2018年春季高考英语真题
2018春季高考英语试卷
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试 英语试卷卷一(选择题50分)分，共--Soundgreat.A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How7.--It’sanimpossibletaskforustofinishthebuildinginhalfayear.--Yes,itwilltake_________oneyear. A.atleastB.atlastC.intimeD.inorder 8.--IthinkMaryisasuccessfulwoman. --Iagreewithyou.Shehasnearly_______allherdreams.A. realizedB.wonC.understoodD.believed9. --_________? --Chinesefolkmusic.A.HowaboutgoingforawalkB.What’syourfavoritesportsC.HowdoyoulikeChineseD.Whatareyouinterestedin10.Wherewillthefootballgamebeheld?17.--DowningHotel.CanIhelpyou?--_________.A.I’mlookingforadressformydaughter.B.I’dliketobuyaticketfortonight’sfilm.C.I’dliketoreserveadoubleroomforthisFriday.D.I’vecaughtabadcoldandI’mfeelingterrible.18.Ifeltverytiredafteraday‘shardwork,________Iwenttobedearly.A. butB.orC.whileD.so19. --Ihaven’tfinishedmydinneryet.--Hurryup!Ourfriends________forus.A. arewaitingB.werewaitingB. hadwaitingD.waited20.--_______Ihavefoundsomewheretolive,I willsendyoumyaddress.A. UnlessB.UntilC.ThoughD.Once--24.willbuildB.hasbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuilt26.--I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate.Ther ewassomuchtrafficontheroad.--_______.A.Don’tmentio nitB.CongratulationsC.Itd oesn’tmatter D.Excuseme27.--______ofthestudentsinourclasswentto theEnglishpartyyesterday.A.ThreefourthB.ThreefourthsC.ThirdfourD.Thirdfourths28.--______politetoothers,andyouwillfind iteasytogetalongwellwiththem.A. BeingB.DoingC.BeD.Do29.2分，’’eighbor?”“Whydon’tyouwaituntiltomorrow?”saidhermom. Thenextmorningtheydecidedtobringsomecook iestotheirnewneighborandintroducethemsel ves.Theladycametothedoorandsaidhernamewa sEmilyHarris.Sheinvitedthemintothehouse. Betsyandhermomintroducedthemselvesandsta yedonlyforashorttime.“Wedon’twanttowas teyourtime,”saidBetsy’smom.”Ifyouever needanything,letusknow.”“Thankssomuch,”saidMissHarris. Afterbreakfastthenextday,Betsydecidedtov isitMissHarrisagain.Betsyrangthedoorbell butdidn’tgetananswer.Thedoorwasunlocked ,soBetsylookedinsideonlytoseeMissHarrish adtriedtoreachashelfandhadtakenafallnext toherwheelchair.BetsyrantoMissHarrisanda skedherifshewasalright.“IthinkIbrokemyarm,”saidMissHarris.Betsycalledforanambulance车）sA.AnOldWomaninaWheelchair.B.MotherandDaughter.C.WelcometotheNeighborhood.D.CallforanAmbulance.BADVERTISEMENTSLOST AredpursewithanIDcard,acreditcardandaphotoinsideCallMarySmithat555-778-6565RentingAone-bedroomapartment,fromSepremberItoDecember31NexttotheCollege of BusinessCallJACKbROWNAT555-778-6494Houseforsale$200,000builtin2010 Withtwobedrooms,abathroom,alivingroomandakitchenC.MarySmithlostherpursewithonlyanIDcardinside.D.LilyWangwantstosharetheapartmentwithaman.39.Accordingtothetext,wecanlearnthat______.A.StevenFielder’shousewasbuiltin2012B.JackBrownwantstorentanapartmentforayears.C. LilyWangwantstoimproveherEnglishD.StevenFielderwantstosellhishousefor$300,00 40.Theadvertisementscanprobablybefoundina.B 四、nce.Shewenttothecommunitythree49________amonth.WangLisaidthatshe50________(devel op)herskillswhile51______(teach)them.Wha tshelearnedfromherjobwasmuchmore52_______sheexpected.“Theytaught53________(I)ho wtocommunicatewithothers.Ilearnedtobepol iteandpatientfromtheseelderlypeople.They werevery54_____(friend)tome,”saidWangLi.“Thejobgavemeasenseofachievement(成就)，55_______（especial ）whentheysaidtome,”Thankyouforyourhardwork ！”saidWangLi. 五、职场应用（本题两个人物，共15分） ABC 公司计划召开年会。
山东省2018年春季高考英语真题及答案
资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载山东省2018年春季高考英语真题及答案地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80分，考试时间60分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题，50分）英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）-- .He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.A.Let me introduce myselfB.Let me introduce TomC.This is Tom speakingD.Have a good time,Tom--Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？--I’m so glad to hear that!A.movementsB.suggestionsC.greetingsD.treatments--Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.A.honestB.nervousC.healthyD.proud--Why do you like swimming?--Because I find _______ very relaxing.it B.one C.those D.these--_________?__Good idea.A.Why not join us in the gameB.How did you know thatC.When would you like to comeD.What would you like for dinner6.--_______beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .--Sound great.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How7.--It’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year.--Yes,it will take _________ one year.A.at leastB.at lastC.in timeD.in order8.--I think Mary is a successful woman.--I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.realized B.won C.understood D.believed--_________?--Chinese folk music.A.How about going for a walkB.What’s your favorite sportsC.How do you like ChineseD.What are you interested in10.Where will the football game be held?A.At the Sunny ClubB.At the Youth ClubC.At the City StadiumD.At the City Park11.IF Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ .A work part-timeB work six days a weekC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experienceI hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family.A doB didC doesD done-- ?---I’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A What can I do for youB How much do they costC What size do you takeD What color do you like--What did you do last weekend?---I Mount Tai with my friends.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing--I wonder_________ a film.--Once a month.A.when you seeB.where you seeC.whether you have seenD.how often you see16.--Who is the man _________by the window.--He is our English teacher.sits B.sat C.sitting D.is sitting17.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you?--_________.I’m looking for a dres s for my daughter.I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film.I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday.I’ve caught a bad cold and I’m feeling terrible.18.I felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early. but B. or C.while D.so--I haven’t finished my dinner yet.--Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.are waiting B.were waitinghad waiting D.waited--_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address. Unless B.Until C.Though D.Once--Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business.--________.Best wishes B.My pleasure C.No,thanks D.Goodbye--According to the traffic rules in our country,you_________wear you seat belt when driving.may B.can C.would D.should--It’s raining hard ,We have to ________the sports meeting till next week.put up B.put on C.put off D.should--I can’t go for a holiday this summer.--________.Neither can I B.So can I C.Nor do I D.So do I--It is said that the new training center of our school______next year.--Good news.will build B.has built C.will be built D.has been built--I’m terribly sorry for being late.Ther e was so much traffic on the road.--_______.Don’t mention it B.Congratulations C.It doesn’t matter D.Excuse me --______ of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday.Three fourth B.Three fourths C.Third four D.Third fourths--______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.Being B.Doing C.Be D.Do--The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on his research in the fields.which B.who C.that D.whose--It’s getting late. I’m afraid I have to leave now.--________.Good morning B.See you later C.Many thanks D.Here you are二阅读理解（本题10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
完整版)2018年春季高考英语真题
完整版)2018年春季高考英语真题A。
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山东省2018年春季高考英语试题与答案(绝对有答案)
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80分，考试时间60分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题，50分）一、英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）1.--.He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.A.Let me introduce myselfB.Let me introduce TomC.This is Tom speakingD.Have a good time,Tom2.--Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？--I’m so glad to hear that!A.movementsB.suggestionsC.greetingsD.treatments3.--Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.A.honestB.nervousC.healthyD.proud4.--Why do you like swimming?--Because I find _______ very relaxing.A.itB.oneC.thoseD.these5.--_________?__Good idea.A.Why not join us in the gameB.How did you know thatC.When would you like to comeD.What would you like for dinner6.--_______beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .--Sound great.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How7.--It’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year.--Yes,it will take _________ one year.A.at leastB.at lastC.in timeD.in order8.--I think Mary is a successful woman.--I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.A.realizedB.wonC.understoodD.believed9.--_________?--Chinese folk music.A.How about going for a walkB.What’s your favorite sportsC.How do you like ChineseD.What are you interested inC.At the City StadiumD.At the City Park11.IF Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ .A work part-timeB work six days a weekC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experience12.I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family.A doB didC doesD done13.--?---I’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A What can I do for youB How much do they costC What size do you takeD What color do you like14.--What did you do last weekend?---I Mount Tai with my friends.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing15.--I wonder_________ a film.--Once a month.A.when you seeB.where you seeC.whether you have seenD.how often you see16.--Who is the man _________by the window.--He is our English teacher.A.sitsB.satC.sittingD.is sitting17.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you?--_________.A.I’m looking for a dress for my daughter.B.I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film.C.I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday.D.I’ve caught a bad cold and I’m feeling terrible.18.I felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early.A.butB. orC.whileD.so19.--I haven’t finished my dinner yet.--Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.A.are waitingB.were waitingB.had waiting D.waited20.--_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address.A.UnlessB.UntilC.ThoughD.Once21.--Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business.--________.A.Best wishesB.My pleasureC.No,thanksD.Goodbye22.--According to the traffic rules in our country,you_________wear you seat belt when driving.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should23.--It’s raining hard ,We have to ________the sports meeting till next week.A.put upB.put onC.put offD.should24.--I can’t go for a holiday this summer.--________.A.Neither can IB.So can IC.Nor do ID.So do I25.--It is said that the new training center of our school______next year.--Good news.A.will buildB.has builtC.will be builtD.has been built26.--I’m terribly sorry for being late.There was so much traffic on the road.--_______.A.Don’t mention itB.CongratulationsC.It doesn’tmatter D.Excuse me27.--______ of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday.A.Three fourthB.Three fourthsC.Third fourD.Third fourths28.--______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.A.BeingB.DoingC.BeD.Do29.--The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on his research in the fields.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whose30.--It’s getting late. I’m afraid I have to leave now.--________.A.Good morningB.See you laterC.Many thanksD.Here you are二阅读理解（本题10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
山东省2018年春季高考英语真题
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试All football lovers are welcome!A.At the Sunny ClubB.At theYouth Club英语试卷 C.At the City Stadium D.Atthe City Park11.IF Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to________ .本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80 分，考试时间60 分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
