牛津译林版9A Unit1 英语语法讲解与练习

牛津译林版9A Unit1 英语语法讲解与练习
并列连词and，or，but，so用法
英语中，连词是连接单词、短语或者句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独做任何成分。

按照性质，连词可以分为并列连词和从属连词。

由并列连词连接的两个（或两个以上）简单句叫做并列句，由从属连词连接的句子叫做主从复合句。

并列连词可以用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。

1.and的用法
并列连词and意为“和，又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，表示意思的顺延或增补。

例如：
（1）Our Maths teacher is kind and helpful.我们数学老师和蔼可亲而且乐于帮助我们。

(连接连个形容词）
（2）I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning.今天早上我去超市买了一些蔬菜。

（连接两个动词短语，表示意思的顺延，动作的先后发生）
（3）Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much.她叔叔给了他一辆新自行车作为生日礼物，她非常喜欢。

（连接连个简单句，表示意思的顺延，并列句）
and用作并列连词有多重含义，除了表示并列关系外，还可以表示目的（and之后）和条件（and之前）等关系。

例如：
（4）Come and see my family.来见见我家人。

（see表示目的）
（5）Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes.如果仔细，你犯的错误就少）（Be careful 表示条件）
2.but的用法
并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。

例如：
（1）Our school is small but beautiful.我们学校虽然小但很漂亮。

（连接两个形容词，意思相对）
（2）The car is very old but it runs very fast.虽然小汽车旧了，但跑得很快。

3.or的用法
并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系。

例如：
（1）Which do you like better ,juice or Coke?果汁和可乐，你更喜欢哪个？（连接两个名词）
（2）Do you often go to school on foot or by bike?你经常步行去上学还是骑自行车去上学？（连接连个介词短语）
（3）You can stay here, or you can leave.你可以待在这里，也可以离开。

（连接两个简单句）另外，在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。

例如：
（4）I can't speak English or French.我不会将英语和法语。

（不能使用and）
英语中，“祈使句+or+简单句”结构，也是一种常用句型。

句型中，or意为“否则”，祈使句相当于一个条件，可以和以“if”引导的条件状语从句进行转换。

例如：
（5）Put on your coat，or you will catch a cold.穿上你的上衣，否则你会感冒的。

=If you don’t put on your coat, you will catch a cold.（转换成以“if ”引导的条件状语从句时，要去掉并列连词or）
4.so的用法
并列连词so表示“因此、所以”之意，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。

例如：
（1）The rain began to fall, so we went home.天开始下雨了，所以我们就回家了。

（2）Everyone in the town knew him ,so we had no trouble finding his house.镇上谁都认识他，因此他们毫不费力就找到了他的家。

so和从属连词because（因为）不能一起连用。

也就是说，使用了并列连词）。

就不用because(从属连词）；使用了because，就不用so。

例如：他病了，没去上学。

（3）He was ill, so he didn't go to school (本句是一个由并列连词so连接的并列句）
（4）He didn't go to school because he was ill.（本句是一个由从属连词because引导的主从复合句）
1.not only…but also…的用法
用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。

如：
She not only plays well, but also writes music.
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。

He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them.
他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。

Not only men but also women were chosen.
不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。

He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well.
他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

说明：若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。

如：
Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。

若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装，如：
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。

2、neither…nor…的用法
用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词，用于否定两者，其意为“既不……也不……”、“……和……都不”。

如：
It’s neither too cold nor too hot.
天气既不太冷也不太热。

Neither boys nor girls are interested in it.
男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。

说明：通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。

若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。

如：
Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history.
玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。

Neither Jim nor Jack was at home.
吉姆和杰克都不在家。

但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数。

如
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。

Neither Jim nor Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。

3、either…or… 的用法
用于连接两个表示选择关系的名词或代词，意为“要么……要么”。

如：
He must be either mad or drunk.
他不是疯了就是醉了。

You can go swimming or play tennis.
你可以去游泳也可以去打网球。

Either you or I am wrong.
不是你错了就是我错了。

Are either you or I wrong?
是你错了还是我错了?
说明：通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。

