论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

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《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观引言《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的经典之作,讲述了伊丽莎白·班纳特和达西先生之间的爱情故事。

这部小说不仅揭示出社会阶层、经济地位以及个人品德对于爱情和婚姻的影响,同时也探讨了人们在选择伴侣时所持有的观念和态度。

本文将分析《傲慢与偏见》中所展现的爱情观与婚姻观,并探讨其对当代社会的启示。

1. 爱情观在《傲慢与偏见》中,人们对于爱情持有着不同的看法,从而引发了一系列迷思和冲突。

1.1 爱情的真正含义小说中展现了不同人物对于爱情真正含义的理解。

例如,主角伊丽莎白相信真正的爱情应该建立在互相尊重、善意和共享价值观等因素上。

“我要找到一个可以彼此欣赏、分享激情和互相支持的伴侣。

”这反映了她对于真正的爱情有着明确的定义。

1.2 爱情与社会地位小说中还探讨了爱情与社会地位之间的关系。

达西先生就是一个例子,他一开始因为对班纳特家族的贫穷和低下阶层背景而拒绝了伊丽莎白的感情。

然而,随着故事进展,达西逐渐意识到自己过去的傲慢,并重新评估了爱情与社会地位之间的关系。

1.3 爱情与外貌另外,《傲慢与偏见》还传达出一个重要观念:真正的爱情不应该仅仅基于外貌。

小说中有许多角色在选择伴侣时注重外表和经济状况,而这种对表面条件的追求往往导致了失败和不幸福。

2. 婚姻观2.1 婚姻与金钱在《傲慢与偏见》中,婚姻常常被视为经济交易或者是谋取权势地位的手段。

这主要体现在班纳特姐妹的母亲身上,她总是急于将女儿嫁给有钱人。

这种金钱至上的婚姻观最终导致了许多不幸和错误的决定。

2.2 婚姻与父权制另一方面,小说中也揭示了当时社会对于女性地位的限制和父权制的影响。

女性往往被迫在为家族谋求经济利益和社会地位之间进行抉择。

这种父权制对于婚姻观产生了重要影响,并导致角色们做出一些牺牲和妥协。

结论《傲慢与偏见》通过分析爱情观与婚姻观,反映出了当时社会对于这两个重要主题的看法和态度。

同时,它也给现代社会提供了一些启示,如真正的爱情应该建立在尊重、善意和价值共享的基础上;金钱并非决定一个幸福婚姻的唯一因素等。

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一,作品通过描写伊丽莎白·班内特与菲茨威廉·达西之间的爱情故事,展现了作者对当时英国上层社会的婚姻观念的批判。

婚姻在这部小说中被视为一种社会交往方式,同时也是个人追求幸福的重要途径。

小说中展现了当时英国上层社会注重门当户对的婚姻观念。

伊丽莎白的母亲,班内特夫人,为了女儿们的婚姻大事而着急,坚持认为女儿们应该选择同等社会地位的丈夫。

她并不认同伊丽莎白与达西的爱情,认为达西的高贵身份与普通人家不相称。

这种婚姻观念反映了当时社会对于门当户对的看重,社会地位高低决定了一个人的价值和地位。

作者通过伊丽莎白和达西的爱情成功地颠覆了这种观念,表明爱情可以超越社会地位的局限。

小说中也暗示了女性在婚姻中的被动地位。

在当时的社会中,女性的婚姻多由家庭决定,女性没有选择权。

班内特姐妹们的婚姻都是受家庭安排的结果,而他们的母亲更是希望女儿们都可以尽早结婚。

作者通过伊丽莎白对于婚姻的态度以及她与达西的爱情故事,呼吁女性应该有权利选择自己的幸福。

伊丽莎白坚持选择她自己认可的伴侣,而不是为了社会地位或者金钱而放弃自己的幸福。

通过塑造伊丽莎白这样的女性形象,作者展现了对当时社会对女性的束缚和压迫的批判。

小说中还揭示了婚姻与财富之间的紧密联系。

在小说中,许多人对婚姻有着纯粹的功利观念,比如吉尔范夫人就为了嫁个有钱人而奋斗。

小说中的女性们也纷纷将婚姻看作是获取财富和社会地位的手段。

作者也通过伊丽莎白和达西的故事,告诉读者金钱并不是幸福的唯一标准。

伊丽莎白与达西最终走到一起,并不是因为达西的财富,而是因为他们的共同价值观和互相吸引。

通过这样的描写,作者批判了婚姻中纯粹的物质追求和功利观念。

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观是对当时英国上层社会婚姻观念的批判。

作者通过展示伊丽莎白和达西的爱情故事,表达了女性应该有权利选择自己的幸福,不应该被束缚于社会地位和物质追求。

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观简介《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一,描写了19世纪英国上层社会的婚姻观和社会风气。

小说中的婚姻观念受到了当时社会的影响,反映了当时英国上层社会对婚姻的看法和态度。

本文将探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观,分析小说中不同人物对婚姻的态度和观念,以及这些观念对剧情和人物命运的影响。

一、传统观念与现实利益的碰撞小说中,女主角伊丽莎白·班内特是一个非常现代而又独立的女性形象。

她对婚姻持有一种现代化的观念,认为婚姻应该建立在相互尊重和真爱的基础上,而不应该被经济利益和社会地位左右。

在当时的英国社会,婚姻是一种传统的家族联姻形式,经济利益和社会地位是婚姻中不可忽视的重要因素。

这种传统观念与现实利益的碰撞成为了小说的一个主要主题,也成为了许多人物命运的转折点。

二、金钱与婚姻在《傲慢与偏见》中,金钱是婚姻中一个至关重要的因素。

小说中许多婚姻都是基于经济利益而建立的,比如梅利家的两个女儿就是为了解决家族的经济问题而嫁给了富有的男人。

在这样的婚姻观念下,婚姻成了一种交易,而不再是两个人的感情和选择。

小说中的几乎所有人物,在选择对象时都会考虑对方的财富和社会地位,而不会将感情放在首位。

这种以金钱为核心的婚姻观念造成了许多悲剧,也反映了当时社会的现实状况。

三、爱情与婚姻尽管金钱在《傲慢与偏见》中扮演了重要的角色,但爱情依然是伊丽莎白和达西两位主角的婚姻观念。

他们都认为婚姻应该建立在真爱的基础上,而不是被经济利益和社会地位左右。

伊丽莎白拒绝了柯林斯的求婚,就是因为她无法接受以金钱和社会地位为主要原因的婚姻,她希望的是一份真正的感情和婚姻。

同样,达西也因为真爱而选择了娶伊丽莎白,而不是考虑她的社会地位和家庭背景。

这种崇尚真爱的婚姻观念,成为了小说中一种美好的理想,也反映了作者对婚姻的向往和理想。

四、个体选择与社会压力小说中的很多人物都面临着来自社会和家庭的压力,在婚姻中做出了许多牺牲。

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观的文化差异

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观的文化差异

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观的文化差异《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观的文化差异《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀的代表作品之一,描写了19世纪英国上流社会的爱情与婚姻题材。

小说中的人物与情节,展现了当时社会对于爱情与婚姻的观念,反映了当时社会的现实风貌和文化特征。

通过小说中各个角色的言行举止,可以看出他们的爱情观和婚姻观存在着深刻的文化差异,这种差异不仅体现在个人性格之中,更反映了当时社会的道德观念和价值取向。

以下将从不同人物的角度出发,分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观的文化差异。

第一,以伊丽莎白为代表的年轻人伊丽莎白·班内特是小说中的女主角,她是一个独立思考、聪明伶俐的年轻女子。

在面对婚姻问题时,伊丽莎白坚持要选择自己真心喜爱的对象,她认为婚姻不应只是出于物质利益或社会地位的考虑,而应该建立在真爱的基础之上。

在她看来,婚姻是一种平等合作的关系,双方应该相互尊重、相互理解,共同创造美好的未来。

与伊丽莎白形成鲜明对比的是她的好友夏洛蒂·卢卡斯。

夏洛蒂则持一种现实主义的态度,她认为婚姻是一桩生意,应该谨慎选择,以确保自己的生活过得安稳舒适。

夏洛蒂不相信真爱的存在,她更看重的是婚姻所能带来的经济保障和社会地位的提升。

这种注重实际利益的婚姻观与伊丽莎白的理想主义态度形成了鲜明对比。

第二,以达西和宾格莱为代表的贵族阶层小说中的达西先生是一个富有、高贵的绅士,他与班内特家姐妹交往甚少,被认为是一个傲慢自大的人。

尽管达西对伊丽莎白一见钟情,但由于其出身高贵,对自己的社会地位和家族名誉极为重视,因此在面对婚姻问题时显得犹豫和矛盾。

他的爱情观更多地受到家族传统和社会规范的束缚,而非个人感情的自由选择。

相比之下,班内特家的邻居宾格莱先生则是一个充满热情和浪漫的年轻贵族。

他对班内特家姐妹表现出极大的兴趣,尤其是对伊丽莎白情有独钟。

宾格莱先生的爱情观更注重个人感情和真心相爱的重要性,他不受传统的家族枷锁所限制,更愿意追随内心的真实感受,坚持追求自己真正喜欢的人。

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观念解析

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观念解析

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观念解析《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀的经典小说,以19世纪英国乡村为背景,以伊丽莎白·班内特和达西先生之间的爱情故事为主线,展现了当时社会中不同人物对爱情的观念和态度。