DRIVER WANTED卷一（选择题，50分）Full-time,5 days aweek$ 20 per hour一、英语知识运用（本题30 个小题，每小题 1 分，共30 分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项 5 years’experience with a driver’s license符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）Call Susan at 555-778-6356 1. --.He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.A.Let me introduce myselfB.Let me introduce TomA work part-timeB work six days a weekC.This is Tom speakingD.Have a good time,TomC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experience2. --Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？12. I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family. --I’m so glad to hear that!A doB didC doesD doneA.movementsB.suggestionsC.greetingsD.treatments13. -- ?3. --Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.---I’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A.honestB.nervousC.healthyD.proudA What can I do for youB How much do they cost4. --Why do you like swimming?C What size do you takeD What color do you like--Because I find _______ very relaxing.14. --What did you do last weekend?A. itB.oneC.thoseD.these---I Mount Tai with my friends.5. --_________?A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing __Good idea.15.--I wonder_________ a film.A.Why not join us in the gameB.How did you know that--Once a month.C.When would you like to comeD.What would you like for dinnerA.when you seeB.where you see6.--_______beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .7. C.whether you have seen D.how often you see --Sound great.16.--Who is the man _________by the window.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How--He is our English teacher.7.--It’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year.A. sitsB.satC.sittingD.is sitting--Yes,it will take _________ one year.17.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you?A.at leastB.at lastC.in timeD.in order--_________.8.--I think Mary is a successful woman.A. I’m looking for a dress for my daughter. --I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.B. I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film. A. realized B.wonC.understoodD.believedC. I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday. 9. --_________?D. I’ve caught a bad cold and’I m feeling terrible. --Chinese folk music.18.I felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early.A.How about going for a walkB.What’s your favorite sportsA. butB. orC.whileD.so C.How do you like Chinese D.What are you interested in19. --I haven’t finished my dinner yet.10.Where will the football game be held?11. --Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.FOOTBALL GAMEA. are waitingB.were waitingBetween the Sunday Club & the Youth ClubB. had waiting D.waitedOn Friday ,May 18 20. --_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address.7:00 p.m.---9:00 p.m. A. Unless B.Until C.Though D.Once12. --Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business. and had taken a fall next to her wheelchair.Betsy ran to Miss Harris and asked her if she was alrig“ht.I think I13.--________. broke my arm,”said Miss Harris.Betsy called for an ambulance救( 护车）.Miss Harris was soon taken to theA. Best wishesB.My pleasureC.No,thanksD.Goodbye hospital.When Miss Harris returned home from hospital on Sunday,she went to Betsy ’s house and thanked14. --According to the traffic rules in our country,you_________wear you seat belt when driving. her,“You are a very kind girl.I’m so lucky to have bought this house next to you! ”Betsy smiled the biggestA. mayB.canC.wouldD.should smile and said”, Welcome to the neighborhood.”15. --It’s raining hard ,We have to ________the sports meeting till next week.A. put upB.put onC.put offD.should 31.How long was the Roger house empty?16. --I can’t go for a holiday this summer. A.One week B.One month C.Three months D.Six months.--________. 32.Who was living in the Roger house?A. Neither can IB.So can IC.Nor do ID.So do I A.Betsy and her mom B.Just Miss Harris.17. --It is said that the new training center of our school______next year. C.Miss Harris and her brother D.Miss Harris and a dog.--Good news. 33.How did Miss Harris describe Betsy at the end of the story?A. will buildB.has builtC.will be builtD.has been built A.Noisy B.Shy C.Naughty D.Kind18. --I’m terribly sorry for being late.There was so much traffic on the road. 34.According to the text,we can learn that people in the neighborhoodshould________.--_______. A.often interrupt others B.help each otherA. Don’t mention itB.CongratulationsC.It doesn’t matter C.share some cookiesD.mind their own businessD.Excuse me 35. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?19. --______ of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday. A. An Old Woman in a Wheelchair. B. Mother and Daughter.A. Three fourthB.Three fourthsC.Third fourD.Third fourths C. Welcome to the Neighborhood. D. Call for an Ambulance.20. --______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.A. BeingB.DoingC.BeD.Do21. --The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on his research in the fields.A. whichB.whoC.thatD.whose22. --It’s getting late. I’m afraid I have to leave now.--________.A. Good morningB.See you laterC.Many thanksD.Here you are二阅读理解（本题10 个小题，每小题 2 分，共20 分）在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项B字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
2018年上海春季高考题
2018年上海春季高考第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。
AHorniman Museum and GardensThe Horniman Museum and Gardens is a fascinating,family-friendly attraction in South London’s Forest Hill. It has been open since Victorian times when Frederick John Horniman first opened his house and extraordinary collection of objects to visitors. It includes internationally important collections of anthropology (人类学) and musical instruments, as well as a highly praised aquarium (水族馆) and natural history collection. Unusually in such an important museum, you can see the collection up close and face to face. You can even pick up, try on and play with some of the objects. Visitors come time and time again to explore the museum, take part in various activities and enjoy the 16-acre gardens.Join Horniman membersBecome a member of the Horniman Museum and Gardens and enjoy a year of inspiration, surprise and enjoyment at our wonderfulfamily-friendly Museum and Gardens. By joining as a member, you will receive some fantastic benefits.Join today with just £20 and receive:·Free entry to the aquarium. Enjoy free, unlimited entry to our much-loved aquarium.·Free entry to exhibitions. Explore the world with free, unlimited entry to our exhibitions.·10% discount at the shop. Bring some of the Horniman’s magic home with a 10% discount in our shop.·Free e-newsletter. Learn more about what’s happening at the Horniman and be the first to hear about upcoming members’ events.How to join Horniman membersYou can join Horniman members online or by visiting the Ticket Desk at the Horniman.·Save £4 if you pay yearly by direct debit (银行自动扣款)—download the form, and either post to us or bring to the Ticket Desk.·Remember all children under 3 go free throughout the museum. 21.What do we know about the HornimanMuseum and Gardens?A.People can visit it free of charge anytime.B.It was started by Horniman in Victorian times.C.There are many rare animals and plants in it.D.It offers unusual exhibits that cannot be touched.22.What benefits can the members of the Horniman get?a. Enjoying a 10% discount on admission.b. Entering the aquarium for free for a year,c. Visiting the museum for free all the time.d. Being kept informed of the newest information.A.a，bB.b, dC.a, dD.a, c23.How much should Mr. and Mrs. Smith pay yearly by direct debit to join Horniman members with their 2-year-old son?A.£32.B.£20.C.£40.D.£48.BTwenty-five years ago, as a parent educator, I began reading about the dangers of praise. I was completely shocked by what I was learning: praise is not good for kids. How could that be? So I spent years talking with experts, reading about the effects of praise, and finally decided to close the door on praise and focus on building an encouraging family.Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, “How can that be? How can saying ‘Good job’ or ‘You’re smart’ be bad?” I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.If we tell a boy “You are smart!” when he brings home an A in his math test, how does he feel when he comes home with a D? If we’ve told him that he is smart, then he will more likely feel a failure when he struggles with homework—“I’m supposed to be smart. Why can’t I do this?”Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a “great job” they are doing. This dependency damages children’s confidence. Praise trains children to ask, “Do you like it?” “Did I do a good job?” They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes.Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children. Without even realizing it, parents may be using praise as a tool to direct the child’s behavior. The message is clear — I approve of you when you ... and I don’t approve of you when you ... Living with this kind of constant judgment damages the relationship.The solution to the problem of praise is encouragement. Encouragement can be given at any time, to anyone, in any situation. It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice. Hearing “You are smart!” can leave a child at a loss when they don’t do well. Using “T hat took a lot of work to come home with an A in your test …” gives a child the chance to be something else.24.What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?A.Many parents can’t get on well with their children.B.The author never shows any approval to his children.C.The author spent 25 years changing people’s opinion on praise.D.It’s hard for many parents to believe praise is harmful.25.According to the passage, it seems that parents’ praise ______.A.can lead to children’s being smartB.helps them get along well with their childrenC.is a good tool to educate their childrenD.might have just the opposite effect26.Which of the following is a good example of encouragement?A.You didn’t think you could finish on time, but you did.B.You are the best artist I have ever seen.C.You have a problem and you have to fix it.D.You are very good at math.27.What can be the best title for the passage?A. A study on praise and encouragementB.Mind your words when praising your childrenC.Replace praise with your encouragementD.The difference between praise and encouragementCSeventy-three-year-old George McNeilon selected his food in Value Mart very carefully. After leaving the cashier, he calculated that he had saved 80 cents and thought that he had got good value for his money again.At the exit, the chilly wind reminded him of his gloves. “Where are they?” He searched here and there, but nowhere could he find them. George was sure he was wearing them when he entered the store. It was obvious that they must have been dropped somewhere inside the store.George bought the gloves at a 25% discount, for just $30, ten years ago. They were genuine lambskin (小羊皮). Until then, he had worn cheaper ones that lasted no more than three years. His impulsive decision to buy the expensive gloves turned out to be a good one, which even promoted hissocial status on the bus, as passengers stared at him enviously for six months out of the year. He enjoyed being envied.Bad luck, George thought, to lose his gl oves on New Year’s Eve. He, calm on the outside but frantic in the inside, reentered the store. Several minutes of search turned out to be in vain. “Society has changed. People have changed…’’ he murmured to himself. “Years ago, if people picked up somethi ng lost, they would give it back.”Back home, George was at a loss. In deep winter, he could not do anything without a pair of gloves.After the holiday, George decided to buy another pair of leather gloves. Before boarding the subway, he stepped into Value Mart again to see if by any chance his gloves had been returned to the lost and found office.“What color are they?” the woman in the office asked.“Black,” he answered.She looked into her drawer and drew out a pair of men’s leather gloves.“Are they?”“Yes! Those are mine!”28.What is the most probable reason for George’s shopping?A.To kill time in Value Mart as usual.B.To prove how wise he was with money.C.To prepare for the coming New Year.D.To see whether there were gloves on sale.29.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “frantic” in Para. 4?A.Ashamed.B.Anxious.C.Afraid.D.Angry.30.What do we know about old George McNeilon?A.Economical but vain.B.Clever but simple.C.Pure but impolite.D.Warmhearted but poor.31.What can be inferred from the passage?A.In daily life, accidents will happen.B. A penny saved is a penny earned.C.Never ever jump to conclusions.D. A loss may turn out to be a gain.DThe sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an Internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services.The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airbnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts’ neighbors. Hot els are regularly inspected to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don’t form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections.Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting thefts. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors.The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently in disputes over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements imposed on standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers’ ability to earn a minimum wage.This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, but that doesn’t mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect.32.What is the positive thing about the sharing economy?A.It is a globaltrend.B.It is beyond regulations.C.It brings in modest profits.D.It takes advantage of spare resources.33.What is the problem with Airbnb customers according to the passage?A.They can be noisy to hosts’ neighbours.B.They are likely to commit thefts.C.They are allowed not to pay taxes.D.They are not regularly inspected.34.What is the argument over Uber according to the passage?A.Whether it provides reliable services.B.Whether it guarantees customers’ safety.C.Whether it lowers customers’ expenses.D.Whether it can compete with standard taxis.35.What will be talked about in the following paragraphs?A.Existing regulations and laws.B.Further development of Airbnb and Uber.C.Necessary improvements of current laws.D.More downsides of Airbnb and Uber.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省2018年春季高考英语真题
