美国文学 专八人文知识复习

美国文学

第一章殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学（1617——1783）Background: 1)The first permanent English settlement in North America at James Town, Virginia in 1617

2)In 1629 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

3)Independent War (1776——1783)

Personal Literature In Its Various Forms

John Smith A True Relation of Virginia《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation《普利茅斯种植园史》

He was the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation

Early Poetry

Anne Bradstreet Contemplations《沉思集》

She was known as the “Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up”in

America.

Important Writers of American Puritanism

Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will《论意志自由》

His endeavors contributed to bringing about the “Great

Awakening（大觉醒）”.

他被认为是美国超验主义的先驱。

Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理年鉴》

The Autobiography《自传》

Authors who call for democratic government and writes for it Thomas Paine Common Sense《常识》

The American Crisis《美国危机》

The Rights of Man《人的权利》

The Age of Reason《理性的时代》

Philip Freneau The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬地》

“The Wild Honey Suckle”《野忍冬花》

He is “poet of the American Revolution”and the “father of

American Poetry”

Others

Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》

第二章浪漫主义时期的美国文学（19世纪上半叶）

Early American Romanticism

Washington Irving The Sketch Book《见闻札记》marked the beginning of

American Romanticism.

Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷传说》

He has been called the father of the American short story.

He is the first American Writer of imaginative literature to

gain international fame, so he was regarded as father of

American literature.

James Fennimore Cooper The Spy《间谍》

Leaherstocking Tales《皮袜子五部曲》

拓荒者，最后的莫西干人，草原，探路者，杀鹿者

他是第一个在大西洋两岸有影响力的美国作家

New England Transcendentalism(1840s开始)

Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature《论自然》had been called “the manifesto of

American Transcendentalism”美国超验主义的宣言

The American Scholar《美国学者》

Henry David Thoreau Walden《瓦尔登湖》

Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter《红字》He is a master of symbolism. Herman Melville Moby Dick《白鲸》

Edgar Allan Poe Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《怪诞奇异故事集》

The Raven《乌鸦》

他是侦探小说的鼻祖

(In the poetry aspect)

Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass《草叶集》

Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死神》

I Heard a Fly Buzz----When I Died《我死时听到了苍蝇的

嗡嗡声》

New England Poets

William Cullen Bryant To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》

是美国第一个赢得国际声誉的本土诗人

The Reformers and Abolitionists

Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》

She is an anti-slavery writer.

第三章现实主义时期的美国文学（19世纪后半叶）

背景：1861—1865美国内战

By the 1870s, the New England Renaissance gradually lost its influence. The age of Romanticism and Transcendentalism was by and large over. Then the age of realism arrived. American realism developed into naturalism.

Realism writers

William Dean Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》

He writers about the rising middle class.

Henry James The American《美国人》

Daisy Miller《戴茜·米勒》

The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇人的画像》

He describes the upper class. He is famous for

psychological realism.

Local Colorism Writers

Mark Twain The Adventuress of Tom Sawyer

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

The Gilded Age《镀金时代》

Life on the Mississippi《在密西西比上》

Autobiography《自传》

The Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》