本文将从婚姻观、阶级观和个人成长的角度来解析小说中的爱情观念。

一、婚姻观的转变小说中展现了传统的、以经济地位为基础的婚姻观与日益崛起的现代的、以爱情为核心的婚姻观之间的冲突和转变。

首先,作者通过班内特夫妇的婚姻生活,呈现了传统婚姻观的弊端。

班内特夫妇由于主要以经济条件为依据选择配偶,而忽视了对方的性格和品质,导致了婚姻的不幸。

因此,作者通过描绘他们的婚姻和生活给读者以启示,要求人们应该更加注重对方的内在品质,而非仅仅以物质条件作为婚姻的基础。

其次,通过伊丽莎白·班内特和达西先生的爱情经历,展现了现代婚姻观的兴起。

他们在经历了误会和偏见的过程中逐渐认识到对方的内在优势,并决定以彼此的真爱为基础结合。

他们的婚姻观念突破了传统的阶级和经济观念,体现了现代人追求自由、平等和亲密关系的婚姻观。

综上所述,小说通过展示传统婚姻观和现代婚姻观的冲突和转变,揭示了对爱情及婚姻观念的不同看法,并倡导人们应该更加注重对方的内在品质和感情。

二、阶级观对爱情的影响在《傲慢与偏见》中,阶级观念对爱情起到了重要的作用,引发了一系列的矛盾和冲突。

首先,小说中的人物往往受到阶级观念的束缚,在选择配偶时更加看重对方的社会地位与财富。

例如,班内特夫妇为了提高家族的阶级地位,急于将女儿嫁给高贵的人家。

这种阶级观念导致了一些婚姻的不幸和不和谐。

但是,伊丽莎白·班内特和达西先生的爱情跨越了阶级的鸿沟。

尽管他们在一开始时受到阶级差异的压力和偏见的影响,但随着两人的相互了解和对对方优点的认识,他们逐渐克服了阶级观念,最终选择了相互真爱。

通过这一情节,作者表达了对于阶级观念的批判,强调了爱情应该超越阶级和财富,给予人们追求真爱的勇气和决心。

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻道德

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻道德

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻道德引言《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀创作的一部经典小说,被誉为世界文学史上最重要的作品之一。

这部小说深入揭示了19世纪英国社会中的阶级固化、爱情观和婚姻道德等重要议题。

本文将探讨《傲慢与偏见》中各个角色对爱情观和婚姻道德的看法,并分析小说通过这些人物塑造展示的社会现象。

1. 爱情观在《傲慢与偏见》中,作者通过不同人物塑造了多种不同的爱情观。

以下是几位主要角色的代表性爱情观点:1.1 伊丽莎白·班内特伊丽莎白具有独立自主、聪明开朗的性格。

她对真爱持乐观态度,认为感情应该建立在相互尊重、理解和共享价值观基础上。

1.2 简·班内特简是伊丽莎白的姐姐,她相信爱情应该是纯洁、无私的。

对于婚姻,她希望找到一个真正深爱她的人。

1.3 夏绿蒂·卢卡斯夏绿蒂则持有现实主义的爱情观。

她将婚姻视为安全和经济保障的方式,更注重对方的社会地位与财富。

1.4 弗里茨·威廉·达西达西一开始对伊丽莎白抱有傲慢和偏见,但最终通过过程中改变了自己的爱情观。

他认识到要真正找到幸福,需要超越表面和社会身份,注重内在品质与感情连结。

2. 婚姻道德《傲慢与偏见》也探讨了19世纪英国社会中具有刚性规定和传统价值观的婚姻道德。

以下是一些相关角色和场景:2.1 班内特家庭班内特家庭在小说中呈现了不同的婚姻观念。

母亲迫切地希望女儿们早日嫁出去,而父亲则较为从容地看待婚姻。

他们希望女儿们能在经济上得到保障,并且与社会地位相对等的伴侣结婚。

2.2 绅士阶层在绅士阶层中,家族名誉和财产非常重要。

通过小说中一系列情节的展示,我们可以了解到爱情并不是唯一的婚姻考虑因素。

许多角色需要在自己的尊严和利益之间做出选择。

2.3 社会压力社会尤其重视女性在婚姻中的地位和安全感。

没有结婚或者未找到合适伴侣的女性可能遭受家人、亲友和社会舆论的压力。

结论通过《傲慢与偏见》,奥斯汀以幽默、详实描绘了19世纪英国社会中的爱情观与婚姻道德。

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的经典小说之一,以描写英国乡村贵族阶层的郡斯宾塞家族为主线,通过对婚姻观的展示,深入探讨了社会阶级、人性固有缺点以及女性地位问题等多个主题。

本文将从主要角色的婚姻观出发,详细分析《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观。

小说中最重要的婚姻观体现在主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特身上。

伊丽莎白是一个聪明、机智并且有主见的女性,她追求真爱,并坚持婚姻应该基于心灵和情感的平等相待,而不是仅仅出于社会地位或金钱的考虑。

在与达西先生的感情纠葛中,伊丽莎白通过自己的经历和成长,发现了自己婚姻观的局限性。

她承认自己过于骄傲和偏见,没有真正了解和理解达西的内在优点。

最终,她重新审视自己的婚姻观,认识到真正的爱情和婚姻需要双方不断追求和改进。

另一位重要的角色是简·班纳特,她是伊丽莎白的姐姐,与伊丽莎白不同,简更加传统和保守。

她相信婚姻是女性唯一的出路和保障,她追求的是一个富有、体面的婚姻。

在陷入与伊丽莎白的挣扎与纠葛后,她也开始反思自己的婚姻观。

最终,她选择了与富有、体面但是不深爱她的贝灵先生结婚,这是一个让人惋惜的结局。

通过简的经历,读者可以看到作家对传统婚姻观的质疑,并提醒人们不要只追求金钱和地位而忽略了爱情的重要性。

在小说中,作家对另一种婚姻观也进行了揭示,即利益婚姻。

班纳特夫人是一个典型的利益婚姻的代表。

她以世俗的眼光看待婚姻,她把自己的五个女儿视为嫁入豪门的最佳机会,一心想通过女儿们的婚姻来改善自己的社会地位。

她对财富和地位的追求,使她一直想方设法将女儿们嫁给富有的绅士们,而并不关心女儿们自己的感受和婚姻幸福。

班纳特夫人的行为再次凸显了对利益和传统的追求,却忽略了真正的爱情和幸福,带给她和她的家庭很多的痛苦。

除了主要角色,小说中还出现了一些次要角色,他们的婚姻观为整个故事增添了许多丰富的细节。

维西蒂家是一个困窘的家庭,他们以婚姻为途径,试图摆脱困境。

论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观AbstractPrideandprejudiceisAustin’sgreatwork.Throughthediscussionofthe differentmarriagesandlove,thewriterdemonstratesherconceptaboutl oveandmarriage:loveandmarriageiscloselyassociatedwithpropertyan dsociety,however,loveandmarriagecannotonlybedecidedbythepropert yandsocialstatus.Anidealmarriageshouldbebasedonmutualaffectiona ndrespect.Sherejectsthemarriagebasedonwealthandstressestheeleme ntofemotioninamarriage.KeyWordsLove;marriage;property;socialstatus摘要《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的伟大著作,小说中的四段婚姻基本完全概括了当时社会中爱情和婚姻的状况.小说通过对四种不同婚姻和爱情的描写,解析和探讨,充分体现了作者的爱情和婚姻观。

这篇论文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析,来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观。

那就是:恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联,但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位,正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上。