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80分，考试时间60分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题，50分）一、英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）1. -- .He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.me introduce myself me introduce Tomis Tom speaking a good time,Tom2.--Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English--I’m so glad to hear that!3.--Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.4.--Why do you like swimming--Because I find _______ very relaxing.A.it5.--___________Good idea.not join us in the game did you know thatwould you like to come would you like for dinnerthe park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .--Sound great.a a’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year. --Yes,it will take _________ one year.least last time orderthink Mary is a successful woman.--I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.A.realized9.--_________--Chinese folk music.about going for a walk ’s your favorite sports1122do you like Chinese are you interested in will the football game be heldthe Sunny Club the Youth Clubthe City Stadium the City ParkBob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ .A work part-timeB work six days a weekC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experience12. I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family.A doB didC doesD done 13. -----I ’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs. A What can I do for you B How much do they cost C What size do you take D What color do you like14. --What did you do last weekend---IMount Tai with my friends.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing15. --I wonder_________ a film. --Once a month.you see you see you have seen often you see is the man _________by the window. --He is our English teacher.A. sits sitting I help you--_________.A. I ’m looking for a dress for my daughter.B.I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film.C.I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday.D.I’ve caught a bad cold and I’m feeling terrible.felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early.A.butB. or19.--I haven’t finished my dinner yet.--Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.A.are waiting waitingB.had waiting20.--_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address.A.Unless21.--Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business.--________.A.Best wishes pleasure ,thanks22.--According to the traffic rules in our country,you_________wear you seat belt when driving.A.may 23.--It’s raining hard ,We have to ________the sports meetingtill next week.A.put up on off24.--I can’t go for a holiday this summer.--________.A.Neither can I can I do I do I25.--It is said that the new training center of ourschool______next year.--Good news.A.will build built be built been built26.--I’m terribly sorry for being was so much traffic on theroad.--_______.A.Don’t mention itdoesn’t matter me27.--______ of the students in our class went to the English partyyesterday.A.Three fourth fourths four fourths28.--______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to getalong well with them.A.Being3329.--The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on his research in the fields.A.which30.--It’s getting late. I’m afraid I have to leave now.--________.A.Good morning you later thanks you are二阅读理解（本题10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
2018年上海市春考高考英语试卷(精校Word版含答案)
2018年上海市普通高校春季招生统一文化考试英语试卷考生注意：1.本场考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
2.作答前，在答题纸正面填写姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名。
将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。
3.所有作答必须涂在或书写在答题纸上与试题号对应的区域，不得错位。
在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4.用2B铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。
第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Her working all day long. B.The family reunion.C.The annoying housework.D.The intense schedule.2. A.The kids were frightened by the movie.B.The kids enjoyed the movie.C.The movie is not suitable for kids to see.D.The movie is quite boring.3. A.She is drinking tea at a table. B.She is interested in reading magazines.C.She likes the pictures in the magazines.D.She doesn’t know any Chinese.4. A.Supermarket. B.Drug store. C.Barber shop. D.Shopping center.5. A.He likes cooking food himself. B.He thinks frozen food is healthier.C.He accepts the woman’s invitation.D.He prefers to buy frozen food.6. A.A full-time student. B.An exchange student.C.A visiting scholar.D.A part-time student.7. A.She is bossy. B.She is shy.C.She is arrogant(傲慢的).D.She is trustworthy.8. A.He’s a teacher. B.He’s a writer.C.He’s a businessman.D.He’s a journalist.9. A.1 hour. B.2 hours. C.3 hours. D.4 hours.10. A.The bad weather stopped him. B.His shoes were worn out.C.He didn’t like the hiking trip.D.He’s too tried to continue.Section BDirections: In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and conversation will beread twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A.They became more active in water.B.Symptoms of depression disappeared.C.Their digestion developed.D.They suffered from depression.12. A.Neon lights. B.Kindle screens.C.Overweight.D.Closed window curtains.13. A.Turn off all the electronic devices. B.Read a book and drink some water.C.Take some sleep pills.D.Go on a diet and lose some weight. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.71% of the poor live a day with less than ten dollars.B.The population of people live in poverty has decreased in the past decade.C.Economic growth has made global poverty worse than before.D.The middle class are now one step away from poverty.15. A.The middle class has expanded in the 111 countries.B.The number of middle class has increased but it is not a global phenomenon.C.Great progress has been made for the people in poverty with impressive results.D.Once getting out of poverty,those people will live a better life.16. A.The middle class would not allow those poor to make a better living.B.Whatever progress is made,nothing will be changed.C.Good changes are too tiny to make those poor live a totally different life.D.Developed countries suffer from the question from both poverty and the middle class. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A.A thunderstorm accident. B.A cable emergency.C.An appointment on Saturday.D.A computer system breakdown.18. A.Lightning. B.Power failure. C.Cable cut. D.System failure.19. A.Plug the TV off. B.Keep the cable connected.C.Stay at home.D.Call the cable center for sure.20. A.On Saturday morning. B.On Saturday afternoon.C.On Tuesday morning.D.On Tuesday afternoon.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons,Evan and Alex,each left for college,and I do.The kitchen calendar looks spare.Rarely (21)__________ I need to prepare family dinner every day.There is a lot (22)__________ (little) laundry.When the boys were infants,I wondered how I (23)__________ (spend) all the hours beforethey were born.(24)__________ __________ I have those hours back,I can focus on my own needs.I had also expected to worry about them when they were away.And I do.Did they get their flu shots(流感疫苗注射)?Will they remember the talks about “good choices”?On the other hand,the worry is mixed with relief.I have seen (25)__________ vigorously they grow without me.Do I missed them?Yes.Both more and less than I’d guessed.Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life?No,because over the year,I took great pride (26)__________ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs.But,surprisingly,yes.(27)__________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing comes at unexpected moments:seeing the school bus drive by,starting to put too many plates on the table...When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects,I can only say, “I’m sure you will figure it out.”And yet,the spaces (28)__________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I’ve found.I now have the chance (29)__________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will.As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30)__________ the boys used to live look vacant.I feel sadness but also joy.I knew they would leave,but they will find their way back.My home is empty.But overflowing.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It’s easy to defend a fortress(堡垒),but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both (31)__________ and well-fortified, the classic Europe castle is the pinnacle(小尖顶) of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the (32)__________ of our culture.Castles were (33)__________ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror (34)__________ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English (35)__________. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both (36)__________ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom(领地). That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they (37)__________ and pay tribute to the lord. They would (38)__________ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39)__________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily (40)__________ of the lord's strength.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Humans hate markedly to give workers more than they deserve,and indeed many will settle for less to compensate work equitably.But is this impulse (41)__________?Perhaps not,says psychological scientist Marie Schafer in Germany.According to Schafer,nobody has ever looked at how young children from different (42)__________ think about merit when sharing rewards.There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western concept and value,so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test,studying the (43)__________ of children,four to 11 years old,in three different cultures.The idea was to test how much the children valued merit.So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch,and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted—without adults in the room to influence them.If they valued merit,children should (44)__________ the sweets according to shares of the catch.That is,if they had landed the same number of fish,they wold choose to reward each one (45)__________,but if one fared much better at fishing,rewards would also be disproportionate.In the case where they were simply given the fish,rewards should be unrelated to catch size—since no effort was involved.(46)__________ matters.That’s the main finding among many from the study,as described in a forthcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science.The German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to (47)__________,even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards.By contrast,children from the two rural African forager(狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all.These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species,and that (48)__________ is culturally defined.But why?The scientists offer some (49)__________ on this.It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany,a meritocracy is (50)__________ for regulating transactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again.The focus is on equitable interactions,because things won’t be “evened out”in the future.In small scale societies,(51)__________,most exchanges take place between people who are (52)__________ with one another.It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity—rather than to insist on equity in a single transaction.In egalitarian forager societies,such as the Haillom,(53)__________ is an important leveling mechanism,(54)__________ asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony.Children may internalize these social values early on,and apply them even when the fishing trip is (55)__________.41. A.unblocked B.universal C.unconscious D.unique42. A.cultures B.cases panies D.aspects43. A.mood B.behavior C.emotion D.habit44. A.collect B.load C.stress D.distribute45. A.really B.deliberately C.equally D.happily46. A.Scene B.Object C.Culture D.Trend47. A.productivity B.benefit C.interest D.survey48. A.tiredness B.business C.thickness D.fairness49. A.feelings B.thoughts C.lives D.emotions50. eful B.major C.small D.important51. A.in a word B.in addition C.by contrast D.what’s more52. A.familiar B.delighted C.satisfied D.same53. A.cooperating B.smiling C.equaling D.sharing54. A.forcing B.judging C.balancing D.experiencing55. A.creative B.imaginary C.innovative D.logicSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)We Have a Painter to Thank for YellowstoneBefore artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park,it was seen as an unhappy place.After,it was market as a wonderland.Before Thomas Moran arrived,Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh,will place pocked with hellish geysers.After the painter’s work was finished,Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U.S. government survey of the region.For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape’s most stunning sights.The survey results,Jackson’s photos,and Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,”says Eleanor Harvey,senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park,the world’s first.By April,Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-12-foot painting.The gold-splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone”attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,”declared the Ladies’Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white.”Though Moran later painted Lake Superior,the Grand Canyon,and the Rockies,hsi reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,”for Thomas “Yellowstone”Moran.56.What can we know about Yellowstone according to the passage?A.It was a popular park with geysers before Thomas Moran finished transformation.B.It was an imagination of a harsh and wild place.C.It became a national park with the efforts of Moran and Jackson.D.It is an attractive grand valley.57.What does the “pocked” mean in the first sentence (paragraph 2)?A.Packed.B.Dotted.C.Blocked.D.Stuck.58.What are the characteristics of Thomas Moran’s paintings about Yellowstone Park?A.Paying attention to color rendering of paintings.B.His magnificent and wonderful paintings.C.His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone Park.D.His paintings with nothing special.59.