《美国文学选读》(第3版)薇拉
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)笔记和课后习题详解(第14单元 弗
第14单元弗•斯科特•菲茨杰拉德14.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）F.Scott Fitzgerald(1896-1940)was born into a St.Paul middle-class family.He had education first in private schools and then at Princeton.In1917he left Princeton and enlisted in the army.But he never went to the war.During the period of15months of service in the army,he fell in love with Zelda Sayre,the daughter of a judge.Zelda told Fitzgerald that she would marry him only if he could get up in the world.In1920Fitzgerald’s This Side of Paradise was published and became immensely popular.On the strength of this one successful book,he won the expressive prize of Zelda.The Fitzgeralds were not always happy in their married life.They were also fighting each other all the time.Zelda began to have breakdowns and had to be put in a mental institution.Loneliness,alcohol and the awareness that he was dissipating his talent eventually combined to break him down.In the last year of his life,he began to write one very interesting novel,The Last Tycoon,which he never finished.In1940,he died at the age of44.Fitzgerald was essentially a1920s person.His Tales of the Jazz gave its name to this crucial period in the cultural history of America.He was the spokesman of the Jazz Age.弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德(1896—1940)出生于明尼苏达州首府圣保罗的一个中产阶级家庭。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)考研真题精选-名词解释及作品分析题【圣才出品】
三、名词解释1.Edgar Allan Poe（北航2007研）Key:Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849)was an American writer,poet,editor and literary critic,considered part of the American Romantic Movement.Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre,Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre.He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone,resulting in a financially difficult life and career.2.Santiago（北航2009研）Key:Santiago is the protagonist of The Old Man and the Sea,written by American novelist Ernest Hemingway.He is an old man who hasn’t caught any fishes for eighty-four days.On the final journey he has a fight with sharks.This character depicted by Hemingway is a typical“tough guy”.Santiago embodies Hemingway’s definition of courage as“grace under pressure”.He never loses dignity in the face of death.The glory and honor Santiago comes not from the battle itself but from his pride and determination to fight.His famous words are “A man is not made for defeat...a man can be destroyed but not defeated.”3.Walt Whitman and Leaves of Grass（南开大学2010研）Key:Walt Whitman(1819—1892)was a great American poet in the19th century. He added to the literary independence of the new nation and devoted all his life to the creation of the“single”poem,Leaves of Grass.In this giant work, openness,freedom,and above all,individualism are all that concern him. Whitman broke from the traditional iambic pentameter and wrote“free verse”. His long“catalogs”of lines gave free rein to his imagination in his life-long attempt to celebrate life in the new life.4.The Southern Renaissance in American Literature（四川大学2011研；北航2008研）Key:The Southern Renaissance(also known as Southern Renascence)was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the1920s and1930s with the appearance of writers such as William Faulkner,Tennessee Williams,and Robert Penn Warren and so on.Before the Southern Renaissance,the Southern literature was dominated by writers who supported the“Lost Cause”—the heroism of the Confederate army and civilian population during the Civil War and the supposedly“idyllic culture”that existed in the South before the war.The Southern Renaissance changed this by addressing three major themes in their works.they are1)The burden of history in a place where many people still remembered slavery,Reconstruction,and a devastating military defeat,2)theSouth’s conservative culture,specifically on how an individual could exist without losing a sense of identity in a region where family,religion,and community were more highly valued than one’s personal and social life,3)the South’s troubled history in regards to racial