她既反对为钱而结婚,也反对轻率结婚,强调婚姻中感情因素的重要性。

关键词爱情;婚姻;金钱;社会地位Introduction Prideandprejudicethebookaboutcommonplacethingsandordinarypeople ,isoneofJaneAusten’sfamousbook,beingtherepresentativeofrealist icliterature.Itportrays,withspecialsensitivecharacteristicoffem alewriters,thelifeandideasofmiddleclasswholiveincountryside.Thi snovelmakesananalysisofhumannatureandthenstickupreaderstothinko versocialrelations.Thisnoveltakesyoungpeople’smarriageasthethreadanditcoversthein heritanceoffortune,women’ssocialstatus,ethicsandcustoms.Beingt hemasterpieceofJaneAusten,itcomestotheextensivefavorofliteraryl oversandexpertsatthesametime. Thispapermakesananalysisoffourmarriagesinprideandprejudiceanddi scussesthedeepoutlookfortheirloveandmarriageinthelightofsocialb ackgroundatthetime.I.TheBackgroundofAustinandHerPrideandPrejudiceA.TheBackgroundofAustin“JaneAusten(1775-1817)wasborninHampshire,acountrypriestfamilylocatedinHants,thevillageofKingston,SidemeninnorthEngland.Shewas abeautiful,talentedmiddleclasswomanwithextraordinarytemperament andgoodcultivation.Hersixnovels-SenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,NorthangerAbbey,Manshifei erdeManor,Emma,Persuasionalldescribemorethanmarriage.”.(WangSh ouren,P64,2005)However,hermarriageislikeablankpaperinher42yearsreallifetime.Go ingthroughthefinesttime,buteventuallywithoutmeetingacomfortable partner,shegivesupherlove.Goingthroughthesweetandbitterfeelingw hichhelpshertowritethegreatworkprideandprejudice.B.TheBackgroundofPrideandPrejudiceInthisgreatbook,theauthoramplydemonstratesherpointaboutloveandm arriage.Therefore,inordertoanalyzethesepointsofviews,weshouldfi rstlystartfromhergreatwork.“Atthattime,accordingtothesocialconditionsinBritain,agoodmarri ageforayoungwomanwascritical.Thisphenomenonwascloselyassociated withtheBritishsocietyandthestatusofwomeninthesociety.Inthe19thc entury,womenwerenotwellrespectedcomparedwiththeonesinthepresent society.Therewasnoequalitybetweenwomanandman.Womenwereconsidere dtobeinferiortomenintermsofintelligenceandcapacity.Thecentralli feofwomenwasforcedtobestayingathome,theirrolesweretodealwiththe familyaffairs,suchastakingcareofthechildrenandservingforthehusband.”.(ZhuHong,P34,1995) Peoplenaturallythoughtthatwomenshouldbesubmissivetotheirhusband s.Thevirtuesofwomenwerepatientanddeferent.Theymustrecognizethei rinherentinferioritytomen,sotheymustrestricttheirabilitieswitho utconditions.Althoughthestatusofwomenwasslow,fewofthemexpressed dissatisfactionabouttheirowndestiny.Atthattime,manymiddle-class youngwomenhadthreesolutions:gettingmarried;stayingathomeasoldma idsorworkingasthefamilyfemaleteachers.Theincomeoffamilyfemalete acherwasverylow,andthestatuswaslowaswell.Itwasverydifficultfort hemtochangeorswapoutofthisstatus,noonewouldliketobeamaidforever ,therefore,intermsofyoungwomen,especiallythosewhodon'thaveenoug hproperties,togetmarriedwastheonlywayforthemtogainrespect,stabi lityandsocialstatus. Austinfullycritiquedsomebadphenomenoninherworkprideandprejudice ,takingsomeperfectpointsaboutmarriageandlovetodemonstrateherown viewonloveandmarriage.II.TheFourMarriagesandtheRevealedConceptofLoveandMarriageinPrid eandPrejudiceA.TheConceptaboutLoveandMarriageintheSociety Thestoriesshowtheordinarylives,feelingsoftheordinarypeople.They werelinkedupinaharmoniousorderundertheauthor'smeticulousconcept s.Theworkmainlydescribesfourmarriages.Twoarethemainandassistedbytheothertwoassistantmarriages.“DarcyandElizabeth’sloveandmarriageisthemainthemeofthiswork.A fterundergoingmanysetbacks,Darcy’sarroganceandElizabeth’sprej udiceeventuallyeliminates,theloversfinallygetmarried.Themarriag eofElizabeth’ssisterJaneandDarcy’sfriendBingleyisanotherclue. Theydeeplyloveeachother,buttheyaremulti—blocked,aftertheirdepa rture,JanemissesBingleyverymuch.Thetwomarriagesreflectstheanoth erpointofviewinpositivewaythatmarriageshouldbebasedontruelove,w hichistheidealmarryintheauthor’sopinion.Thestoriesseemtobetheo rdinarylives,feelingsandpersonslinkedupinaharmoniousorderundert heothersmeticulousconcepts.However,themarriagebetweenCharlottea ndCollinsisanegativeexamplewiththemarriagebetweenLydiaandWickha m,whichhelptomaketheplotsmoretortuousandricher.”.(ZhuHong,P12, 1985)B.FourMarriagesinPrideandPrejudice1.CollinsandCharlotte’sMarriageInprideandprejudice,thefirstpartisthemarriageofCharlotteandColl ins,theirmarriageisluckyandnatural.Theygetmarriedwithoutanyexpe ctation.CharlotteisWilliamLucas’sdaughter,whoistheneighborofLi zzyBennett.Shewasbornofhumbleparentageandverymediocreineveryasp ect.Soshehasnotgotmarriedevenuntilsheis26yearsold.Shemaybeatypi calquestionablegirl.However,thereare5daughtersintheBennetts,thefivedaughtersaregraduallygrowinguptotheageformarriage.Sobothoft hetwofamiliesrivalmutually,especiallyintheeyesofthevulgarwomen, suchrivalrywasparticularlytedious.Bennett’swifewasespeciallytypical;shedoesnotgivebirthtoaboybutfivegirls .Thefamily’spropertycouldn'tbegiventoadaughteraccordingtothecustomatthatti me,andthefamilywithoutasoncangrantthewealthtothenephew.Thus,one ofBennettnephew-Collinscaninheritthefamilywealth.Therefore,Mrs.Bennetthasgreate xpectationsonhernephew.Thoughthefamilyisnotveryrich,heisthefina lownerofBonnetfamily'swealth.Withthis,Mrs.Bennettfeltatease,and thenshehasgreathopeonCollinsandlikeshim.CatherineCollins,withth ehelpofoneofhisrelatives,becomesapriest.Andthenhegoestothehomeo fhisuncle,wantingtobehomecomplementofBennett.Becausehehashearda lotaboutthearrangementofthefivegoldenflowersofhisuncle'sfamily, heiscomingtotryhisluckhere.Inhismind,ifhecouldbeoneson-in-lowof hisuncle’s,thenhecouldgetthepropertyofthefamily.Hestaysathomef oralongtimetorepayhisuncle'sheritageandgetssympathybythefamily. InformedthattheeldestdaughterJanehasaboyfriend,heaimsatthesecon ddaughterElizabethBennettinspit eforhisaunt’sinterestingsake,El izabethhasbeentiredofhim.Eventually,sherefuseshimwithsharptongu e.ButCollinsquicklyfindscomfortfromCharlottewhodesirestogetlovefromamaleandbelievesmarriageistheelegantwayforagirlwithsomeeduc ation,andthentheygetmarriedasquicklyasthelightning.Amediocrelov e,adullmarriagehasbeenestablishedeffortlessly.Suchmarriagewitho utloveistoopractical,soitisakindofsuperficialmarriagewithouthap piness.2.LydiaandWickham’sMarriage ThesecondmarriageisbetweenBennett’sthirddaughterLydiaandWickha m,thesonofthehousekeeper.Originallyheiswell-treatedbythefamilya ndthefriends.However,hecomesdownintheworldbecauseofhismisbehavi or.Hegetsintodebt.So,hewantstogetmoneyandbecomerichandchangehis socialstatusthroughmarriage,marriageisalsoawaytoapproachthetale nts,heisamanwithoutanyresponsibility.Hedoesnothingexceptassaili ngawomanwithobscenities.Inhisopinion,loveisonlyrecreation.Forhi spurpose,heenticesLydiaandgetsherloveeasily,becausesheisyoung,i nnocentandvainglorious,andlovestogoeaseandhatestoworkhard,andis spoiltbyhermother.Gettingloveandpraiseofaboyisherdream.SowhenWi ckhamwantstoreachhisaim-gettingwealthbyloveandexaltsherbeautyhypocritically,sheforgetsw