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The Significance of Thomas Moran’s paintings to Yellowstone Park.B.How Yellowstone Park is established as a National Park.C.The Great Painter—Thomas Moran.D.The process of Yellowstone Park being labelled as a fairyland.(B)Why UPS Trucks (Almost) Never Turn LeftBy favoring right-hand turns at all times—unless a left is unavoidable—the carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year,and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20,000 passenger cars.The practice started decades ago,before computers and GPS,and is now managed by a software that conjures the most efficient route for each truck.What’s wrong with turning left?Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on right-hand driving roads,such s those in the U.S.“Left-turning traffic typically has to turn against a flow of oncoming vehicles,”explains Tom Vanderbilt,author of the book “Traffic:Why we drive the way we do.”“This can not only be dangerous,but makes traffic build up,unless you install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’,which is fine but basically adds 30 or 45 seconds to everyone else’s single time,”he said.A study on crash factors in intersection-related accidents from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Association shows that turning left is one of the leading “critical pre-crash events”(an event that made a collision inevitable),occurring in 22.2 percent of crashes,as opposed to 1.2 percent for right turns.About 61 percent of crashes that occur while turning or crossing an intersection involve left turns,as opposed to just 3.1 percent involving right turns.Left turns are also three times more likely to kill pedestrians than right ones,according to data collected by New York City’s transportation planners.The right way to save fuel“A left-hand turn is also less fuel efficient,”said Jack Levis,UPS Senior Director of Process Management, “because your car’s idling(未熄火) longer,which is also not good for your vehicle.”（此处应有图片）UPS does not ban left turns outright,says Levis: “We will make left hand turns,but not ones that are unnecessary.We don’t need to go in circles all day long by making only right hand turns.We have tools analyze the number of left hand turns for each route,and we can work out which ones are avoidable.”The procedure is now incorporated in most countries around the world.To this end,the carrier created its own maps,which it says are more accurate that commercially available ones: “We can differentiate more important left-hand turns from unimportant ones.Google Maps has no concept of not making a left-hand turn,it just shows the most direct way to reach your destination.We have the ability to penalize some of those,”Levis told CNN.The system knows about parking lots,private driveways,variable speed limits and roads that are inaccessible for a truck.The software can give an undesirable left turn a penalty that adds 20 seconds to the estimated route time.In that case,going around the block and turning always right might offset that 20-second penalty: “We were able to turn off left hand turns,” said Levis.Taking a longer route while still saving time and fuel might sound confusing,even to UPS drivers,according to Vanderbilt: “I’ve actually been to UPS’s logistics center and discussed this with their lead engineers,”he said.“A lot of individual drivers felt the new routing software was making their trips longer,but they were later proven wrong.This is the thing about traffic,it’s such a complex system that often the individual cannot get a sense of the overall efficiency of the system,and optimize accordingly.It’s also one of the counter intuitive, ‘slower-is-faster’ effects you often see in traffic.”The rule,says Levis,can also be applied to left-hand driving countries,such as Australia and the UK,where it discourages right-hand turns.60.How much resources can UPS trucks save by avoiding turning left?A.UPS trucks will consume millions of gallons of fuel.B.The emission of UPS trucks is equivalent to that of over 2000 passenger cars.C.UPS trucks estimate to save 100,000 metric tons of CO2 emission a year.D.UPS trucks estimate an increase of 6 to 8 miles per route.61.In Tom Vanderbilt’s View,how to Deal with the Left Turn Problem in the United States?A.Install a dedicated left turn phase.B.Traffic planners manage road conditions.C.Operators make their own traffic maps.D.National policy encourages left turn of vehicles.62.Which of the following options is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.It’s unsafe to turn left on right-hand driving roads.B.Turning left is resource-efficient on right-hand driving roads.C.Left turning is likely to cause traffic accidents.D.Left-turn is discouraged in all countries.(C)“Is data the new oil?”asked proponents of big data back in 2012 in Forbes magazine.By 2016,and the rise of big data’s turbo-powered cousin deep learning,we had become more certain: “Data is the new oil,”stated Fortune.Amazon’s Neil Lawrence has a slightly different analogy:Data,he says,is coal.Not coal today,though,but coal in the early days of the 18th century,when Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine.A Devonian ironmonger,Newcomen built his device to pump water out of the south west’s prolific tin mines.The problem,as Lawrence told the Re-Work conference on Deep Learning in London,was that the pump was rather more useful to those who had a lot of coal than those who didn’t:it wasgood,but not good enough to buy coal in to run it.That was so true that the first of Newcomen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine,but in coal works near Dudley.So why is data coal?The problem is similar:there are a lot of Newcomens in the world of deep learning.Startups like London’s Magic Pony and SwiftKey are coming up with revolutionary new ways to train machines to do impressive feats of cognition,from reconstructing facial data from grainy images to learning the writing style of an individual user to better predict which word they are going to type in a sentence.And yet,like Newcomen,their innovations are so much more useful to the people who actuall copious(丰富的) amounts of raw material to work from.And so Magic Pony is acquired by Twitter,SwiftKey is acquired by Microsoft and Lawrence himself gets hired by Amazon from the University of Sheffield,where he was based until three weeks ago.But there is a coda to the story:69 years later,James Watt made a nice tweak to the Newcomen steam engine,adding a condenser to the design.That change,Lawrence said, “made the steam engine much more efficient,and that’s what triggered the industrial revolution.”Whether data is oil or coal,then,there’s another way the analogy holds up:a lot of work is going into trying to make sure we can do more,with less.It’s not as impressive as teaching a computer to play Go or Pac-Man better than any human alive,but “data efficiency”is a crucial step if deep learning is going to move away from simply gobbling up oodles of data and spitting out the best correlations possible.“If you look at all the areas where deep learning is successful,they’re all areas where there’s lots of data,”points out Lawrence.That’s great if you want to categorize images of cats,but less helpful if you want to use deep learning to diagnose rare illnesses. “It’s generally considered unethical to force people to become sick in order to acquire data.”63.According to the passage,why data is seen as the new coal?A.It can drive the steam engine to pump water.B.It can help people make more coals.C.It can help the areas of deep learning.D.It can help cure diagnose rare illnesses.64.According to Lawrence,why big data is less helpful to diagnose rare illnesses?A.Because there is no such demand.B.Because it can only use to categorize images of cats.C.Because it’s unethical to acquire data by forcing people to become sick.D.Because it needs too much data.65.Which areas are most likely to be successful in in-depth learning?A.Some small start-ups.B.Areas with large amounts of data.C.Coal and Petroleum Development Field.D.Areas for tackling rare diseases.66.According to the content of the article,which is NOT TRUE about the big data?A.We still have a lot of work to study the big data.B.It requires countless data to be collected.C.The purpose of studying big data is to save parents’ costs.D.“Data efficiency” is a critical step to explore more data.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Shared decision making requires you to be an active participant.Politicians and policymakers are discussing what parts of the Affordable Care Act to change and what to keep.While most of us have little control over those discussions,there is one health care topic that we can control:what we talk about with our doctor.The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the landmark publication Crossing the Quality Chasm 15 years ago.The report proposed six aims for improvement in the U.S. health system,identifying that health care should be patient-centered,safe,effective,timely,efficient and equitable.The idea that health care should be patient-centered sounds obvious,but what does that mean?The IOM defines it as care that is “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences,needs,and values”and that ensures “patient values guide all clinical decisions.”For this to truly happen,doctors’ appointments need to cover more topics than how one is feeling and what can be done.Does your doctor know your values?(67)__________ Fewer than half of people report that their physician or other health care provider asks about their goals and concerns for their health and health care.Your doctor can discuss medical tests and treatments without knowing your life goals,but sharing your values and needs with your doctor makes discussions and decisions more personalized and may lead to better health.How does patient-centered care happen?In order for your health care to center around you,your doctor needs to know your values,preferences and needs.Everyone is different.(68)__________As a neurologist,when I’m working with a 76-year-old widow whose main goal is to remain independent in her home,we frame her care in that context.(69)__________ We discuss how a walker helps her be more independent rather than less,as she can move around her home more safely.When a stressed college student comes to my office for a bothersome tremor,his preference is to avoid medications that he might forget to take or that might harm his school performance.This guides our discussion of the pros and cons of different options,including using medications but also doing nothing,an option that almost half of patients feel strongly should always be discussed.(70)__________ In sharing their values and goals with me,these individuals enabled a health care approach that respected their needs and also responded to their life circumstances.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others.Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth.Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age,well before they produce their first words.What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another,which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort.To scientists,laughter is an unconscious reaction;consequently,when we laugh,others can be certain that it is an hones reaction,and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others,it can also help explain why it is so infectious.Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny,they are 20 times more likely to a laugh when they are with others than when they are alone.Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature.And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do,which makes us feel more connected with one another. Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others,however.Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human ughter,they believe,came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species.Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals.Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival,and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate,hunt,eat,live,and eventually,survive with.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.少喝含糖饮料，否则你会容易发胖。
山东省2018年春季高考英语真题
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷(非选择题)两部分,满分80分，考试时间60分钟.考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题,50分）一、英语知识运用(本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上.）1.——。
He is from Hang Kong.—-Nice to meet you.A。
Let me introduce myself B.Let me introduce TomC.This is Tom speaking D。
Have a good time，Tom2.—-Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？-—I’m so glad to hear that!A.movements B。
suggestions C。
greetings D。
treatments3.——Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______。
A.honest B。
nervous C。
healthy D.proud4.—-Why do you like swimming？—-Because I find _______ very relaxing.A.it B。
one C。
those D。
these5.-—_________？__Good idea。
A。
Why not join us in the game B。
How did you know thatC。
When would you like to come D。
What would you like for dinner 6。
(完整版)山东省2018年春季高考英语真题
````````````山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试--I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.英语试卷 A. realized B.won C.understoodD.believed9. --_________?本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80 分，考试时间60分钟。
考生请在答题--Chinese folk music.卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