issues.They also brought new modernistic techniques such as stream of consciousness and complex narrative techniques to their works(as Faulkner did in his novel As I Lay Dying).5.Transcendentalism（南开大学2008研，北二外2010研；北航2010研）Key:Transcendentalism is a New England movement,which flourished from about1835to1860.It had its roots in romanticism and in post-Kantian idealism by which Coleridge was influenced.It had a considerable influence on American art and literature.Basically religious,it emphasized the role and importance of the individual conscience,and the value of intuition in matters of moral guidance and inspiration.The actual term was coined by opponents of the movement,but accepted by its members.The group of people was also social reformers.Some of the members,besides Emerson,were famous,including Bronson Alcott,Henry David Thoreau and Nathaniel Hawthorne.6.Henry James（四川大学2009研）Key:Henry James(1843-1916)is a famous American writer and one of the key figures of19th century literary realism.In his novels,he usually describes the upper class of the American society.He is also famous for psychological realism.His major works include:The Portrait of a Lady,The Ambassadors,Daisy Miller etc.7.Imagism（北外2009研；南开大学2009研；北京邮电大学2010研）Key:Imagism is a literary movement which came into being in Britain and U.S. around1910as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation.The imagists,with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image.Imagism is characterized by the following three poetic principles:i)direct treatment of subject matter;ii) economy of expression;iii)as regards rhythm,to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase,not in the sequence of metronome.Ezra Pound’s“In a Station of the Metro”is a well-known imagist poem.8.Black humor（厦门大学2010研）Key:It is a kind of writing that places grotesque elements side by side with humorous ones in an attempt to shock the readers,forcing him or her to laugh at the horrifying reality of a disordered world.It is a humor out of despair and laughter out of tears.Black humor conveys anguish and fury at conditions in which institutionalized absurdity gets the upper hand.It intends to satirize hypocrisy,racial prejudice,and above all the dehumanization of the individual by a modern society.Black humor prevails in modern American Literature.JosephHeller’s Novel Cater-22is considered a superb example of the use of Black humor.Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five is also a case in point.9.Avant-Garde（上海交大2007研）Key:Avant-garde,the French military and political term for the vanguard of an army or political movement,extended since the late19th century to avant-garde that body of artists and writers who are dedicated to the idea of art as experiment and revolt against tradition.Ezra Pound’s view that‘Artists are the antennae of the race,is a distinctly modern one,implying a duty to stay ahead of one’s time through constant innovation in forms and subjects.10.Ezra Pound and The Cantos（南开大学2009研）Key:Ezra Weston Loomis Pound(1885–1972)was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the20th century.His significant contributions to poetry begin with his promotion of Imagism.The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long,incomplete poem in120sections,each of which is a canto.Most of it was written between1915and1962,although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos,as finally published, date from1922onwards.Strong claims have been made for it as the most significant work of modernist poetry of the twentieth century.The most striking feature of the text,to a casual browser,is the inclusion of Chinese characters aswell as quotations in European languages other than English.11.