hosheisandfeelssheisthemostbeautifulandhappiestgirlintheworld.T heirlovedoesnotgetthepermissionfromtheparents,andthentheyelope. WhenElizabethhearsthenews,shebelievesthattheirloveisfalse,Wickh amwouldnotmarryLydia,becausesheisnocharmingandhasnothingtoattracthim,Hedoesnotloveherbutthewealthofherfamily.Themarriageisadmi ttedontheconditionofDarcy'shelp.Theirmarriageisconsideredtobeas candalinBennett’sfamily.ButMrs.Bennetisnotdisgraceful tothismarriage.WhenCollinsgetsthenews,ofcourse,heisveryangryand reactstothemarriagetorevengehisearlyfailureofproposaltoher.This marriageisonewithoutlove.Theydon’ttherealmeaningofmarriage,the yonlywanttosatisfytheiraspiration.Sowecansaythisisakindofimprom ptuloveandmarriagewithouttrueloveandresponsibility.Suchcoupleon lyseekhavinghadtheexperiencebutnoteverlastingandunchanging.Ofco urse,suchkindofmarriageisdoomedtobeatragedy.3.JaneandMr.Bingley’sMar riage ThethirdmarriageisoftheeldestdaughterJaneandMr.Bingley.Bingleyi safriendofDarcy.Bingley’ssisterlovesDarcyverymuch.ShewantsBing leytogetmarriedwithDarcy’ssisterGeorgiana,becauseshewantstoget lovefromDarcybythisway,whichalsoreflectstheselfishnessthesister .Themarriageoftheableman-Bingleyandthebeautifulgirl-Janeisideal inmostpeople’seyes.Ofcourse,thecouplemeetsmanysetbacks,suchast hemisunderstandingofDarcyandBingley'sselfishsister.Atlast,thelo versgetmarriedasthemisunderstandingbetweenElizabethandDarcyhasb eensolved.4.DarcyandElizabeth’sMarriage. Thefourthmarriageisthemainthemeoftheworks.ThatisDarcyandElizabeth’smarriage.Atthebeginning,Elizabethrejectsthepursuer-Darcy,b ecauseshedoesnotlikehim,evenlooksdownuponhimthoughDarcylovesher verymuch.InElizabeth’seyes,heis arrogantandunreasonablebecauseh eisrichandhashighsocialstatus.Realizingthat,Darcybeginstogetrid ofthosebadhabitsquietlytocratehertasteandgetgoodimpressionandlo veofher.BecauseofDarcy’sperfectbehaviorandgoodeducation,Elizab ethgraduallyeliminatesthebiasonDarcy.Thentheyspontaneouslyfalli nlove.SowhenDarcy’ssecondsuitorissenttoElizabeth,Elizabethread ilyagreewith,andtheygetmarriedandhavehappyfamilylives.III.TheDifferentUnderstandingaboutLoveandMarriageinPrideandPrej udiceA.TheMarriageBasedonSameInterestsBolobbyist,apolitician,attheendofthe18thcentury,saidthatupbring ingwasmoreimportantthanlaw,becauseitcouldpromotemoral,helptorea lizemoralorruinmoral.Thusitcouldbeconcludedthatupbringingplayed veryimportantroleinlifeatthattime.OnthefirstballorganizedbyMr.B ingleyintheNigerPark,Jane---theeldestdaughteroftheBonnets’isfa voredbythehost.Butthereservedpersonalityandthestandardizedquali tiesmakeherfeelingsshownothing,soshealmostlosesBingley,whichisa lsocausedbyhernest-of-kin’slapsadconducts.Forexample,Mrs.Benne toftengivescommentsonthemarriageinpublic,especiallythebenefitso fthemarriage,whichalmostfrightensBingleyaway.Thisgoodmarriagebasedonafavoriteofmutualgoodimpressionandtruelovenearlyevaporates .Fortunately,thelovesgetmarriedbyexperiencingtwists.B.TheMarriageBasedonVanityandCarelessnessLydiaisimpulsive,credulousandblindlyfollowing.Sheispursuinglove andthinkingabouthowtogetlovefromamale.Sheisstiffenedwiththestyl eofanofficercalledWickham.Sheelopeswithhimbecauseofanimpulse.Th eyspendmoneywithoutrestraint,andtheyareunabletomakeendsmeet.For sakeofElizabeth,Darcygavethemasumofmoneytoletthemgetoutofdiffic ulties.Atthesametime,thisswindlerpreparestoclimbanotherwomanfor asumofmoney. Bennetcoupleisanotherexampleforthiskindofmarriage.Mr.Bennetcove tstheyouthandbeautyandisattractedandgetsmarriedwithanarrow-mind edyoungandbeautifulwomanlackingintelligence.Notlongafterthemarr iage,heputsanendtohisloveandaffection,themutualrespectandtrustb etweenthecouplehasgone.Theexpectationtohaveaharmoniousandwell-b eingfamilyhasevaporated.Clearly,thiscouple’smarriageis unfortun atecausedbyrashnessandvanity.C.TheMarriageBasedonMoneyorBenefitAlthoughMrs.Bennethasbeendescribedasacomedycharacterintheworkga iningalotofsarcasmandderision,heruniversallyacknowledgedtruth-allthewealthybachelorswanttomarryalady,hasbeenprovedtobetruthwh ichprovesanotherfactthatit'sthewealthandthenumberofthewealththa tdecidesthefateoflifeandmarriage. Charlotteknowsthatthemarriagewithoutpropertywouldeventuallymove towarddisappointmentandsuffering.Evenifthecoupleloveseachotherd eeplyatfirst,whenCollins,knownasasocialclimber,isrejectedbyEliz abeth,heimmediatelyturnstofallinlovewithMissCharlotte.AlthoughC ollinsisaninbornfool,hislovecouldnotmovetheheartofawoman,Charlo tteacceptshim,becauseherpurposeistogetmarried.Almostallthegirls borninapoorfamilywithoutgoodeducationalwaysregardmarriageastheo nlydecentway,althoughmarriagemightnotnecessarilybringhappinesst othem.Shemanagestoarrangeoneofthemostreliablewaybymarriage,thus shewouldnotbeexposedtothecoldtemperaturesandsufferhungerinthefu ture.Shenowgetsastorageroom. Charlotteislikearodmancatchingafairlyplumpfish-Collins.Butifhedoesn’tmeetasetbackfromElizabeth,andtheencouragementofCharlotte,Iamaf raidthathewouldnotbesowillingtoproposemarriagetoCharlotte.Thema nlikeBentleywhohasfairlynumerablemoneyneedabeautifulwife,thepoo rmanneedsawifewithahugewealth,likeWickham;ItwasluckyforCharlott ethatshecouldgainthemarriagewithCollinsalthoughtheirmarriageisn othappyatall.Inthesemarriages,itwasquiteinterestingthatthewomenwithoutproper tyreallygetmarriedwiththoserichbachelors.However,thehappinessbr oughtbymarriagetothemhasnotaccompaniedthehusband.Inmarriage,mon eyisveryimportant.Austinobjectssuchmarriagesimplybasedonmoney.C ollinsistheheirofBonnetfamily;hedoesn’tknowwhatloveis.Hewoulds tatesomeoftheinappropriateremarksatanytime.Charlottegetsmarried formoney.Eventuallyshegetsnothingmorethanarichman,thoughshehase conomicsecurity.Shedoesn’tcareaboutherhusband'saccompanyingand love.Sheencourageshimtocleanupthegardenmore.Shesetshisliving-ro ominthesmallhouseabsentofevenasmallnumberofsunshine.Whenherhusb andmakesgaffeinfrontoftheirfriends,sheignoresandturnsadeafear.S ucharrangementforthestoryisaperfectironyfor”thetruthuniversall yacknowledged”atthebeginningofthenovel.Theauthorexpressesgreat sympathytothetragicfateofthewomenatthattimeandthosewhohadtomarr ybecauseofeconomicrestraintsbythedescriptionofthemarriageofchar lotte. Austinunderstandscompletelythatthesocialenvironmentmakesmanobey notonlyinmaterialbutinpsychology,whichimprovedthatAustinisarati onalauthorthatshepreferstruelovetosurvival. MissBingleyalsoextremelyobjectsthemarriagebetweenherbrotherandB enne t’seldestdaughterJane.ShehopesherbrothertomarryDarcy’ssis terMissGeovgianainordertomakeherselftohavethesamestatus.D.TheMarriageBasedonTrueLove Elizabethistheidealimageforwomenaswellasthemostcharismaticperso ninthenovel.SheisBonnet’sseconddaughter,anactive,i ntelligentan dsmartgirl.Shehasamiddle-classfamilybackgroundandhasnotbeenaffe ctedbytheformaleducationbelongingtothosearistocraticyounggirls, sosheisn'tgoodatmusicandpainting,butshehasreadmanybookswhichmak eherknowledgeableandperceptive.Themostimportantaspectisthatshei