A.How about going for a walkB.What’s your favorite sports卷一（选择题，50分）C.How do you like ChineseD.What are you interested in一、英语知识运用（本题30 个小题，每小题 1 分，共30 分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合10.Where will the football game be held?题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）FOOTBALL GAME1. -- .He is from Hang Kong.Between the Sunday Club & the Youth Club --Nice to meet you.On Friday ,May 18A.Let me introduce myselfB.Let me introduce Tom7:00 p.m.---9:00 p.m.C.This is Tom speakingD.Have a good time,TomAll football lovers are welcome!2. --Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？A.At the Sunny ClubB.At the Youth Club--I ’m so glad to hear that!C.At the City StadiumD.At the City ParkA.movementsB.suggestionsC.greetingsD.treatments11.IF Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ .3. --Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.A.honestB.nervousC.healthyD.proudDRIVER WANTED4. --Why do you like swimming?5. Full-time,5 days a week--Because I find _______ very relaxing.$ 20 per hourA.itB.oneC.thoseD.these5 years ’experience with a driver ’s license6. --_________?Call Susan at 555-778-6356 __Good idea.````````````A.Why not join us in the gameB.How did you know thatC.When would you like to comeD.What would you like for dinnerA work part-timeB work six days a week7.--_______beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .8. C call Sandy at 555-778-6356 D have work experience--Sound great.12. I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.HowA doB didC doesD done7.--It ’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year.13. -- ?--Yes,it will take _________ one year.--- I ’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A.at leastB.at lastC.in timeD.in orderA What can I do for youB How much do they cost8.--I think Mary is a successful woman.C What size do you takeD What color do you like110. --What did you do last weekend? 24. --I can ’t go for a holiday this summer.---I Mount Tai with my friends. --________.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing A. Neither can I B.So can I C.Nor do I D.So do I11.--I wonder_________ a film. 25. --It is said that the new training center of our school______next year.--Once a month. --Good news.A.when you seeB.where you see A. will build B.has builtC.will be builtD.has been builtC.whether you have seenD.how often you see 26. --I ’m terribly sorry fobreing late.There was so much traffic on the road.12.--Who is the man _________by the window. --_______.--He is our English teacher. A. Don’t mention it B.Congratulations C.It doesn ’t matter D.Excuse meA. sitsB.satC.sittingD.is sitting 27. --______ of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday.13.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you? A. Three fourth B.Three fourths C.Third four D.Third fourths--_________. 28. --______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.A. I ’m looking for a dress for mdyaughter. A. BeingB.DoingC.BeD.DoB. I ’d like to buy a ticket for tonight ’s film. 29. --The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on hisresearch in the fields.C. I ’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday. A. which B.who C.thatD.whoseD. I ’ve caught a bad cold and I ’m feeling terrible. 30. --It ’s getting late. I ’m afraid I have to leave now.14.I felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early. --________.A. butB. orC.whileD.so A. Good morning B.See you later C.Many thanks D.Here you are15.--I haven ’t finished my dinner yet.二阅读理解（本题10 个小题，每小题 2 分，共20 分）--Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.A. are waitingB.were waiting在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
山东省2018年春季高考英语真题与答案
山东省 2018 年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80 分，考试时间 60 分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题， 50 分）一、英语知识运用（本题 30 个小题，每小题 1 分，共 30 分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）1.--.He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.A.Let me introduce myselfB.Let me introduce TomC.This is Tom speakingD.Have a good time,Tom2.--Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？--I ’ m so glad to hear that!A.movementsB.suggestionsC.greetingsD.treatments3.--Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.A.honestB.nervousC.healthyD.proud4.--Why do you like swimming?--Because I find _______ very relaxing.A.itB.oneC.thoseD.these5.--_________?__Good idea.A.Why not join us in the gameB.How did you know thatC.When would you like to comeD.What would you like for dinner6.--_______beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .--Sound great.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How7.--It ’ s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year.--Yes,it will take _________ one year.A.at leastB.at lastC.in timeD.in order8.--I think Mary is a successful woman.--I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.A.realizedB.wonC.understoodD.believed9. --_________?--Chinese folk music.A.How about going for a walkB.What ’ s your favorite sportsC.How do you like ChineseD.What are you interested in10.Where will the football game be held?FOOTBALL GAMEBetween the Sunday Club & the Youth ClubOn Friday ,May 187:00 p.m.---9:00 p.m.All football lovers are welcome!A.At the Sunny ClubB.At the Youth ClubC.At the City StadiumD.At the City Park11.IF Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ .DRIVER WANTEDFull-time,5 days a week$ 20 per hour5 years ’ experience with a driver’ s licenseCall Susan at 555-778-6356A work part-timeB work six days a weekC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experience12. I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with mA doB didC doesD done13. -----I ’ d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A What can I do for youB How much do they costC What size do you takeD What color do you like14. --What did you do last weekend?---I Mount Tai with my friends.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing15.--I wonder_________ a film.--Once a month.A.when you seeB.where you seeC.whether you have seenD.how often you see16.--Who is the man _________by the window.--He is our English teacher.A. sitsB.satC.sittingD.is sitting17.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you?--_________.A. I ’ m looking for a dress for my daughter.B. I ’ d like to buy a ticket for tonight’ s film.C. I ’ d like to reserve a double room for this Friday.D. I ’ ve caught a bad cold and I’ m feeling terrible.18.I felt very tired after a day‘ s hard work,________I went to bA. butB. orC.whileD.so19. --I haven ’ t finished my dinner yet.--Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.A. are waitingB.were waitingB. had waiting D.waited20. --_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address.A. UnlessB.UntilC.ThoughD.Once21. --Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business.and had taken a fall next to her wheelchair.Betsy ran to Miss Harris and asked she was alright“.I think I--________.”救护车）.Miswastakebroke my arm,said Miss Harris.Betsy called for an ambulance(A.Best wishesB.My pleasureC.No,thanksD.Goodbye hospital.When Miss Harris returned home from hospital on Sunday,she went t22. --According to the traffic rules in our country,you_________wear you seat belt when driving.her,“ You are a very kind girl.I ’ m so lucky to have bought this hou to you!A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should smile and said,” Welcome to the neighborhood.”23. --It’ s raining hard ,We have to ________the sports meeting till next week.A.put upB.put onC.put offD.should31.How long was the Roger house empty?24. --I can’ t go for a holiday this summer. A.One week B.One month C.Three months D.Six months.--________.32.Who was living in the Roger house?A.Neither can IB.So can IC.Nor do ID.So do I A.Betsy and her mom B.Just Miss Harris.25. --It is said that the new training center of our school______next year. C.Miss Harris and her brother D.Miss Harris and a dog.--Good news.33.How did Miss Harris describe Betsy at the end of the story?A.will buildB.has builtC.will be builtD.has been built A.Noisy B.Shy C.Naughty D.Kind26. --I ’ m terribly sorry for being late.There was so much traffic on the road.34.According to the text,we can learn that people in the neighborhood should________.--_______. A.often interrupt others B.help each otherA. Don’ tmention itB.CongratulationsC.It doesn’ matter C.share some cookiesD.mind their own businessD.Excuse me35.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?27. --______ of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday. A. An Old Woman in a Wheelchair. B. Mother and Daughter.A.Three fourthB.Three fourthsC.Third fourD.Third fourths C. Welcome to the Neighborhood. D. Call for an Ambulance.28. --______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.A.BeingB.DoingC.BeD.Do B29. --The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on his research in the fields.ADVERTISEMENTSA.whichB.whoC.thatD.whose LOST30. --It ’ s getting late. I’ m afraid I have to leave now. A red purse with an ID card,a credit card and a photo inside--________.Call Mary Smith at 555-778-6565A. Good morningB.See you laterC.Many thanksD.Here you areRenting二 阅读理解（本题 10 个小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）A one-bedroom apartment,from Seprember I to December 31Next to the College of Business在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项Call JACK bROWN AT 555-778-6494House for sale字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
山东省2018年春季高考英语试题后附答案
（英语试题共4页）第1页2018年山东省普通高校招生（春季）考试英语10.Today,more and more people like to use WeChat (微信)to each other.A.look outB.prepare formunicate withD.set off11.—I really hope _everything goes well.—So do I.A.what B.which C.why D.that 12.—Could I speak to Mary,please?—.Oh,sorry,she isn't in.A.That’s OK B.Forget it C.Don’t mention it D.Hold on,please 13.—Excuse me.ls there a supermarket nearby?—.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,thanksC.Sorry,I’m.NewhereD.Yes,I am一、英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上）1.—Whose dictionary is this?—It's my .She bought it yesterday.A.sister B.sister's C.sisters D.sisters'2.—What a wonderful model car!—Thanks.I made it with a 3-D printer by .A.it B.me C.itself D.myself 3.—It is reported that there are _bike-sharing app users in China now.—Yes,bike-sharing service has brought us great convenience.A.five millions B.five millions of lion of lions of 4.—Amy,what's the date today?—.A.Sunday B.A quarter to three C.May 14th D.Summer holiday 5.—I think students can have cell phones to help with their studies.—.They often use them to play games instead of studying.A.I don't think so B.All right C.You are welcome D.Good idea 6.—Tim,are you fond skill-training classes?—Yes,they are my favorites.A.with B.of C.at D.for 7.—I'm disappointed to miss John,whoof the hotel just now.A.checked outB.checked inC.checked upD.checked over8.—Would you like to fill in the form?—Sure.Thank you.A.apply B.applied C.applicant D.application9.—Edward gets on well with his classmates,?—Yes.He is always friendly to others.A.does he B.doesn't he C.is heD.isn't he14.—Have you read the books by Mo Yan?—Yes,I’ve learned a lot from his books.A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 15.—?—I have a pain in my chest.A.Have you bad an injection B.What’s wrong with youC.Have you taken your temperatureD.How long have you been like this16.When does the concert start?FREE CONCERTMusic of the 50's Where:FOREST PARK When:Sat,June 27pm -9pmSeats are limited.Register ASAP.A.At 2pm.B.At 5pm.C.At 7pm.D.At 9pm.17.Where does Henry work?Receipt FormReceived from the Production Department ¥5,000being thesalary for April,2017HenryA.In a college.B.ln a company.C.In a restaurant.D.In a bookstore.。
上海高考英语真题-2018春考试卷