“Self-reliance”（北二外2009研）Key:“Self-Reliance”is an essay written by American Transcendentalist philosopher and essayist,Ralph Waldo Emerson.It contains the most solid statement of one of Emerson’s repeating themes,the need for each individual to avoid conformity and false consistency,and follow his or her own instincts and ideas.Emerson’s ideas are considered a reaction to a commercial identity;he calls for a return to individual identity.12.First-person narrative（上海交大2003研）Key:First-person narrative is also called first person point of view,which is used in the analysis and criticism of fiction to describe the way in which the writer presents the reader with the materials of the story.The first person point of view relates events as they are perceived by a single character,“I”.The narrator“I”may be part of the action or an observer,a major or minor participant in the action.As readers,we cannot know or witness anything the narrator does not tell us.We therefore share all the limitations of the narrator.This technique has the advantage of a sharp and precise focus.Moreover,you feel part of the story because the narrator’s“I”echoes the“I”already in your own mind”.Mark Twain’s novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is presented from the first person viewpoint.四、作品分析题Passage1（人大2007研）“Prophet!”said I,“thing of evil!—prophet still,if bird or devil!—Whether tempter sent,or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,Desolate yet all undaunted,on this desert land enchanted—On this home by horror haunted—tell me truly,I implore—Is there—is there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me,I implore!”Questions:1.Give the title of the work and the full name of the author.2.Explain the implications of the underlined parts.Key:1.“The Raven”by Edgar Allan Poe2.Prophet:The speaker here calls the raven as a prophet,who can give him someclues to his puzzle of his beloved one.Implore:This word means that the speaker appeals the raven to tell him whether there are ways to cure his pain.Balm in Gilead:This sentence is quoted from the Bible,which means that whether there are some medicines to reduce the speaker’s pain.Passage2（北二外2009研）The following poem is written for the mourning of the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.Read it and answer the questions.O Captain!My CaptainO Captain!My Captain!Our fearful trip is done,The ship has weather’d every rack,the prize we sought is won,The port is near,the bells I hear,the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel,the vessel grim and daring;But O heart!heart!heart!O the bleeding drops of red!Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain!My Captain!Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores crowding,For you they call,the swaying mass,their eager faces turning;Here,Captain!Dear father!This arm beneath your head;It is some dream that on the deckYou’ve fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer,his lips are pale and still,My father does not feel my arm,he has no pulse nor will;The ship is anchor’d safe and sound,its voyage closed and done;From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult,O shores!And ring,O bells!But I,with mournful tread,Walk the deck my captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.1.The writer of this famous poem is one of the most influential poets at the age of romanticism.Can you give out his name and present his contribution in literature briefly?2.Can you enlist at least two major figures of speech used in this poem and illustrate their functions respectively?Key:1.The author of this poem is Walt Whitman.Whitman’s influence over modern poetry is great in America as well as in the world.His best works have been part of the common property of Western culture.Many poets in England,France,Italy and Latin America are in his debt.Modern American poets like T.S.Eliot and Ezra Pound would not have been what they were without Whitman.Contemporary American poetry,whatever school or form,bears witness to his great influence. For his innovations in diction and versification,his frankness about sex,his inclusion of the commonplace and the ugly and his censure of the weaknesses of the American democratic practice—these have paved his way for a share of。
陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题详解（第18单元尤金