saladywithdignityandupbringing.Darcyisamanwithtallfigureandgood manner.Heishandsome,richandpowerful.Soheistheidealhusbandofmost girls.Buthehasgrownupinthesurroundingswithstrongsenseofpower,so healwaysisselfishandarrogant,andhehasacriticallookateachindivid ual,exceptthefamilymembers.,heisnotconcernedaboutanyoneelse,and looksdownuponanyoneelse.Therefore,whenhefirstarrivesinthevillag e,hefindsallthepersonsarefarawayfromthoseimagined.Althoughevery girlthereisyoungandlovely,hehasnointeresttoanyoneexceptElizabet h.Atfirsthedoesn’tputaneyeonElizabeth.Gradually,hehastoadmitth atElizabethisbeautiful,distinctandpopular,althoughheinsiststhat Elizabethhasn'tthesamesocialstatusashim.Darcyisrationalbecauseh ehasastrongsenseofpower,whichagreesontherealityatthattime.Altho ughheexpresseshislovetoElizabeth,hecouldn'thelpshowinghisarroga nce,whichmakesElizabethhavemisconceptionandprejudiceonDarcy.Dar cylovesElizabeth,butlooksdownuponhersocialstatus.Heconsidersthathehasbeenlowinghimselfanddoingsomethingagainsthiswill,personal itiesandevenmoralstandard.Hethinksthathismarriagewouldcertainly succeedandElizabethiswaitingforhimtoproposemarriage. Therefore,evenheisirresistibletothefloodingfeelings,andcondesce ndstoElizabeth,hestillremembersthegapbetweenthem.Clearly,therat ionalaspectofDarcy’sper sonalityperformsontherealitiesofsociety .Whenhetalksabouthisfeelingsoflove,healsoexpressesthearroganceo fthesefeelingsindetails,whichresultsinthearousingresentmentofEl izabeth;sherejectshismarriageproposal,andangrilyaccuseshisinsol ence.TherationalaspectoftheheroineElizabethshowsherclear,calman paredwithherstupidmother,thesm oothandlazyfather,theshallow-minded,self-willedsisterwithfeathe rhead,Elizabethisonewithidealmind.SheiselegantlikehersisterJane ,butmoreintellectuallysuperiorunlikehersisterbeingeasytobefavor able.Shealsoadviseshersistertoseethroughthestupidityandnonsense ofthosecamouflagehonestpersons.Elizabethisunique,becauseshehasadeepunderstandingofallthethings aroundher.InfactbothsheandDarcyareextremelysensitivetothesocial stat us.DifferentfromDarcy,Elizabethdoesn’thavesuperiorityabout herfamilybackgroundandstatus.Instead,shefeelsdeeplyashamedforhe rsister’sbeinglackoffairlyeducationandhermother'srudenessandst paredwithhermoderateandgeneroussisterJane,sheissmarterandevenmoreprofound.Shehasacleanunderstandingaboutherownsocia lstatus,whichisduetothepsychoticallysedimentarydepositsbecauses heisinainferiorpositionforlongtime.Becauseofthis,sheresistsextr emelyagainstthearroganceofDarcy,andshetriesherbesttoprotecthers elffrombeinghurtledbyDarcy'scommandingattitude.Shebelievesthats hemustmakehimunderstandthatsheisnotwoozy,whichreflectsherbelief todealwiththeemotionalentanglementswithDarcy,aswellasherconstan tpatterwithDarcyandtheprejudiceonDarcy.Itsuperficiallyseemstobe sharedbythetraditionalpsychologicalrequirementthateveryoneneeds toberespectedmutually.Mutuallyspeaking,thisisanotherformofexpre ssionabouttheawarenessofstatus.Perhaps,tosomeextent,Darcyhasmor eromantictemperamentthanElizabeth,itisbecauseheisbetterposition edthanher.ElizabethrefusesthestupidpriestCollinsandchallengeswe althyDarcy,allofthisisactuallytheresistanceoftheprevailingmarri ageatthattime.TheultimatefailuremakesDarcywakeup.Heisawareofhis ownshort-comings.HeacceptsElizabeth’scriticism,andfaithfullyco rrectstheshortcomingsandmistakes.Heisnolongerarrogantandhasarea llovewithElizabeth.Withtherevealingofthetruth,Elizabeth’sprejudiceonDarcybecomesd eeper.UntilwhenElizabethrefusesDarcy’slongloveletter,sheexperi encesthefierceshock.Afterundergoingaperiodofpainfulandprofoundthought,shecouldnothelpbuttoshouthowdespicablesheis,shebelievess heistheexcellentoneinthefamily,sheisskillfulandalwaysdespiseshe rsister’sdress.Inordertosatisfyherownvanity,shealwaystreatspeo plewithanirrelevantsuspicionandconfusion.Howshamefulitis!Butthi sshameservesherright.Evenifshereallyfallsinlovewithsomeone,shes houldnotbesoblindtomeetthisflunkingstage.Sheisstupidnotonlyinlo ve,butinthevanity.Whenshefirstknowsthemtwo,onelovesherandmakesh erfeelhappy,andtheothertreatsherinacoldmanner,whichmakesherangr y.Allthesecauseherprejudiceandignorance,whensheencounterstheira ffairs.Shewouldnotbeabletodistinguishtherightandthewrong.Shecou ldbeconsideredtobeknowledgeableatlast. Whenweseetheblamefromheart,wefindhershortcomingsandthecourageth atshecouldfaceherselfdirectly.Itisherbringingthatplaysarole;she startstogiveupthebiascausedbyself-esteem,trulyandseriouslyunder standDarcy.Elizabethwouldn'tbelievetheshamelessliesaboutDarcysa idbyHanandeliminatethemisunderstandingandprejudice.Shefinallyfa llsinlovewithDarcy.WhenthesisteraskshowshewouldloveMr.Darcy,Eli zabethrepliesthatsheshoulddatefromthedaysheseethebeautifullanem anorpark.ThestatementseemstorefertothepropertyofDarcy.Therefore ,Janedoesn'twantthesisterstobekidding.Inadditiontoreferringtoth especificmanor,shealsorefersthenewDarcyseeninthegarden.Inotherw ords,Darcychangestheattitudeofbeingarrogantandrudest,andthisisthereasonwhyDarcywinsElizabeth’sheartandlove.Wecanimaginethatif Darcydoesn'tchangehismind,evenifothermisunderstandingshavebeenr esolved,theywouldnotfallinloveforever.IV.Austin’sConceptaboutLoveandMarriage Theauthorembodiesfourdifferentmarriagesinthenovel.Fromtheanalys isofthemarriages,wecanfindtheauthor'sideaaboutmarriage:marriage andpropertyandsocialstatusareinterconnected.Butmarriagecouldnot onlydependonthepropertyandthesocialstatus.Thehappymarriageshoul dbebasedonthemutualrespect,mutualadmiration.Sheobjectsthemarria geformoneyandopposesthethoughtlessmarriage,butstressestheimport anceofemotionalfactors.Conclusion Bydescriptionanddiscussionofthefourmarriagesinthenovel,wecansee thatAustenfullyexpressesherviewsonloveandmarriageonlybyapprecia tingthemarriagefoundedonthebasisofmutualunderstandingandtruelov e,butalsobysatirizingthemarriagefoundedonthebasisoforiginanddes ire.Themarriagebasedonsocialpositionandmoneycan’tbringhappylife.Ai mlessmarriageandloveareimpracticable.Austen’sviewsonmarriageandlovearealsosuitableforourrealsocial.Weyouthshouldmakerightmarriageandloveviewstoorientourlives.Bibliography[1]BU.Ya-Yun,IronyInPrideandprejudice.HuZhou:JournalofHuZhouTea chersCollage.2001.[2]HeShenYing,APerfectMarriageWantsTrueloveaswellasMoney.Yuxi:J ournalofYuXiTeacherCollage.2001[3]RubinsteinAnnette,1967GreatTraditioninEnglishLiteraturefromS hakespearetoAusten,MonthlyReviewPress[4]ThornleyG.C.andRobertsGwyneth,AnOutlineofEnglishLiterature,L ongmanWorldPublishingCorporation,1984.[5]SampsonGeorge,TheConciseCambridgeHistoryofEnglishLiterature, CambridgeUniversit1988[6]常耀信.英国文学简史[M].南开大学出版社,2000.[7]简•奥斯汀,傲慢与偏见[M],内蒙古:内蒙古人民出版社,2002[8]李银河,女性权力的崛起[M],北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997.[9]曼素思,缀珍录——十八世纪及其前后的中国妇女[M],江苏:江苏人民出版社2005年1月第1版[10]王守仁.英国文学选读[M]北京:高等教育出版社2005[11]王佐良.英国文学论文集[M].沈阳:北方文艺出版社,1984.[12]徐晓东.English英文观止(上下册)[M].北京:世界图书出版公司北京公司,2006.[13]张中载.当代英国文学论文集[M].辽宁:外语教学与研究出版社,1996.[14]朱虹(编).英国小说的黄金时代[M],北京:中国社会科学出版社1997[15]朱虹(编).奥斯丁研究[M],北京:中国文联出版公司1985。

