直接引语与间接引语

中考英语语法专题《直接引语和间接引语》

（一）直接引语和间接引语的含义

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。例：

“What’s your name?” she asked. (直接引语)

Mary said she had already seen the film. (间接引语)

（二）直接引语变间接引语考点聚焦

考点一、人称的变化

直接引语变间接引语相当于把直接引语变为宾语从句。因此直接引语的人称要做相应变化。

①直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语要和主句的主语保持一致。例：

He said: “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”

He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.

②直接引语的主语为第二人称时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。例：

He said to me: “You will leave tomorrow.”

He told me that I would leave the next day.

③直接引语是第三人称为主语时，变间接引语时不变。例：

He said to me: “My sister will leave tomorrow.”

He told me that his sister would leave tomorrow.

He said to us: “They want to come.” He told us that they wanted to go.

考点二、时态的变化

当直接引语的主句为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，时态要做以下相应变化：

一般现在时→ 一般过去时

一般将来时→ 过去将来时

现在进行时→ 过去进行时

一般过去时→ 过去完成时

现在完成时→ 过去完成时

过去完成时→ 过去完成时例：

He said: “I get up early every morning.” → He said that he got up early every morning.

He said: “I will get up early tomorrow.” → He said that he would get up early the next day.

He said: “I am writing now.” → He said that he was writing then. He said: “I finished my work yesterday.” → He said that he had finished his work the day before.

He said: “I have arrived.” → He said that he had arrived.

He said: “I had been here before .” → He said that he had come to help me.

注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。例：

He said: “Light travels much faster than sound.”

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

考点三、指示代词、谓语动词和状语的变化

1.指示代词的变化

this→that

these→those

She said: “I will have a meeting this morning.” → She said that she would have a meeting that morning.

2.地点状语的变化

here→there

He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”

He said that his sister had been there three days before.

3.谓语动词的变化

come →go

She said, “I will come here tomorrow.”

She said that she would go there the next day.

考点四、时间状语的变化

now 现在→ then

today 今天 → that day

tonight今晚 → that night

tomorrow 明天→ the next day

this week 这周→ that week

next month 下个月→ the next month

the day after tomorrow 后天→ in two days

yesterday 昨天→ the day before

the day before yesterday 前天→ the day before last

three days ago 三天前→ three days before

last month上个月 → the month before 例：

She said, “I went there yesterday.” → She said that she had gone there the day before.

She said. “I will go there tomorrow.”→ She said that she would go here the next day .

考点五、直接引语是陈述句和疑问句的句式变化

1. 直接引语是陈述句

直接引语是陈述句变成间接引语，用连词that（只起连接作用，没有任何意义）引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称指示代词、时间、地点等作相应变化。例：

He said: “You can swim here.” He told me that I could swim there.

2. 直接引语是一般疑问句

直接引语是一般疑问句变成间接引语用whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等作相应的变化，变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。例：

Mary asked me: “Are you from England?”

Mary asked me if /whether I was from England.

3. 直接引语是选择疑问句

直接引语是选择疑问句，变成 whether 引导的宾语从句。句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化，变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。例：

He asked me: “Do you want a long ruler or a short ruler?”

He asked whether I wanted a long ruler or a short ruler.

4. 直接引语是反意疑问句

直接引语是选择疑问句，变成 whether 引导的宾语从句。句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化，变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。例：

5. 直接引语是特殊疑问句

直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成用原来的疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句。句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化，变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。例：

John asked me, “Where does Jim come from?” John asked me where Jim come from.