陶洁《美国⽂学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题详解（第18单元尤⾦第18单元尤⾦?格拉斯通?奥尼尔18.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（⽣平）Eugene Glastone O’Neill(1888-1953)was the greatest playwright of US.He was born in New York.His father was a famous actor and O’Neill traveled around with his father’s group and took a year in Princeton,from which he was expelled because of misbehavior.Then he began his experience of wandering and loafing about which stand him in good stead.In the winterof1912-13he developed tuberculosis and was sent to a sanitarium.In this period he read widely in the world’s dramatic literature.In1916his one-act play Bound East for Cardiff was staged.The event marked the beginning of O’Neill’s long and successful dramatic career and ushered in the modern era of the American Theater.O’Neill was a prize-winning playwright.He received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon and Anna Christie between1920and1922,and the Nobel Prize in1936.尤⾦·格拉斯通·奥尼尔(1888—1953)是美国最伟⼤的剧作家。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)笔记和课后习题考研真题详解
陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解攻重浩精研学习网提供资料第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）Benjamin Franklin(1706—1790)was a rare genius in human history.He became everything: a printer,postmaster,almanac maker,essayist,scientist,inventor,orator,statesman, philosopher,political economist,ambassador,—“Jack of all trades.”本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是人类历史上少有的天才。
他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使等等。
1.Life（生平）He was born into a poor family.He was a voracious reader.At16he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Dogood.At17he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer.He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital,an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania,and the American Philosophical Society.He was a preeminent scientist of his day.He signed the Declaration of Independence.He was one of the makers of the new nation.富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。
《美国文学选读》(第3版)路易丝·厄德里克(圣才出品)
第27单元路易丝·厄德里克27.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）Louise Erdrich(1954—)was born in Little Falls,Minnesota,the daughter of Ralph Erdrich,a German-American,and his wife,Rita,half French-American and half Ojibwe.Both of Erdrich’s parents taught at a boarding school set up by the Bureau of Indian Affairs,and her maternal grandfather served as tribal chairman for the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians for many years.In1976,she got Bachelor of Art from Dartmouth College,and got master’s degree of literary creation from John Hopkins University in1979.Erdrich has finished13novels,in which she studies many complicated problems such as family relationship,personal identity and cultural existence of Indians and hybrid Indians.路易丝·厄德里克(1954—)出生于明尼苏达州中部的利特尔福尔斯镇，父亲是德裔美国人，母亲是齐佩瓦族印第安人，双亲都是印第安人事务局附属学校的教师，外祖父是齐佩瓦族印第安人部落的首领。
美国文学选读第三版作者与作品名
美国文学选读第三版作者与作品名1.Benjamin Franklin（本杰明．富兰克林）代表作:<自传>The Autobiography<格言历书>Poor Richard’s Almanac2.Edgar Allan Poe (埃德加．爱伦．坡)代表诗歌:<帖木尔〉“Tamerlane and Other Poems”<艾尔．阿拉夫〉“Al Araaf”<乌鸦及其他诗篇〉“The Raven and Other Poems”<致海伦〉“To Helen”Poe’s poetic theories1,The poem should be short, readable at one sitting2, Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader.3, “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”4, Poe is opposed to “the heresy of the didactic” and calls for “pure” poetry 5, Poe stresses rhythm, and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry.”短篇小说：《厄舍大厦的倒塌>“The Fal l of the House of Usher”<阿芒提拉多的酒桶〉“The Cask of Amontillado”3.Emerson 爱默生代表作:<论自然〉Nature宣扬超验主义代言人哲学《论美国学者》“The American Scholar”地位：文学界独立宣言《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address”4.Hawthorne 霍桑代表作：《红字》 The Scarlet Letter<带有七个尖角阁的房子〉The House of the Seven Gables<玉石雕像〉The Marble Faun5．Melville梅尔维尔代表作：《白鲸》Moby Dick《玛地》Mardi《白外衣》White Jacket6．Thoreau梭罗代表作：《沃尔登》Walden《论公民的不服从》“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience”<马萨诸塞州的奴隶制〉“Slavery in Massachusetts”7 whiteman:沃尔特惠特曼free verse【Free verse】 is a form of poetry that refrains from consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern.Some poets have explained that free verse, despite its freedom, must still display some elements of form. Most free verse, for example, self-evidently continues to observe a convention of the poetic line in some sense, at least in written representations, thus retaining a potential degree of linkage, however nebulous, with more traditional forms. Donald Hall goes as far as to say that "the form of free verse is as binding and as liberating as the form of a rondeau."