英语句子成分的划分及练习
句子成分的划分解析及练习
句⼦成分的划分解析及练习句⼦成分的划分英语句⼦成分:组成句⼦的各个部分即句⼦成分。
句⼦成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补⾜语等。
⼀、主语(subject): 句⼦说明的⼈或事物。
1.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东⽅升起。
(名词)2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。
(代词)3.Twenty years is a short time in history. ⼆⼗年在历史中是个很短的时间。
(数词)4.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
(动名词)5.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(不定式)6.What he needs is a book. 他所需要的是本书(主语从句)⼆、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1.We study English. 我们学习英语2. He is asleep. 他睡着了。
三、表语(predicative):表⽰主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,表语前⾯的动词称为系动词。
1. He is a teacher.他是个⽼师(名词2. Five and five is ten.五加五等于⼗(数词)3.He is asleep.他睡着了(形容词)4.His father is in. 他的⽗亲在家(副词)5.The picture is on the wall.画在墙上。
(介词短语)6.That sounds good 那听起来很好。
7.Tom looks thin. 汤姆看上去很瘦。
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来、吃起来)...四、宾语:动作、⾏为的对象1.I like China.我喜欢中国。
(名词)2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。
(代词)3.How many do you need? We need two. 你们需要多少?我们需要两个。
英语语法句子成分分析及练习
如:They were teachers.(他们曾是教师。
) Time flies. 〔时光飞逝。
〕这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。
主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
〔从句〕It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.〔It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语〕英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。
且谓语动词可以表达时态,单复数的语法现象。
如:They were teachers.(他们曾是教师。
) He enjoys singing songs.〔他喜欢唱歌。
〕这两句话分别由动词were 〔are 的过去式〕,enjoys singing 〔enjoy doing动词短语〕作谓语。
其中were 表达出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 表达出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。
英语句子成分的划分及练习
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│V(不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares 管它呢6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
英语语法-句子成分分析及练习
英语句子成分分析一个句子至少由两部分构成,即主语和谓语,它们是句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语(包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语),表语,定语(包括前置定语及后置定语),状语,同位语(包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语),补语。
一.主语:是一句话的中心,一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。
) Time flies. (时光飞逝。
)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。
主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
(从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。
且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。
如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。
英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案
英语句子成分(一)句子主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. It is necessary to master a foreign language.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(三)谓语:动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the bookfor two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句表示。
(完整)英语句子结构分析及练习题
句子结构分析句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here。
名词做主语She goes to school by bike。
代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
It takes me an hour to get there。
2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态。
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
分析下列句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English。
He can play the piano。
My parents and I are having dinner。
He studies very hard。
She likes speaking.I can swim in the river.We don't like math.He doesn’t watch TV.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态.一般由名词或者形容词担任。
表语的位置:用在动词be和系动词的后面.凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方,后面必定带着表语名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语.Your pen is on the desk.I am a student.My teacher is very handsome。
英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案.doc
英语句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分和练习题及答案
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│V(不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose.月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares?管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)S│V(是系动词)│P1. This │is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells│good.午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell│in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks│di fferent. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮6. The trouble│is│that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
英语句子成分划分练习及答案
英语句子成分划分练习及答案一、主语划分练习1. The cat chased the mouse.答案:The cat2. My sister and I went shopping yesterday.答案:My sister and I3. The book on the table belongs to Mary.答案:The book on the table4. Running in the park is my favorite activity.答案:Running in the park5. The students are studying for their exams.答案:The students二、谓语划分练习1. Sarah plays the piano every day.答案:plays the piano every day2. They have been traveling around the world for a month. 答案:have been traveling around the world for a month3. The teacher is explaining the lesson to the students.答案:is explaining the lesson to the students4. The dog barked loudly all night.答案:barked loudly all night5. I will meet you at the cafe later.答案:will meet you at the cafe later三、宾语划分练习1. Peter bought a new car.答案:a new car2. He gave me a book as a present.答案:me a book3. We watched a movie last night.