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观傲慢与偏见是简·奥斯汀的经典名著,被誉为英国文学史上最杰出的作品之一。

小说中,奥斯汀通过描绘伊丽莎白·班内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事,展示了不同社会地位、价值观和个性特点的碰撞与融合。

本文将从人物形象塑造、婚姻观念以及社会阶级对爱情的影响等方面探讨傲慢与偏见中的爱情观。

一、人物形象塑造傲慢与偏见中的爱情观首先体现在人物形象的塑造上。

伊丽莎白·班内特是一个智慧、机智且独立思考的女性角色,她追求真爱,对社会偏见持怀疑态度。

而达西先生则是一个富有、傲慢的绅士,从一开始对伊丽莎白抱有偏见。

作者通过对这两个角色的塑造,展示了爱情中的傲慢与偏见如何影响人们的互动与决策。

二、婚姻观念傲慢与偏见中的爱情观还体现在对婚姻观念的探讨上。

小说中的社会背景设定在乡村,婚姻对于女性而言是一种奢望和家庭地位的维系手段。

然而,作者通过伊丽莎白的反叛和达西先生的转变,露骨地讽刺了那些把婚姻仅仅视为一种社会交易的人。

婚姻的本质在于双方的相互理解和尊重,而不仅仅是金钱和地位的交换。

三、社会阶级对爱情的影响社会阶级在傲慢与偏见中扮演着重要角色,也透露出作者对于社会等级制度和偏见的批判。

小说中,达西先生一开始表现出对班内特家庭的傲慢和不屑,认为他们的社会地位和经济状况低于他们的要求。

然而,随着故事的展开,他逐渐认识到伊丽莎白的优秀品质,并意识到自己对社会阶级的偏见。

通过这个变化,作者向读者传达了爱情中真正重要的是内在的品质,而不是地位或财富。

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观深刻而真实地揭示了人性中的缺陷和迷茫。

伊丽莎白与达西先生之间的爱情传达了互相理解和包容的重要性,同时也反映了作者对于社会虚伪和偏见的不满。

通过这个爱情故事,奥斯汀倡导了逃离社会束缚和传统观念,追求真爱和个人幸福的理念。

总结起来,傲慢与偏见中的爱情观通过人物形象塑造、婚姻观念以及社会阶级对爱情的影响等方面展现出来。

这部经典作品不仅为读者剖析了人性中的缺陷,也向人们传达了互相理解、包容和追求真爱的重要性。

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀所创作的一部经典小说,通过描绘女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特与男主角达西先生之间的爱情故事,展现了当时社会中的爱情观与婚姻观。

本文将从不同角度探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观。

爱情观方面,小说中展现了四种不同的爱情观。

首先,简·奥斯汀通过伊丽莎白的眼睛呈现了浪漫主义的爱情观。

伊丽莎白追求真实的爱情,她不愿意违心地嫁给不爱的人。

其次,小说中揭示了家庭利益的爱情观。

班纳特家庭的母亲希望女儿们能找到富有的丈夫,以改变家庭的贫困状况。

这种婚姻观在当时是普遍存在的,家族背景和财富被认为是一个女子的重要资本。

再次,书中还出现了依附性的恋爱观。

例如,琼·班纳特对邻居彬格莱先生产生了极大的依赖,她相信只有依靠男性的经济能力才能过上幸福的生活。

最后,小说中还展示了冷静理智的婚姻观。

达西先生最初对伊丽莎白不屑一顾,但经历一系列的事件后,他逐渐认识到了自己爱上了伊丽莎白,并最终提出了婚姻。

婚姻观方面,小说中强调了婚姻应该建立在相互尊重和理解的基础上。

在伊丽莎白与达西的婚姻中,爱情是重要的,但更重要的是他们彼此的认同和尊重。

达西在信中向伊丽莎白解释了他过去的错误行为,并向她表达了真挚的爱意,这使得伊丽莎白重新考虑了自己对达西的看法。

奥斯汀通过这个情节告诉读者,在婚姻中,理解和宽容是非常重要的。

此外,小说中还展现了人们对于婚姻的不同追求。

一方面,班纳特夫人希望女儿们能够找到富有的丈夫,以改善家庭的社会地位。

她们认为,只要找到有钱的丈夫,他们就可以过上幸福的生活。

另一方面,伊丽莎白和达西则更加看重婚姻中的感情和心灵契合。

他们并不追求财富,而是希望找到一个可以理解和欣赏自己的人。

小说通过这种对比,提出了对于婚姻的不同看法的思考。

总之,简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》探讨了不同爱情观和婚姻观在社会中的存在。

通过伊丽莎白和达西的故事,小说强调了婚姻建立在相互尊重和理解的基础上是重要的。

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观摘要:简·奥斯汀是英国著名女小说家,一生有许多代表作。

简·奥斯汀一生未婚,但其作品中的题材却均与爱情和婚姻有关。

其中最为人们所熟知的便是其代表作《傲慢与偏见》。

该小说主要讲述的是伊丽莎白和达西之间的爱情故事。

本文首先对四对主要人物的婚姻进行了阐述,然后又分析了简·奥斯汀本人的婚姻观:幸福的婚姻应该建立在爱情和金钱的基础上。

关键词:《傲慢与偏见》;四种婚姻;简·奥斯汀的婚姻观一、《傲慢与偏见》中四种婚姻介绍(一)爱情至上的婚姻简和彬格莱的婚姻是四段婚姻中比较成功的一段。

他们之间的爱情并不像伊丽莎白和达西那样属于日久生情型,他们二人之间更多的是一见钟情。

两人在第一次相遇时便深深的爱上了对方。

他们第一次见面是在一个舞会上,彬格莱开朗大方的性格深深吸引了简,他善良温柔,懂得照顾人,所以简在舞会上对彬格莱一见钟情。

而与此同时,彬格莱也喜欢上了这个容易害羞的女孩子。

因此,两个人之间的爱情是建立在爱情的基础上的,所以两人之间的爱情也比较美好。

(二)精神至上的婚姻在书中所描写的四段婚姻中,伊丽莎白和达西的婚姻让很多人羡慕不已,是很多人心目中理想的婚姻。

他们之间的婚姻是建立在爱情的基础上的,但又不仅仅爱情。

他们之间更像是一种精神上的门当户对,又或者说是一种灵魂上的相互吸引。

在小说中,伊丽莎白并不是最漂亮的,但是她却是最有魅力的一个,她自信、独立、勇敢。

她不像姐姐简那样容易爱上他人,也不像莉迪亚那样对爱情没有准确的判断。

从头到尾,伊莉莎白都明白自己想要什么,她从不受任何人限制,只跟随自己内心的想法。

也正是由于她这种性格,深深的吸引了达西。

(三)金钱至上的婚姻在小说《傲慢与偏见》中,夏洛特是一个聪明、体贴、时刻保持理性的女人。

她对社会有自己独特的看法,会冷静的对事物进行分析,能够透过事物的现象看到本质。

比如在舞会上初见达西时,众人对他的评价基本上都是傲慢、高高在上的样子。

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观《傲慢与偏见》是英国女作家简·奥斯汀的代表作品之一,是一部以当时的英国社会为背景,讲述了各类人物之间的婚姻故事。

在小说中,作者通过对各个人物的塑造和言谈举止,描绘出了当时英国中上层社会的婚姻观念以及人们对于婚姻的态度。

第一、以金钱地位为优先考虑的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》中,金钱地位被看作是一个人在婚姻市场上的最大优势。

书中赫斯蒂先生就是一个传统意义上的金钱拜物主,在他看来,“莉莉安和达西先生的婚姻定会如愿以偿,因为达西和莉莉安的姑娘年仅十八岁,没有什么自己的主见,而他对此事的态度是诚恳的,对达西的收入非常满意。

”同时,除了金钱地位之外,婚姻配偶的家族背景在婚姻中也起着重要的作用。

作者通过来自不同社会阶层的人们的交际和互相攀比,展示了金钱地位和身世背景成为婚姻中的重要因素。

这种婚姻观念促使社会中的人们更加关注自身的身份地位以及家庭的名誉,而非真正的感情问题。

第二、以繁衍后代为婚姻的最终目的的婚姻观在当时的英国社会中,男女之间的婚姻主要是为了繁衍后代,传承家族血统。

对于女性来说,选择一位有钱、有势的丈夫是提升自身地位和生育优质后代的重要途径。

这种婚姻观点在小说中得到了充分的展示。

舍利文太太是这种观点的典型代表,她看重的只是女儿们所嫁的男士社会地位的高低,殊不知一个人的上流社会地位并不能代表他的待人接物、人品等方面的优劣,也不能代表他能否成为一个负责任的好丈夫。