上海高考英语2018春考试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Her working all day long. B. The family reunion.C. The annoying housework.D. The intense schedule.2. A. The kids were frightened by the movie. B. The kids enjoyed the movie.C. The movie is not suitable for kids to see.D. The movie is quite boring.3. A. She is drinking tea at a table.B. She is interested in reading magazines.C. She likes the pictures in the magazines.D. She doesn’t know any Chinese.4. A. Supermarket. B. Drug store. C. Barber shop. D. Shopping centre.5. A. He likes cooking food himself B. He thinks frozen food is healthierC. He accepts the woman’s invitation.D. He prefers to buy frozen food.6. A full-time student. B. An exchange student C.A visiting scholar. D. A part-time student.7. A. She is bossy. B. She is shy.C. She is arrogant（傲慢的）.D. She is trustworthy.8. A. He’s a teacher. B. He’s a writer.C. He’s a businessman.D. He’s a journalist.9. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours.10. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out.C. He didn’t like the hiking trip.D. He’s too tired to continue.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They became more active in water.B. Symptoms of depression disappeared.C. Their digestion developed.D. They suffered from depression.12. A. Neon lights. B. Kindle screens.C. Overweight.D. Closed window curtains.13. A. Turn off all the electronic devices.B. Read a book and drink some water.C. Take some sleep pills.D. Go on a diet and lose some weight.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 71% of the poor live a day with less than ten dollars.B. The population of people live in poverty has decreased in the past decade.C. Economic growth has made global poverty worse than before.D. The middle class are now one step away from poverty.15. A. The middle class has expanded in the 111 countries.B. The number of middle class has increased but it is not a global phenomenon.C. Great progress has been made for the people in poverty with impressive results.D. Once get out of poverty, those people will live a better life.16. A. The middle class would not allow those poor to make a better living.B. Whatever progress is made, nothing will be changed.C. Good changes are too tiny to make those poor live a totally different life.D. Developed countries suffer from the question from both poverty and the middle class.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Thunderstorm accident. B. A cable emergency.C. An appointment on Saturday.D. A computer system breakdown.18. A. Lightning. B. Power failure.C. Cable cut.D. System failure19. A. Plug the TV off. B. Keep the cable connected.C. Stay at home.D. Call the cable center for sure.20. A. On Saturday morning. B. On Saturday afternoon.C. On Tuesday Morning.D. On Tuesday afternoon.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) __________ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) __________ (little) laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) __________ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) __________ __________ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about “good choices”? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) __________ vigorously they grow without me.Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I’d guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) __________ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) __________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “I’m sure you will figure it out.”And yet, the spaces (28) __________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I’ve found. I now have the chance (29) __________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) __________ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty. But overflowing.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a castle, but castles are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both (31) __________ and well-secured, the classic European castle is the pinnacle (小尖顶) of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the (32) __________ of our culture.Castles were (33) __________ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror (34) __________ through England, he strengthened key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English (35) __________. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were gathered to, organized around, and positioned from castles. In this way castles served both (36) __________ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his land. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they (37) __________ and paid tribute to the lord. They would (38) __________ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39) __________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed (隐约的出现) in the background of many peasants’ lives and served as a daily (40) __________ of the lord’s strength.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Humans hate significantly to give workers more than they deserve, and indeed many will be satisfied with less to promote work equality. But is this attitude _____41_____? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different_____42_____think about merit(功劳)when sharing rewards. There is reason to that meritocracy, a social system where people get money on the basis of their ability, may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the _____43_____of children, four to eleven years old, in three different cultures.The idea was to test how much the children _____44_____merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to hand out the sweets any way he or she wanted—without adults in the room to influence them. If they treasured merit, children should_____45_____the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had caught the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one_____46_____, but if one exhibited much better performance at fishing, rewards would also be out of proportion. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be _____47_____catch size—since no effort was involved._____48_____matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study, as described in an issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distributed the harvests of the day precisely in proportion to_____49_____ even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from two rural African forager(狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that_____50_____is culturally defined.But why? The scientists offer some_____51_____on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, a meritocracy is_____52_____for regulating deals between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. The focus is on fair interactions, because inequality won’t be reduced in the future. In small scale societies,_____53_____, most exchanges take place between people who are familiar with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity—rather than to insist on equity in a single deal. In forager societies which emphasize equality, _____54_____ is an important leveling mechanism, balancing inequality in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may make these social values become part of their way of thinking early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is_____55_____.41. A. sensible B. universal C. unconscious D. unique42. A. cultures B. communities C. companies D. households43. A. intelligence B. behavior C. emotion D. character44. A. respected B. overlooked C. valued D. deserved45. A. collect B. mark C. sort D. distribute46. A.generously B. openly C. equally D. appropriately47. A. unrelated to B. associated with C. based on D. worthy of48. A. Equality B. Race C. Culture D. Harmony49. A. productivity B. effort C. interests D. efficiency50. A. frankness B. prejudice C. distrust D. fairness51. A. feelings B. thoughts C. advice D.predictions52. A. costly B. valueless C. unnecessary D. important53. A. for instance B. in addition C. by contrast D. in other words54. A. cooperating B. combining C. dividing D. sharing55. A.ordinary B. imaginary C. innovative D.discouragingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We Have a Painter to Thank for YellowstoneBefore artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as an unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland.Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape’s most stunning sights. The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors--the first color renderings of the area--were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art museum.In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the world’s first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-12-foot painting. The gold splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white.”Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran.56.What changes Thomas Moran has brought to Yellowstone Park?A.He turned Yellowstone Park into a purgatoryB.He transformed Yellowstone Park into a fairylandC.He pushed Yellowstone Park into a National ParkD.He painted a picture for Yellowstone Park57.When was Yellowstone Park established as the first national park?A.In March 1871.B. In March 1872.C. In April 1872.D. In August 1872.58.What are the characteristics of Thomas Moran’s paintings about Yellowstone Park?A.Paying attention to color rendering of paintingsB.His magnificent and wonderful paintingsC.His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone ParkD.His paintings with nothing special59.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The Significance of Thomas Moran’s paintings to Yellowstone ParkB.How Yellowstone Park is established as a National ParkC.The Great Painter--Thomas MoranD.The process of Yellowstone Park being labeled as a fairyland(B)Why UPS trucks (almost) never turn leftBy favoring right-hand turns at all times—unless a left is unavoidable—the carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year, and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20,000 passenger cars.The practice started decades ago, before computers and GPS, and is now managed by a software that conjures the most efficient route for each truck.What’s wrong with turning left?Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on right-hand driving roads, such as those in the U. S.“Left-turning traffic typically has to turn against a flow of oncoming vehicles,” explains Tom Vanderbilt, author of the book “Traffic: Why we drive the way we do.”“This can not only be dangerous, but makes traffic build up, unless you install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’, which is fine but basically adds 30 or 45 seconds to everyone else’s single time, ” he said.A study on crash factors in intersection-related accidents from the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Association shows that turning left is one of the leading “critical pre-crash events” (an event that made a collision inevitable), occurring in 22.2 percent of crashes, as opposed to 1.2 percent for right turns. About 61 percent of crashes that occur while turning or crossing an intersection involve left turns, as opposed to just 3.1 percent involving right turns.Left turns are also three times more likely to kill pedestrians than right ones, according to data collected by New York City’s transportation planners.The right way to save fuel“A left-hand turn is also less fuel efficient,” said Jack Levis, UPS Senior Director of Process Management, “because your car’s idling (未熄火) longer, which is also not good for your vehicle. ”UPS does not ban left turns out right, says Levis: “We will make left hand turns, but not ones that are unnecessary. We don’t need to go in circles all day long by making only right hand turns. We have tools analyze the number of left hand turns for each route, and we can work out which ones are avoidable.”The procedure is now incorporated in most countries around the world.To this end, the carrier created its own maps, which it says are more accurate that commercially available ones: “We can differentiate more important left-hand turns from unimportant ones. Google Maps has no concept of not making a left-hand turn, it just shows the most direct way to reach your destination. We have the ability to penalize some of those,” Levis told CNN.The system knows about p arking lots, private driveways, variable speed limit sand roads that are inaccessible for atruck.The software can give an undesirable left turn a penalty that adds 20 seconds to the estimated route time. In that case, going around the block and turning always right might offset that 20-second penalty: “We were able to turn off left hand turns,” said Levis.Taking a longer route while still saving t ime and fuel might sound confusing, even to UPS drivers, according to Vanderbilt: “I’ve actually been to UPS’s logistics center and discussed this with their lead engineers,” he said.“A lot of individual rivers felt the new routing software was making their trips longer, but they were later proven wrong. This is the thing about traffic, it’s such a complex system that often the individual cannot get a sense of the overall efficiency of the system, and optimize accordingly. It’s also one of the counter intuitive, ‘slower-is-faster’ effects you often see in traffic. ”The rule,says Levis, can also be applied to left-hand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages right-hand turns.60.How much resource can UPS trucks save by avoiding turning left?A.UPS trucks will consume millions of gallons of fuel.B.The emission of UPS trucks is equivalent to that of over 2000 passenger cars.C.UPS trucks estimate to save 100,000 metric tons of CO2 emission a year.D.UPS trucks estimate an increase of 6 to 8 miles per route.61.In Tom Vanderbilt’s View, how to deal with the Left Turn Problem in the United States?A.Install a dedicated left turn phase.B.Traffic planners manage road conditions.C.Operators make their own traffic maps.D.National policy encourages left turn of vehicles.62.Which of the following options is NOT TRUE according to the content of the article?A.It’s unsafe to turn left on right-hand driving roads.B.Turning left is not resource-efficient on right-hand driving roads.C.Left turning is likely to cause traffic accidents.D.Left - turn is discouraged in all countries.(C)“Is data the new oil?” asked proponents of big data back in 2012 in Forbes magazine. By 2016, and the rise of big data’s turbo-powered cousin deep learning, we had become more certain: “Data is the new oil, ” stated Fortune.Amazon’s Neil Lawrence has a slightly different analogy: Data, he says, is coal. Not coal today, though, but coal in the early days of the 18th century, when Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine. A Devonian ironmonger, Newcomen built his device to pump water out of the south west’s prolific tin mines.The problem, as Lawrence told the Re-Work conference on Deep Learning in London, was that the pump was rather more useful to those who had a lot of coal than those who didn’t: it was good, but not good enough to buy coal in to run it. That was so true that the first of Newcomen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine, but in coal works near Dudley.So why is data coal? The problem is similar: there are a lot of Newcomens in the world of deep learning. Startups like London’s Magic Pony and SwiftKey are coming up with revolutionary new ways to train machines to do impressive feats of cognition, from reconstructing facial data from grainy images to learning the writing style of an individual user to better predict which word they are going to type in a sentence.And yet, like Newcomen, their innovations are so much more useful to the people who actually have copious amounts of raw material to work from. And so Magic Pony is acquired by Twitter, SwiftKey is acquired by Microsoft -- and Lawrence himself gets hired by Amazon from the University of Sheffield, where he was based until three weeks ago.But there is a coda to the story: 69 years later, James Watt made a nice tweak to the Newcomen steam engine, adding a condenser to the design. That change, Lawrence said, “made the steam engine much more efficient, and that’s what triggered the industrial revolution”.Whether data is oil or coal, then, there’s another way the analogy holds up: a lot of work is going into trying to make sure we can do more, with less. It’s not as impressive as teaching a computer to play Go or Pac-Man better than any human alive, but “data efficiency” is a crucial step if deep learning is going to move away from simply gobbling up oodles of data and spitting out the best correlations possible.