨认无形资产。

无形资产只有在该资产产生的经济利益很可能流入企业、该资产的成本能够可靠地计量时,企业才能加以确认。

3.商誉(goodwill)答:商誉是指企业在经营活动中所具有的优越获利能力的潜在经济价值,是一种不可辨认的无形资产。

商誉由企业的良好信誉、产品的较高质量和市场占有率、可靠的销售网络、有效的内部管理、先进的技术、优越的地理位置等因素形成。

其特征是:①商誉与企业整体相关,不能单独存在;②形成商誉的因素无法单独计值;③商誉与形成商誉过程中所发生的成本无关,它是一种获得超额收益的能力。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】

博迪《⾦融学》第2版课后习题及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】博迪《⾦融学》第2版课后习题及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策⼀、概念题1.⼈⼒资本(human capital)答:⼈⼒资本是指劳动者受到教育、培训、实践经验、迁移、保健等⽅⾯的投资⽽获得的知识和技能的积累,亦称“⾮物⼒资本”。

由于这种知识与技能可以为其所有者带来⼯资等收益,因⽽形成了⼀种特定的资本——⼈⼒资本。

任何使⼈⼒资本增值的活动都是⼈⼒资本投资,包括医疗和保健、在职⼈员培训、正规教育、成⼈教育与培训、迁移者⼯作搜寻等等。

⼈⼒资本投资的决策是⼀种收益与成本的权衡,其成本包括:实际的费⽤或直接的费⽤、放弃的⼯资报酬以及⼼理成本。

投资的预期收益可能是以各种形式表现出来的,⽐如较⾼的未来收⼊、终⾝⼯作满意程度的提⾼、对娱乐活动欣赏⽔平的提⾼以及欣赏兴趣的增长等。

2.永久性收⼊(permanent income)答:永久性收⼊是指消费者可以预期到的长期收⼊,即预期在较长时期中(3年以上)可以维持的稳定的收⼊流量。

永久性收⼊是弗⾥德曼持久收⼊假说中的重要概念,⼤致可以根据所观察到的若⼲年收⼊的数值的加权平均数来计算,估算持久收⼊的计算公式为:YP T=Y T-1+θ(Y T-Y T-1)=θY T-(1-θ)Y T-1(0<θ<1)式中,YP T为现期永久性收⼊,Y T为现期收⼊,Y T-1为前期收⼊,θ为加权数。

该公式说明,现期的永久性收⼊等于前期收⼊和两个时期收⼊变动的⼀定⽐率,或者说等于现期收⼊和前期收⼊的加权平均数。

加权数的⼤⼩取决于⼈们对未来收⼊的预期,这种预期要根据过去的经验进⾏修改,称为适应性预期。

如果⼈们认为前期和后期收⼊变动的时间较长,θ就⼤;反之,前期和后期收⼊变动的时间较短,θ就⼩。

3.跨期预算约束(inter-temporal budget constraint)答:跨期预算约束是指决定⼀⽣消费计划时⾯临的约束条件,即⼀⽣的消费开⽀和遗产的现值等于包括初始财产和未来劳动收⼊在内的⼀⽣资源的现值。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解博迪的《金融学》第2版是一本广泛使用的金融学教材,其中的课后习题对于学生理解和掌握金融学概念和理论具有重要意义。

本文将选取一些具有代表性的课后习题,并提供详细的解答和分析。

答:金融学是一项针对人们怎样跨期配置稀缺资源的研究。

它涉及货币、投资、证券、银行、保险、基金等领域,主要研究如何在不确定的环境下对资源进行跨时期分配,以实现最大化的收益或满足特定的目标。

金融体系(financial system)答:金融体系是金融市场以及其他金融机构的集合,这些集合被用于金融合同的订立以及资产和风险的交换。

它是由连接资金盈余者和资金短缺者的一系列金融中介机构和金融市场共同构成的一个有机体,包括股票、债券和其他金融工具的市场、金融中介(如银行和保险公司)、金融服务公司(如金融咨询公司)以及监控管理所有这些单位的管理机构等。

研究金融体系如何发展演变是金融学科的重要方面。

假设某个投资者在2022年购买了一张面值为1000元,年利率为5%的债券,并在2023年以1100元的价格卖出。

请问该投资者的年化收益率是多少?(1100 - 1000) / 1000 × 100% = 10%其中,分子部分为投资者获得的收益,分母部分为投资者的初始投资金额。

答:现代金融学的三个主要理论包括资本资产定价模型(CAPM)、有效市场假说(EMH)和现代投资组合理论(MPT)。

资本资产定价模型(CAPM)是一种用来决定资产合理预期收益的模型,它认为资产的预期收益与该资产的系统性风险有关。

在投资决策中,投资者可以通过比较不同资产的预期收益与其系统性风险来确定最优投资组合。

有效市场假说(EMH)认为市场是有效的,即市场上的价格反映了所有可用信息。

根据这个理论,投资者无法通过分析信息来获取超额收益。

然而,在实践中,许多研究表明市场并非完全有效,投资者可以通过分析和利用信息来获得超额收益。

现代投资组合理论(MPT)是由Harry Markowitz于20世纪50年代提出的,它认为投资者应该通过多元化投资来降低风险。

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库3TB(1)

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库3TB(1)

兹维博迪⾦融学第⼆版试题库3TB(1)Chapter ThreeManaging Financial Health and PerformanceThis chapter contains 62multiple choice questions, 19 short problems and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.For a corporation, net worth is called ________.(a) net income(b) assets(c) stockholder’s equity(d) retained earningsAnswer: (c)2.On a company’s published balance sheet, the value of assets, liabilities and net worth, are measured at ________.(a)expected market value(b)current book value(c)current market value(d)historical acquisition costsAnswer: (d)3.Any U.S. or non-U.S. company that wishes to list its shares on a U.S. exchange must regularly report its activities by filing financial statements with the ________.(a)SEC(b)NYSE(c)GAAP(d)AMEXAnswer: (a)4.Noncurrent assets typically consist of ________.(a)accounts payable(b)receivables and inventories(c)cash and marketable securities(d)property, plant, and equipmentAnswer: (d)5.The difference between a firm’s current assets and its current liabilities is called ________.(a)net worth(b)net working capital(c)net income(d)stockholder’s equityAnswer: (b)6.________ is the difference between revenues and cost of goods sold.(a)Operating income(b)Gross margin(c)Taxable income(d)Change in retained earningsAnswer: (b)7.________ is the difference between gross margin and GS&A expenses.(a)Operating income(b)Gross margin(c)Taxable income(d)Net incomeAnswer: (a)8.Although it differs from the income statement, the statement of cash flows is a useful supplement to the income statement because:(a)it focuses attention on what is happening to the firm’s cash position over time(b)it avoids the judgments about revenue and expense recognition that go into the income statement(c)it is influenced by accrual accounting decisions(d)(a) and (b)Answer: (d)9.On the statement of cash flows, the purchase of new plant and equipment represents a ________.(a)cash flow from operating activity(b)cash flow from investing activity(c)cash flow from financing activity(d)total cash flow from (a) + (b) +(c )Answer: (b)10.On the balance sheet, the value of assets, liabilities, and net worth are measured in accordance with ________.(a)generally accepted economic principles(b)generally accepted accounting principles(c)market value accreditation(d)generally adopted and accredited principlesAnswer: (b)11.________ is the official accounting value of assets and shareholder’s equity.(a)Market value(b)Historical market value(c)Book value(d)Economic value addedAnswer: (c)12.Building up a good reputation for quality and reliability, and building up a knowledge base as theresult of past research and development, are both examples of ________ that add to the firm’s________.(a)intangible assets, book value(b)tangible assets, market value(c)tangible assets, book value(d)intangible assets, market valueAnswer: (d)13.The value of goodwill is the difference between the ________ of the acquisition and its ________.(a)market price, book value(b)amortized value, market price(c)historical acquisition cost, book value(d)market price, after tax valueAnswer: (a)14.At the beginning of 19X7 Success Galore has a market price of $250 per share and at the end of theyear $225.50. Cash dividends for the year are $7.50 per share. Compute the total shareholder returns.(a)6.8%(b)–6.8%(c)12.8%(d)–12.8%Answer: (b)15.Success Galore had a market price of $178 per share at the beginning of 19X7 and at the end of theyear the price per share was $205.50. Cash dividends for the year were $7 per share. Calculate the total shareholder returns.(a)19.38%(b)–19.38%(c)16.79%(d)–16.79%Answer: (a)16.In 19X7, Kanga Inc. had a net income of $40.2 million, assets of $600 million, and shareholders’equity of $405 million. Calculate the return on equity.(a)4%(b)6.7%(c)9.93%(d)20.62%Answer: (c)17.Asset turnover ratios ________.(a)assess the firm’s profitability(b)assess the firm’s ability to use its assets productively in generating revenue(c)highlight the capital structure of the firm(d)measure the ability of the firm to meet its short-term obligationsAnswer: (b)Use the information below for BGB Manufacturing to answer Questions 18-22.18.Calculate the current ratio for BGB Manufacturing for 1998.(a)1.5 times(b)2.43 times(c)3.19 times(d)4.25 timesAnswer: (b)19.Calculate the quick ratio for BGB Manufacturing for 1997.(a)0.25 times(b)0.5 times(c)0.75 times(d)1.5 timesAnswer: (c)20.From the perspective of a bank loan officer from 1997 to the present, which of the followingstatements best summarizes the information revealed by the current ratio and quick ratio for BGB Manufacturing?(a)The ability of the firm to meet its long-term obligations has deteriorated.(b)The ability of the firm to meet its short-term obligations has improved.(c)The ability of the firm to meet its short-term obligations has deteriorated.(d)The ability of the firm to meet its long-term obligations has improved.Answer: (b)21.Calculate the debt ratio for BGB Manufacturing for 1999.(a)0.14%(b)0.24%(c)0.48%(d)0.82%Answer: (c)22.Calculate the times interest earned (TIE) ratio for BGB Manufacturing for 1998.(a)2.25 times(b)2.7 times(c)3.25 times(d)5.2 timesAnswer: (c)23. If a firm’s total asset turnover ratio is 3.0:(a)its average total assets are one-sixth of its annual sales(b)its average total assets are three times its annual sales(c)its annual sales are three times its average total assets(d)its annual sales are one-third of its total assetsAnswer: (c)24. A firm has a P/E of 9 and a market to book ratio of 2.5. If EPS are $3.50, what is the book value per share?(a) $8.75(b) $12.60(c) $31.50(d) $78.75Answer: (b)25. A firm has EBIT of $3 million, sales of $15 million, and average total assets of $30 million. Calculate its ROA.(a)6.67%(b)10%(c) 20%(d) 50%Answer: (b)26. If the average inventory for a firm is $17 million and inventory turnover is 0.9 times, what is its cost of goods sold?(a)$15.3 million(b)$18.89 million(c)$153 million(d)$188.9 millionAnswer: (a)27. If the average total assets for the Heartland Corporation are $660 million and EAT are $100 million, calculate its ROA. Assume a tax rate of 40% and interest of $3 million.(a) 15.15%(b) 15.6%(c) 25.15%(d) 25.71%Answer: (d)28. The beginning of year receivables for a firm are $40 million. If the receivables turnover for the firm is4.2 times and its sales are $220 million, calculate the firm’s end of year receivables.(a) $24.76 million(b) $52.38 million(c) $64.76 million(d) $168 millionAnswer: (c)29. In developing a financial plan, the first step is to:(a) distribute rewards and punishments to relevant parties(b) develop the firm’s strategic plan(c) establish specific performance targets for the firm and its suppliers(d) adjust targets based on the previous year’s dataAnswer: (b)30. The planning horizon is an important component of the financial planning process. Generally, the longer the horizon:(a) the less detailed the financial plan(b) the more detailed the financial plan(c) the more performance targets the financial plan will include(d) the less a financial plan is neededAnswer: (a)31. The “blueprints,” or the tangible outcomes of the financial planning process, are in the form of:(a) executive stock options(b) auditor’s recommendations(c) projected financial statements and budgets(d) tactical plans and budgetsAnswer: (c)32. Based on a consideration of the planning horizon, which of the following projects is most likely to consist of the most detailed financial plans?(a) a five-year financial plan(b) a one-year financial plan(c) a six-month financial plan(d) a one-month financial planAnswer: (d)33. Forecasting sales for the next year and assuming that most of the items on the income statement and balance sheet will maintain the same ratio to sales as in the previous year is called the_______________ method.(a) forecast ratio(b) percent-of-sales(c) planning horizon(d) financial predictorAnswer: (b)34. Using the percent-of-sales method, which of the following variables are typically assumed to increase proportionately with sales?(a) costs(b) EBIT(c) assets(d) all of the aboveAnswer: (d)35. Rupert’s Glassworks Ltd. has an inventory period of 50 days, a receivables period of 55 days, and a payables period of 40 days. Compute its cash cycle time.(a) 35 days(b) 45 days(c) 65 days(d) 105 daysAnswer: (c)Questions 36 through 45 refer to the following information:Income Statement data and Balance Sheet data is provided for the firm Neural Way Inc. for 19x7 and 19x8. Financial Statementsfor Neural Way Inc.19x719x8Income StatementSales$1,500,000$1,980,000Cost of Goods Sold$967,500$1,277,100Gross Margin$532,500$702,900Operating ExpensesAdvertising Expense$50,400$66,528Rent Expense$72,000$95,040Salesperson Commission Expense$48,000$63,360Utilities Expense$15,000$19,800EBIT$347,100$458,172Interest Expense$102,000$107,000Taxable Income$245,100$351,172Taxes (@35%)$85,785$122,910Net Income$159,315$228,262Dividends (40% payout)$63,726$91,305Change in Shareholders Equity$95,589$136,957Balance SheetAssetsCash and Equivalents$310,000$409,266Receivables$205,000$270,666Inventories$720,000$950,400Property, Plant and Equipment$1,956,000$2,571,306Total Assets$3,191,000$4,201,638LiabilitiesPayables$310,000$409,266Short Term Debt (10% interest)$510,000$1,088,535Long Term Debt (7% interest)$800,000$995,880Shareholders equityCommon Stock$1,150,000$1,150,000Retained earnings$421,000$557,957Total Liabilities and Equity$3,191,000$4,201,63836. From the financial data provided, which of the following items has maintained a fixed ratio to sales?(a) interest expense(b) net income(c) rent expense(d) taxes37.What is the ratio between sales and dividend payments in 19x8?(a) 3.22%(b) 4.25%(c) 4.61%(d) 6.09%Answer: (c)38.Calculate the rate of sales growth from 19x7 to 19x8.(a) 48%(b) 32%(c) 24.24%(d) 31.25%Answer: (b)39.What is the firm’s return on equity for 19x8?(a) 10.14%(b) 13.36%(c) 19.85%(d) 40.91%Answer: (b)40.What is the firm’s external financing funding requirement determined to be for 19x8?(a) $774,415(b) $873,681(c) $911,372(d) $972,947Answer: (a)41.If it is assumed that sales will grow by 17% for 19x9, then sales for 19x9 are forecast to be ________.(a) $1,755,000(b) $2,316,600(c) $2,613,600(d) $11,647,059Answer: (b)42.If sales growth is forecast to be 17% for 19x9, what is the forecast gross margin for 19x9?(a) $393, 822(b) $822,393(c) $873,300Answer: (b)43.How much additional funding will the firm need for 19x9?(a) $709,544(b) $639,979(c) $618,863(d) $549,288Answer: (d)44.In 19x7, taxable income is what proportion of sales?(a) 5.72%(b) 6.11%(c) 16.34%(d) 17.74%Answer: (c)45.In 19x8, common stock is what proportion of sales?(a) 28.18%(b) 58.08%(c) 76.67%(d) 86.26%Answer: (b)46.Which is the correct formula for calculating a firm’s sustainable growth rate?(a) sustainable growth rate = earnings retention rate x ROE(b) s ustainable growth rate = earnings retention rate x ROI(c) sustainable growth rate = (1 – dividend payout) x ROE x ROI(d) s ustainable growth rate = share repurchase rate x ROIAnswer: (a)47.Lucinda Inc. has the following fixed ratios:Asset Turnover = 0.6 Times per YearDebt/Equity Ratio = 1.5Dividend Payout Ratio = 0.53ROE = 25% per YearWhat is the sustainable growth rate for this firm?(a) 10%(b) 11.75%(c) 15%(d) 39.75%Answer: (b)48.Onegin Corporation has the following fixed ratios:Asset Turnover = 0.4 Times per YearDebt/Equity Ratio = 1.4Dividend Payout Ratio = 0.49ROE = 27% per YearWhat is the sustainable growth rate for this firm?(a) 13.77%(b) 14%(c) 16.2%(d) 18.25%Answer: (a)49. If a firm’s working capital need is permanent rather than seasonal, the firm ________.(a) will usually seek short-term financing for it(b) will not seek financing at all(c) will revise its strategic plan immediately(d) will usually seek long-term financing for itAnswer: (d)50. Which of the following is not part of a firm’s working capital?(a) inventories(b) accounts payable(c) plant and equipment(d) cashAnswer: (c)51. Working capital is defined to be ________.(a) the difference between current assets and current liabilities(b) the difference between accounts receivable and accounts payable(c) the difference between current assets and shareholders’ equity(d) the difference between total assets and total liabilitiesAnswer: (a)52. The cash cycle time begins with ________and ends with ________.(a) payment of cash to suppliers, liquidation of inventory(b) receipt of cash from customers, payment of cash to suppliers(c) payment of cash to suppliers, receipt of cash from customers(d) selling of purchase on credit, receipt of cash from customersAnswer: (c)53. Which of the following is the correct representation of the cash cycle time?(a) Cash cycle time = inventory period – payables period(b) Cash cycle time = inventory period – receivables period – payables period(c) Cash cycle time = receivables period – payables period(d) Cash cycle time = inventory period + receivables period – payables periodAnswer: (d)54. A firm’s required investment in working capital is ________ to the cash cycle length of time.(a) inversely proportional(b) directly related(c) indirectly related(d) not related at allAnswer: (b)Use the following data to answer Questions 55 - 59Prepare a multi-step income statement for Kangarucci Inc. (a retailer) for the year ending December 31, 1997. Use the information below:Interest Expense 18,799Beginning Inventory 422,550Depreciation 14,861General and Administrative Expenses 19,745Advertising 14,090Interest Income 5,087Ending Inventory 456,988Gross Sales 543,777Taxes 10,006Lease Payments 61,444Purchase of Materials 199,766Returns and Allowances 9,888R&D Expenditures 12,867Repairs and Maintenance 7,54255. The cost of goods sold is ________.(a)$34,438(b)$165,328(c)$199,766(d)234,204Answer: (b)56. The operating expenses for the period are ________.(a)$95,279(b)$110,140(c)$115,688(d)$130,549Answer: (d)57. The gross margin for the period is ________.(a)$353,700(b)$368,561(c)$378,449(d)$543,777Answer: (b)58. The operating income for the period is ________.(a)$238,012(b)$247,900(c)$273,282(d)$283,170Answer: (a)59. The net income is ________.(a)$214,294(b)$209,207(c)$204,120(d)$189,259Answer: (a)60. In the construction of a statement of cash flows, which of the following is considered a financing activity?(a)increase in accounts payable(b)repayment of long-term debt(c)reduction of accounts receivable(d)purchase of gross fixed assetsAnswer: (b)61. Assume you are given the following information for Flanders Company:Current Ratio: 2.5xQuick Ratio: 2.0xCurrent Liabilities: $200,000Current assets comprise cash, account receivables and inventory.Compute Inventory.(a)$500,000(b)$400,000(c)$100,000(d)$80,000Answer: (c)62. Assume you are given the following information for Flanders Company:Return on Assets (ROA): 11%Return on Equity (ROE): 20%Total Asset Turnover: 1.5xCalculate the ROS for Flanders Company.(a)7.33%(b)13.33%(c)13.64%(d)16.5%Answer: (a)Short Problems1.Explain why the market price of a company’s stock does not necessarily equal its book value.Answer:The book value does not include all of a firm’s assets and liabilities.The assets and liabilities included on a firm’s official balance sheet are (for the most part) valued at original acquisition cost less depreciation, rather than at current market values.2.Explain why it may be possible for two firms to have the same ROA.Answer: ROA = ROS x ATOFor example, a supermarket (low profit margin, high asset turnover) and a jewelry store (high profit margin, low asset turnover) – could have the same ROA.3.As a financial document, what purpose does the statement of cash flows serve? What is a benefit ofthe statement of cash flows?Answer: The statement of cash flows gives a summary of cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for a period of time. The statement of cash flows focuses attention on what is happening to the firm’s cash position over time and it also avoids judgements about revenue and expense recognition that go into the income statement. A benefit of the statement of cash flows is that it is not influenced by accrual accounting decisions.4.What are the three types of benchmarks?Answer:Financial ratios of other companies for the same period of time.Financial ratios of the company itself in previous time periods.Information extracted from financial markets such as asset prices or interest rates.5.You invest in a stock that costs $215.50. It pays a cash dividend during the year of $12.20 and you expect its price to be $229 at year’s end. What is the total shareholder return?Answer:Total Shareholder returns = Ending Price of a Share – Beginning Price of Share + Cash Dividend Beginning Price of Share= $229 - $215.50 + $12.20$215.50= 11.93%6.In 19X7, Slater Inc. had a net income of $30.3 million, assets of $560 million, and shareholders equity of $400 million. Calculate its return on equity.Answer: Return on equity = Net IncomeShareholders’ Equity= $30.3$400= 7.58%7.Grad Inc. has EBIT of $13 million, sales of $25 million, and average total assets of $50 million. Calculate its ROA.Answer: Return on assets = EBIT x SalesSales Assets= 13 x 252550= 26%8.If Profit Inc. has interest expenses of $16,000 per year, sales of $1,000,000, a tax rate of 40%, and a net profit margin of 7%, what is Success Inc.’s times interest earned ratio?Answer: EAT = Sales x Net Profit Margin= $1,000,000 x 0.07= $70,000EBT = EAT/(1-T)= $70,000/0.6= $116,667EBIT = EBT + I= $116,667 + $16,000= $132,667T.I.E = EBIT/ Interest Expense = $132,667/ $16,000= 8.29 times。