[1] and T. S. Eliot wrote, "No verse is free for the man who wants to do a good job."[2] Some poets have considered free verse restrictive in its own way. In 1922 Robert Bridges voiced his reservations in the essay 'Humdrum and Harum-Scarum.' Robert Frost later remarked that writing free verse was like "playing tennis without a net".; Leaves of Grasmain works: “Leaves of Gras”草叶集“One’s Self I Sing”我歌唱自我“O Captain!My Captain”噢，船长，我的船长在草叶集中采用自由诗的诗歌形式，完全冲破了传统诗歌的限制，既没有诗行长短的规定也无对应的押韵，诗歌的节拍是按照日常说话的自然节奏，变化无常，出神入化，充满了个性。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)笔记和课后习题详解(第12单元 舍伍德·安德森)【圣才出品】
第12单元舍伍德·安德森12.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）Sherwood Anderson(1876-1941),a novelist,was born in Camden,Ohio,the third of seven children of his family.After his father’s business failed,the family was forced to move frequently,finally settling down at Clyde,Ohio,in1884.Partly as a result of these misfortunes,young Sherwood found various odd jobs to help his family,which earned him the nickname"Jobby."He left school at age14.Anderson moved to Chicago near his brother’s home and worked as a manual laborer until near the turn of the century,when he enlisted in the United States Army.He was called up but did not see action in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.After the war,in1900,he enrolled at Wittenberg University in Springfield,Ohio. Eventually he secured a job as a copywriter in Chicago and became more successful.舍伍德·安德森(1876—1941)是一位小说家，出身于俄亥俄州卡姆丹镇，在七个孩子中排行第三。
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第十六章至第十七章【圣才出品】
常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第⼗六章⾄第⼗七章【圣才出品】第16章安德森·斯坦·刘易斯·凯瑟·沃尔夫Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Winesburg,Ohio was written by_____.[⼤连外国语学院2007研]【答案】Sherwood Anderson【解析】《俄亥俄州的温斯堡》（或译《⼩城畸⼈》）是美国⼆⼗世纪早期⼩说家舍伍德·安德森（Sherwood Anderson）的⼀部著名⼩说。
2.Two writers played important roles in making Faulkner what he later became. _____helped him to write and publish his first novel Soldier’s Pay and_____was his idol and inspired him to write creatively.【答案】Sherwood Anderson;James Joyce【解析】安德森和乔伊斯对福克纳的⽂学创作产⽣了很⼤影响。
3.The author of Main Street is_____.【答案】Sinclair Lewis【解析】《⼤街》的作者是⾟克莱·刘易斯，他是第⼀个获得诺贝尔⽂学奖的美国⼈。
4.An American woman writer named_____who had lived in Paris since1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon,and gave them a name “the Lost Generation”.【答案】Gertrude Stein【解析】美国作家格特鲁德·斯坦因于1903年移居法国巴黎并开始组织⼀个著名的沙龙，海明威、菲茨杰拉尔德等⼈都来过这⾥。
陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分)Unit 1 Benjamin FranklinQuestions1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress? Montresor.Fortunato, one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine.Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts?Poe uses color imagery to characterize them. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, In contrast, Fortunato dresses the motley-colored costume of the court fool, who gets literally and tragically fooled by Montresor's masked motives.The color schemes here represent the irony of Fortunato's death sentence.Through the acts, words, and thoughts of Fortunato,we know He is greedy, he was lured into the dark and somber vaults just because a cask of Amontillado.This is also due to his bad habit of bibulosity(酗酒）. He lost himself on hearing the wine.At the same time, he was cheated by his enemy, which reflected his ignorance.When he heard the pretended compliment from Montresor, he became very boastful and arrogant.He was easily confused by the superficial phenomena and failed to watch out for others. He couldn’t tolerate that otherswere stronger than him.For example, Montresor always stimulated him with Luchresi who was good at connoisseur（鉴赏） in wine.Under the impulse of vanity, he fell into Montresor’s terrible trap.In fact, he was careless