“If you look at all the areas where deep learning is successful, they’re all areas where there’s lots of data,” points out Lawrence. That’s great if you want to categorize images of cats, but less helpful if you want to use deep learning to diagnose rare illnesses. “It’s generally considered unethical to force people to become sick in order to acquire data.”63.According to the passage, why data is seen as the new coal?A. It can drive the steam engine to pump water.B. It can help people make more coals.C. It can help the areas of deep learning.D. It can help cure diagnose rare illnesses.64.According to Lawrence, why big data is less helpful to diagnose rare illnesses?A. Because there is no such demand.B. Because it can only use to categorize images of cats.C. Because it’s unethical to acquire data by forcing people to become sick.D. Because it needs too much data.65.Which areas are most likely to be successful in in-depth learning?A. Some small start-ups.B. Areas with large amounts of data.C. Coal and Petroleum Development Field.D. Areas for tackling rare diseases.66.According to the content of the article, which is NOT TRUE about the big data?A. We still have a lot of work to study the big data.B. It requires countless data to be collected.C. The purpose of studying big data is to save parents’ costs.D. “Data efficiency” is a critical step to explore more data.Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Most Important Thing You’re Not Discussing with Your DoctorShared decision making requires you to be an active participant. Politicians and policymakers are discussing what parts of the Affordable Care Act to change and what to keep. While most of us have little control over those discussions, there is one health care topic that we can control: what we talk about with our doctor.The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the landmark publication Crossing the Quality Chasm 15 years ago. The report proposed six aims for improvement in the U.S. health system, identifying that health care should be patient-centered, safe, effective, timely, efficient and equitable.The idea that health care should be patient-centered sounds obvious, but what does that mean? The IOM defines it as care that is “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values” and that ensures “patient values guide all clinical decisions.”For this to truly happen, doctors’ appointments need to cover more topics than how one is feeling and what can be done. Does your doctor know your values? (67)______ Fewer than half of people report that their physician or other health care provider asks about their goals and concerns for their health and health care. Your doctor can discuss medical tests and treatments without knowing your life goals, but sharing your values and needs with your doctor makes discussions and decisions more personalized and may lead to better health.How does patient-centered care happen?In order for your health care to center around you, your doctor needs to know your values, preferences and needs. Everyone is different. (68)______As a neurologist, when I’m working with a 76-year-old widow whose main goal is to remain independent in her home, we frame her care in that context. (69)______ We discuss how a walker helps her be more independent rather than less, as she can move around her home more safely.When a stressed college student comes to my office for a bothersome tremor, his preference is to avoid medications that he might forget to take or that might harm his school performance. This guides our discussion of the pros and cons of different options, including using medications but also doing nothing, an option that almost half of patients feel strongly should always be discussed. (70)______ In sharing their values and goals with me, these individuals enabled a health care approach that respected their needs and also responded to their life circumstances.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mail point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.少喝含糖的饮料，否则你会容易发胖。
山东省春季高考英语真题及答案
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80分，考试时间60分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题，50分）一、英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）1. -- .He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.me introduce myself me introduce Tomis Tom speaking a good time,Tom2.--Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English--I’m so glad to hear that!3.--Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______.4.--Why do you like swimming--Because I find _______ very relaxing.A.it5.--___________Good idea.not join us in the game did you know thatwould you like to come would you like for dinner the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .--Sound great.a a’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year. --Yes,it will take _________ one year.least last time orderthink Mary is a successful woman.--I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams.A.realized9.--_________--Chinese folk music.about going for a walk ’s your favorite sportsdo you like Chinese are you interested inwill the football game be heldthe Sunny Club the Youth Clubthe City Stadium the City ParkBob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ .A work part-timeB work six days a weekC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experience12.I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family.A doB didC doesD done13.-----I’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A What can I do for youB How much do they costC What size do you takeD What color do you like14.--What did you do last weekend---I Mount Tai with my friends.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing15.--I wonder_________ a film.--Once a month.you see you see you have seen often you seeis the man _________by the window.--He is our English teacher.A.sits sittingI help you--_________.A.I’m looking for a dress for my daughter.B.I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film.C.I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday.D.I’ve caught a bad cold and I’m feeling terrible.felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early.A.butB. or19.--I haven’t finished my dinner yet.--Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us.A.are waiting waitingB.had waiting20.--_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address.A.Unless21.--Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business.--________.A.Best wishes pleasure ,thanks22.--According to the traffic rules in our country,you_________wear you seat belt whendriving.A. may23. --It ’s raining hard ,We have to ________the sports meeting till next week.A. put up on off 24. --I can ’t go for a holiday this summer.--________.A. Neither can I can I do I do I25. --It is said that the new training center of our school______next year.--Good news.A. will build built be built been built26. --I ’m terribly sorry for being was so much traffic on the road.--_______.A.Don ’t mention it doesn ’t matter me27. --______ of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday.A. Three fourth fourths four fourths28. --______ polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.A.Being29. --The professor, ______ is over eighty years old, still carries on his researchin the fields.A. which30. --It ’s getting late. I ’m afraid I have to leave now.--________.A. Good morning you later thanks you are二 阅读理解（本题10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
2018年上海高考春季英语真题试卷及答案
绝密★启用前2018年1月上海普通高等招生统一考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
1. Listening prehensionDirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Her working all day long. B. The family reunion.C. The annoying housework.D. The intense schedule.2. A. The kids were frightened by the movie. B. The kids enjoyed the movie.C. The movie is not suitable for kids to see.D. The movie is quite boring.3. A. She is drinking tea at a table. B. She is interested in reading magazines.C. She likes the pictures in the magazines.D. She doesn’t know any C hinese.4. A. Supermarket. B. Drug store.C. Barber shop.D. Shopping center.5. A. He likes cooking food himself. B. He thinks frozen food is healthier.C. He accepts the woman’s invitation.D. He prefers to buy frozen food.6. A. A fulltime student. B. An exchange student.C. A visiting scholar.D. A parttime student.7. A. She is bossy. B. She is shy.C. She is arrogant (傲慢的).D. She is trustworthy.8. A. He’s a teacher. B. He’s a writer.C. He's a businessman.D. He’s a journalist.9. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours.10. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out.C. He didn’t like the biking trip.D. He’s too tired to continue.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation .After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several question. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They became more active in water. B. Symptoms of depression disappeared.C. Their digestion developed.D. They suffered from depression.12. A. Neon lights. B. Kindle screens.C. Overweight.D. Closed window curtains.13. A. Turn off all the electronic devices. B. Read a book and drink some water.C. Take some sleep pills.D. Go on a diet and lose some weight. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 71 % of the poor live a day with less than ten dollars.B. The population of people live in poverty has decreased in the past decade.C. Economic growth has made global poverty worse than before.D. The middle class are now one step away from poverty.15. A. The middle class has expanded in the 111 countries.B. The number of middle class has increased but it is not a global phenomenon.C. Great progress has been made for the people in poverty with impressive results.D. Once getting out of poverty, those people will live a better life.16. A. The middle class would not allow those poor to make a better living.B. Whatever progress is made, nothing will be changed.C. Good changes are too tiny to make those poor live a totally different life.D. Developed countries suffer from the question from both poverty and the middle class. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A thunderstorm accident. B. A cable emergency.C. An appointment on Saturday.D. A puter system breakdown.18. A. Lightning. B. Power failure.C. Cable cut.D. System failure.19. A. Plug the TV off. B. Keep the cable connected.C. Stay at home.D. Call the cable center for sure.20. A. On Saturday morning. B. On Saturday afternoon.C. On Tuesday morning.D. On Tuesday afternoon.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My KidFree LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ________ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ________ (little) laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) ________ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) ________ ________ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)？Will they remember th e talks about “good choices”? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ________ vigorously they grow without me.Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I’d guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) ________ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) ________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing es at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “I’m sure you will figure it out.”And yet, the spaces (28) ________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I’ve fo und. I now have the chance (29) ________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) ________ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty. But overflowing.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (堡垒）, but fortresses are not designed with the fort of king or queen in mind. When it es to structures that are both(31) ________ and wellfortified the classic European castle is the pinnacle (小尖顶）of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed，and eventually fell out of use, but they still mand the (32) ________ of our culture.Castles were (33) ________ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror (34) ________ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English (35) ________. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both (36) ________ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from Which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom(领地). That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would e to report the affairs of the lands that they (37) ________ and paid tribute to the lord. They would (38) ________ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39) ________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of m any peasants’ lives and served as a daily (40) ________ of the lord’s strength.III. Reading prehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Humans hate markedly to give workers more than they deserve；and indeed many will settle for less to pensate work equitably. But is this impulse (41) ________ ? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different (42) ________ think about merit when sharing rewards. There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the (43) ________ of children, fourto 11 years old, in three different cultures.The idea was to test how much the children valued merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted—without adults in the room to influence them. If they valued merit, children should (44) ________ the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had landed the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one (45 ) ________, but if one fared much better at fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be unrelated to catch size—since no effort was involved.(46) ________matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study , as described ina forthing issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to (47) ________, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from the two rural African forager(狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that (48) ________ is culturally defined.But why? The scientists offer some (49) ________ on this. It could be that in largescale societies like Germany, a meritocracy is (50) ________ for regulating transactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. The focus is on equitable interactions, because things won’t be “evened out” in the future. In small scale societies, (51) ________，most exchanges take place between people who are (52) ________ with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build longterm relationships based on equity—rather than to insist on equity in a single transaction. In egalitarian forager societies, such as the Haillom, (53) _______ is an important leveling mechanism, (54) ________ asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may internalize these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is (55) ________.41. A. unblocked B. universal C. unconscious D. unique42. A. cultures B. cases C. panies D. aspects43. A. mood B. behavior C. emotion D. habit44. A. collect B. load C. stress D. distribute45. A. really B. deliberately C. equally D. happily46. A. Scene B. Object C. Culture D. Trend47. A. productivity B. benefit C. interest D. survey48. A. tiredness B. business C. thickness D. fairness49. A. feelings B. thoughts C. lives D. emotions50. A. useful B. major C. small D. important51. A. in a word B. in addition C. by contrast D. what’s more52. A. familiar B. delighted C. satisfied D. same53. A. cooperating B. smiling C. equaling D. sharing54. A. forcing B. judging C. balancing D. experiencing55. A. creative B. imaginary C. innovative D. logicSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We Have a Painter to Thank for YellowstoneBefore artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland.Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S. government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape's most stunning sights. The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the world’s first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7byl2foot painting. The gold splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls o f “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies’ Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white.Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran.56. What can we know about Yellowstone according to the passage?A. It was a popular park with geysers before Thomas Moran finished transformation.B. It was an imagination of a harsh and wild place.C. It became a national park with the efforts of Moran and Jackson.D. It is an attractive grand valley.57. What does the "pocked" mean in the first sentence (paragraph 2)?A. Packed.B. Dotted.C. Blocked.D. Stuck.58. What are the characteristics of Thomas Moran’s paintings about Yellowstone Park?A. Paying attention to color rendering of paintings.B. His magnificent and wonderful paintings.C. His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone Park.D. His paintings with nothing special.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The Significance of Thomas Moran’s paintings to Yellowstone Park.B. How Yellowstone Park is established as a National Park.C. The Great Painter—Thomas Moran.D. The process of Yellowstone Park being labelled as a fairyland.(B)Why UPS Trucks, (Almost) Never Turn LeftBy favoring righthand turns at all times—unless a left is unavoidable—the carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year, and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20,000 passenger cars.The practice started decades ago, before puters and GPS, and is now managed by a software that conjures the most efficient route for each truck.What’s wrong with turning left?Lefthand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on righthand driving roads , such as those in the U. S.“Leftturning traffic typically has to turn against a flow of oning vehicles,” explains Tom V anderbilt, author of the book " Traffic: Why We drive the way we do.”“This can not only be dangerous, but makes traffic build up, unless you install a dedicated leftturn ‘phase’, which is fine but basically adds 30 or 45 seconds to everyone else’s single time,” he said.A study on crash factors in intersectionrelated accidents from the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Association shows that turning left is one of the leading “critical precrash events” (an event that made a collision inevitable) , occurring in 22. 2 percent of crashes, as opposed to 1.2 percent for right turns. About 61 percent of crashes that occur while turning or crossing an intersection involve left turns, as opposed to just 3. 1 percent involving right turns.Left turns are also three times more likely to kill pedestrians than right ones, according to data collected by New York City’s transportation planners.The right way to save fuel“A lefthand turn is also less fuel efficient,” said Jack Levis, UPS Senior Director of Process M anagement, “because your car’s idling (未熄火) longer, which is also not good for your vehicle. ”UPS does not ban left turns outright, says Levis: “We will make left hand turns, but not ones that are unnecessary. We don’t need to go in circles all day long b y making only right hand turns. We have tools analyze the number of left hand turn for each route, and we can work out which ones are avoidable.”The procedure in now incorporated in most countries around the world.To this end, the carrier created its own maps, which it says are more accurate that mercially available ones: “We candifferentiate more importantlefthand turns fromunimportant ones. Google Maps has no concept of not making alefthand turn, it just shows the most direct way to reach your destination. We have the ability to penalize some of those.” Levis told CNN.The system knows about parking lots, private driveways, variable speed limits and roads thatare inaccessible for a truck.The software can give an undesirable left turn a penalty that adds 20 seconds to the estimated route lime. In that case, going around the block and turning always right might offset that 20sccond penalty：“We were able to turn off left hand turns,” said Levis.Taking a longer route while still saving time and fuel might sound confusing, even to UPS drivers, according to Vanderbilt: “I’ve actually been to UPS's logistics center and discussed this with their lead engineers.” he said.“A lot of individual drivers felt the new routing software was making their trips lon ger，but they were later proven wrong. This is the thing about traffic, it’s such a plex system that often the individual cannot get a sense of the overall efficiency of the system, and optimize accordingly. It’s also one of the counterintuitive, ‘slowerisfaster’ effects you often see in traffic.”The rule, says Levis, can also be applied to lefthand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages righthand turns.60. How much resources can UPS trucks save by avoiding turning left?A. UPS trucks will consume millions of gallons of fuel.B. The emission of UPS trucks is equivalent to that of over 2000 passenger cars.C. UPS trucks estimate to save 100,000 metric tons of C02 emission a year.D. UPS trucks estimate an increase of 6 to 8 miles per route.61. In Tom Vanderbilt's View, how to Deal with the Left Turn Problem in the United States?A. Install a dedicated left turn phase.B. Traffic planners manage road conditions。
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..;. 山东省2018 年普通高校招生（春季）考试英语试卷本试卷分一卷（选择题）和二卷（非选择题）两部分，满分80 分，考试时间60 分钟。
考生请在答题卡上答题，考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并回收。
卷一（选择题，50 分）一、英语知识运用（本题30 个小题，每小题 1 分，共30 分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
）1. -- .He is from Hang Kong.--Nice to meet you.A.Let me introduce myselfB.Let me introduce TomC.This is Tom speakingD.Have a good time,Tom2. --Could you give me some on how to improve my spoken English？--I’m so glad to hear that!A.movementsB.suggestionsC.greetingsD.treatments3. --Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep .A.honestB.nervousC.healthyD.proud4. --Why do you like swimming?--Because I find very relaxing.A. itB.oneC.thoseD.these5. -- ?Good idea.A.Why not join us in the gameB.How did you know thatC.When would you like to comeD.What would you like for dinner6.-- beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend .--Sound great.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How7.--It’s an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year.--Yes,it will take one year.A.at leastB.at lastC.in timeD.in order8.--I think Mary is a successful woman.--I agree with you .She has nearly all her dreams.A. realizedB.wonC.understoodD.believed9. -- ?--Chinese folk music.A.How about going for a walkB.What’s your favorite sportsC.How do you like ChineseD.What are you interested in10. Where will the football game be held?FOOTBALL GAMEBetween the Sunday Club & the Youth ClubOn Friday ,May 187:00 p.m.---9:00 p.m.All football lovers are welcome!A.At the Sunny ClubB.At the Youth ClubC.At the City StadiumD.At the City Park11.IF Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to .DRIVER WANTEDFull-time,5 days a week$ 20 per hour5years’experience with a driver’s licenseCall Susan at 555-778-6356A work part-timeB work six days a weekC call Sandy at 555-778-6356D have work experience12. I hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival w ith my family.A doB didC doesD done13. -- ?---I’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs.A What can I do for youB How much do they costC What size do you takeD What color do you like14. --What did you do last weekend?---I Mount Tai with my friends.A climbB climbedC will climbD am climbing15.--I wonder a film.--Once a month.A.when you seeB.where you seeC.whether you have seenD.how often you see16.--Who is the man by the window.--He is our English teacher.A. sitsB.satC.sittingD.is sitting17.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you?-- .A. I’m looking for a dress for my daughter.B. I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film.C. I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday.D. I’ve caught a bad cold and’I m feeling terrible.18.I felt very tired after a day‘s hard work, I went to bed early.A. butB. orC.whileD.so19. --I haven’t finished my dinner yet.--Hurry up ! Our friends for us.A. are waitingB.were waitingB. had waiting D.waited20. -- I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address.A. UnlessB.UntilC.ThoughD.Once21. --Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business.-- .A. Best wishesB.My pleasureC.No,thanksD.Goodbye.. ;. 22. --According to the traffic rules in our country,you wear you waste your time,”said Betsy ’s mom.”If you ever need anything,let us know ”. seat belt when driving.“Thanks so much ”, said Miss Harris. A. may B.can C.would D.should23. --It ’s raining hard ,We have to the sports meeting till next week.A. put upB.put onC.put offD.shouldAfter breakfast the next day,Betsy decided to visit Miss Harris again.Betsy rang the doorbell but didn ’t get an answer.The door was unlocked,so Betsy looked inside only to see Miss Harris had tried to reach a shelf and had taken a fall next to her wheelchair.Betsy ran to Miss Harris and 24. --I can ’t go for a holiday this summer.asked her if she was alright “. I think I broke my arm,”said Miss Harris.Betsy -- .A. Neither can IB.So can IC.Nor do ID.So do I25. --It is said that the new training center of our school next year.--Good news.A. will buildB.has builtC.will be builtD.has been built26. --I ’m terribly sorry for being late.There was so much traffic on the road. -- .A. Don ’t mention itB.CongratulationsC.It doesn ’t matterD.Excuse me27. -- of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday.A. Three fourthB.Three fourthsC.Third fourD.Third fourths28. -- polite to others, and you will find it easy to get along well with them.A. BeingB.DoingC.BeD.Do29. --The professor, is over eighty years old, still carries on his research in the fields.A. whichB.whoC.thatD.whose30. --It ’s getting late. I ’m afraid I have to leave now. -- .A. Good morningB.See you laterC.Many thanksD.Here you are二 阅读理解（本题 10 个小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。