若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。

如：
You can either have tea or coffee.
你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。

Either you or I am wrong.
不是你错，就是我错。

4、both…and…的用法
用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。

如：
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。

The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.
这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。

You’ve given both your uncle and myself a lot of trouble.
你给了你姑父和我很多麻烦。

Sophia was both对ad and sorry to see her.
索菲娅看到她既高兴又难过。

The food was both bad and insufficient.
食物既坏又不够吃。

She was ashamed, both for herself and for Diana.
她感到羞愧，既为自己也为戴安娜。

I did all this both for you and for myself.
我做这一切是为了你，也为我自己。

He both speaks and writes Spanish.
他既会说也会写西班牙语。

Tonight they will both sing and dance.
今晚他们将又唱歌又跳舞。

说明：作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。

另外，若连接两个成分作主语，谓语总是用复数。

如：
Both she and I are good at English.
她和我都擅长英语。

Both teaching and research work are making great strides.
教学与科研都在大踏步前进。

Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl.
她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。

若连接两个句子，要用倒装。

如：
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒
【随堂练习】
( )1.--Shall we stop for lunch________ shall we drive on?
--Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink_________ drive.
A. and; and
B. or; and
C. or; or
D. and; or
( )2.---I didn’t pass the Maths exam last time. I’m so worried about it.
---________harder _______you will make much progress.
A. Work; or
B. To work; or
C. Work; and
D. Working; and
( )3.-Tell us something about Singapore, OK?-I'm sorry. ______Jack_____ I have ever been there.
A. Either; or B Not only; but also C. Both; and D. Neither; nor
( )4.Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years. Today it is still loved by____ the _____young _____the old.
A.both; and
B. either; or
C. not; but,
D. neither; nor
( )5.Please arrive here soon,_______ the coach may leave before you can get on it.
A. and
B. or
C. but
D. since
( )6.---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in Beijing?
---I don’t think so, as______ the young______ the old are learning to speak English.
A. only; except
B. not only; but also
C. either; or
D. neither; nor
( )7.---Don’t be angry with your kid when he makes a mis take again, will you?
---No, I won’t. I know that________ of us are perfect after all.
A. none
B. neither
C. each
D. all
( )8.--How does your mother like your presents for Mother’s Day?
--Well,_______ this sweater_______ that one is fit for her. They’re too big.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. not only; but also
( )9.Cross the road carefully, _______ you'll keep yourself safe.
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. and
( )10. Smile to the world, the world will smile back to you.
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. but
( )11.----Which do you prefer, tea _______ coffee? ----Tea, please.
A. but
B. so
C. or
D. and
( )12.----Would you like to come to my party on Saturday, Sam?
-----I’d love to, ________ I can’t. I have to take a piano lesson.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so
( )13.Let’s go to Kunming for vacation. It’s_______ too hot ______ too cold there.
A. either; or
B. neither; nor
C. both; and
D. not only; but also
( )14.Peter likes pop music, but________ his father_______ his mother likes it.
A. both; and
B. not only; but also
C. neither; nor
D. either; or
( )15.----I don’t like singing ________ dancing. What about you?
----I don’t like dancing, __________ I like singing.
A. and; and
B. and; but
C. or; but
D. or, and `
( )16. _____ my father _____my mother take good care of me. I love them so much.
A. Either; or
B. Both; and
C. Neither; nor
D. Not only; but also
( )17.________my father _________my mother is able to drive a car. However, they are going to buy one.
A. Neither; nor
B. Both; and
C. Either; or
D. Not only; but also
( )18. _______ Lucy _______ you can’t go to the party. One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma.
A.Neither; nor
B. Either; or
C. Not only; but also
D. Both; and
( )19. Football is a popular sport. _____ my father _____ my mother is interested in watching football matches.
A. Not only；but also
B. Neither；nor
C. Both；and
D. Either；or
( )20. My father wants me to be a doctor _____ an engineer, _____ I want to be an actor.
A. or；and
B. and；but
C. and；so
D. or；but
参考答案
1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BACDB
11-15 CBBCC 16-20 BABAD。