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库1TB(1)

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库1TB(1)

Chapter OneFinancial EconomicsThis chapter contains 48 multiple choice questions, 20 short problems and 5 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.The primary goal of corporate management is to ________ shareholder wealth.(a)minimize(b)maximize(c)leverage(d)mitigateAnswer: (b)2. A ________ stock market imposes ________ discipline on managers to take actions to maximize themarket value of the firm’s shares.(a)competitive, strong(b)dispersed, weak(c)mature, no(d)dispersed, strongAnswer: (a)3. The ________ form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.(a)corporate(b)sole proprietorship(c)partnership(d)householdAnswer: (a)4. ________ is anything that has economic value.(a)A partnership(b)An asset(c)A balance sheet(d)An income statementAnswer: (b)5. A household’s wealth or net worth is measured by the value of its ________ minus its ________.(a)liabilities; assets(b)assets; liabilities(c)stocks; bonds(d)bonds; liabilitiesAnswer: (b)6. The branch of finance dealing with financial decisions of firms is called ________ or ________.(a)investments; international finance(b)markets; institutions(c)business finance; institutions(d)business finance; corporate financeAnswer: (d)7. Bonds promise ________ cash payments, while stocks pay the ________ value left over after all other claimants have been paid.(a)variable; residual(b)residual; fixed(c)fixed; residual(d)fixed; variableAnswer: (c)8. The day-to-day financial affairs of the firm are usually referred to as ________.(a)working capital management(b)capital structure(c)capital budgeting(d)strategic planningAnswer: (a)9. A disadvantage of the sole proprietorship is the fact that the sole proprietor has ________.(a)limited liability for the debts of the firm(b)unlimited liability for the debts of the firm(c)expensive costs to establish the firm(d)limited authority over the day-to-day business decisions of the firmAnswer: (b)10. In the U.S. corporations with concentrated ownership are called ________ and corporations with broadly dispersed ownership are called ________.(a)private corporations; public corporations(b)public corporations; private corporations(c)public corporations; monopolies(d)private corporations; state owned corporationsAnswer: (a)11. Billy owns a house worth $350,000 and has a $55,000 bank account. Billy owes $270,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan and has a $12,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Billy’s net worth.(a)$135,000(b)$123,000(c)$497,000(d)$37,000Answer: (b)12. Marlowe owns a house worth $150,000, a car worth $25,000 and has an $18,000 bank account. Marlowe owes $135,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $18,000 on the car loan and has an $18,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Marlowe’s net worth.(a)$58,000(b)$123,000(c)$22,000(d)$37,000Answer: (c)13. An advantage of the corporate form of ownership is ________.(a)no liability(b)unlimited liability(c)limited liability(d)CEO liabilityAnswer: (c)14. In the corporate form, the separated structure creates the potential for ________ between owners and managers.(a)a conflict of interest(b)increased transactional costs(c)stability in relations(d)none of the aboveAnswer: (a)15. All of the following are reasons for having a separation of management and ownership of the firm except:(a)the “going concern” effect favors the separated structure(b)professional managers may be found who possess a superior ability to run the business(c)it prevents the possibility of a conflict of interest between the owners and management(d)it allows for savings in the cost of information gatheringAnswer: (c)16. ________ involves the evaluation of costs and benefits spread out over time, and it is largely a financial decision-making process.(a)Stock valuation(b)Bond valuation(c)Inventory costing(d)Strategic planningAnswer: (d)17. Shareholder wealth maximization depends on all of the following except:(a)production technology(b)market interest rates(c)risk aversion(d)market risk premiumsAnswer: (c)18. A problem with using the profit maximization criterion is ________.(a)deciding which period’s profit is to be maximized(b)the definition of “maximize profits” is ambiguous(c)the failure to consider risk(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)19. The existence of a well functioning stock market facilitates the efficient separation of the ownership and management of firms, since stock prices can be substituted for external information about ________.(a)the firm’s production technology(b)the wealth, preferences, and other investment opportunities of the owners(c)the historic costs of the firm’s infrastructure(d)the firm’s ability to meet its projected goalsAnswer: (b)20. One place to look for a statement of the goals of a corporation’s top managers is the ________.(a)balance sheet(b)income statement(c)annual report(d)bankruptcy filingAnswer: (c)21. In the absence of a stock market, managers would require information that is ________ to obtain.(a)costly if not impossible(b)costless(c)readily available(d)time-consuming but inexpensiveAnswer: (a)22. Management’s task is made much easier when it can observe the ________ of its own and other firms’ shares.(a)book prices(b)market prices(c)historical prices(d)security pricesAnswer: (b)23. ________ are entitled to a share of any of the distributions from the corporation such as cash dividends.(a)Sole proprietors(b)General partners(c)Professional managers(d)ShareholdersAnswer: (d)24. ________ is the founder of modern portfolio theory.(a)Harry Markowitz(b)Merton Miller(c)William Sharpe(d)Bill GatesAnswer: (a)25. In Germany, public corporations are identifiable by ________ after the company name, whereas private companies are denoted by ________.(a)PLC, Inc.(b)GmbH, AG(c)AG, GmbH(d)SpA, GmbHAnswer: (c)26. In the United Kingdom, public corporations are identifiable by ________ after the company name, whereas private companies are denoted by ________.(a)Inc, PLC(b)LTD, PLC(c)AG, GmbH(d)PLC, LTDAnswer: (d)27. Shareholders elect ________ who in turn select ________ to run the business.(a)a board of directors; a treasurer(b)a board of directors; managers(c)managers; a board of directors(d)a board of directors; accountantsAnswer: (b)28. In a competitive stock market, ________ offer(s) another important mechanism for aligning the incentives of managers with those of shareholders.(a)takeovers(b)increased taxes(c)liquidation(d)increased liabilityAnswer: (a)29. If a raider is interested in making a profit through the takeover of a prospective firm, the only expenses that need be incurred are ________.(a)the cost of identifying a mismanaged firm(b)the cost of acquiring the firm’s shares(c)physical capital(d)both (a) and (b)Answer: (d)30. The cost of identifying a mismanaged firm can be low if the raider is which of the following:(a)a supplier(b)a customer(c)a competitor(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)31. Takeover mechanisms can most effectively be reduced by ________.(a)directives from the board of directors(b)media intervention(c)government policies(d)public disapprovalAnswer: (c)32. The chief financial officer (CFO) of a corporation normally reports to the ________ of the company.(a)controller(b)treasurer(c)chief executive officer(d)chairman of the board of directorsAnswer: (c)33. All of the following departments typically report to the chief financial officer (CFO) except:(a)marketing(b)financial planning(c)treasury(d)controlAnswer: (a)34. The treasurer’s job includes managing all of the following except:(a)the firm’s exposure to currency and interest rate risks(b)the tax department(c)relations with the external investment community(d)the analysis of proposed mergers and acquisitionsAnswer: (d)35. The activities of the vice president for financial planning include all of the following except:(a)analyzing proposed mergers(b)analyzing proposed spin-offs(c)preparing internal reports comparing planned and actual costs(d)analyzing major capital expendituresAnswer: (c)36.Which of the following statements is most correct?(a)The shareholders of a corporation elect managers who in turn select a board of directors torun the business.(b)Partnerships do not pay corporate tax.(c) A disadvantage of the corporation is unlimited liability.(d)The government is powerless to discourage corporate takeovers.Answer: (b)37.For a typical firm, which of the following statements is most correct?(a)The CFO has three departments reporting to him: financial planning, treasury and control.(b)The treasurer oversees the accounting and auditing activities of the firm.(c)The controller has responsibility for managing the financing activities of the firm and forworking capital management.(d)The CEO is a senior vice president with responsibility for all the financial functions in thefirm.Answer: (a)38.Which of the following are financial decisions a firm has to make?(a)financing decisions(b)capital budgeting decisions(c)working capital decisions(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)39.The controller’s job includes responsibility for ________.(a)relations with the external investment community(b)preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors and regulatoryauthorities(c)analysis of proposed mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (b)40.The basic unit of analysis in capital budgeting is the ________.(a)financing project(b)investment project(c)strategic project(d)variable projectAnswer: (b)41.The steps involved in any capital budgeting process include:(a)evaluating projects(b)deciding which projects to undertake(c)identifying ideas for new investment projects(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)42.Preferred stock, bonds, and convertible securities are also known as ________.(a)nonmarketable claims(b)standardized securities(c)variable securities(d)covenantsAnswer: (b)43.The basic unit of analysis in capital structure decisions is the ________.(a)firm as a whole(b)investment project(c)firm’s personnel(d)financial systemAnswer: (a)44.Which one of the following correctly orders the steps involved in capital structure decisions?(a)determining a feasible financing plan; identifying new ideas for investment projects(b)determining the optimal financing mix; determining a feasible financing plan(c)identifying ideas for investment projects; determining the optimal financing mix(d)determining a feasible financing plan; determining the optimal financing mixAnswer: (d)45.Which of the following is not a financial function of a corporation?(a)investor relations(b)tax administration(c)provision of capital(d)regulatory legislationAnswer: (d)46.Which of the following functions may be categorized as administration of funds?(a)custodial responsibilities(b)tax administration(c)internal auditing(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)47.Investor relations includes:(a)government reporting(b)establishment and maintenance of communications with company stockholders(c)relations with taxing agencies(d)consultation with and advice to other corporate executivesAnswer: (b)48.Oscar owns a boat worth $2 million, a house worth $lion and has $900,000 in a bank account.Oscar owes $1.1 million to the bank on the boat loan, $2 million on the home loan and has $20,000 credit card debt. Calculate Oscar’s net worth.(a)$3.12 million(b)$5.28 million(c)$7.28 million(d)$8.4 millionAnswer: (b)Short Problems1.Give a brief definition of the financial system.Answer: A financial system is defined as the set of markets and other institutions used for financial contracting and the exchange of assets and risks.2.List the markets that the financial system likely includes.Answer: A financial system includes the markets for stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, financial intermediaries, financial service firms and the regulatory bodies that govern all of these institutions.3.Briefly describe the distinction between physical capital and financial capital.Answer: Physical capital includes items such as buildings, machinery and other intermediate products used in the production process. Financial capital, however, includes stocks, bonds and loans used to finance the acquisition of physical capital.4. Give a brief description of the wide range of financial instruments and claims a firm can issue. Answer: These include common stock, preferred stock, bonds and convertible securities (standardized securities that can be traded in organized markets). Financial instruments and claims can also include nonmarketable claims such as bank loans, employee stock options, leases and pension liabilities.5.Siggy owns a house worth $200,000, a car worth $25,000 and has an $18,000 bank account. He alsohas furniture worth $4,000 and jewelry worth $10,000. However, Siggy owes $145,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $17,000 on the car loan, $40,000 on student loans and has an $16,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Siggy’s net worth.Answer: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities= ($200,000 + $25,000 + $18,000 + $4,000 + $10,000) –($145,000 + $17,000 + $40,000 + $16,000)= $39,0006.Briefly list the problems associated with profit maximization as the chief goal of corporate managers. Answer: The profit-maximization criterion has two problems associated with it. The first is that it is difficult to determine which period’s profit is to be maximized if the production process requires many periods. Secondly, if either future revenues or expenses are uncertain, then what exactly is the meaning of “maximize profits” if profits are described by a probability distribution?7.Kecia owns a house worth $220,000, a car worth $20,000 and has a $13,000 bank account. She alsohas furniture worth $8,000. However, Kecia owes $165,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $17,000 on the car loan, $50,000 on student loans and has an $18,000 credit card debt outstanding.Calculate Kecia's net worth.Answer: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities= ($220,000 + $20,000 + $13,000 + $8,000) –($165,000 + $17,000 + $50,000 + $18,000)= $261,000 - $250,000= $11,0008.Give an example of a potential conflict of interest that can arise between owners and managers of afirm.Answer: Managers being concerned with their own personal welfare may lead to concern about job security in the long run. This concern about long run survival may cause managers to limit the risk incurred by the firm and make other decisions not with the objective of shareholder wealth maximization.9.What use does the existence of a stock market serve to the manager of a firm?Answer: Observing its own and other firms’ market price of shares helps it make decisions about maximizing the firm’s value to its shareholders. If there was not a stock market, then managers would be required to obtain information that is costly, if not impossible, to obtain. This includes the wealth, preferences and other investment opportunities of the owners.10.Outline the role of the takeover in aligning the incentives of managers with those of shareholders. Answer: The threat of a takeover provides a strong incentive for current managers to act in the interests of the firm’s current shareholders by maximizing market value. If managers fail to maximize the market value of the firm’s shares, the firm will be vulnerable to a takeover in which the managers may lose their jobs.11.Outline the role of the chief financial officer (CFO) in a corporation.Answer: The CFO is a senior vice president with responsibility for all the financial functions in the firm and reports directly to the CEO. Three departments report to the CFO: financial planning, treasury, and control.12.Discuss the role of the treasurer in a corporation.Answer: The treasurer has responsibility for managing the financing activities of the firm and for working capital management. The treasurer is responsible for managing relations with the external investor community, managing the firm’s exposure to currency and interest rate risks, and managing the tax department.13. Discuss the tasks performed by the controller of a corporation.Answer: The controller oversees the accounting and auditing tasks of the firm. The controller is responsible for the preparation of internal reports comparing planned and actual costs, revenues, and profits from the corporation’s various business units. The controller will also be involved with preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors and regulatory authorities.14. Discuss why voting rights for shareholders are not adequate to compel managers to act in the bestinterests of the shareholders.Answer: Because a major benefit of the separated structure is that the owners can remain relatively uninformed about the operations of the firm, it is not apparent how these owners could know whether their firm is being mismanaged. The value of voting rights is further cast into doubt if ownership of the firm is widely dispersed. If that is the situation, then the holdings of any single owner are likely to be so small that he or she would not incur the expense to become informed and to convey this information to the other owners.15.Is it possible for government to reduce the effectiveness of the takeover mechanism?Answer: Yes. It is possible for government policy to prevent the formation of monopolies in various product markets – as in the case of the United States Department of Justice, which can take legal action under the antitrust laws to prevent mergers and acquisitions that might reduce competition.16.In terms of the financial functions of a corporation, what responsibilities do administration of fundsentail?Answer: Management of cash; maintenance of banking arrangements; receipt, custody and disbursementof the company’s monies and securities; credit and collection management; management of pensionfunds; management of investments and custodial responsibilities.17.Discuss the liability a partnership faces.Answer: Unless otherwise specified, all partners have unlimited liability as in the sole proprietorship.However, it is possible to limit the liability for some partners called “limited partners”. At least one ofthe partners, called the general partner, has unlimited liability for the debts of the firm.18.Describe the advantages of the corporate form of business organization.Answer: The corporate form of ownership has the advantage that ownership shares can usually betransferred without disrupting the business. Limited liability is also another advantage of the corporateform. In this case, if the corporation fails to pay its debts, the creditors can seize the assets of thecorporation but have no recourse to the personal assets of the shareholders.19.Briefly outline the process of capital budgeting.Answer: The process of capital budgeting includes identifying ideas for new investment projects,evaluating them, deciding which ones to undertake, and then implementing them.20.Briefly discuss the process of working capital management.Answer: Working capital management refers to the day-to-day financial affairs of the business, such aswhether to extend credit to customers or demand cash on delivery or managing cash flow.Longer Problems1.Describe the four basic types of financial decisions faced by householders.Answer: Investment decisions – whether to invest in stocks or bondsConsumption/Savings Decisions – how much to save for one’s retirement or a child’s educationRisk management decisions – whether to buy disability insuranceFinancing decisions – what type of loan to adopt in order to finance the purchase of a homeorcar.2.Give a brief description of each of the four main areas of financial decision-making in a business.Answer: Strategic Planning: Evaluating the costs and benefits associated with the firm’sbusiness line, which may change over time.Capital Budgeting: Identifying ideas for new investment projects, evaluating them,deciding which ones to undertake, and then implementing them.Capital Structure: The initial step is deciding upon a feasible financing plan for the firm.The next decision involves the optimal debt/equity mix to use.Working Capital Management: The day-to-day affairs of the business. This includespaying bills as they come due, collecting from customers, managing the firm’s cashflows to ensure that operating cash flows deficits are financed and that cash flowsurpluses are efficiently invested to earn a good return.3.Explain the five basic reasons for separating the management from the ownership of an enterprise.Answer:•Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.•To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.•In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms.•The separated structure allows for savings in the costs of information gathering.•There is a “learning curve” or “going concern” effect, which favors to separated structure.4.Discuss the types of decisions that firms must make.Answer: Capital budgeting decisions – whether to build a new plant or produce a new product.Financing decisions – how much equity and how much debt a firm should adopt in its capital structure.Working Capital decisions – whether credit should be extended to a customer or cashdemanded on delivery.5.Outline the roles of the three departments that report to the Chief Financial Officer.Answer: Treasury: This department is responsible for managing the financing activitiesof the firm and for working capital management. This includes managing relations with theexternal investment community, managing the firm’s exposure to currency and interest raterisks, and managing the tax department.Financial Planning: This department is responsible for analyzing major capitalexpenditures such as proposals to enter new lines of business or to exit existing businesses.This includes analyzing proposed mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs.Controller: This department oversees the accounting and auditing activities of the firm.Activities include preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors andregulatory authorities, as well as the preparation of internal reports comparing planned andactual costs, revenues, and profits from the corporation’s various business units.。