答案:a movie4. The teacher assigned us a project for next week. 答案:us a project5. She loves listening to music in her free time.答案:listening to music四、定语划分练习1. The red dress is my favorite.答案:The red dress2. I have a black cat.答案:a black cat3. The tall man is my father.答案:The tall man4. He lives in a small house.答案:a small house5. She is wearing a beautiful necklace. 答案:a beautiful necklace五、状语划分练习1. Sarah runs quickly.答案:quickly2. He studied hard for the test.答案:hard3. The train arrived late.答案:late4. We went to the beach yesterday.答案:yesterday5. They are going on vacation next month.答案:next month六、补语划分练习1. My father is a doctor.答案:a doctor2. They elected him president of the club.答案:president of the club3. She became a teacher after graduating from college. 答案:a teacher4. The film left me feeling sad.答案:feeling sad5. The cake smells delicious.答案:delicious七、同位语划分练习1. My mother, a kind woman, always helps others.答案:a kind woman2. John, the captain of the team, scored the winning goal. 答案:the captain of the team3. My favorite band, Coldplay, is coming to town.答案:Coldplay4. My sister, an excellent dancer, won the competition.答案:an excellent dancer5. My friend, a talented artist, painted this beautiful picture. 答案:a talented artist八、介词短语划分练习1. She went to the store with her sister.答案:to the store2. He sat on the chair next to the window.答案:on the chair next to the window3. They arrived at the park after lunch.答案:at the park4. The keys are on the table in the living room.答案:on the table in the living room5. We went for a walk along the beach.答案:for a walk along the beach以上是英语句子成分划分练习及答案。
英语句子成分划分地基本概述附配套练习和问题详解
英语句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语:句子的主体Students study English.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true. 从句做主语(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It是形式主语,从句that...tree才是真正主语)(主语从句)练习:划出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.谓语:动词或者动词词组1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:Students study English2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.练习:选出下列句子中的谓语I don't like the picture on the wall.I usually go to school by bus.Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.What I want to tell you is this.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.He can speak English well.表语:系动词后面的成分名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher.形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are in the park.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语(表语从句)That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.系动词:(1) 状态: be 动词(2) 持续:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.(3) 表像:表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look(4) 感官:表示“……起来”,有feel(摸起来,感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste (尝起来,吃起来)等(5) 变化:表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run(6) 终止:主要有prove, turn out(结果是,证明是)等.如:His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.练习:划出句中表语The speech is exciting.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m tired today.That remains a puzzle.I don’t feel sad.That’s why he came here.宾语:动作承受者名/代词作宾语He never forgives others. He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语(宾语从句)I believe that they can finish the work in time.We found it necessary to study English.(it形式宾语,to do是真正宾语)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Please pass me the book. (me是间接宾语,the book是直接宾语)练习:划出句中宾语Show your passport, please.She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.宾语补足语:有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整,否则就不完整。
英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy
9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish
10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.
Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
英语句子成分的划分及练习
句子成分(Members of aSentence)什么叫句子成分呢句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose.月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, anddrink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares管它呢6. What he said │does notmatter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half anhour. 他们谈了半个小时。
英语语法:句子成分的划分与例句
英语句子的基本结构(一)主语+连系动词+表语常见的系动词有:1.“变成”的状态2.“变化”的结果可作表语的有:介词短语作表语现在分词作表语过去分词作表语名词作表语动名词作表语不定式作表语表语从句作表语形容词作表语副词作表语代词作表语数词作表语表语主要说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。
1.We are on holiday.2.They are from Shanghai.3.He is tired.4.This glass is broken.5.It becomes interesting to me.6.He became a doctor in 1999.7.He is my partner.8.Her interest is reading. 9.Her desire is to be a boss.10.My plan is that we'll be back.11. I'm tall and he's short.12.China is a developing country13.The news is exciting14.My ideal will come true.15.It is getting dark.16.Don't get excited.17.The leaves turned yellow.18. I'm feeling much better today19.We feel full of energy.20.Cotton feels soft.21.It feels cold outside.22.She looks unhappy.23.It looks like rain.24. It looks like a fine day.25.These bananas taste sweet.26.Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.27.The milk tastes sour.28.Your sentence doesn't sound right.29.It sounds quite all right.30.It sounds like a good idea.31.The music sounds wonderful32.Her face went red.33.Something has gone wrong with the machine.34.I have run short of money.35.My blood ran cold.36.The rivers are running dry.37.He seemed quite hopeless.38.He seemed to be angry.39.He seems to be eating .40.He seemed to have done it.41.It seems that you don't like it.42.The weather continued fine.43.She appeared touched at it.44.Soon he fell sound asleep.45.She fell ill in bed that day.46.This method proved quite efficient.47The rumor proved ( to be ) false.48.He stayed single all his life.49The language stayed the same.50We should keep quiet in class.51He still remains poor.52.His English remains weak.53.We should remain modest.54.It turned out ( to be ) a fine day.55.Don’t they smell nice?56.The food smells nice.57.Is it done?58.Bob lay sick.59.The sun rose red.60.He stood still.61.This winter continued damp and wet.62.The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.63.We can’t rest east until they’re safely back.64.All the time she sat silent in the corner.(二)主语+谓语+状语(有时状语也可以提前,放在主语前面)可作状语的有:副词作状语介词短语作状语不定式短语作状语现在分词短语作状语过去分词短语作状语形容词短语作状语词组作状语复合结构作状语状语从句作状语名词作状语状语大都用来说明时间、地点、行为方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较或其它。
初中英语句子成分的划分及练习
初中英语句子成分的划分及练习种谓语动词叫做系动词,常见的有be动词(am。
is。
are。
was。
were等)和感官动词(look。
sound。
feel等)。
S│V│P(系动词)1.She│is beautiful.她很漂亮。
2.He│looks XXX.他看起来很疲倦。
3.XXX flowers│XXX.花儿散发着甜香。
4.XXX XXX.蛋糕味道很好。
5.The room│feels cold.房间感觉很冷。
6.The book│seems interesting.这本书似乎很有趣。
7.The music│sounds soothing.音乐听起来很舒缓。
8.The sky│remains blue.天空依旧是蓝色的。
基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)此句型的句子除了主语和谓语,还有一个宾语。
宾语可以是名词、代词、动词不定式等,一般在谓语动词后面。
及物动词(vt.)需要宾语来补充完整的意思。
S│V│O(及物动词)1.I│love you.我爱你。
2.XXX.她买了一件新裙子。
3.They│planted some XXX.他们种了一些树。
4.XXX.他写了一封信。
5.W e│ate pizza for XXX.我们晚餐吃了披萨。
6.She│gave me a book.她给了我一本书。
7.They│built a house last year.他们去年建了一座房子。
8.XXX│taught us English.老师教我们英语。
基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型的句子除了主语、谓语和直接宾语,还有一个间接宾语。
间接宾语一般是人,直接宾语可以是物品、人或抽象概念,一般在间接宾语前面。
有些及物动词需要同时有直接宾语和间接宾语才能表达完整的意思。
S│V│O│O(及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1.She│bought me a gift.她给我买了一份礼物。
2.They│sent him a postcard.他们给他寄了一张明信片。
(完整版)英语划分句子成分练习题
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案
英语句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语:句子的主体Students study English.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true. 从句做主语(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It是形式主语,从句that...tree才是真正主语)(主语从句)练习:划出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.谓语:动词或者动词词组1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:Students study English2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.练习:选出下列句子中的谓语I don't like the picture on the wall.I usually go to school by bus.Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.What I want to tell you is this.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.He can speak English well.表语:系动词后面的成分名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher.形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold.It sounds interesting.副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are in the park.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语(表语从句)That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.系动词:(1) 状态: be 动词(2) 持续:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.(3) 表像:表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look(4) 感官:表示“……起来”,有feel(摸起来,感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来,吃起来)等(5) 变化:表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run(6) 终止:主要有prove, turn out(结果是,证明是)等.如:His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.练习:划出句中表语The speech is exciting.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m tired today.That remains a puzzle.I don’t feel sad.That’s why he came here.宾语:动作承受者名/代词作宾语He never forgives others. He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语(宾语从句)I believe that they can finish the work in time.We found it necessary to study English.(it形式宾语,to do是真正宾语)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Please pass me the book. (me是间接宾语,the book是直接宾语)练习:划出句中宾语Show your passport, please.She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.宾语补足语:有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整,否则就不完整。
(完整版)英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分及练习
句子成分句子成分是指构成句子的各种不同要素,这些要素分别由主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语来充当。
1.主语(Subject)主语句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语陈述的对象,是句子叙述的主体。
通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词或从句充当。
The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2.谓语(Predicate)谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”,说明主语的状态。
由动词或动词短语充当。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
We study English. She is singing. Mike hopes to be a doctor.3.表语(Predicative)表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样,说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句担任。
it. (代词)He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t lookFive and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)To see is to believe. (不定式)My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.4.宾语(Object)宾语表示及物动词(vt.)或及物动词短语的对象或内容。
英语语法——句子成分及练习
5.Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) 6.The rich should help the poor.