但是舍利文太太在小说末尾的婚礼场景中却因为女儿的婚事如意成功感到十分满足,她的立场和想法在婚姻观和价值观上被主流所认同。

虽然当时的英国社会中以金钱地位和繁衍后代为优先考虑的婚姻观是主流,但也有一些人看重婚姻的感情基础。

这种婚姻观念在小说中通过伊丽莎白和达西之间的恋爱得以充分反映。

伊丽莎白和达西的婚姻是建立在真爱的基础之上的,虽然经过了很多波折,但最终他们克服了社会阶层上的差距和互相的偏见,走到了一起。

他们不是因为金钱、身世等因素而走到一起,而是因为真正地理解和了解彼此,才会选择追求和珍惜这段感情。

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情与婚姻观念

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情与婚姻观念

傲慢与偏见中的爱情与婚姻观念介绍《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯丁创作的一部经典小说,讲述了女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特在19世纪英国社会中寻找真爱的故事。

小说以幽默的方式揭示了当时社会上对于爱情和婚姻观念的种种偏见。

爱情观念在《傲慢与偏见》中,奥斯丁通过描写不同人物的态度和行为,展示了多种不同的爱情观念。

1.真爱:伊丽莎白认为真正的爱应该建立在相互尊重、理解和共同成长基础之上。

她坚持要找一个她真正喜欢并愿意嫁给他的人。

2.经济利益:某些角色倾向于将婚姻看作是获取财富或社会地位提升的手段。

这种观念在那个时代非常普遍,并影响了许多人对自己配偶选择的决策。

3.幸福感:小说中的一些人物追求的是婚姻带来的幸福感。

他们相信只要选择了财产稳定且地位高的配偶,就能获得幸福。

4.舞会文化:舞会文化在《傲慢与偏见》中被描绘得十分重要。

社交场所提供了人们结识新朋友、建立关系和寻找恋爱对象的机会。

婚姻观念除了爱情观念外,《傲慢与偏见》也探讨了19世纪英国社会对于婚姻的观念。

1.社会地位:社会地位在当时是选择配偶时非常重要的因素。

大部分角色都更关注对方的社会地位,而不是他们是否真正相爱。

2.家庭利益:许多角色希望通过婚姻来实现家族利益,增加财富或改善家族政治地位。

3.女性地位:女性在那个时代没有太多自主权,婚姻是她们唯一能够选择和掌控自己命运的途径之一。

但同时,女性也受到重重压力,必须在一定年龄范围内找到合适的丈夫。

故事中的转变与教训小说通过伊丽莎白和达西的故事展示了爱情和婚姻观念可能发生的转变,并传达了一些重要的教训。

1.不要被表面偏见所欺骗:伊丽莎白过于自负,初见达西时对他判断过于武断。

但随着时间推移,她逐渐发现自己对他有了误解,最终战胜傲慢。

2.真正的爱情需要时间:伊丽莎白和达西最初对彼此都抱有偏见,但随着相处的机会增加,他们逐渐认识到彼此的优点和深层次价值,真正地相爱。

3.谦虚和宽容是建立幸福婚姻关系的基石:小说中许多角色从自身错误中学到了谦虚和宽容的重要性。

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观启示

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观启示

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观启示引言*《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一,被誉为经典爱情小说。

该小说不仅描绘了男女主角达西先生和伊丽莎白·班内特之间的爱情故事,同时也通过塑造各个人物以及展示社会环境,探讨了当时英国社会中的爱情观与婚姻观。

爱情观1.感性与理性的结合:在小说中,达西先生一开始因为傲慢而被伊丽莎白所厌恶,但随着时间推移,在相互了解和互相修正误解后,两人逐渐形成真挚深厚的感情。

这告诉我们爱情需要更多的理性思考和相互认知。

2.不拘泥于社会地位:随着剧情展开,伊丽莎白逐渐摆脱对贵族身份的固有偏见,并决定只追求真正的幸福。

这表明在爱情中不应该过于注重对方的社会地位,而应该更多地关注个人品质和相互的情感连接。

婚姻观1.追求婚姻中的平等:小说中塑造了一对婚姻不幸的夫妇,并通过他们所做出的错误选择告诉读者在婚姻中要追求平等。

例如,夏洛特·卢卡斯为了稳固自己的经济地位而嫁给了柯林斯先生,但这种没有感情基础的婚姻并没有带来真正的幸福。

2.父母对子女婚姻干预的局限性:小说中展示了班内特夫人过度干涉子女婚姻选择所带来的消极效果。

班内特夫人试图通过安排见面等方式影响孩子们的决定,但其行为只导致了一系列误解和困扰。

这提醒我们在子女婚姻问题上要尊重他们自主选择的权利。

结论*《傲慢与偏见》通过刻画各个人物形象以及展示社会环境,深入探讨了当时英国社会中存在的爱情观与婚姻观。

通过主人公的故事以及其他次要角色的描写,作者向我们传递了一些关于爱情与婚姻的启示:追求感性与理性的结合、不拘泥于社会地位,在婚姻中追求平等,并尊重子女在婚姻选择上的自主权。

这些观点仍然对当今社会有着积极的启示作用,提醒我们在爱情和婚姻中应该注重真正的情感连接和平等相待。

以上是《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观启示的相关内容。

希望对您有所帮助!。

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观、婚姻观

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观、婚姻观

了最 初 的 好感 。 然而 , 傲 慢 的他 又 看 不 起伊 丽莎 白 的 出身 及 其 家庭地位。即使表露爱意 , 也 带 着 无 理 的傲 慢 , 结 果 激 起 了伊 丽 莎 白的 怨恨 . 她 断 然 拒 绝 了他 的求 婚 。后 来 求 婚 失败 , 使 达 西醒悟过来 . 意 识 到 自己 的不 足 之处 。 他 接 受 了伊 丽 莎 自 的指 责, 真诚 地 改 正 了缺 点 错 误 , 不 再 傲 慢 自大 。 3 . 柯林斯 和夏绿蒂 : 向现实妥 协 . 追求 的是实利 的婚姻 。 柯林斯不仅缺乏男子汉气概 , 还 阿谀 奉 承 、 善 于 逢 迎 。只 因得 到 了 贵妇 人 凯 瑟 琳 ・ 德布夫人 的赏识 , 当上 了教区牧师 , 自此 妄 自尊 大 、 自命 不 凡 。 本来 他想 凭借 着 自己 的 地 位 和 财 富 , 施 恩 于 班 内特 家 的 二 女 儿 伊 丽 莎 白 ,遭 拒 绝 后 就 把 婚 姻 对 象 转 到伊 丽 莎 白的 妹 妹 夏 洛 蒂 小 姐 身 上 。而 受 过 教 育 的夏 洛 蒂一 样 聪 明伶 俐 . 她 很 清楚 柯 林 斯 是 怎 样 一个 男 人 , 也 清 楚 她 得 到 的所 谓 的爱 是 什 么 — — 求 婚 只是 水 月 镜 花 而 已 。但 夏 洛 蒂还 是接受 了. 她 清楚 了解 自身 的 条 件 . 对 于不 漂 亮 而 又 没 有 殷 实
他们迷恋权势爱慕虚荣自甘堕落在别人看来不可理解可是即便权力很大金钱堆积如山也不见得使他们的内心安稳哪怕他们获得了想要的一切他们还是会觉得孤独些外在的东西越多越反映他们内心的孤独就像那个迷恋权利的国王一样权利的外衣下面是一颗孤独的心可是时间久了这件外衣就再也脱不下国王明白自己的权力是别人赋予的就算拥有权力也不能为所欲为你说得对不能强人所权威首先必须建筑在理性上如果你命令你的人民跳海他们定会造反我有命令百姓服从的权利那是因为我的命令合情合理但是他却难以控制自己内心孤独带来的反作用他不停地发号施令审着一只老耗子又不停地赦免它只因为权利带给他的根本不是快乐他疯狂地追求权力毫无节制地使用权力是内心深处的孤独在作祟只是给自己寻求一份别人看不透的安稳权力的外衣下面是一颗如荒漠一般孤独荒芜的内心二爱的启示文中还提到了小王子与玫瑰花的爱情小王子和玫瑰花闹别扭后离开了他的星球在狐狸的启发下他醒悟了始终割舍不下玫瑰花的原因小王子的星际旅行是他寻找爱的Байду номын сангаас谛的过程这里爱是一种责任狐狸说所谓爱其实是相互交给建立了这层关系爱人与他人就有了区别爱人之间就有了期待有即将会面的欣喜和焦虑不安小王子在地球上见到了五千朵玫瑰这些玫瑰都很美丽一点儿也不比小王子星球上的那朵玫瑰差玫瑰花交给了小王子小王子浇灌它把她放在罩子里保护她用屏风为她挡风为她除虫还倾听她的抱怨和自吹自擂这些都是交给由于小王子与那朵玫瑰已经建立了交给的关系两者就有了特殊的关系他可以把她从五千朵玫瑰中识别出来而且认为她最美狐狸还告诉小王子一个秘密