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库5TB(1)

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库5TB(1)

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库5TB(1)Chapter FiveHousehold Savings and Investment DecisionsThis chapter contains 28 multiple choice questions, 10 short problems, and 9 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.Getting a professional degree can be evaluated as ________.a) a social security decisionb)an investment in human capitalc)an investment in a consumer durabled) a tax exempt decisionAnswer: (b)2.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and invest $10,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (c)3.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and have $10,000 to invest. If you invest this in an ordinary savings plan instead of a tax deferred retirement plan, what amount will you have accumulated at retirement?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (a)4.When your tax rate remains unchanged, the benefit of tax deferral can be summarized in therule, “deferral earns you ________.”a)the after-tax rate of return before taxb)the pretax rate of return after taxc)the after-tax rate of return after taxd)the pretax rate of return before taxAnswer: (b)5.From an economic perspective, professional training should be undertaken if the ________exceeds the ________.a)future value of the benefit; present value of the costsb)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsc)future value of the benefits; future value of the costsd)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsAnswer: (d)6.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%.You are 35 years before your retirement date and $2,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$7,532b)$10,760c)$12,298d)$15,372Answer: (b)7.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s human capital?a)$31,797b)$35,196c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (c)8.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s permanent income?a)$31,797b)$35,196c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (b)9.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’s human capital?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,198Answer: (b)10.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’spermanent income?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,198Answer: (d)11.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year, and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. If the real after-taxrate is 2.52%, should you rent or buy?a)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $476,190b)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $309,524c)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $442,198d)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $371,429Answer: (d)12.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 2.52%. What is the break-even rent?a)$6,048b)$9,360c)$10,128d)$12,302Answer: (b)13.As one gets older, the ________ declines, so ________ falls steadily until it reaches zero atage 65.a)future value of remaining labor income; human capitalb)future value of remaining labor income; initial wealthc)present value of remaining labor income; human capitald)present value of initial wealth; optimizationAnswer: (c)14.Any lifetime consumption spending plan that satisfies your budget constraint is:a)an optimal modelb) a feasible planc) a model benefitd) a target replacementAnswer: (b)15.There is an advantage to tax deferred retirement savings plans for those ________ when themoney is withdrawn.a)who will be in a lower tax bracketb)who will be in the same tax bracketc)both (a) and (b)d)neither (a) nor (b)Answer: (c)16.In the United States, individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are called ________ rather than________ because any amounts withdrawn from the plan are taxed at the time of withdrawal.a)tax advantaged; tax deferredb)tax deferred; tax exemptc)tax advantaged; tax loopholesd)tax exempt; tax deferredAnswer: (b)17.The present value of one’s future labor income is called ________ and the constant level ofconsumption spending that has a present value equal to one’s huma n capital is called________.a)human income; taxable incomeb)human capital; permanent incomec)permanent capital; taxable incomed)permanent income; human capitalAnswer: (b)18.The ________ the interest rate, the ________ the value of human capital, but the higher thelevel of permanent income.a)lower; lowerb)higher; lowerc)higher; higherd)lower; higherAnswer: (b)19.The ________ states that the present value of one’s lifetime consumption spending andbequests equals the present value of one’s initi al wealth and future labor income.a)consumption budget constraintb)spending constraintc)intertemporal budget constraintd)income and spending constraintAnswer: (c)20.According to the text, many experts recommend that in making a savings plan one should aimfor a replacement rate of ________ of pre-retirement income.a)100%b)25%c)50%d)75%Answer: (d)21.Economic costs that are said to be explicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)foregone rentc)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)22.Economic costs that are said to be implicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)administrative fees while undertaking a professional degreec)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (c)23.In making lifetime saving/consumption decisions it is considered simpler to do the analysis________.a)in nominal termsb)in inflationary termsc)in perpetual termsd)in real termsAnswer: (d)24.In terms of a lifetime saving/consumption decision such as buying or renting an apartment ora consumer durable, the alternative you should choose is ________.a)the one with the lower present value of benefitsb)the one with the lower present value of costsc)the one with the higher present value of costsd)the one with the lower present value of benefits and the higher present costsAnswer: (b)25.Among the approaches you can use for saving for yourretirement is/are ________.a)aiming to maintain the same level of consumption spending before and afterretirementb)aiming for a target replacement rate of incomec)bypassing graduate school and continuing to consume at the same leveld)(a) and (b)Answer: (d)26.In the equation known as the intertemporal budget constraint, ________.a)the present value of lifetime consumption spending equals the present value ofbequestsb)the present value of lifetime consumption spending and bequests equals the presentvalue of lifetime resourcesc)the present value of lifetime consumption spending equals the future value of laborincomed)the future value of lifetime consumption spending equals the present value of laborincomeAnswer: (b)27.Salman is currently twenty-five years old and plans to live to age eighty. His labor income is$75,000 per year and he plans to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Salman plans to retire at age 60. Assume the real interest rate is 5% per year and there are no taxes and no growth in real labor income.What is the value ofSalman’s permanent income?a)$75,000b)$65,906c)$85,348d)$1,228,064Answer: (b)28.You are currently renting a house for $25,800 a year and you have an option to buy it for$350,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $6,150 per year and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($4,150 of the $6,150) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. The real after-tax rate is 3.5%. What is the break-even rent?a)$16,770.00b)$16,947.50c)$21,102.46d)$24,927.54Answer: (b)Short Problems1.You are currently renting a house for $17,000 a year and you also have an option to buy it for$300,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $5,040 per year and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($3,360 of the $5,040) are deductible for income tax purposes.Your tax rate is 40%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 3.1% per year. Should you rent or buy? What is the break-even rent?Answer:After-tax outflow for property taxes each year is 0.6 x $3,360 = $2,016Cash outflow in year t = $1,680 + $2,016= $3,696PV cost of owning = $300,000 + $3,696/i= $300,000 + $3696/0.031= $419,226PV cost of renting = $17,000/i= $17,000/0.031= $548,387You would be better off buying the house.Break-even rent: X/0.031 = $300,000 +$3,696/0.031X = $12,996The break-even rent is $12,996.So if the rent is less than $12,996 per year, you would prefer to keep renting.2.You are currently renting a house for $16,000 a year and you also have an option to buy it for$250,000. Property taxes and maintenance care is $5,000 per year, and these costs areincluded in your rent. Property taxes ($3,200 of the $5,000) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 40%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real before-tax discount rate is 3.5% per year. Should you rent or buy? What is the break-even rate?Answer:Real after-tax rate = 0.6 x 0.035= 0.021After-tax cash outflow for property taxes each year is 0.6 x $3,200 = $1,920Cash outflow for year t = $1,800 + $1,920= $3,720PV cost of owning = $250,000 + $3,720/i= $250,000 + $3,720/0.021= $427,143PV cost of renting = $16,000/i= $16,000/0.021= $761,905You would be better off buying the house.To find the break-even rent:X/0.021 = $250,000 + $3,720/0.021X = $8,970So if the rent is less than $8,970 per year, you would be better off renting.3.Kieran is currently twenty-five years old, plans to retire at age sixty, and to live to age eighty.His labor income is $45,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 3%, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kieran’s human capital?What is th e value of Kieran’s permanent income?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result35 3 ? 0 45,000 PV = $966,925n i PV FV PMT Result55 3 $966,925 0 ? PMT = $36,114The value of Kieran’s human capital is $966,925.The value of Kieran’s permanent income is $36,114.4.Mariana is currently thirty years old, plans to retire at ageseventy and to live to age ninety.Her labor income is $60,000 per year, and she intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next sixty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Mariana’s human capital?What is the value of Mariana’s permanent income?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result40 4 ? 0 60,000 PV = $1,187,566n I PV FV PMT Result60 4 $1,187,566 0 ? PMT = $52,493The value of Mariana’s human capital is $1,187,566.The value of Mariana’s permanent income is $52,493.5.Your employer, Novocastrian Films, has agreed to make 60 quarterly payments of $1,000each into a trust account to fund your early retirement. The first payment will be made 3months from now. At the end of 15 years (60 payments), you will be paid 15 equal annual payments, with the first receipt to be made at the beginning of Year 16 (or the end of Year15). The funds will be invested at a nominal rate of 10.0%, quarterly compounding, duringboth the accumulation and the distribution periods. How large will each of your 15 receipts be?Answer:First determine the effective annual rate:EFF = (1 + 0.10/4)4 –1= 10.38%Next, determine amount at end of year 15N I PMT Result_____________15 10.38 $4000 FV = $130,983.39At the end of year 15, there will be $130,983.39 in your retirement account.Since you will be making withdrawals at the beginning of each year, PV = $130,983/(1 +i), or $118,625.10.N I PV Result___________15 10.38 -$118,625.10 PMT = $15,935.89Each of the receipts will be $15,935.896.Mr. Palin has received a job offer from a large investment bank as an assistant to the vicepresident and Mr. Palin’s base salary will be $90,000. In addition, he will receive his first annual salary payment one year from the day he begins work. He will also get an immediate $45,000 bonus for joining the company and his salary will grow at 8 percent each year. Mr.Palin is expected to work for 20 years. What is the present value of the offer if the appropriate discount rate is 11 percent?Answer:Simplest approach is to set up a spreadsheet like:Year PMT PV@11%0 45,000 45,0001 90,000 81,081.082 97,200 78,889.70. . .. . .. . .19 359,641.75 49,514.6320 388,413.10 $48,176.39Total: $1,310,649.82The present value of the offer is $1,310,649.827.Natalia will face a tax rate of 25% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 9%. She is35 years from her retirement date and invests $5,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If shechooses to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will she be left with after paying taxes?Answer:$5,000 x 1.0935 = $102,069After taxes this leaves $102,069 x 0.75 = $76,5528.Damian is currently twenty-five years old and plans to live to age eighty. His labor income is$80,000 per year, and he plans to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Damian plans to retire at age 60. Assume the real interest rate is 5% per year and there are no taxes and no growth in real labor income. What is the value ofDamian’s human capital? What is the value of Damian’s permanent income?Answer:N I PV FV PMTResult_________35 5 ? 0 $80,000 PV =$1,309,936N I PV FV PMT Result________55 5 $1,309,936 0 ? PMT = $70,300Damian’s human capital is $1,309,936.Damian’s permanent income is $70,300.9.You are currently renting a house for $25,800 a year andyou have an option to buy it for$350,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $6,150 per year, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($4,150 of the $6,150) are deductible for tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. The real after tax rate is 3.5%. What is the NPV of the investment in the house?Answer:After-tax outflow for property taxes each year is 0.65 x $4,150 = $2,697.50Cash outflow in year t = $2,697.50 + $2,000= $4,697.50PV cost of owning = $350,000 + $4,697/0.035= $350,000 + $134,214= $484,214PV cost of renting = $25,800/0.035= $737,143So the NPV of investing in the house instead of renting is $737,143 – $484,214 = $252,929.10.Carson will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%. He is32 years from his retirement date and invests $3,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If hechooses to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will he be left with after paying taxes? Show how to find the answer using the rule, “Deferral earns you the pretax rate of return after tax.”Answer:If Carson paid the initial tax he would have $3,000 x 0.7 = $2,100 to invest.Investing $2,100 at the pretax rate of 6% would result in$2,100 x 1.0632 = $13,552Longer Problems1.Tamara is currently twenty-eight years old, plans to retire at age seventy and to live to ageninety. Her labor income is $50,000 per year, and she intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next sixty-two years. Assume no taxes, no growth in real labor income and a real interest rate of 4% per year.(a)What is the value of Tamara’s human capital?(b)What is the value of Tamara’s permanent income?Answer:(a) N I PV FV PMT Result42 4 ? 0 $50,000 PV =$1,009,281(b) N I PV FV PMT Result62 4 $1,009,281 0 ? PMT =$44,261The value of Tamara’s human capital is $1,009,281The value of Tamara’s permanent income is $44,2612.You have just turned twenty-eight years of age and feel it is necessary to upgrade yourqualifications. After some consideration, you feel that undertaking full-time study for an MBA degree is one alternative. For the two years of full-time study, tuition and living expenses will be $25,000 per year. In addition, you will have to give up your current job witha salary of $35,000 per year. Assume all cash flows occur at the end of the year. Assume areal interest rate of 4% per year, ignoring taxes. Also assume that the salary increase is at a constant real amount that startsafter you complete your degree (at the end of the year following graduation) and lasts until retirement at age sixty-five. In order to justify theinvestment, by how much does your salary have to increase as a result of getting the MBA degree?Answer:Find the FV of tuition and foregone salary at the end of two years:N i PV FV PMT Result________2 4 0 ? 60,000 FV = $122,400Find the increase in salary that has this amount as its PV:n i PV FV PMT Result_______35 4 $122,400 0 ? PMT = $6,5583.At the age of thirty Terry was earning $30,000 and decided to undertake an MBA to increasehis earning potential. Two years later Terry has his degree and has achieved a constant real increase of $5,898 in his annual salary that will last until he retires at age sixty. If Terry lives to the age of ninety, what will be the value of his human capital and permanent income?Assume a real interest rate of 2.52% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income.Answer:New base salary = $30,000 + $5,898 = $35,898n i PV FV PMT Result________28 2.52 ? 0 $35,898 PV = $714,899n i PV FV PMT Result________58 2.52 $714,899 0 ? PMT = $23,584The value of Terry’s human capital is $714,899.The value of Terry’s permanent income is $23,584.4.Juliet currently rents an apartment but has the option to buy it for $185,000. Property taxesare $2,000 per year and are deductible for income tax purposes. Annual maintenance costs are $1,800 per year, but are not tax deductible. Juliet expects that the above taxes will increase at the rate of inflation. Her income tax rate is 35%, and she can earn a before-tax real interest rate of 5% per year. If Juliet buys the apartment she plans to keep it forever. What is the “break-even” annual rent such that Juliet would buy the apartment if the rent exceeded this amount?Answer:Real after-tax rate = 0.65 x 0.05= 0.0325 (or 3.25%)After-tax annual outflow for property taxes each year is 0.65 x $2,000 = $1,300Break-even rent: X/0.035 = $185,000 + $3,100/0.0325X = 0.035($185,000) + $3,100X = $6,012.50 + $3,100X = $9,112.50So the break-even rent is $9,112.50.5.Anton’s retirement goal is to set aside an a mount of money each year into a savings accountuntil he retires so that he can withdraw $80,000 each year during his retirement. He expects to retire in thirty years and expects to live for twenty years following his retirement. Anton expects to be able to earn 9 percent per year on his account balance. Calculate the deposit Anton must make for Plan 1 and the amount of the deposit Anton must make for Plan 2.Plan 1: Anton's first deposit will be one year from today and his last deposit will betwenty-nine years from today. He intends to make his first withdrawal thirty years from today.Plan 2: Anton's first deposit will be today and his last deposit will be thirty years fromtoday. He intends to make his first withdrawal thirty one years from today.Answer:Plan 1N I PMT Result__________20 9 $80,000 PV = $730,283.65N I FV Result__________29 9 $730,283.65 PMT = $5,882.96Under Plan 1, Anton must deposit $5, 882.96Plan 2N I PMT Result__________20 9 $80,000 PV = $730,283.65(set to Begin mode)N I FV Result_______31 9 $730,283.65 PMT = $4,479Under Plan 2, Anton must deposit $4,479.6.Your 68 year old mother plans to retire in 2 years, and she expects to live independently for 3years. She wants a retirement income that has, in the first year, the same purchasing power as $60,000 has today. However, her retirement income will be of a fixed amount, so her real income will decline over time. Her retirement income will start the day she retires (2 years from today), and she will receive a total of 3 retirement payments. Inflation is expected to be constant at 6%. Your mother has $100,000 in savings now, and she can earn 9% on savings now and in the future. How muchmust she save each year, starting today, to meet herretirement goals?Answer:First of all, your mother needs the following payments at age 70-72:Age 70: $67,416Age 71: $71,460.96Age 72: $75,748.62At age 68, the PV of these cash flows = $165,585.90Your mother has already set aside $100,000So to calculate what she has to save:Set calculator to Begin modePV N I/Y Result$65,585.90 2 9 PMT = $34,205.097. A relative of yours has just turned 45 years old and plans on retiring in 15 years on her 60thbirthday. She is saving money today for her retirement and is establishing a retirementaccount with your office. She would like to withdraw money from her retirement account on her birthday each year until she dies. She would ideally like to withdraw $60,000 on her 60th birthday, and increase her withdrawals 10% a year through her 69th birthday (i.e., she would like to withdraw $141,476.86 on her 69th birthday). She plans to die on her 70th birthday, at which time she would like to leave $400,000 to her descendants. Your relative currently has $100,000. You estimate that the money in the retirement account will earn 11% a year over the next 25 years. Calculate how much your relative should deposit each year (at the end of each year).Answer:Between ages 60-70, cash flows look like:Year CF Get the PV of these withdrawals.6060,0006166,006272,600. .. .. .69141,476.9070400,000At age 60, PV = $717,124.72At age 45, PV = $149,882.18Relative already has $100,000Solve:N I PV Result_________15 11 $49,882.18 PMT = $6,936.888.Consider the following retirement plan. Today is January 1 and your employer will make a$100 contribution to your retirement plan at the end of January and this amount will increase by $100 each month through December 31. Thus in February you get $200 and then up to a $1,200 contribution on December 31. Thus at the end of each January, you will alwaysreceive $100 and the end of each December you will always receive $1,200. The employer will continue this contribution pattern for the next 25 years. You expect to receive a 12% quoted yield, compounded monthly, on your investments. How much money will be in your account when you retire?Answer:Determine what the monthly deposits are worth on annualbasis:CF0 = 0, CF1 = 100, …, CF12 = $1,200NPV = $7,182.38 at start of each year.Determine EFF = 12.68%Set calculator to Begin mode:N I PMT Result_____________25 12.68 $7,182.38 F = $1,198,487。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策一、概念题1.人力资本(human capital)答:人力资本是指劳动者受到教育、培训、实践经验、迁移、保健等方面的投资而获得的知识和技能的积累,亦称“非物力资本”。