and foolish and didn’t find that the danger was approaching him.He looked down upon Montresor and others.He didn’t realize his foolishness until the death was coming.Talking from the appearance, Monstresor was a well-educated and “kind” businessman.He enjoyed the honor and respect in the city. But in fact, he was an evil and awful person.His inner feelings were so cruel that they even made people tremble.Under his rich appearance was the dirty soul and despicable character.We couldn’t see any glorious virtues in his mind. Instead, his heart was cold and dark.It was the revenge that threw Montresor into the deep evil valley.unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ?No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions ofAdam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life What is the implication of the description of the roses? The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities.The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder ofNature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he says, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval.Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges. One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.3.What has happened to Hester?As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl.The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解-第1~6单元【圣才出品】
第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author（作者简介）Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador, —“Jack of all trades.”本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是人类历史上少有的天才。
他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使等等。
1. Life（生平）He was born into a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Dogood. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital, an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the makers of the new nation.富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)笔记和课后习题详解(第11单元 薇拉
第11单元薇拉•凯瑟11.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）Willa Cather(1873-1947)was an American woman author who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains,in works such as O Pioneers!,MyÁntonia and The Song of the Lark.In1923she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours(1922),a novel set during World War I.Cather grew up in Nebraska and graduated from the University of Nebraska.She lived and worked in Pittsburgh for ten years,and then at the age of33she moved to New York,where she lived for the rest of her life.薇拉·凯瑟(1873—1947)是一位美国女作家，她对边疆生活的描写获得广泛认可，主要体现在《啊，拓荒者》、《我的安东尼亚》和《云雀之歌》等作品中。
1923年，她凭借《我们中的一个》获得普利策奖，该作品取材于一战。
凯瑟在内布拉斯加州长大，毕业于内布拉斯加大学。
她在匹兹堡生活工作了十年，随后在她33岁时移居到纽约，直至终老。
2.Major Works（主要作品）O Pioneers!(1913)《啊，拓荒者》The Song of the Lark(1915)《云雀之歌》MyÁntonia(1918)《我的安东尼亚》One of Ours(1922)《我们中的一个》A Lost Lady(1923)《一个沉沦的女人》The Professor’s House(1925)《教授的住宅》Death Comes for the Archbishop(1927)《死神迎接大主教》II.Selected works（选读作品）◆Miss Jewett《朱厄特小姐》It is a prose about the writer’s memories of her literary guide,Sarah Orne Jewett.Cather had deep feelings towards her.Jewett is a woman writer who had her own specific features.When Cather recalls her,she must talk about Jewett’s literary achievement.So,this article will focus on both emotional personal feelings and sharp writings of literary criticism.这是一篇凯瑟回忆文学领路人莎拉·奥恩·朱厄特的散文。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)复习笔记(第11单元 薇拉
11.1复习笔记Willa Cather(1873-1947)（薇拉·凯瑟）1.Life（生平）Willa Cather was an American woman author who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains,in works such as O Pioneers!,MyÁntonia and The Song of the Lark.In1923she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours(1922),a novel set during World War I.Cather grew up in Nebraska and graduated from the University of Nebraska.She lived and worked in Pittsburgh for ten years,and then at the age of33she moved to New York,where she lived for the rest of her life.薇拉·凯瑟是一位美国女作家，她对边疆生活的描写获得广泛认可，主要体现在《啊，拓荒者》、《我的安东尼亚》和《云雀之歌》等作品中。
1923年，她凭借《我们中的一个》获得普利策奖，该作品取材于一战。
凯瑟在内布拉斯加州长大，毕业于内布拉斯加大学。
她在匹兹堡生活工作了十年，随后在她33岁时移居到纽约，直至终老。