(名词化的形容词)
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词,名词) 5.He pretended not to see me.
(不定式短语)
6.I enjoy listening to popular music.
(动名词短语)
7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.
(六)宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以
外,还要有一个宾语补足语(Object Complement),才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动 词(如make等)+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名 词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短 语和从句充当。例如:
1.His father named him Dongming. (名词) 2.They painted their boat white. (形容词) 3.Let the fresh air in. (副词) 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短语) 5.We saw her entering the room. (现在分词) 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. (介词短语) 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句)
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句子成分(Members of aSentence)什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject )、谓语(predicate )、表语(predicative )、宾语(object )、定语(attribute )、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement )。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:- *■.S V(主+谓)•-*■S V P(主+系+表)-■..SV O(主+谓+宾)四:SV0O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SV O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一*■.S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy ),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi. )没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
s I V (不及物动词)1. The sun I was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon I rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe I remains.宇宙长存。
4. Weall I breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who I cares?管它呢?6. What he said I does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They I talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen I writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利基本句型二:S V P (主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词(种类)。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem 等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn 等属另一类,表示变化。
be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/ 面色好,sound nice/ 听起来不错,feel good/ 感觉好,smellbad/ 难闻S |V(是系动词)| P 1. This I is I anEnglish-Chinese dictionary.good. 午餐的气 味很好。
3. He I fell | in love.他堕入了情网。
4. Everything I looks I different.一切看来都不同了。
5. He I is growing I tall and strong.他长得又高又壮6. The trouble I is I that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well I has gone I dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face I turned I red. 他的脸红了。
there 那里'混淆 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在) 有某事物'试比较: There is a boy there. (那儿有一个男孩。
) / 前一个 there无实意,后一个 there 为副词‘那里' 。
基本句型三:S V O (主 +谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是: 谓语动词都具有实义 ,都是主语 产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的 意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动 作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做 及物动词 。
宾语位 于及物动词之后, 一般同主语构 成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代 词必须是‘代词宾格' ,如: me , him ,them 等There be 结构: There beS |V (及物动词)这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinnersmells表示‘存在有'这里的 there1. Who I knows I the answer?没 有 实 际 意 义 , 不 可 与 副 词 谁知道答案?2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He | has refused | to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He | enjoys | reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He said "Good morning." 他说:" 早上好!"7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
基本句型四:S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give 给,pass 递,bring 带,show显示。
这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。
如:Give mea cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+ 介词+ 间接宾语。
如:Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+ 介词+ 间接宾语。
如:Bring it to me,please.S | V (及物)丨o (多指人)I 0(多指物)1. She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He denies her nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片6. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
基本句型五:S V o c(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。
宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/ 代词宾格+ 名词The war made him a soldier./ 战争使他成为一名战士. 名词/ 代词宾格+ 形容词New methods make the job easy./ 新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/ 代词宾格+ 介词短语I often find him at work./ 我经常发现他在工作.名词/ 代词宾格+ 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./ 老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/ 代词宾格+ 分词I saw a cat running across the road./ 我看见一只猫跑过了马路.S V (及物)0(宾语)C (宾补)1. They appointedhimmanager. 他们任命他当经理2. They painted the doorgreen. 他们把门漆成绿色3. This set them thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They found the housedeserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What | makes | him think so? 他怎么会这样想?6. We | saw | him | out. 我们送他出去但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier )而加以扩大。
这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。
我们称之为:定语、状语一、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’ 表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no 构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something 、nothing );或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:The little boy needs a blue pen.(little 修饰名词boy ;blue 修饰名词pen. )/ 小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom 是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./ 有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./ 两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./ 这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./ 房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./ 他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./ 那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours ./ 教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./ 穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boy s of 9,andthree of 10./ 有两个9 岁的,三个10 岁的男孩。
名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen./ 男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen ./ 这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./ 这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。