由于这种知识与技能可以为其所有者带来工资等收益,因而形成了一种特定的资本——人力资本。

任何使人力资本增值的活动都是人力资本投资,包括医疗和保健、在职人员培训、正规教育、成人教育与培训、迁移者工作搜寻等等。

人力资本投资的决策是一种收益与成本的权衡,其成本包括:实际的费用或直接的费用、放弃的工资报酬以及心理成本。

投资的预期收益可能是以各种形式表现出来的,比如较高的未来收入、终身工作满意程度的提高、对娱乐活动欣赏水平的提高以及欣赏兴趣的增长等。

2.永久性收入(permanent income)答:永久性收入是指消费者可以预期到的长期收入,即预期在较长时期中(3年以上)可以维持的稳定的收入流量。

永久性收入是弗里德曼持久收入假说中的重要概念,大致可以根据所观察到的若干年收入的数值的加权平均数来计算,估算持久收入的计算公式为:YP T=Y T-1+θ(Y T-Y T-1)=θY T-(1-θ)Y T-1(0<θ<1)式中,YP T为现期永久性收入,Y T为现期收入,Y T-1为前期收入,θ为加权数。

该公式说明,现期的永久性收入等于前期收入和两个时期收入变动的一定比率,或者说等于现期收入和前期收入的加权平均数。

加权数的大小取决于人们对未来收入的预期,这种预期要根据过去的经验进行修改,称为适应性预期。

如果人们认为前期和后期收入变动的时间较长,θ就大;反之,前期和后期收入变动的时间较短,θ就小。

3.跨期预算约束(inter-temporal budget constraint)答:跨期预算约束是指决定一生消费计划时面临的约束条件,即一生的消费开支和遗产的现值等于包括初始财产和未来劳动收入在内的一生资源的现值。

2021年兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库TB

2021年兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库TB

Chapter SevenPrinciples of Market ValuationThis chapter contains 30 multiple choice questions,10 short problems and 5 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.In regard to an asset,the ________ is defined as the process well-informed investors mustpay for it in a free and competitive market.(a)analyst value(b)technical value(c)competitive value(d)fundamental valueAnswer:(d)2.In corporate finance decision making,an extremely important rule is to choose theinvestment that ________ current shareholders’ wealth.(a)minimizes(b)maximizes(c)provides zero change in(d)jeopardizesAnswer:(b)3.In asset valuation,the method used to accomplish the estimation depends on the ________.(a)number of participants(b)quality of calculating instruments(c)richness of the information set available(d)geographic locationAnswer:(c)4.The ________ states that in a competitive market,if two assets are equivalent,they willtend to have the same market price.(a)Law of Real Interest Rates(b)Law of One Price(c)Law of Price Equivalency(d)Law of FuturesAnswer:(b)5.The Law of One Price is enforced by a process called ________,the purchase andimmediate sale of equivalent assets in order to earn a sure profit from a difference in their prices.(a)swapping(b)maximization(c)arbitrage(d)speculationAnswer:(c)6.________ refers to the totality of costs such as shipping,handling,insuring,and brokerfees.(a)Shipping costs(b)Transaction costs(c)Installation costs(d)Insurance costsAnswer:(b)7.The Law of One price is a statement about the price of one asset ________ the price ofanother.(a)absolute to(b)relative to(c)multiplied by(d)independent ofAnswer:(b)8.If an entity borrows at a lower rate and lends at a higher rate,this is an example of________.(a)opportunity arbitrage(b)interest-rate arbitrage(c)exchange arbitrage(d)nominal arbitrageAnswer: (b)9.If arbitrage ensures that any three currencies are freely convertible in competitivemarkets,then:(a)it is enough to know only one exchange rate to determine the third(b)we can estimate two exchange rates based on one exchange rate only(c)it is enough to know the exchange rates between any two in order to determine thethird(d)it is necessary to know all three ratesAnswer:(c)10.Suppose you have $15,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 4% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $6,000 on which you are paying an interest rate of 17% per year. What arbitrage opportunity do you face?(a)$240 per year(b)$600 per year(c)$780 per year(d)$1,020 per yearAnswer:(c)11.If the dollar price of Japanese Yen is $0.009594 per Japanese Yen and the dollar price ofChinese Yuan is $0.1433 per Chinese Yuan,what is the Japanese Yen price of a Chinese Yuan?(i.e.,JPY/CNY)(a)0.001375 JPY/CNY(b)0.066950 JPY/CNY(c)9.594 JPY/CNY(d)14.936419 JPY/CNYAnswer:(d)12.If the dollar price of guilders is $0.5634 per Guilder and the dollar price of Euros is $1.5576per Euro,what is the Euro price of the Guilder?(i.e.,EUR/ANG)(a)0.361700 EUR/ANG(b)0.877552 EUR/ANG(c)2.764643 EUR/ANG(d)5.634 EUR/ANGAnswer:(d)13.Suppose the price of gold is 51.09 British pounds per ounce. If the dollar price of gold is$100 per ounce,what would you expect the dollar price of a British pound to be?(a)$1.95733 per GBP(b)$1.5109 per GBP(c)$0.5109 per GBP(d)$0.4891 per GBPAnswer:(a)Questions 14-18 refer to the following exchange rate table. To answer 14-18 you will have to fill in the missing exchange rates.14.What is the Euro/Peso exchange rate?(i.e.,EUR/MXN)(a)0.617426EUR/MXN(b)0.641807 EUR/MXN(c)6.675516 EUR/MXN(d)16.196262 EUR/MXN Answer:(a)15.What is the Cdn Dlr/Euro exchange rate?(i.e.,CAD/EUR)(a)0.641807 CAD/EUR(b)1.558099 CAD/EUR(c)6.420 CAD/EUR(d)16.196262 CAD/EURAnswer:(b)16.What is the Euro/Cdn Dlr exchange rate?(i.e.,EUR/CAD)(a)0.3583 EUR/CAD(b)0.641807 EUR/CAD(c)1.558099 EUR/CAD(d)10.394 EUR/CADAnswer:(b)17.What is the Peso/Cdn Dlr exchange rate?(i.e.,MXN/CAD)(a)0.096201 MXN/CAD(b)0.641807 MXN/CAD(c)10.394882 MXN/CAD(d)16.196262 MXN/CADAnswer:(c)18.What is the Peso/Euro exchange rate?(i.e.,MXN/EUR)(a)0.617426 MXN/EUR(b)6.675516 MXN/EUR(c)15.581112 MXN/EUR(d)16.196262 MXN/EUR Answer:(d)19.You are travelling in FarOut where you can buy 130 kranes (a krane being the unit ofcurrency of FarOut) with a U.S. dollar at official FarOut banks. Your tour guide has a relative who dabbles in the black market and this particular relative will sell you kranes for just$0.00833 each on the black market. How much will you lose or gain by exchanging $200 on the black market instead of going to the bank?(a)you would gain approximately 1,660 kranes(b)you would lose approximately 1,660 kranes(c)you would gain approximately 1,990 kranes(d)you would lose approximately 1,990 kranesAnswer:(d)20.In estimating the value of a share of a firm’s stock,a simple model is to :(a)divide EPS by a P/E multiple(b)multiply EPS by a P/E multiple(c)multiply EPS by EAT(d)divide EPS by market valueAnswer:(b)21.A firm’s earnings per share are $6 and the industry average P/E multiple is 9. What wouldbe an estimate of the value of a share of the firm’s stock?(a)$54.00(b)$45.00(c)$1.50(d)$0.67Answer:(a)22.The value of the asset as it appears in the financial statement is called the asset’s ________.(a)market value(b)fixed value(c)book value(d)expected valueAnswer:(c)23.Consider the following stock market reaction to the information contained in a company’sannouncement. A corporation has just announced that it must pursue the issuance of company equity. We could expect to see ________ in the price of company stock.(a)a rise(b)a drop(c)a rapid rise(d)zero changeAnswer:(b)24.Consider what the stock market reaction to the following announcement would be. Acorporation has just announced that it is engaging in a stock split of the company’s shares.We could expect to see a ________ in the overall market capitalization rate and a ________ in the price of company stock.(a)rise;drop(b)drop;rise(c)rise;drop(d)rise;dropAnswer:(a)25.The ________ is the proposition that an asset’s current price fully reflects all publiclyavailable information about future economic fundamentals affecting the asset’s value.(a)public markets hypothesis(b)efficient markets exchange rates(c)fundamental value proposition(d)efficient markets hypothesisAnswer:(d)26.The market price of an asset reflects the ________ of all analysts’ opinions with heavierweights on analysts who control large amounts of money and on those analysts who have better than average information.(a)best estimate(b)weighted average(c)highest estimate(d)lowest estimateAnswer:(b)27.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. Inflation in Denmarkis 9% per year and in the United States it is 7% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation,what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Danish krone and in U.S. dollars,respectively?(a)16.63% (DKK);13.50% (USD)(b)13.50% (DKK);16.63% (USD)(c)13.36% (DKK);11.28% (USD)(d)11.28% (DKK);13.36% (USD)Answer:(c)28.The ________ theory states that the expected real interest rate on risk-free loans is the sameall over the world.(a)nominal interest-rate parity(b)real interest-rate parity(c)efficient inflation rate parity(d)efficient market rateAnswer:(b)29.________ states that exchange rates adjust so as to maintain the same “real” price of a“representative” basket of goods and services around the world.(a)Purchasing power parity(b)Efficient markets hypothesis(c)Market valuation model(d)Exchange rate equityAnswer:(a)30.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 5% per year. Inflation in Australiais 9% per year and in Great Britain it is 12% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation,what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Australian dollars and Great Britain pounds,respectively?(a)22.08% (AUD),11.45% (GBP)(b)11.45% (AUD),22.08% (GBP)(c)17.60% (AUD),14.45% (GBP)(d)14.45% (AUD),17.60% (GBP)Answer:(d)Short Problems1.Suppose you have $20,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 4% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $7,000 on which you are paying an interest rate of 18% per year. What is the arbitrage opportunity you face?Answer:You could take $7,000 out of your bank account and pay down your creditcard balance. You would give up 4% per year in interest earnings ($280) but you wouldsave 18% per year in interest expenses ($1,260). So the arbitrage opportunity is worth$980 per year.2.Fill in the missing exchange rates in the following table:Answer:3.You observe that the dollar price of the Mexican peso is $0.09618 and the dollar price of theCanadian dollar is $0.9997. What must the exchange rate between the Mexican peso and the Canadian dollar be for there to be no arbitrage opportunity?Answer: CAD/MXN = 0.096180.9997= 0.096208 CAD/MXN4.Suppose that the exchange rate is $0.2970 to the Israeli shekel. How could you makearbitrage profits with $10,000 if the dollar price of gold is $200 per ounce and the shekel price is 750 ILS per ounce?Answer:Take $10,000 and buy 50 ounces of gold at $200 per ounce. Sell 50 ounces of gold in Israel for 37,500 ILS (750 ILS per ounce). Take 37,500 ILS and exchange it into dollars worth $11,137.50. The arbitrage profit is $1,137.50.5.You are travelling in FarOut where you can buy 150 kranes (a krane being the unit ofcurrency in FarOut) with a U.S. dollar at official FarOut banks. Your tour guide has a relative who dabbles in the black market and this particular relative will sell you kranes for just $0.00685 each on the black market. How much would you gain or lose by exchanging $300 on the black market instead of going to the bank?Answer:On the official market:$300 x 150 kranes = 45,000 kranesOn the black market:$300 x 1/0.00685 kranes = 43,796 kranesHence,you would lose 1,204 kranes.6. A firm’s earnings per share are $5.50 and the industry average P/E multiple is 8. Whatwould be an estimate of the value of a share of the firm’s stock?Is it possible for firms being classified in the same industry to have different price/earnings multiples?Answer:Estimated value share of stock = firm’s EPS x Industry average P/E= $5.50 x 8= $44.00Firms classified as being in the same industry may have different opportunities for growth in the future and may therefore differ in their P/E multiples.7.The P/E multiple of BHM Corporation is currently 5,while the P/E ratio of the S&P 500 is10. What reasons could account for this difference?Answer:•BHM’s reported earnings may be higher than they are expected to be in the future,or they may be inflated due to special accounting methods used by BHM.•BHM may be riskier than the S&P 500 either because it is in a relatively risky industry or has a relatively higher debt ratio.8.The price of Hubris Co. stock recently jumped when the CEO for the company announced anincreased dividend payment for the year. What might account for such a market reaction?Answer:The market may believe the company’s future prospects look very bright (that is,higher earnings,less risk,sound growth,etc.) and that the company can sustain such an earnings growth.9.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. Denmark has anexpected rate of inflation of 9% per year and in Spain has an expected rate of inflation of 14% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation,what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Kroner and Euros?Answer: Denmark:nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.09) – 1= 13.36% per yearSpain:nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.14) –1= 18.56% per year10.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. The United Kingdomhas an expected rate of inflation of 8% per year and in Belgium it is 10% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation,what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Pounds Sterling and Euros?Answer: United Kingdom:nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.08) – 1= 12.32% per yearBelgium:nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.10) – 1= 14.40% per yearLonger Problems1.Let’s assume that you have operated your own business for 18 years. For the most recentfiscal year,sales were $15 million. Net Income for the most recent fiscal year was $1.5million. The book value of your business was $11 million. Recently,a firm which isengaged in similar activities to your own was sold and the following information was made public:Multiple of Book Value 0.8xMultiple of Net Income 11xMultiple of Sales 0.7xa)How would you determine an appropriate range of value for your company?b)It has come to your attention that your company has future investment opportunitiesthat would be less profitable than the competing company above. What does this sayabout the valuation of your company?Answer:a) Multiple of Sales: 0.7x = $15 million x 0.7 = $10.5 millionMultiple of Net Income: 11x = $1.5 million x 11 = $16.5 millionMultiple of Book Value: 0.8x = $11 million x 0.8 = $8.8 millionb) The valuation of your company would be at the lower end of the range.2.BHM stock is trading for $47 per share on the NYSE and $45 per share on the Sydney StockExchange. Assume that the costs of buying and selling BHM stock are negligible.a)How can you make an arbitrage profit?b)Over time what would you expect to happen to stock prices in New York and Sydney?c)Now assume that the cost of buying and selling shares of BHM are 2% pertransaction. How does this affect your answers?Answer:a) You could buy BHM stock in Sydney and simultaneously sell it in New York. Your arbitrage profit would be $2 per share.b)The prices would become equal.c)There could remain a 2% discrepancy between the prices whichwould be $1.84 in this instance.3.Suppose you have $50,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 3.5% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $13,000 on which you arepaying an interest rate of 21% per year. What is the arbitrage opportunity you face?Answer:You could take $13,000 out of your bank account and pay down your creditcard balance. You would give up 3.5% per year in interest earnings ($455) but you would save 21% per year in interest expenses ($2,730). So the arbitrage opportunity is worth$2,275 per year.4.The quotes from Hubris Bank and Modesty Bank are given below:Hubris Bank: 106 Yen/$Modesty Bank: 104 Yen/$Answer the following questions based on these figures.a)If we assume no transaction costs,there is evidently an opportunity for arbitragehere. If an arbitrageur started with $10,000,exactly how would (s)he make profitsand how much profit would (s)he make?b)As many traders engage in arbitrage who do you expect to see in the above quotes atthese two banks?c)If there is a 1% transaction cost for transactions is there still an opportunity forarbitrage?Answer:Hubris Bank:106 Yen/$ Modesty Bank:104 Yen/$a)At Hubris Bank,buy Yen with dollars (Yen are cheaper).At Modesty Bank,buy dollars with Yen (dollars are cheaper).Start with $10,000:At Hubris Bank: $10,000 x 106 Yen/$ = 1,060,000 YenAt Modesty Bank: 1,060,000 Yen x 1$/104 Yen = $10,192.31You make a profit of $192.31.b)The Yen will appreciate at Hubris Bank and it will depreciate at Modesty Bank.Eventually the exchange rate will stabilize between 106 Yen/$ and 104 Yen/$.c)Assume 1% transaction cost.At Hubris Bank: $10,000 (0.99) x 106 Yen/$ = 1,049,400 YenAt Modesty Bank: 1,049,400 Yen x (0.99) x $1/104 Yen = $10,090.38There is still an opportunity for arbitrage profit,but it has decreased from$192.31 to $90.38.5.In the United States,the real rate of return is expected to be 5% and in Switzerland it isexpected to be 4%.a)If the inflation rate in the United States is expected to be 6% and the Swissinflation rate is expected to be 8%,what will the nominal interest rates be in theUnited States and Switzerland?b)Are these markets in equilibrium?Where would you prefer to invest and why?c)What if the Swiss inflation rate were 6%?Are the markets in equilibrium?d)What are the respective nominal rates if the worldwide risk-free real rate ofreturn is 4% and inflation in the U.S. is 6% and in Switzerland it is 8%?Answer:a) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.05)(1.06) – 1= 11.30% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.08) – 1= 12.32% per yearb)The markets are not in equilibrium. Investors will go where the real rate is highest.That is,in the U.S.c) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.05)(1.06) – 1= 11.30% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.06) – 1= 10.24% per yearMarkets are still not in equilibrium.d) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.06) – 1= 10.24% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.08) – 1= 12.32% per year。