2.Major Works（主要作品）O Pioneers!(1913)《啊，拓荒者》The Song of the Lark(1915)《云雀之歌》MyÁntonia(1918)《我的安东尼亚》One of Ours(1922)《我们中的一个》A Lost Lady(1923)《一个沉沦的女人》The Professor’s House(1925)《教授的住宅》Death Comes for the Archbishop(1927)《死神迎接大主教》3.Selected works（选读作品）◆Miss Jewett《朱厄特小姐》It is a prose about the writer’s memories of her literary guide,Sarah Orne Jewett.Cather had deep feelings towards her.Jewett is a woman writer who had her own specific features.When Cather recalls her,she must talk about Jewett’s literary achievement.So,this article will focus on both emotional personal feelings and sharp writings of literary criticism.这是一篇凯瑟回忆文学领路人莎拉·奥恩·朱厄特的散文。
美国文学选读第三版 作者与作品名
1.Benjamin Franklin（本杰明．富兰克林）代表作:<自传>The Autobiography<格言历书>Poor Richard’s Almanac2.Edgar Allan Poe (埃德加．爱伦．坡)代表诗歌:<帖木尔〉“Tamerlane and Other Poems”<艾尔．阿拉夫〉“Al Araaf”<乌鸦及其他诗篇〉“The Raven and Other Poems”<致海伦〉 “To Helen”Poe’s poetic theories1,The poem should be short, readable at one sitting2, Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader.3, “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”4, Poe is opposed to “the heresy of the didactic” and calls for “pure” poetry 5, Poe stresses rhythm, and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry.”短篇小说：《厄舍大厦的倒塌>“The Fall of the House of Usher”<阿芒提拉多的酒桶〉“The Cask of Amontillado”3.Emerson 爱默生代表作:<论自然〉Nature宣扬超验主义代言人哲学《论美国学者》“The American Scholar”地位：文学界独立宣言《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address”4.Hawthorne 霍桑代表作：《红字》 The Scarlet Letter<带有七个尖角阁的房子〉The House of the Seven Gables<玉石雕像〉The Marble Faun5．Melville梅尔维尔代表作：《白鲸》Moby Dick《玛地》Mardi《白外衣》White Jacket6．Thoreau梭罗代表作：《沃尔登》Walden《论公民的不服从》“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience”<马萨诸塞州的奴隶制〉“Slavery in Massachusetts”7 whiteman:沃尔特惠特曼free verse【Free verse】 is a form of poetry that refrains from consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern.Some poets have explained that free verse, despite its freedom, must still display some elements of form. Most free verse, for example, self-evidently continues to observe a convention of the poetic line in some sense, at least in written representations, thus retaining a potential degree of linkage, however nebulous, with more traditional forms. Donald Hall goes as far as to say that "the form of free verse is as binding and as liberating as the form of a rondeau."[1] and T. S. Eliot wrote, "No verse is free for the man who wants to do a good job."[2]Some poets have considered free verse restrictive in its own way. In 1922 Robert Bridges voiced his reservations in the essay 'Humdrum and Harum-Scarum.' Robert Frost later remarked that writing free verse was like "playing tennis without a net".; Leaves of Grasmain works: “Leaves of Gras”草叶集“One’s Self I Sing”我歌唱自我“O Captain!My Captain”噢，船长，我的船长在草叶集中采用自由诗的诗歌形式，完全冲破了传统诗歌的限制，既没有诗行长短的规定也无对应的押韵，诗歌的节拍是按照日常说话的自然节奏，变化无常，出神入化，充满了个性。
陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）章节题库-19世纪美国诗人【圣才出品】
陶洁《美国⽂学选读》（第3版）章节题库-19世纪美国诗⼈【圣才出品】第7单元19世纪美国诗⼈I.Fill in the blanks.1.After his death,_____became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.【答案】Henry Wadsworth Longfellow【解析】亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗（1807—1882）晚年获得各种荣誉，接受过剑桥及⽜津⼤学颁予的荣誉学位。
死后其半⾝像置于伦敦威斯敏斯特⼤教堂的诗⼈⾓，他是第⼀个获此殊荣的美国⼈。
2.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s first collection of poems entitled______appeared in1838.【答案】Voices of the Night【解析】亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，1807—1882），19世纪美国最伟⼤的浪漫主义诗⼈之⼀。
他是新英格兰⽂化中⼼剑桥⽂学界和社交界的重要⼈物。
1838年出版第⼀部诗集《夜吟》（Voices of the Night）。
3.The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s writings is his translationof Dante’s_____.【答案】Divine Comedy【解析】1861年亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗的夫⼈不幸被⽕烧伤致死，这⼀直使他⽆⽐悲痛，为了摆脱精神上的重负，他投⾝于但丁的《神曲》（Divine Comedy）的翻译。
4.Life is real!Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goalDust thou art,to dust returnest was not spoken of the soul.These lines are taken from a poem entitled______.（天津外国语2013研）【答案】“A Psalm of Life”【解析】该选段选⾃朗费罗的《⼈⽣礼赞》。
