让步状语从句的用法
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让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”。
使用的连词
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, while, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter 疑问词,疑问词-ever,regardless of 名词/名词短语/名词从句,despite,in spite of。切记although,though 不可与but连用,但可以与still和yet连用。
用法
⑴though, although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。
这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though 较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never,the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
My will is strong though I must lower my physical sights.
尽管我得降低体育(锻炼)的目标,但我的意志是坚强的。
Though I believe it, yet I must consider.
尽管我相信这一点,但我还得考虑考虑。
Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.
虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。
Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.
他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了。
⑵as, though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
Object as you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)
纵使你反对,我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)
尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)
虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.
纵然你读得快,你也不能这么快读完这本书。
Lover of towns as I am ,I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.
尽管我爱城市,但我知道,以往的乡村生活使我受益匪浅。
Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units.
尽管原子很小,但它们由更小的单位构成。
⑶even if, even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。
这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。例如:
We’ll mak e a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷,但她还是爱他。
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷,但她还是爱他。
He seemed youthful even though he was an old man.
尽管他已经是老年人,但看上去仍然是朝气蓬勃的。
You must come in even if it's only a minute.
你一定要进来,哪怕就一分钟呢。
⑷whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果,所以它的语气是比较强烈的,从而也更加坚定了主句的内容。例如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.
不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you believe it or nitwit’s true.
无论你是否相信,这都是真的。
Whether or not they win this battle, they won't win the war.
不管他们是否能赢得这次战役,他们绝不会赢得这场战争。
⑸“no matter 疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”
它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)
无论发生了什么事情,他都不会介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.
不管你是谁,你都需要遵纪守法。