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库6TB(1)

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库6TB(1)

Chapter SixThe Analysis of Investment ProjectsThis chapter contains 41 multiple choice problems, 20 short problems and 8 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.The objective of a firm's management is to only undertake the projects that ________ themarket value of shareholders' equity.a)decreaseb)do not decreasec)changed)do not changeAnswer: (b)2.The decision rule that management uses with the net present value is to undertake only thoseprojects with ________ NPV.a) a discountedb) a contingentc) a positived)negativeAnswer: (c)3.If a firm decides to invest in automated machines that will allow the firm to reduce laborcosts, this is an example of a ________ capital expenditures project.a)new productsb)replacement of existing assetsc)cost reductiond)advertisingAnswer: (c)4.The NPV of a project represents the amount by which it is expected to increase ________.a)the break-even pointb)capital budgetingc)capital expendituresd)shareholder wealthAnswer: (d)5.Consider the following annual cash flows:Year Cash Flows (in thousands of dollars)0 –2,0001 1,2002 1,5003 1,800Using a cost of capital of 15%, compute this project's NPV.a)$5,361,000b)$3,548,000c)$3,361,000d)$1,361,000Answer: (d)6.Consider the following annual cash flows:Year Cash Flows (in thousands of dollars)0 –5,0001 4,1002 3,8003 3,500Using a cost of capital of 12%, compute this project's NPV.a)$14,181,000b)$9,181,000c)$4,181,000d)$3,548,000Answer: (c)7. A negative sign in front of a cash-flow forecast for a particular year means that it is an________.a)inflowb)outflowc)indeterminate flowd)more information is required to make this determinationAnswer: (b) cash inflows from operations can be computed in which of the following ways?a)Cash Flow = Revenue – Cash Expenses – Taxesb)Cash Flow = Net Income + Noncash Expensesc)Cash Flow = Revenue – Total Expenses – Taxes + Noncash Expensesd)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)9.Consider the development of a new type of laptop machine. In your estimates you determinethat you will sell 5,000 laptop units per year at a price of $2,500 per laptop. Productionequipment will have to be purchased at a cost of $2 million. The equipment will bedepreciated over five years using the straight-line method. Net working capital of $1.9million will also required to finance this project. The cash expenses for this project are $1,700 per laptop. The tax rate is 40%. Compute the net cash inflows from operations.a)$4 millionb)$2.56 millionc)$2.16 milliond)$1.76 millionAnswer: (b)10.Refer to question 9. What is the annual depreciation amount for this project?a)$4 millionb)$1 millionc)$0.78 milliond)$0.4 millionAnswer: (d)11.Refer to question 9. If we use a cost of capital equal to 13%, what is the NPV for this project?a)$2.3 millionb)$3.7 millionc)$5.1 milliond)$9 millionAnswer: (c)12.In computing a project's cost of capital the risk to use is ________.a)the risk of the financing instruments used to fund the projectb)the risk of the project's cash flowsc) a risk-free rated) a historical risk rate using T-billsAnswer: (b)13.A capital budgeting project's cost of capital should reflect only the ________ risk of theproject, not the project's ________ risk.a)unsystematic, systematicb)unsystematic, market-relatedc)systematic, unsystematicd)systematic, market-relatedAnswer: (c)14.The point of indifference between accepting and rejecting a project is referred to as the________ point.a)paybackb)NPVc)rejectiond)break-evenAnswer: (d)15.Consider a project that has total fixed costs of $400,000, an annual depreciation (based on thestraight-line method) of $150,000, annual cash flows of $255,000, and a tax rate of 34%. The difference between the revenue and variable cost (on a per unit basis) is $1,600 (so we use 1,600Q). Determine the break-even volume for this project.a)Q = 443 unitsb)Q = 349 unitsc)Q = 230 unitsd)Q = 194 unitsAnswer: (b)16.For a project, an initial cash outlay of $1.4 million is made. In year 1 the expected annualcash flow is $900,000, years 2-5 the expected annual cash flow is $1,000,000 and in year 6 the expected annual cash flow is $1.3 million. A cost of capital of 15% is used. The IRR (internal rate of return) is ________.a)72.1%b)65.8%c)51.7%d)40.0%Answer: (b)17.An initial cash outlay of $1.4 million is made for a capital budgeting project. In year 1, theexpected annual cash flow is $900,000, years 2-5, the expected annual cash flow is$1,000,000 and in year 6, the expected annual cash flow is $1.3 million. If a cost of capital of 15% is used, compute the NPV of this project.a)$1,800,000b)$2,100,000c)$2,427,225d)$3,296,790Answer: (c)18.The ________ is defined as the annual cash payment that has a present value equal to theinitial outlay.a)annualized cost of debtb)cost of debtc)cost of financingd)annualized capital costAnswer: (d)19.Project A has an initial $3.5 million capital outlay which is converted into an equivalentseven year annuity at a discount rate of 12% per year. Project B has a $7 million initial capital outlay and will last for 14 years. Project B has the same discount rate as Project A. What is the preferred alternative based on the annualized capital cost?a)Project A; its annualized capital cost = $528,050b)Project A; its annualized capital cost = $766,912c)Project B; its annualized capital cost = $1,056,099d)Project B; its annualized capital cost = $1,533,824Answer: (b)20.Project A has an initial capital outlay of $3 million. It will be converted into an equivalent 5year annuity at a discount rate of 12% per year. Project B has an initial capital outlay of $6 million. It will be a ten year annuity at the same discount rate as Project A. What are the annualized capital costs of both projects?a) a. Project A: $832,229 Project B: $1,664,458b) b. Project A: $530,952 Project B: $1,664,458c) c. Project A: $832,229 Project B: $1,061,905d) d. Project A: $530,952 Project B: $1,061,905Answer: (c)21.In comparing alternative annualized capital costs, the alternative with the ________annualized capital cost is the preferred alternative.a)lowestb)highestc)zerod)amortizedAnswer: (a)22.A project's IRR is ________ its scale, which makes IRR not a good measure for rankingmutually exclusive projects.a)contingent onb)independent ofc)inversely proportional tod)half ofAnswer: (b)23.The ________ rate is the rate that prevails in a zero-inflation scenario. The ________ rate isthe rate that one actually observes.a)nominal, inflationb)real, expectedc)nominal, reald)real, nominalAnswer: (d)24.If the nominal cost of capital is 16% per year and the expected rate of inflation is 5% per year,then compute the real cost of capital.a)21.8%b)11.5%c)11%d)10.5%Answer: (d)25.The nominal rate of interest is 15.7% and the expected rate of inflation is 6%. Compute thereal rate of return.a)22.6%b)10.9%c)9.15%d)7.85%Answer: (c)Use the following table to solve questions 26 through 28.Year Real Cash Flow Nominal Cash Flow1 800,000 840,0002 800,000 882,0003 800,000 926,1004 800,000 972,405In the above table, the real cost of capital is 11% per year, and the expected rate of inflation is 5% per year. The initial outlay for this project is $1.5 million.ing the information given above, determine the nominal cost of capital.a)16.55%b)15.45%c)11.66%d) 5.7%Answer: (a)pute the NPV of the real cash flows.a)$714,189b)$981,957c)$1,009,971d)$1,290,317Answer: (b)pute the NPV of the nominal cash flows.a)$714,189b)$981,957c)$1,009,971d)$1,290,317Answer: (b)29.How can NPV be properly calculated?a)by using the nominal cost of capital to discount nominal cash flowsb)by using the real cost of capital to discount real cash flowsc)neither (a) nor (b)d)both (a) and (b)Answer: (d)Use the following information to answer questions 30 through 35:A new type of candy bar is being considered by ChocoLicious. This project is completelyindependent of all the other projects at ChocoLicious. An outlay of $3.1 million is required for equipment to produce the new product, and additional net working capital in the amount of $1.5 million is also required. The firm will recover all working capital at the end of the project. The project will be terminated in five years and the equipment will be fully depreciated over fiver years using the straight-line method. Revenues are expected to be $5 million per year during the project, while operating expenses (excluding depreciation) for the project are expected to be $2 million per year. There will be an additional $0.5 million working capital requirement during the first year, and no working capital additions beyond that time. The required rate of return for this project is 12% and the relevant tax rate is 40%. Calculate the NPV of this project.30.What is the annual depreciation?a)$0.62 millionb)$0.81 millionc)$0.92milliond)$1.54 millionAnswer: (a)31.What is the net cash flow in year 1?a)$1.428 millionb)$1.548 millionc)$2.048 milliond)$2.458 millionAnswer: (b)32.What is the total cash flow in year 3?a)$1.428 millionb)$1.548 millionc)$2.048 milliond)$2.458 millionAnswer: (c)33.What is the total cash flow in year 5?a)$2.048 millionb)$2.548 millionc)$3.548 milliond)$4.048 millionAnswer: (d)34.Which is closest to the NPV of the project?a)$2.34 millionb)$2.78 millionc)$3.47 milliond)$3.92 millionAnswer: (c)35.What is the IRR of project?a)34.35%b)35.23%c)37.35%d)39.29%Answer: (d)36.Apex Corporation is considering the purchase of Zenith Corporation. The owners of ZenithCorporation are asking $75 million in cash and the managers of Apex Corporation estimate that, once under their control, Zenith Corporation will generate cash flows of $20 million per year for five years. The cash flows are net of taxes. The IRR of this investment is ________.a)8.17%b)10.42%c)15.34%d)20%Answer: (b)37.BGB Corporations is considering a project that will pay nothing for the first three years,$80,000 in the fourth year, $120,000 in the fifth year, and $160,000 in the sixth year. The appropriate discount rate is 8.8% and the project requires an investment tomorrow of$150,000 if we accept the project. The NPV of this project is:a)$149,135b)$124,939c)$94,901d)$82,263Answer: (d)Use the following information to answer questions 38 through 41.NetProducts Inc. is considering installing a new server. The new machine costs $61,000 and is expected to have a useful economic life of 5 years, after which it will have a book value of $0. In addition to the equipment costs, management expects installation costs of $9,000 and an initial outlay for net working capital of $7,000.The new server is expected to generate an additional $16,000 per year in earnings after tax over its useful life, but an additional $4,000 per year is required in net working capital. The net working capital will be recovered by the end of the fifth year. NetProducts Inc. has cost of capital (k) of 20%.38.What is the net cash flow in year 1?a)$12,000b)$26,000c)$30,000d)$34,000Answer: (b)39.What is the total cash flow in year 5?a)$26,000b)$30,000c)$46,000d)$53,000Answer: (d)40.What is the NPV of this project?a)$11,606.59b)$8,793.45c)$5,176.55d)$755.90Answer: (a)41.What is the IRR of this project?a)30.03%b)26.01%c)22.88%d)20.45%Answer: (b)Short Problems1.Explain why the internal rate of return (IRR) is not a good measure for ranking mutuallyexclusive projects.Answer: In some cases the ranking system according to IRR may be inconsistent with the objective of maximizing shareholder value. IRR is not a good measure for rankingmutually exclusive projects since a project's IRR is independent of its scale.2.You are considering two investment projects with the following patterns of expected futurenet after-tax cash flows:Year Project A Project B0 –$9 million –$9 million1 $2 million $4.0 million2 $2.5 million $3.5 million3 $3.0 million $3.0 million4 $3.5 million $2.5 million5 $4.0 million $2.0 millionFor both projects, the appropriate cost of capital is 11%. Which project would yourecommend and why?Answer:NPV A= PV – initial outlay= $1,703,796NPV B= PV – initial outlay= $2,471,586Project B is better than Project A3.Consider an investment that requires an initial outlay of $3 million. In the absence of inflationthis investment is expected to produce an annual after-tax cash flow of $800,000 for six years.The cost of capital for this project is 12%. Compute the NPV and internal rate of return (IRR) of this investment. Does this seem a worthwhile investment?Answer:NPV = PV – initial outlay= $289,126IRR = 15.34%NPV > 0and IRR > cost of capitalThis appears to be a worthwhile investment based on NPV and IRR.4.Projects requiring capital expenditures fall into three categories. What are they? Discuss howideas for investment projects evolve.Answer:Most investment projects requiring capital expenditures fall into three categories:new products, cost reduction, and replacement of existing assets. Ideas forinvestment projects can come from customers and competitors, or from within thefirm's own R&D or production departments.5.Explain the manner in which firms use (or should use) the cost of capital in computing the netpresent value for a project.Answer:The correct cost of capital is the one applicable to firms in the same industry asthe new project. If the project happens to be a "mini-replica" of the assetcurrently held by the firm, then management should use the firm's cost of capitalin computing the project's NPV.6. A firm is considering investing $15 million in machinery equipment that is expected to have auseful life of five years and is expected to reduce the firm's labor costs by $5 million per year.Assume the firm pays a 35% tax rate on accounting profits and uses the straight-linedepreciation method. What is the after-tax cash flow from the investment in years 1 through 5?If the hurdle rate for this investment is 16% per year, is it worthwhile? What are theinvestment's IRR and NPV?Answer:Increase in after-tax cash flow = Increase in before tax cash flow – increase intaxes= $5,000,000 – (5,000,000 – 3,000,000)(0.35)= $4,300,000NPV = PV - Initial Outlay= 14,079,463 – 15,000,000= -$920,537IRR = 13.34%This is not a worthwhile project based on NPV and IRR.7.Consider two projects but the projects last for different periods of time. Project A has aninitial outlay of $5 million and is expected to generate an equivalent 5 year annuity at adiscount rate of 11%. Project B requires twice the initial outlay, but will last ten years at the same discount rate. Which is the preferred project based on annualized capital cost?Answer:Project A:n I PV FV PMT5 11% -5,000,000 0 ?PMT = $1,352,852 per yearProject B:n I PV FV PMT10 11% -10,000,000 0 ?PMT = $1,698,014 per yearProject A is the preferred alternative because it has the lower annualized capitalcost.8.Consider the following mutually exclusive projects, for a firm using a discount rate of 10%:Project Initial Investment NPV IRRA $1,000,000 $100,000 10.2%B $100 $1 11%C $50,000 $70,000 23%D $200,000 $24,000 13%Which project should the firm accept?Answer: Note the scaling differences associated with these projects, and the conflicting NPV and IRR results. In such cases, the project with the highest NPV should be chosen. Therefore the firm should accept Project A.9.Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the following projected cashflows:Year Project A Project B0 –$50,000 –$50,0001 0 15,6252 0 15,6253 0 15,6254 0 15,6255 99,500 15,625If the required rate of return on these projects is 10 percent, which should be chosen and why?Answer: Calculate net present value of each project and choose the project with thehigher NPV.Net Present Value (Project A) = $11,781.67Net Present Value (Project B) = $9,231.04Choose Project A.10.Consider the following mutually exclusive, average risk projects, for a firm with a discountrate of 9%:Project Initial Investment NPV IRRA $100 $1 11%B $25,000 $35,000 23%C $500,000 $50,000 10.2%D $100,000 $12,000 13%Which project should the firm accept?Answer:Choose Project C – it has the highest NPV.Note the scaling differences associated with these projects, and the conflicting NPV and IRR results. In such cases, the project with the highest NPV should be chosen. Therefore the firm should accept Project C.11.You are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects for Licorice Inc., with the following netcash flows:Year Project A Project B0 $(100,000) ($100,000)1 55,000 35,0002 45,000 38,0003 40,000 41,0004 35,000 42,0005 0 45,000If Licorice's cost of capital is 15%, which project should you choose?Answer:Choose the project with the higher NPV.Net Present Value (Project A) = $28,164.56Net Present Value (Project B) = $32,513.00Choose Project B.12.Pluto Inc. is considering the purchase of Neptune Corp. The owners of Neptune Corp. areasking for $150 million in cash. The managers of Pluto estimate that, under their control, Neptune Corp. will generate cash flows of $12 million per year for five years and then be sold for $200 million. The IRR of this investment is:Answer:First of all, set up the cash flows associated with this investment:Year Cash Flow___0 ($150,000,000)1-4 $12,000,000/yr5 $212,000,000Using a cash flow worksheet, the IRR = 13.13% per year.13.You are evaluating two independent projects for Licorice Corporation, with the following netcash flows:Year Project A Project B0 –$100,000 –$100,0001 55,000 35,0002 45,000 38,0003 40,000 41,0004 35,000 42,0005 0 45,000If Licorice Corp's cost of capital is 9%, which project(s) should be accepted?Answer:Net Present Value (Project A) = $44,016.54Net Present Value (Project B) = $54,754.23Note that these are independent projects; accepting one does not preclude accepting the other. Since both projects have positive NPVs, both should be accepted.14.Oscar’s Corp. is considering starting a new business involving bicycle production. This newbusiness involves purchases of $8 million of new equipment. This new business is anticipated to generate net income of $1.43 million per year for 6 years. The company uses straight-line depreciation to zero salvage value for tax purposes. Assuming a 30 percent tax rate and a 10 percent discount rate, calculate the project's IRR.Answer:Dep = ($8,000,000)/6= $1,333,333/yrAnnual cash flow = Net income + noncash charges= $1.43 million + $1,333,333= $2763,333/yrCalculate the internal rate of return = 25.85%Since IRR > discount rate, accept project.15.Brunhilde Corporation is considering a project that will pay $10,000 at the end of the firstyear, $20,000 at the end of the second year, and $40,000 at the end of the third year. The project's appropriate discount rate is 11% and it will require an investment tomorrow of$50,000 if accepted. Calculate the NPV of this project.Answer:The cash flows for this project are:Year Cash flow0 ($50,000)1 10,0002 20,0003 40,000NPV (@ 11% discount rate) = $4,489.1116.You are analyzing a capital budgeting project and, as shown by ???, some numbers areunreadable. You can read the following information:Cash Flows at the end of: Year 0 = ($24,300)Year 1 = $10,800Year 2 = $ 6,000Year 3 = $ 2,600Year 4 = $ ???Year 5 = $ 9,300The Cost of Capital is 13%, the NPV = –$2,663.48 and the IRR = ???%. Your superior, ignoring the important fact that we should reject the project, is demanding to know the Cash Flow in Year 4. Calculate the cash flow in Year 4.Answer:Solve the expression:10,800/1.13 + 6,000/(1.13)2 + 2,600/(1.13)3 + ???/(1.13)4 + 9,300/(1.13)5 –24300 =–2,663.48??? = $86517.Consider the following normal, independent projects that are being considered for next year'scapital budget. The firm had been using a cost of capital of 16%, but recently found out that the correct cost of capital was 10%. Your firm uses discounted cash flow methods (NPV, IRR) to choose projects. You are given the following information.Project Initial Investment NPV@16%IRRA $1,000,000 –$200,000 13.9%B $4,000,000 –$900,000 11.1%C $2,000,000 –$180,000 8.4%Note, the above information is correct except that the NPVs were calculated using 16%instead of 10%. Which project(s) should the firm accept?Answer: Since the cost of capital has decreased, the NPV for each project will change.However, we do not have the annual cash flows that we need to recompute NPV. Insteadwe consider IRR. Now Project A and Project B have IRRs greater than the cost of capital.The firm should accept projects A and B.18.You are considering two different pieces of equipment for your business. Either of them willserve your purpose equally well; however, they have different acquisition costs, operating costs, and useful lives. The specific characteristics of each piece of equipment are:Machine A Machine B Acquisition cost $50,000 $70,000Operating cost per annum 10,000 9,000Useful life 3 years 5 years Salvage value 0 0If you anticipate remaining in business for at least 15 years, and your discount rate is 10%, which machine should you select?Answer:PV of costs (Project A) = 50,000 + 24,868.52 = $74,868.52PV of costs (Project B) = 70,000 + 34,117.08 = $104,117.08Now determine which project is the cheaper alternative. Calculate the annualized cost:Project A:PV I N Result___________-74,868.52 10 3 PMT = $30,105.74Project B:PV I N Result___________-104,117.08 10 5 PMT = $27,465.82Choose Project B since its annualized cost is lower than that of Project A.19.Consider the following normal, independent projects that are being considered for nextyear’s capital budget. The firm had been using a cost of capital of 17%, but recently found out that the correct cost of capital was 10%. Your firm uses discounted cash flow methods (NPV,IRR) to choose projects. You are given the following information about the projects.Project Initial Investment NPV@17% IRRA $2,000,000 –$1,470,000 8.4%B $6,000,000 –$1,200,000 11.1%C $1,500,000 –$450,000 13.9%Note, the above information is correct except that the NPVs were calculated using 17% instead of 10%. Which project(s) should the firm accept?Answer:Since the cost of capital has decreased, this may change our assessment of the projects.To recompute the NPV, we need the annual cash flows, which are not displayed, so weneed to take a look at IRR instead. Now Projects B & C have IRRs greater than the cost of capital. The firm should accept Project B and Project C.20.Makine Corp. is considering a new business. This business involves startup costs of $13million. This business is anticipated to generate net income of $1.35 million per year for 13 years. The company uses straightline depreciation to zero salvage value for tax purposes.Assuming a 30 percent tax rate and a 10 percent discount rate, calculate the project’s NPV.Answer:Annual depreciation = $13 million/13= $1 millionAnnual net cash flow = net income + depreciation= 1.35 million + $1 million= $2.35 millionNPV = $3,692,887Longer Problems1.Reyes Inc. is considering investing $8 million in computer equipment that is expected to havea useful life of 4 years, and is expected to reduce the firm’s labor costs by $3 million peryear. Assume that Reyes, Inc. pays a 35% tax rate on accounting profits and uses the straight-line depreciation method. What is the after-tax cash flow from the investment in years 1through 4? If the firm's hurdle rate for the project is 14% per year is it worthwhile? What are the investment's NPV and IRR?Answer:Increase in after-tax cash flow = Increase in before tax cash flow –increase in taxes= $3 million – (3 – 2 million)(0.35)= $3 million – $0.35 million= $2.65 millionNPV = PV – Initial Outlay= $7,721,338 – $8,000,000= -$278,662IRR = 12.29%Based on NPV and IRR, the project does not seem worthwhile.2.Consider a project which involves an initial outlay of $5 million and which will generate anexpected annual cash flow of $1.6 million. The cost of capital used is 13%. This project will last 6 years.(a) Compute the project's NPV(b) Compute the IRRAnswer:(a) NPV = PV - Initial Outlay= $6,396,080 – $5,000,000= $1,396,080(b) IRR = 22.56%3.Sound Wired Corporation is considering an investment of $1,000,000 in equipment forproducing a new type of compact disc. The equipment has an expected life of five years.Sales are expected to be 150,000 units per year at a price of $25 per unit. Fixed costsexcluding depreciation of the equipment are $300,000 per year, and variable costs are $13 per unit. The equipment will be depreciated over five years using the straight-line method with a zero salvage value. Working capital requirements are assumed to be 1/12 of annual sales. The market capitalization rate for the project is 17% per year, and the corporation pays income tax at the rate of 35%. What is the project's NPV? What is the break-even volume?Answer:Sales revenue = $25 per unit x 150,000 units per year= $3,750,000 per yearInvestment in NWC = 1/12 x $3,750,000= $312,500Total investment = $1,000,000 + $312,500= $1,312,500Depreciation = $1,000,000 / 5= $200,000 per yearTotal annual operating costs = $13 x 150,000 + $500,000= $2,450,000 per yearCF = net income + depreciation= (1 - 0.35)(3,750,000 - $2,450,000) + $200,000= $1,045,000 per yearNPV = PV - Initial Outlay= $3,343,317 - $1,312,500= $2,030,817To determine break-even volume:In order for NPV to be 0, what must the cash flow from operations be?N I PV FVPMT5 17% -1,312,500 312,500 ?PMT = $365,689Cash Flow = Net profit + Depreciation$365,689 = 0.65 (12Q – 500,000) + 200,000$365,689 = 7.8Q – 325,000 + 200,000$365,689 = 7.8Q – 125,000$490,000 = 7.8Q62,909 = QSo the break-even volume is 62,909.4.In anticipation of the year 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China, TingTing Inc. is consideringgetting into the souvenir business. One idea under consideration is the production of panda bear statuettes. A machine costing $60,000 will have to be purchased and this new machine will have a life of three years (for both actual and tax purposes) and after three years the machine will have zero salvage value. In terms of depreciation, the machine will bedepreciated on a straight-line basis. TingTing Inc. believes it can sell 5,000 souvenir statues per year at a price of $15 each. For each statue the variable costs are $3 and fixed expenses (this does not include depreciation) will be $4,000 per year. The cost of capital for TingTing Inc. is 14% and the tax rate is 35%. The figures given above assume that there will be no inflation.(a) Compute the series of expected cash flows.(b) Compute the project's NPV. Is it a worthwhile project?(c) What is the NPV breakeven quantity?Now assume that over the next three years the expected rate of inflation is 7% per year.Also assume that in this environment both revenues and nondepreciation expensesincrease at that rate and the cost of capital remains the same.(d) Compute the series of expected nominal cash flows.(e) Compute the NPV of nominal cash flows. Is the project worth undertaking?Answer:(a) Increase in revenue = $75,000Fixed costs (ex. dep) = $4,000Depreciation = $20,000Total Fixed Cost = $24,000Total variable costs = $15,000Total operating costs = $39,000Operating Profit = $36,000Taxes = $12,600After-tax operating profit = $23,400Net Cash Flow = $43,400 in each of the next three yrs.(b) NPV = PV – Initial Outlay= $100,759 – $60,000= $40,759The project is worthwhile(c) n I PV FV PMT3 14% –60,000 0 ?PMT = $25,844Incremental cash flow = Increase in net profit + increase in depreciation$25,844 = 0.65(12Q - 24,000) + 20,000Q = 2,749 units per year(d) CF1= $43,400(1.07) = $46,438CF2= $46,438(1.07) = $49,688.66CF3= $49,688.66(1.07) = $53,167。