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第11单元薇拉•凯瑟11.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）Willa Cather(1873—1947)was an American woman author who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains,in works such as O Pioneers!,MyÁntonia and The Song of the Lark.In1923she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours(1922),a novel set during World War I.Cather grew up in Nebraska and graduated from the University of Nebraska.She lived and worked in Pittsburgh for ten years,and then at the age of33she moved to New York,where she lived for the rest of her life.薇拉·凯瑟(1873—1947)是一位美国女作家，她对边疆生活的描写获得广泛认可，主要体现在《啊，拓荒者》、《我的安东尼亚》和《云雀之歌》等作品中。
1923年，她凭借《我们中的一个》获得普利策奖，该作品取材于一战。
凯瑟在内布拉斯加州长大，毕业于内布拉斯加大学。
她在匹兹堡生活工作了十年，随后在她33岁时移居到纽约，直至终老。
2.Major Works（主要作品）O Pioneers!(1913)《啊，拓荒者》The Song of the Lark(1915)《云雀之歌》MyÁntonia(1918)《我的安东尼亚》One of Ours(1922)《我们中的一个》A Lost Lady(1923)《一个沉沦的女人》The Professor’s House(1925)《教授的住宅》Death Comes for the Archbishop(1927)《死神迎接大主教》Ⅱ.Selected works（选读作品）◆Miss Jewett《朱厄特小姐》It is a prose about the writer’s memories of her literary guide,Sarah Orne Jewett.Cather had deep feelings towards her.Jewett is a woman writer who had her own specific features.When Cather recalls her,she must talk about Jewett’s literary achievement.So,this article will focus on both emotional personal feelings and sharp writings of literary criticism.这是一篇凯瑟回忆文学领路人莎拉·奥恩·朱厄特的散文。
凯瑟对她有很深的感情。
朱厄特是一个有自己特色的女作家。
凯瑟在回忆她时必定要谈到她的文学成就。
因此，这篇文章既有充满抒情的个人感情又有文学批评的犀利笔锋。
11.2课后习题详解1.What do you think are Sarah Orne Jewett’s poetic principles?Key:In the process of writing,Miss Jewett has two main poetic principles:the first, it is full of perception and feeling but rather fluid and formless;the second,it is tightly built and significant in design.She knows her hometown very well andwrites with those pithy bits of local speech.She writes for a limited audience, both in America and abroad.2.What does Willa Cather admire in Jewett both as a writer and as a person? Key:Willa Cather admires Miss Jewett both as a writer and as a person very much. Cather thinks that Jewett,as a person,has many charming characteristics:she is a lady in the old high sense;she has an ease,graciousness,a light touch in conversation,and a delicate unobtrusive wit;her gift with the pen was one of many charming personal attributes;she does not live to write,but lives for a great many things.As a writer,Jewett has her own writing style.She focuses on the places where she lives and loves,and makes them subject-matters of her stories. She writes with delightful humor that comes from her delicate and tactful handling of her native language.And,the distinctive thing about Miss Jewett is that she has her own individual voice.3.What do you think are Cather’s poetic principles?Key:She agrees with Walter Pater’s similar opinion that a good work should have lasting influence on the reader’s mind.She thinks that a writer’s great gift is the gift of sympathy,which can make his work fine.More importantly,a writer should have his own writing style,which is a very personal quality of perception,a vivid and intensely personal experience of life.4.What do you think is good literature?Key:In my mind,the most important quality of good literature is that it must be meaningful and valuable.We can obtain something special and new from it.If it can not achieve this,at least,it should be interesting or attractive or entertaining. Good literature should exert influence on the reader’s mind.11.3考研真题与典型题详解I.Fill in the blank.Write down the name of the author of the following work.(厦门大学2010研)O Pioneers!the author:_____【答案】Willa Cather【解析】《啊，拓荒者》美国著名女作家薇拉·凯瑟的成名作。
Ⅱ.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following pairs concerning the writer and the main setting in his/herworks is incorrect?(天津外国语学院2009研)A.Kate Chopin——LouisanaB.Willa Cather——GeorgiaC.O Henry——New YorkD.Sherwood Anderson——Ohio【答案】B【解析】薇拉·凯瑟是美国著名女作家，以自幼所熟悉的西部边疆生活为题材，创作富有地方特色的作品，而Georgia是美国东南部的州。
凯特·肖邦是美国女作家,出生于美国圣路易斯，小说背景为路易斯安那。
欧·亨利的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外，善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。
舍伍德·安德森出生在中西部俄亥俄州克莱德镇的一个贫寒家庭，作品背景为自己所熟悉的俄亥俄州。
2.Which of the following works is NOT written by Willa Cather?A.The Song of the LarkB.O Pioneers！C.The House of MirthD.Shadows on the Rock【答案】C【解析】《欢乐之家》的作者是伊迪斯·华顿。