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库4T B(1)(总25页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面,使用时请删除本页-Chapter FourAllocating Resources Over TimeThis chapter contains 46 multiple-choice questions, 18 short problems and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.________ is the process of going from present value to future value, whereas ________ isfinding the present value of some future amount.(a)Discounting; compounding(b)Compounding; annualizing(c)Compounding; discounting(d)Discounting; leasingAnswer: (c)2.________ refers to the interest rate at which money received before the end of the planninghorizon can be reinvested.(a)Internal rate(b)Reinvestment rate(c)Cost of equity(d)Compound interestAnswer: (b)3.The difference between an immediate annuity and an ordinary annuity is ________.(a)the number of periods(b)the amount of the payments(c)the interest rate(d)the timing of the paymentsAnswer: (d)4.The preferred stock of Tavistock Realty offers a cash dividend of $ per year and it is selling ata price of $110 per share. What is the yield of Tavistock Realty preferred stock?5.(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (a)6.Consider the situation where you have won a $10 million lottery to be received in 25 annualequal payments of $400,000. What will happen to the present value of these winnings if the interest rate increases during the next 25 years?(a)it will not change(b)it will be worth more(c)it will be worth less(d)it cannot be determinedAnswer: (c)7.What is the effective annual rate on a bank account that has APR of 8 percent with interestcompounded quarterly?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)8.You take out a loan with an APR of 10% with monthly compounding. What is the effectiveannual rate on your loan?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)18%Answer: (a)9.The CFO of CyberHelp Inc. has $250,000 in cash today that he wants to invest. How muchwill this investment be worth in four years if the current interest rate is 8%(a)$270,000(b)$330,000(c)$340,125(d)$342,150Answer: (c)10.If you purchase a $12,000 certificate of deposit today with an APR of 14%, with quarterlycompounding, what will the CD be worth when it matures in 5 years?(a)$20,(b)$20,(c)$23,(d)$23,Answer: (d)11.The CFO of CyberChain Inc. plans to unleash a media campaign that is expected to cost $15million four years from today. How much cash should she set aside to pay for this if the current interest rate is 13%(a)$ million(b)$ million(c)$ million(d)$ millionAnswer: (a)12.The NPV is a measure of how much your ________ wealth changes as a result of your choiceand if the NPV is ________it does not pay to undertake that choice.(a)future; negative(b)current; negative(c)current; positive(d)future; positiveAnswer: (b)13.The ________ is the rate that one can earn somewhere else if one did not invest in theproject under evaluation.(a)opportunity cost of capital(b)cost of debt(c)cost of equity(d)weighted average cost of capitalAnswer: (a)14.You are trying to decide whether or not to buy a bond for $990 that will make one paymentfor $1,050 four years from today. What is the internal rate of return on the bond’s cash flows?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)15.Calculate the NPV of the following cash flows: you invest $3,000 today and receive $300 oneyear from now, $700 two years from now, and $1,100 starting four years from now. Assume that the interest rate is 7%.(a)–$1,(b)–$1,(c)$1,(d)$1,Answer: (b)16.After each payment of an amortized loan, the outstanding balance is reduced by the amountof principal repaid. Therefore, the portion of the payment that goes toward the payment of interest is ________ than the previous period’s interest payment and the portion going toward repayment of principal is ________ than the previous period’s.(a)greater; lower(b)lower; lower(c)greater; greater(d)lower; greaterAnswer: (d)17.The present value of a future amount can be calculated with the equation ________.(a) PV = FV(1 + i)n(b) PV = FV(1 + i)(n)(c) PV = FV/(1 + i)n[NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction](d) PV = FV/(1 + i)(n) [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction]Answer: (c)18.To compute the future value of a present amount use the compound amount factor definedas ________.(a) FV = PV(1 + i)n(b) FV = PV(1 + i)(n)(c) FV = PV/(1 + i)n [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction](d) FV = PV/(1 + i)(n) [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction]Answer: (a)19.The earnings of BGB Computers have grown from $ to $ in 6 years. Determine the annualcompound rate.(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)20.In five years you intend to go to graduate school. For each of your four years in graduateschool, you need to have a fund that will provide $25,000 per year at the beginning of each year. If the interest rate is 9% throughout, how much must you put in the fund today?(a)$64,996(b)$57,379(c)$50,184(d)$16,249Answer: (b)21.As part of your new job at CyberInc. the company is providing you with a new Jeep. Yourfirm will lease this $34,000 Jeep for you. The terms of the lease are seven annual payments at an interest rate of 10%, which will fully amortize the cost of the car. What is the annual lease payment?(a)$6,(b)$5,(c)$4,(d)$3,Answer: (a)22.A rule of thumb with using the internal rate of return is to invest in a project if the IRR is________ the opportunity cost of capital.(a)greater than(b)less than(c)less than or equal to(d)one-half ofAnswer: (a)23.When considering the timeframe of an investment, a rule followed by some is to choose theinvestment with ______ payback period.(a)the longest(b)the shortest(c)no(d)an infiniteAnswer: (b)24.A major problem with using the internal rate of return rule is ________.(a)there may be multiple cash outflows and multiple cash inflows(b)the internal rate of return may not exist(c)the internal rate of return may not be unique(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)25.The NPV is the difference between the ________ value of all ________ cash inflowsminus the ________ value of all current and future cash outflows.(a)future; present; present(b)present; future; present(c)present; present; future(d)present; future; futureAnswer: (b)26.When considering effective interest rates, as the compounding frequency increases, theeffective annual rate gets ________ and ________ but approaches ________.(a)larger; larger; a limit(b)smaller; smaller; a limit(c)larger; larger; infinity(d)smaller; smaller; infinityAnswer: (a)27.In 10 years you wish to own your business. How much will you have in your bankaccount at the end of 10 years if you deposit $300 each quarter (assume end of the period deposits) Assume the account is paying an interest rate of 12% compounded quarterly.(a)$20,220(b)$21,060(c)$21,626(d)$22,620Answer: (d)28.The director of marketing for CyberProducts Inc. plans to unleash a media blitz that isexpected to cost $ million three years from today. How much cash should she set aside today to pay for this if the current interest rate is 11%(a) $ million(b) $ million(c) $ million(d) $ millionAnswer: (d)29.If you purchased a $10,000 certificate of deposit today with an APR of 12%, with monthlycompounding, what would be the CD worth when it matures in 6 years?(a) $56,340(b) $20,468(c) $19,738(d) $5,066Answer: (b)30.The manufacturing manager of CyberProducts Inc. estimates that she can save the company$16,000 cash per year over the next 8 years by implementing a recycling plan. What is the value of the savings today if the appropriate interest rate for the firm is 9% Assume cash flows occur at the end of the year.(a) $64,240(b) $88,557(c) $96,527(d) $128,000Answer: (b)31.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the French Franc is $ per French Franc, thedollar interest rate is % per year, and the French Franc interest rate is % per year, what is the "break-even" value of the future dollar/French Franc exchange rate one year from now?32.a)$ per FFb)$ per FFc)$ per FFd)$ per FFAnswer: (a)33.In any time value of money calculation, the cash flows and the interest rate must bedenominated ________.a)in the same currencyb)in different currenciesc)in terms of a third currencyd)in terms of the ECUAnswer: (a)34.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the Japanese yen is $ per yen, the dollarinterest rate is 6% per year, and the Japanese interest rate is 7% per year, what is the“break-even” value of the future dollar/yen exchange rate one year from now?35.a)$ per yenb)$ per yenc)$ per yend)$ per yenAnswer: (d)36.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in a Swiss projector an American project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $15,000. The Swiss project will pay you 17,100 Swiss Francs per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will pay you $11,000 per year for 6 years. The dollar interest rate is 5% per year, the Swiss Franc interest rate is 6% per year, and the current dollar price of a Swiss Franc is $ per Swiss Franc.Which project has the higher NPVa)the . project; its NPV is $55,832b)the . project; its NPV is $40,833c)the Swiss project; its NPV is $42,179d)the Swiss project; its NPV is $57,178Answer: (c)37.The ________ is the rate denominated in dollars or in some other currency, and the________ is denominated in units of consumer goods.a)nominal interest rate; inflation interest rateb)nominal interest rate; real interest ratec)real interest rate; inflation interest rated)real interest rate; nominal interest rateAnswer: (b)38.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in a British projector . project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $55,000. The British project will pay you 30,000 pounds per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will generate $40,000 per year for 6 years. The British interest rate is 5% per year, and the American interest rate is 6% per year; the current dollar price of a pound sterling is $ per pound sterling. Which project has the higher NPV?39.a)choose the . one, it has a NPV of $196,693b)choose the . one, it has a NPV of $141,693c)choose the British one, it has a NPV of $248,506d)choose the British one, it has a NPV of $193,506Answer: (d)40.What is the real interest rate if the nominal interest rate is 9% per year and the rate ofinflation is 6% per year?a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (c)41.What is the nominal interest rate if the real rate of interest is % and the rate of inflation is6% per year?42.a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (b)43.What is the real rate of interest if the inflation rate is 6% per year and the nominal interestrate per year is %a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (b)pute the real future value, to the nearest dollar, of $2,000 in 35 years time. The realinterest rate is %, the nominal interest rate is %, and the rate of inflation is 5%.a)$6,023b)$6,853c)$33,223d)$11,032Answer: (a)45.The real interest rate is %, the nominal interest rate is % and the rate of inflation is 5%. Weare interested in determining the future value of $200 in 35 years time. What is the future price level?46.a)b)c)d)Answer: (c)47.Suppose your child is 9 years old and you are planning to open a fund to provide for thechild’s college education. Currently, tuition for one year of college is $22,000. How much must you invest now in order to pay enough for the first year of college nine years from now, if you think you can earn a rate of interest that is 4% more than the inflation rate?a)$21,154b)$16,988c)$15,585d)$15,457Answer: (d)48.Suppose you have a child who is 10 years old and you are planning to open a fund to providefor the child’s college education. Currently, tuition for one year is $22,000. Your child is planning to travel for two years before starting college. How much must you invest now in order to pay enough for the first year of college ten years from now, if you think you can earn a rate of interest that is 5% more than the inflation rate?a)$10,190b)$13,506c)$13,660d)$20,952Answer: (b)49.When considering a plan for long run savings, if one does not have an explicit forecast ofinflation, then one can make plans in terms of:a)constant real payments and a real rate of interestb)constant nominal payments and a nominal rate of interestc)constant real payments and a nominal rate of interestd)constant nominal payments and a real rate of interestAnswer: (a)50.If the real rate is 4% and the rate of inflation is 6%, what is the nominal rate?a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (c)51.You have an investment opportunity with a nominal rate of 6% compounded daily. If youwant to have $100,000 in your investment account in 15 years, how much should you deposit today, to the nearest dollar?a.$43,233b.$41,727c.$40,930d.$40,660Answer: (d)52.You have determined the present value of an expected cash inflow stream. Which of thefollowing would cause the stream to have a higher present value?a)The discount rate increases.b)The cash flows are paid over a shorter period of time.c)The discount rate decreases.d)Statements (b) and (c) are both correct.Answer: (d)Short Problems1.CyberNow is opening an office in the . CyberNow expects cash flows to be $500,000 for thefirst year, $530,000 for the second year, $560,000 in the third year. If CyberNow uses 12 percent as its discount rate, what is the present value of the cash flows Assume cash flows are made at the end of the year.Answer: PV = FV/(1 + i)n= 500,000/1 + 530,000/2 + 560,000/3= 446,429 + 422,513 + 398,597= $1,267,5392. GeorgiaSun Inc. has preferred stock that pays an annual dividend of $. If the security has nomaturity (an “infinite” life), what is its value to an investor who wishes to obtain an percent rate of return?Answer: PV of a level Perpetuity = $= $3.Let us suppose you have a choice between investing in a bank savings account that pays 9%compounded annually (Bank Yearly) and one that pays % compounded daily (Bank Daily).(Assume this is based on 365 days). Using only effective annual rates, which bank would you prefer?4.Answer: Effective annual rate: Bank Yearly = 9%Effective annual rate: Bank Daily = [1 + 365]365 – 1= %You would prefer Bank Yearly because you will earn more money.5.Steptoe’s bank account has a floating interest rate on certain deposits. That is, every yearthe interest rate is adjusted. Four years ago Steptoe deposited $35,000 into the bank account, when interest rates were 6%. The following year the rate was %, last year the rate was 8% and this year the rate fell to %. How much will be in his account at the end of the year Assume annual compounding.Answer: Amount = $35,000 x x x x= $45,6.Calculate the net present value of the following cash flows: you invest $4,000 today andreceive $400 one year from now, $900 two years from now and $2000 three years from now.Assume the interest rate is 9%.Answer: NPV = $400/ +$900/2 + $2,0003 –$4,000= $ + $ + $1, – $4,000= $ -1,7.The manufacturing manager of CyberNow Inc. estimates that she can save the company$20,000 cash per year over the next 5 years by implementing a recycling plan. What is the value of the savings today if the appropriate interest rate for the firm is 8%. Assume that cash flows occur at the end of the year.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result5 8 ? 0 $20,000 PV = $79,8.Stroll Inc. has been offered a $2,000,000 jet under a 10 year loan agreement. The loanrequires Stroll Inc. to make equal, annual, end-of-year payments that include both principal and interest on the outstanding balance. The interest rate on the loan is 11%. Calculate the amount of these annual payments.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result10 11 –$2,000,000 0 ? PMT = $339,9.Herb Flint decides to put $2,000 a year into an IRA fund over his 35 year working life andthen retire. Assume the deposits are made at the end of the year. If the account earns 11% compounded annually, what will Herb have in the account when he retiresAnswer:n i PV FV PMT Result35 11 0 ? $2,000 FV = $683,10.Regarding retirement funds, there is some debate as to whether investors should invest atthe beginning of the year rather than at the end of the year. If an investor invests $2,000 per year at 12% over a 35 year period, what is the difference between the two funds?Answer: End of Year Fund:n i PV FV PMT Result35 12 0 ? $2,000 PV = $863,Under an immediate annuity the entire amount earns interest for an additional year. So the FV for the immediate annuity is $863, X = $996,.Therefore the difference between the funds is: $996, – $863, = $103,11.You have the chance to buy a bond for $900 that will make one payment of $1,100 six yearsfrom today. What is the internal rate of return in the bond’s cash flows?Answer: 900(1 + i)6 = 1,100(1 + i)6 =i = 1/6 - 1i= %12.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in an Australianproject or an American project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $20,000. TheAustralian project will pay you Aust $40,000 per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will generate $25,000 per year for 6 years. The Australian dollar interest rate is 6% per year and the American interest rate is 5% per year; the current dollar price of an Australian dollar is $ per Australian dollar. Which project has the higher NPV?13.Answer:American Project:n i PV FV PMT PV Result6 5 ? 0 $25,000 $126,892Australian Project:n i PV FV PMT PV Result6 6 ? 0 $40,000 $196,693 (Aust)NPV US project = $126,892 - $20,000 = $106,892Today the Australian project is worth A$196,693 x $ per Aust= $127, (in . dollars)NPV Aust project = $127, - $20,000 = $107,Choose the Australian project since it has a higher NPV.14.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the Dutch Guilder is $ per Guilder, the dollarinterest rate is 7% per year and the Dutch interest rate is 8% per year, what is the “break-even” value of the future dollar/Guilder exchange rate one year from now?15.Answer:Today One Year From Now$1 @7% $Guilders @8% Guilders“Break-even” point = $ Guilders= $ per Guilder16.What is the real rate of interest if the nominal rate is % per year and the rate of inflation is7% per year?17.18.Answer:Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate – rate of inflation1 + rate of inflation= –=Real interest rate = %19.I have $200 today and am interested in finding out what its equivalent real future value willbe in 40 years. What are the two ways I have available to me in computing the real future value?Answer:pute the future value using the real rate of interest.pute the nominal future value using the nominal rate, and then deflate it tofind the real future value.20.The real rate of interest is %, the nominal rate of interest is % and the rate of inflation is %.What is the real future value of $2,000 in 40 years time Show both methods.Answer:Method One:Real future value = $,2000 x= $8,741Method Two:Nominal future value = $2,000 x= $108,Future price level ==Real FV = nominal future valuefuture price level= $108, = $8,74121.As part of your new job at CyberInc. the company is providing you with a new Jeep. Yourfirm will lease this $34,000 Jeep for you. The terms of the lease are seven annual payments at an interest rate of 10%, which will fully amortize the cost of the car. Assuming that all payments are made on time and no additional money is paid towards the lease in any year, what percent of the 5th payment will go towards repayment of principal?22.23.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result7 10 –$34,000 0 ? PMT = $6,The monthly payment = $6,Of the monthly payment, principal = $5,247% principal repayment in 5th payment =$5,247/$6,= %24.You have decided to buy a car that costs $35,000. The dealer offers you a 5 year loan withmonthly payments of $814 per month. What is the annual interest rate on the loan?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result60 ? –$35,000 0 $814 i =The annual nominal interest rate = * 12= % per year25.A subscription to the magazine “National Tattler” states that you can purchase a one yearsubscription for $45 today, which can be renewed after a year at this rate. Alternately, you can purchase a two year subscription for $80 today. If you wish to subscribe to the magazine for two years and your required rate of return is 9% per year, which subscription offershould you choose?Answer:PV of the two year subscription = $80PV of one year subscription and renewal = $45 + 45/= $The two year subscription is the cheaper alternative.Longer Problems1.Heathcliff is currently 25 years old and expects to retire at age 65. Suppose that Heathclifftakes a job immediately and can earn $35,000 for the remainder of his working life. What is the present value of his future earnings?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result40 5 ? 0 $35,000 PV = $600,5682.In order to finance your dream home, you are considering borrowing $120,000. The annualpercentage rate is 9% and payments are made annually over 5 years. Construct the loan-amortization schedule for the annual paymentsAnswer:n i PV FV PMT Result5 9 –$120,000 0 ? PMT = $30,856Loan Amortization Schedule is as follows:3.You are 60 years old and are considering whether it pays to buy an annuity from aninsurance company. For a cost of $25,000, the insurance company will pay you $3,000 per year for the rest of your life. If you can earn 8% per year on your money in a bank account and expect to live until age 80, is it worth buying the annuity What implied interest rate is the insurance company paying youAnswer: First compute the present value of the annuity.n i PV FV PMT Result20 8 ? 0 $3,000 PV = $29,Now compute the NPV of the investment of the annuity:NPV = $29, - $25,000= $4,So the annuity looks worth buying.To compute the implied interest rate on the annuity, we need to find thediscount rate that makes the NPV zero. On a financial calculator, we find theanswer to be % per year.4. Gemma Peel is 30 years today and she wishes to accumulate enough money over the next 35 years to provide for a 20 year retirement annuity of $100,000 at the beginning of each year, starting with her 65th birthday. Assume the rate of the return over the entire period will be 11%. What is the present value of this annuity?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result20 11 ? 0 $100,000 PV = $883,9295. The exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the . dollar is currently $ per Canadiandollar, the dollar interest rate is 6% per year, and the Canadian dollar interest rate is 7% per year. You have $100,000 in a one-year account that allows you to choose between either currency and it pays the corresponding interest rate. What is the “break-even” value of the dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate one year from now?Answer:. today One year from now $1 @6% $Canadian today One year from now$(Cdn) @7% $“Break-even” point = $ (Cdn dollar)= $ per Canadian dollar6.Assume that you have just taken out a $300,000 30 year mortgage with monthly paymentsat an annual 8 percent rate. At the end of the 3rd year (after 36 payments), you begin paying an additional $100 each month towards the mortgage. That is, for months 37 onward you make the scheduled payment plus an extra $100 each month. To the nearest whole number, how many additional payments (payments in addition to the first 36) must you make before the mortgage is paid off?7.8.Answer:First compute the monthly payment-PV FV Interest N Result________-300,000 0 360 360 PMT = $2,Initially, you made $2, for the first three years. After 36 payments, the remaining balance = $291,. After period 37, compute number ofadditional payments now that your monthly payment is $2,.PV FV Interest PMT Result__-$291, 0 $2, N = 281You must make 281 additional payments before the mortgage is paid off.9.The company you work for has been experiencing financial difficulties and has just filed areorganization plan. Three years ago, one of the firm’s creditors lent the firm $80,000 on a ten year annual payment loan at a 15% interest rate. Immediately after the firm made the third payment, as a result of the court settlement, the creditor agreed to decrease thecurrent outstanding balance of the loan by 20%, to lower the interest rate to 10%, and to increase the remaining term of the loan to 15 years. What will be the new annual payments on the firm’s loan, assuming all these changes take place?Answer:Under the original plan, your firm had annual payment obligations of:n i PV FV PMT Result10 15 –$80,000 0 ? PMT = $15,940Originally, your firm had to pay $15,940 per year to its creditors.After the third balance, the remaining balance = $66,318Under the new arrangement, new outstanding balance = $66,318 X= $53,054Under the new payment arrangement, annual payments are:n i PV FV PMT Result15 10 –$53,054 0 ? PMT = $6,10.Five banks offer CDs at the following stated annual percentage rates:Bank A: 10% APR compounded annuallyBank B: % APR compounded semiannuallyBank C: % APR compounded quarterlyBank D: % APR compounded monthlyBank E: % APR compounded dailyAnton has inherited $150,000 and decides to invest the money in a 20 year CD. He decides to invest the money with Bank E. If Anton had invested his money in the CD offering the best rate instead of Bank E, how much more money would he have had after 20 years?Answer:First determine the effective annual rates at each bank.Bank A: Effective Annual Rate = 10% per yearBank B: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank C: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank D: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank E: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBest Account = Bank BAfter 20 years, the FV at Bank B:n i PV FV PMT Result20 –$150,000 ? 0 FV = $1,016,Compare the above with the FV at Bank E after 20 years:n i PV FV PMT Result20 –$150,000 ? 0 FV = $981,If Anton had invested with Bank B, he would have earned $1,016, - $981, = $34, more.11.In order to care for their aged parents, Harold and Maude set aside today a capital sum tobe liquidated over the next 10 years. The desired income stream for their parents is $40,000, beginning one year from today and rising 6 percent per year each year thereafter. Harold and Maude estimate the investment earnings on the fund will be 9 percent per year. What amount must Harold and Maude set aside today to provide the desired income for their parents?Answer:Harold and Maude need to set up the following table and find the present value of the cashHarold and Maude need to set aside $324,702 today.。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(金融市场和金融机构)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(金融市场和金融机构)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第2章金融市场和金融机构一、概念题1.柜台交易市场(over-the-counter markets)答:柜台交易市场又称“店头市场”或“场外市场”,是指在证券交易所之外的某一固定场所,供未上市的证券或不足成交批量的证券进行交易的市场。

柜台交易市场因买卖双方多通过电话、电报协商完成交易,故又称之为电话市场。

柜台交易市场的特点是:①属于场外交易,在柜台或通过电讯设施完成交易;②主要交易证券为各种债券和不能在证券交易所登记上市的股票;③证券交易价格由证券买卖双方协议成交。

2.资金流动(flow of funds)答:资金流动是指资金在金融体系内的流动,即资金在金融体系中不同的参与者之间的流动,或资金从盈余部门通过金融市场或金融中介机构流入赤字部门的过程。

资金流可以通过图2-2表示。

图2-2图2-2显示,资金盈余部门的一部分资金通过银行这样的金融中介(图的下方)流向赤字部门,还有一部分资金通过金融市场(图的上方),而不通过金融中介流向赤字部门。

3.道德风险(moral hazard)答:道德风险是指在委托-代理理论中,代理人为了追求自身利益最大化而不惜损害委托人利益的行为,即代理人不能为实现委托人的最大利益而努力工作。

当一个博弈的双方签订了合约以后(如经理雇用了一个职工,股东聘用了一个经理,保险公司接受了一个投保人的投保等),存在着有关某个参与者的行动的信息不对称(如经理不能观测到职工的工作努力水平,股东不能观测到经理的工作努力水平,保险公司不能观测到投保人对被保险的物品的保护程度等)。

信息经济学将拥有私人信息的这个参与者称为“代理人”,将没有私人信息的参与者称为“委托人”。

在这种情况下,理性的代理人会从自身利益最大化的角度来决定自己的行动,而这些行动很可能不符合委托人的利益,从而是委托人不希望代理人选择的,道德风险由此产生。

4.逆向选择(adverse selection)答:逆向选择是指掌握信息较多的一方利用对方对信息的无知隐蔽相关信息,获取额外利益,客观上导致不合理的市场分配行为。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(对冲、投保和分散化)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(对冲、投保和分散化)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第11章对冲、投保和分散化一、概念题1.远期合约(forward contract)答:远期合约是指交易双方签订的在未来某一时间、以特定的价格买卖某一特定数量和质量的金融资产或实物资产的书面协议,主要有远期商品合约、远期利率协议、远期外汇合约、远期股票合约等。

远期合约规定了将来交换的资产、交换的日期、交换的价格和数量,合约条款因双方的需要不同而不同。

远期合约的主要法律特征表现为:(1)远期合约交易属于场外交易。

远期合约的金额、数量、交割日期和方式等合同要件没有统一的标准和规格,均由当事人自行协商确定。

(2)双方当事人是确定相知的,以便于双方直接磋商达成协议。

(3)缺少了交易所和结算机构提供的担保,使得远期合约交易所面临的信用风险陡增。

为保证交易的安全,要求双方对彼此的信用、财务状况比较了解。

(4)远期合约交易结算可以通过结算机构进行,也可以由当事人自行进行结算。

(5)当事人通常采取实际交割的方式来履行合同,到期进行交货或付款。

2.远期价格(forward price)答:远期价格是指资产在未来某一日期交割时现在约定的价格。

如果远期价格高于即期价格,其价差为升水;反之,为贴水。

或者是远期外汇合约(forward exchange contract)中,由交易双方所确定的远期汇率;或者是远期利率协定(forward rate agreement)中,由交易双方所确定的协议利率。

3.即期价格(spot price)答:即期价格又称“现货价格”,与“远期价格”对称,是指在交易成交后的当天或两个交易日内便进行商品(包括证券、外汇等金融商品)和价款交付时所使用的价格。

4.面值(face value)答:面值是指标注在有价证券上的票面金额。

远期合约的面值是合约确定的交易数量乘以远期价格;债券面值是指债券发行时所设定的票面金额,代表着发行人借入并承诺于未来某一特定日期(如债券到期日)偿付给债券持有人的金额;股票面值是指股份公司在所发行的股票票面上标明的票面金额,表明每一张股票所包含的资本数额。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(市场估值原理)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(市场估值原理)【圣才出品】

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第7章市场估值原理一、概念题1.基本价值(fundamental value)答:资产的基本价值是指信息充分的投资者在自由竞争的市场上购买该资产时必须支付的价格,对应于资产的“市场价格”,即由市场供求决定的资产价格。

资产的市场价格与基本价值之间可能暂时存在差别,但在进行多数金融决策时,通常是先假定在竞争市场上资产的买卖价格能正确反映其基本价值。

该假设总体上是可以得到保证的,因为有许多信息充分的专业人士一直在努力寻求价格不正确的资产,并通过减少该资产的市场价格与基本价值之间的差别以获得利润。

2.一价定律(Law of One Price)答:一价定律说明,在竞争性市场上,如果两项资产是等同的,那么它们将倾向于拥有相同的市场价格。

从理论上讲,如果国家与国家之间不存在任何形式的贸易壁垒,且商品在不同国家之间的运输费用为零,那么任何一种商品在不同国家、按同种货币计量的价格应该是完全一样的。

由于这里的“一价”指的是用同种货币计量的价格,因而就涉及到不同国家货币之间的换算即汇率问题。

因此,该定律实际上揭示了不同国家的国内价格同相应汇率之间的一种基本联系。

若S(t)代表A国即期汇率,P A(t)和P B(t)分别表示在A国和在B国某特定商品的当前价格,那么对这种特定商品来说就满足以下的一价定律:P A(t)=S(t)P B(t)。

在现实世界中,由于运输费用不可能为零,且国家之间也不可能完全不存在贸易壁垒,因此一价定律实际上很难成立。

3.套利(arbitrage)答:一价定律由一项被称为套利的过程强行驱动,套利是为了从等同资产的价格差异中赚取真实利润而购买并立即售卖这些资产的行为。

交易者在期货市场上,在买入(或卖出)某种期货合约的同时,卖出(或买入)相关的另一种期货合约,以期在有利时机同时将这两种期货合约平仓,以获取差价收益。

套利对于保持现货和期货市场之间的价格关系来说非常重要,随着套利活动的频繁进行,两市场间的价格差距会逐渐缩小,并有助于使期货合约在期满时,价差趋于消失。

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Chapter FiveHousehold Savings and Investment DecisionsThis chapter contains 28 multiple choice questions, 10 short problems, and 9 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.Getting a professional degree can be evaluated as ________.a) a social security decisionb)an investment in human capitalc)an investment in a consumer durabled) a tax exempt decisionAnswer: (b)2.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and invest $10,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (c)3.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and have $10,000 to invest. If you invest this in an ordinary savings plan instead of a tax deferred retirement plan, what amount will you have accumulated at retirement?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (a)4.When your tax rate remains unchanged, the benefit of tax deferral can be summarized in therule, “deferral earns you ________.”a)the after-tax rate of return before taxb)the pretax rate of return after taxc)the after-tax rate of return after taxd)the pretax rate of return before taxAnswer: (b)5.From an economic perspective, professional training should be undertaken if the ________exceeds the ________.a)future value of the benefit; present value of the costsb)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsc)future value of the benefits; future value of the costsd)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsAnswer: (d)6.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%.You are 35 years before your retirement date and $2,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$7,532b)$10,760c)$12,298d)$15,372Answer: (b)7.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s human capital?a)$31,797b)$35,196c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (c)8.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s permanent income?a)$31,797b)$35,196c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (b)9.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’s human capital?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,198Answer: (b)10.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’spermanent income?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,198Answer: (d)11.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year, and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. If the real after-tax rate is 2.52%, should you rent or buy?a)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $476,190b)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $309,524c)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $442,198d)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $371,429Answer: (d)12.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 2.52%. What is the break-even rent?a)$6,048b)$9,360c)$10,128d)$12,302Answer: (b)13.As one gets older, the ________ declines, so ________ falls steadily until it reaches zero atage 65.a)future value of remaining labor income; human capitalb)future value of remaining labor income; initial wealthc)present value of remaining labor income; human capitald)present value of initial wealth; optimizationAnswer: (c)14.Any lifetime consumption spending plan that satisfies your budget constraint is:a)an optimal modelb) a feasible planc) a model benefitd) a target replacementAnswer: (b)15.There is an advantage to tax deferred retirement savings plans for those ________ when themoney is withdrawn.a)who will be in a lower tax bracketb)who will be in the same tax bracketc)both (a) and (b)d)neither (a) nor (b)Answer: (c)16.In the United States, individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are called ________ rather than________ because any amounts withdrawn from the plan are taxed at the time of withdrawal.a)tax advantaged; tax deferredb)tax deferred; tax exemptc)tax advantaged; tax loopholesd)tax exempt; tax deferredAnswer: (b)17.The present value of one’s future labor income is called ________ and the constant level ofcon sumption spending that has a present value equal to one’s human capital is called________.a)human income; taxable incomeb)human capital; permanent incomec)permanent capital; taxable incomed)permanent income; human capitalAnswer: (b)18.The ________ the interest rate, the ________ the value of human capital, but the higher thelevel of permanent income.a)lower; lowerb)higher; lowerc)higher; higherd)lower; higherAnswer: (b)19.The ________ states that the present value of one’s lifetime consumption spending andbequests equals the present value of one’s initial wealth and future labor income.a)consumption budget constraintb)spending constraintc)intertemporal budget constraintd)income and spending constraintAnswer: (c)20.According to the text, many experts recommend that in making a savings plan one should aimfor a replacement rate of ________ of pre-retirement income.a)100%b)25%c)50%d)75%Answer: (d)21.Economic costs that are said to be explicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)foregone rentc)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)22.Economic costs that are said to be implicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)administrative fees while undertaking a professional degreec)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (c)23.In making lifetime saving/consumption decisions it is considered simpler to do the analysis________.a)in nominal termsb)in inflationary termsc)in perpetual termsd)in real termsAnswer: (d)24.In terms of a lifetime saving/consumption decision such as buying or renting an apartment ora consumer durable, the alternative you should choose is ________.a)the one with the lower present value of benefitsb)the one with the lower present value of costsc)the one with the higher present value of costsd)the one with the lower present value of benefits and the higher present costsAnswer: (b)25.Among the approaches you can use for saving for your retirement is/are ________.a)aiming to maintain the same level of consumption spending before and afterretirementb)aiming for a target replacement rate of incomec)bypassing graduate school and continuing to consume at the same leveld)(a) and (b)Answer: (d)26.In the equation known as the intertemporal budget constraint, ________.a)the present value of lifetime consumption spending equals the present value ofbequestsb)the present value of lifetime consumption spending and bequests equals the presentvalue of lifetime resourcesc)the present value of lifetime consumption spending equals the future value of laborincomed)the future value of lifetime consumption spending equals the present value of laborincomeAnswer: (b)27.Salman is currently twenty-five years old and plans to live to age eighty. His labor income is$75,000 per year and he plans to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Salman plans to retire at age 60. Assume the real interest rate is 5% per year and there are no taxes and no growth in real labor income. What is the value ofSalman’s permanent income?a)$75,000b)$65,906c)$85,348d)$1,228,064Answer: (b)28.You are currently renting a house for $25,800 a year and you have an option to buy it for$350,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $6,150 per year and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($4,150 of the $6,150) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. The real after-tax rate is 3.5%. What is the break-even rent?a)$16,770.00b)$16,947.50c)$21,102.46d)$24,927.54Answer: (b)Short Problems1.You are currently renting a house for $17,000 a year and you also have an option to buy it for$300,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $5,040 per year and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($3,360 of the $5,040) are deductible for income tax purposes.Your tax rate is 40%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 3.1% per year. Should you rent or buy? What is the break-even rent?Answer:After-tax outflow for property taxes each year is 0.6 x $3,360 = $2,016Cash outflow in year t = $1,680 + $2,016= $3,696PV cost of owning = $300,000 + $3,696/i= $300,000 + $3696/0.031= $419,226PV cost of renting = $17,000/i= $17,000/0.031= $548,387You would be better off buying the house.Break-even rent: X/0.031 = $300,000 +$3,696/0.031X = $12,996The break-even rent is $12,996.So if the rent is less than $12,996 per year, you would prefer to keep renting.2.You are currently renting a house for $16,000 a year and you also have an option to buy it for$250,000. Property taxes and maintenance care is $5,000 per year, and these costs areincluded in your rent. Property taxes ($3,200 of the $5,000) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 40%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real before-tax discount rate is 3.5% per year. Should you rent or buy? What is the break-even rate?Answer:Real after-tax rate = 0.6 x 0.035= 0.021After-tax cash outflow for property taxes each year is 0.6 x $3,200 = $1,920Cash outflow for year t = $1,800 + $1,920= $3,720PV cost of owning = $250,000 + $3,720/i= $250,000 + $3,720/0.021= $427,143PV cost of renting = $16,000/i= $16,000/0.021= $761,905You would be better off buying the house.To find the break-even rent:X/0.021 = $250,000 + $3,720/0.021X = $8,970So if the rent is less than $8,970 per year, you would be better off renting.3.Kieran is currently twenty-five years old, plans to retire at age sixty, and to live to age eighty.His labor income is $45,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 3%, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the val ue of Kieran’s human capital? What is the value of Kieran’s permanent income?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result35 3 ? 0 45,000 PV = $966,925n i PV FV PMT Result55 3 $966,925 0 ? PMT = $36,114The value of Kieran’s human capital is $966,925.The value of Kieran’s permanent income is $36,114.4.Mariana is currently thirty years old, plans to retire at age seventy and to live to age ninety.Her labor income is $60,000 per year, and she intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next sixty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Mariana’s human capital?What is the value of Mariana’s permanent income?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result40 4 ? 0 60,000 PV = $1,187,566n I PV FV PMT Result60 4 $1,187,566 0 ? PMT = $52,493The value of Mariana’s human capital is $1,187,566.The value of Mariana’s permanent income is $52,493.5.Your employer, Novocastrian Films, has agreed to make 60 quarterly payments of $1,000each into a trust account to fund your early retirement. The first payment will be made 3months from now. At the end of 15 years (60 payments), you will be paid 15 equal annual payments, with the first receipt to be made at the beginning of Year 16 (or the end of Year15). The funds will be invested at a nominal rate of 10.0%, quarterly compounding, duringboth the accumulation and the distribution periods. How large will each of your 15 receipts be?Answer:First determine the effective annual rate:EFF = (1 + 0.10/4)4–1= 10.38%Next, determine amount at end of year 15N I PMT Result_____________15 10.38 $4000 FV = $130,983.39At the end of year 15, there will be $130,983.39 in your retirement account.Since you will be making withdrawals at the beginning of each year, PV = $130,983/(1 +i), or $118,625.10.N I PV Result___________15 10.38 -$118,625.10 PMT = $15,935.89Each of the receipts will be $15,935.896.Mr. Palin has received a job offer from a large investment bank as an assistant to the vicepresident and Mr. Palin’s base salary will be $90,000. In addition, he will receive his first annual salary payment one year from the day he begins work. He will also get an immediate $45,000 bonus for joining the company and his salary will grow at 8 percent each year. Mr.Palin is expected to work for 20 years. What is the present value of the offer if the appropriate discount rate is 11 percent?Answer:Simplest approach is to set up a spreadsheet like:Year PMT PV@11%0 45,000 45,0001 90,000 81,081.082 97,200 78,889.70. . .. . .. . .19 359,641.75 49,514.6320 388,413.10 $48,176.39Total: $1,310,649.82The present value of the offer is $1,310,649.827.Natalia will face a tax rate of 25% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 9%. She is35 years from her retirement date and invests $5,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If shechooses to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will she be left with after paying taxes?Answer:$5,000 x 1.0935 = $102,069After taxes this leaves $102,069 x 0.75 = $76,5528.Damian is currently twenty-five years old and plans to live to age eighty. His labor income is$80,000 per year, and he plans to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Damian plans to retire at age 60. Assume the real interest rate is 5% per year and there are no taxes and no growth in real labor income. What is the value ofDamian’s human capital? What is the value of Damian’s permanent income?Answer:N I PV FV PMTResult_________35 5 ? 0 $80,000 PV =$1,309,936N I PV FV PMT Result________55 5 $1,309,936 0 ? PMT = $70,300Damian’s human capital is $1,309,936.Damian’s permanent income is $70,300.9.You are currently renting a house for $25,800 a year and you have an option to buy it for$350,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $6,150 per year, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($4,150 of the $6,150) are deductible for tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. The real after tax rate is 3.5%. What is the NPV of the investment in the house?Answer:After-tax outflow for property taxes each year is 0.65 x $4,150 = $2,697.50Cash outflow in year t = $2,697.50 + $2,000= $4,697.50PV cost of owning = $350,000 + $4,697/0.035= $350,000 + $134,214= $484,214PV cost of renting = $25,800/0.035= $737,143So the NPV of investing in the house instead of renting is $737,143 – $484,214 = $252,929.10.Carson will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%. He is32 years from his retirement date and invests $3,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If hechooses to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will he be left with after paying taxes? Show how to find the answer using the rule, “Deferral earns you the pretax rate of return after tax.”Answer:If Carson paid the initial tax he would have $3,000 x 0.7 = $2,100 to invest.Investing $2,100 at the pretax rate of 6% would result in $2,100 x 1.0632 = $13,552Longer Problems1.Tamara is currently twenty-eight years old, plans to retire at age seventy and to live to ageninety. Her labor income is $50,000 per year, and she intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next sixty-two years. Assume no taxes, no growth in real labor income and a real interest rate of 4% per year.(a)What is the value of Tamara’s human capital?(b)What is the value of Tamara’s permanent income?Answer:(a) N I PV FV PMT Result42 4 ? 0 $50,000 PV =$1,009,281(b) N I PV FV PMT Result62 4 $1,009,281 0 ? PMT =$44,261The value of Tamara’s human capital is $1,009,281The value of Tamara’s permanent income is $44,2612.You have just turned twenty-eight years of age and feel it is necessary to upgrade yourqualifications. After some consideration, you feel that undertaking full-time study for an MBA degree is one alternative. For the two years of full-time study, tuition and livingexpenses will be $25,000 per year. In addition, you will have to give up your current job witha salary of $35,000 per year. Assume all cash flows occur at the end of the year. Assume areal interest rate of 4% per year, ignoring taxes. Also assume that the salary increase is at a constant real amount that starts after you complete your degree (at the end of the yearfollowing graduation) and lasts until retirement at age sixty-five. In order to justify theinvestment, by how much does your salary have to increase as a result of getting the MBA degree?Answer:Find the FV of tuition and foregone salary at the end of two years:N i PV FV PMT Result________2 4 0 ? 60,000 FV = $122,400Find the increase in salary that has this amount as its PV:n i PV FV PMT Result_______35 4 $122,400 0 ? PMT = $6,5583.At the age of thirty Terry was earning $30,000 and decided to undertake an MBA to increasehis earning potential. Two years later Terry has his degree and has achieved a constant real increase of $5,898 in his annual salary that will last until he retires at age sixty. If Terry lives to the age of ninety, what will be the value of his human capital and permanent income?Assume a real interest rate of 2.52% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income.Answer:New base salary = $30,000 + $5,898 = $35,898n i PV FV PMT Result________28 2.52 ? 0 $35,898 PV = $714,899n i PV FV PMT Result________58 2.52 $714,899 0 ? PMT = $23,584The value of Terry’s human capital is $714,899.The value of Terry’s permanent income is $23,584.4.Juliet currently rents an apartment but has the option to buy it for $185,000. Property taxesare $2,000 per year and are deductible for income tax purposes. Annual maintenance costs are $1,800 per year, but are not tax deductible. Juliet expects that the above taxes willincrease at the rate of inflation. Her income tax rate is 35%, and she can earn a before-tax real interest rate of 5% per year. If Juliet buys the apartment she plans to keep it forever. What is the “break-even” annual rent such that Juliet would buy the apartment if the rent exceeded this amount?Answer:Real after-tax rate = 0.65 x 0.05= 0.0325 (or 3.25%)After-tax annual outflow for property taxes each year is 0.65 x $2,000 = $1,300Break-even rent: X/0.035 = $185,000 + $3,100/0.0325X = 0.035($185,000) + $3,100X = $6,012.50 + $3,100X = $9,112.50So the break-even rent is $9,112.50.5.Anton’s retirement goal is to set aside an amount of money each year into a savings accountuntil he retires so that he can withdraw $80,000 each year during his retirement. He expects to retire in thirty years and expects to live for twenty years following his retirement. Anton expects to be able to earn 9 percent per year on his account balance. Calculate the deposit Anton must make for Plan 1 and the amount of the deposit Anton must make for Plan 2.Plan 1: Anton's first deposit will be one year from today and his last deposit will betwenty-nine years from today. He intends to make his first withdrawal thirty years from today.Plan 2: Anton's first deposit will be today and his last deposit will be thirty years fromtoday. He intends to make his first withdrawal thirty one years from today.Answer:Plan 1N I PMT Result__________20 9 $80,000 PV = $730,283.65N I FV Result__________29 9 $730,283.65 PMT = $5,882.96Under Plan 1, Anton must deposit $5, 882.96Plan 2N I PMT Result__________20 9 $80,000 PV = $730,283.65(set to Begin mode)N I FV Result_______31 9 $730,283.65 PMT = $4,479Under Plan 2, Anton must deposit $4,479.6.Your 68 year old mother plans to retire in 2 years, and she expects to live independently for 3years. She wants a retirement income that has, in the first year, the same purchasing power as $60,000 has today. However, her retirement income will be of a fixed amount, so her real income will decline over time. Her retirement income will start the day she retires (2 years from today), and she will receive a total of 3 retirement payments. Inflation is expected to be constant at 6%. Your mother has $100,000 in savings now, and she can earn 9% on savings now and in the future. How much must she save each year, starting today, to meet herretirement goals?Answer:First of all, your mother needs the following payments at age 70-72:Age 70: $67,416Age 71: $71,460.96Age 72: $75,748.62At age 68, the PV of these cash flows = $165,585.90Your mother has already set aside $100,000So to calculate what she has to save:Set calculator to Begin modePV N I/Y Result$65,585.90 2 9 PMT = $34,205.097. A relative of yours has just turned 45 years old and plans on retiring in 15 years on her 60thbirthday. She is saving money today for her retirement and is establishing a retirementaccount with your office. She would like to withdraw money from her retirement account on her birthday each year until she dies. She would ideally like to withdraw $60,000 on her 60th birthday, and increase her withdrawals 10% a year through her 69th birthday (i.e., she would like to withdraw $141,476.86 on her 69th birthday). She plans to die on her 70th birthday, at which time she would like to leave $400,000 to her descendants. Your relative currently has $100,000. You estimate that the money in the retirement account will earn 11% a year over the next 25 years. Calculate how much your relative should deposit each year (at the end of each year).Answer:Between ages 60-70, cash flows look like:Year CF Get the PV of these withdrawals.6060,0006166,006272,600. .. .. .69141,476.9070400,000At age 60, PV = $717,124.72At age 45, PV = $149,882.18Relative already has $100,000Solve:N I PV Result_________15 11 $49,882.18 PMT = $6,936.888.Consider the following retirement plan. Today is January 1 and your employer will make a$100 contribution to your retirement plan at the end of January and this amount will increase by $100 each month through December 31. Thus in February you get $200 and then up to a $1,200 contribution on December 31. Thus at the end of each January, you will alwaysreceive $100 and the end of each December you will always receive $1,200. The employer will continue this contribution pattern for the next 25 years. You expect to receive a 12% quoted yield, compounded monthly, on your investments. How much money will be in your account when you retire?Answer:Determine what the monthly deposits are worth on annual basis:CF0 = 0, CF1= 100, …, CF12 = $1,200NPV = $7,182.38 at start of each year.Determine EFF = 12.68%Set calculator to Begin mode:N I PMT Result_____________25 12.68 $7,182.38 F = $1,198,4879.Assume that you are planning for your financial future and you would like to fund all of yourfinancial needs by making monthly payments into an account that will pay 10 percent,compounded monthly. You plan to make these monthly payments for a total of 30 years with the first payment to be made one month from today. How much should your monthlypayments be?You need to use the following information:You have promised your partner that you will take a trip to Europe 3 years from today.a)You estimate that the trip will cost $10,000.b)You will retire in 30 years. If you could retire today you estimate that you wouldneed sufficient funds to purchase a 15 year fixed payment annuity that would pay$50,000 per year with the first payment to be received one year after you retire. Youassume that the price you will have to pay for the annuity will be based on an interestrate of 8.5 percent.Due to inflation, you estimate that the amount of the required annual annuitypayment will increase by 4 percent per year until the date you receive the firstpayment, but the annuity payment will remain fixed once you purchase the annuity.c)Your parents have promised to give you a piece of real estate in 5 years and today thereal estate is worth $12,000. You expect that the real estate will increase in value by9 percent per year. You plan to sell the real estate as soon as you receive it and toplace the proceeds in your account.d)You have already saved $15,000, which you will place in your account today.Answer:General strategy: get PV of each of the steps and then determine the monthly payment.Step a: N = 36I = 10/12 = 0.833FV = $10,000PV = $7,417.70Step b: Find FV of payment expected to increase:PV = $50,000, I/y = 4, N = 30, FV = $162,169.88PV at t = 30 of payments (annual compounding)PMT = $162,169.88, N = 15, I = 8.5PV = $1,346,697.05This is the lump sum need at t = 30 to buy the annuity.PV at t = 0 of the retirement annuity cost (monthly compounding)FV = $1,346,697.05, N = 360, I = 0.833PV = $67,886.77Step c: Value of land: FV = $18,463.49PV of land = ?FV = 18,463.49, N = 60, I = 0.833PV = ($11,222)Negative since it reduces the value neededFinally, SUM of all t = 0 present values:$7,417.40 + $67,886.77 + (11,222) + (15,000) = $49,082.17PV = $49,082.17n = 360I = 0.833CPT PMT = $430.73Monthly payment = $430.73。

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