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作品之一,也是世界著名的爱情小说。

小说以十九世纪的英国乡村为背景,通过对婚姻观的描写,展现了当时社会的种种婚姻观念和约束。

婚姻在《傲慢与偏见》中被描绘为社会地位提升的契机。

小说中的家庭大多都陷入了经济困境,因此婚姻成为了一种维持家族地位的手段。

在当时的英国社会,女性缺乏经济自主权,因此只能通过婚姻来改善自己的生活状况。

布莱利家的五个姐妹就是在这样的背景下被人们视作结婚对象。

婚姻的目的不再是纯粹的爱情,而是为了找到一个能帮助自己摆脱困境的伴侣。

小说中的婚姻观呈现出一种强调经济利益和社会地位的思维方式。

傲慢和偏见都是社会阶级固化的体现。

达西和他的姐姐的婚姻观念都注重门第和财富,他们认为婚姻应该建立在两个家庭的地位和社会背景相当的基础上。

他们对于低出身的人不屑一顾,拒绝接受来自农村的女性。

婚姻在小说中也被描绘为一种需要双方相互吸引的感情。

小说中的主人公伊丽莎白·班内特的姐姐简就是因为太过相信自己的外貌和迷恋上达西而失去了婚姻的机会。

她被描绘为一个注重对方的感情而不是地位和财富的女性。

在小说中还揭示了婚姻观对于人性的影响。

小说中的布莱利夫妇是个例外,他们是因为相爱而结合的。

在小说的开头,他们的婚姻幸福美满,但由于家族和财富压力的增加,两人的感情发生了微妙的变化。

这样的描写让人们意识到,婚姻不仅仅是一种社会约束,更是一种需要双方长期维护的感情。

婚姻观是《傲慢与偏见》中的一个重要主题。

小说中的婚姻观呈现了当时英国社会的阶级固化和经济利益导向的特点,同时也揭示了婚姻对于个人感情和幸福的重要性。

通过对婚姻观的描写,这部小说深入剖析了当时的社会风气和婚姻观念,展现了人性的复杂和多面性。

论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观与爱情观

论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观与爱情观

An Analysis of Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观与爱情观摘要简•奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。

《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作,小说以讽刺为基调描写了四种不同形态的婚姻观和爱情观,时至今日,这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者,引发了人们对婚姻的观察和无限思考。

十九世纪的英国,婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。

本文使用历史批评的方法来分析小说中四种不同类型的婚姻,探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用,从而得出作者简•奥斯汀的婚姻观:爱情婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联,但绝不能仅取于它。

奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件,但是爱情起着重要的作用,这一点在奥斯汀所处时代是有重要意义的。

她强调理想婚姻的重要性,并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。

关键词: 傲慢;偏见;爱情;婚姻;金钱;社会地位AbstractJane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth- century-English literature. Pride and Prejudice is a world wide popular novel published in 1813. It is Austen’s masterpiece which described four types of marriages and love. Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses observation and unlimited thinking of marriage. In the 19th century of the Britain, marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition. The author analyzed the four marriage patterns from the perspective of sociohistorical literary criticism to explore the important role that money and love play in marriage. It can be seen clearly that Austen fully expresses her original views on marriage:Love and marriage, didn’t totally lie on the property and social status. Social status and love are two indispensable elements in a marriage. It is wrong to marry for money, but it is unwise to marry without money. The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage. Austen’s views on marriage emphasize love and economic condition, but love plays the significant role,which is the predominant aspect at Austen’s time. She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Key Words: Pride; Prejudice; love; marriage; propertyContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1. Introduction (1)2. The Background of Austin and Her Pride and Prejudice (2)2.1. The Background of Austin (2)2.2. The Background of Pride and Prejudice (2)3. The Four Marriages and the Revealed Concept of Love and Marriage (3)3.1. The Concept about Love and Marriage in the Society (3)3.2. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice (3)3.2.1. Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage (3)3.2.2. Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage (4)3.2.3. Jane and Mr. Bindley’s Marriage (5)3.2.4. Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage. (6)4. The Different Understandings about Love and Marriage (6)5. Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage (7)6. Conclusion (8)Bibliography (11)Acknowledgements (12)1. IntroductionJane Austen was unmarried all her life. She was born in a middle-class family and was brought up in a comfortable environment with harmonious surroundings, so there are not too many conflicts in her sight neither in her novel. In Pride and Prejudice she presents different ideas about love and marriage through different characters.Pride and Prejudice is Ja ne Austen’s famous classic book about commonplace things and ordinary people. In the book, the author humorously described the marriage in Pride and Prejudice and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner. Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is different. This was because Austen’s novels were not only about the emotions, but also related to social status and money.This paper makes an analysis of four marriages and human nature in Pride and Prejudice : Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage, Jane and Bindley’s marriage, Charlotte and Collins’s marriage and Lydia and Wick ham’s marriage, and discusses the deep outlook for their love and marriage in the light of social back ground at that time.Jane Austen attached great significance to marriage through her novel by telling people that marriage should be regarded carefully because it is not a game one could just enjoy without prudent consideration.2. The Background of Austin and Her Pride and Prejudice2.1. The Background of AustinAusten was born on December 16, 1775, in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her. Austen never entered a formal school,but she was well educated by her family. At the age of about twelve,Austen began to write. The theme was about love and marriage between men and women. Her novels were witty, warm and ironic portraits of the privileged classes of 18th- and 19th-century England. Her best-known works are Emma (1815), Pride and Prejudice(1813) and Sense and Sensibility (1811). She wrote and completed six novels and three minor writings in her life time.She was obviously a fruitful novelist and engaged in writing for all her life.“She is said to have the equal name as Sir Walter Scott.”(Duckworth,1971:23).2.2. The Background of Pride and PrejudiceLike her novels,Pride and Prejudice focuses on four marriages in the town.Austen uses characters as literary devices to show the relationship between married for love and married for alternative reasons.“At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home, their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband” (Zhu Hong, 1995:34)People naturally thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patient and deferent. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without conditions. Although the status of women was slow, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three solutions: getting married; staying at home as old maids or working as the governesses. The income of governesseswas very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, in terms of young women, especially those who don’t have enough properties, to get married was the only way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austin fully critiqued some bad phenomena in Pride and Prejudice, taking some perfect points about marriage and love to demonstrate her views on love and marriage.3. The Four Marriages and the Revealed Concept of Love and Marriage 3.1. The Concept about Love and Marriage in the SocietyAs a female writer of women’s love and marriage at her time,Jane Austen describes marriage as more for convenience rather than compatibility.Marriage is based on economic and social backgrounds.In other words,marriage was not merely a problem of love;what is more,it was a problem of economy.In Pride and Prejudice,Austen’s views on marriage are conveyed through the marriage of several different characters .“Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage is the main theme of this work. After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally get married. The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bindley is another clue. They deeply love each other, but they are multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane misses Bindley very much. The two marriages reflect another’s point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which is the ideal marriage in the author’s opinion. The stori es seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts. However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins is a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wick ham, which help to make the plots more tortuous and richer” (Zhu Hong, 1985:12)3.2. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice3.2.1. Collins and Charlotte’s MarriageIn Pride and Prejudice, the first part is the marriage of Charlotte and Collins, their marriage is lucky and natural. Charlotte Lucas is one of several children of a former tradesman. She is Elizabeth’s intimate friend.Apart from Mr. Bonnet,Charlotte is the person in Elizabeth’s world who is closest to her in temperament and intelligence. Shehas her own ideas and is fair and objective on issues.Being such a “sensible, intelligent young woman” (Jane Austen, 2009:14). Catherine Collins, with the help of one of his relatives, becomes a priest. Because he has heard a lot about the arrangement of the five golden flowe rs of his uncle’s family, he is coming to try his luck here. He stays at home for a long time to repay his uncle’s heritage and gets sympathy by the family. Informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he aims at the second daughter Elizabeth Bennett, but she refuses him with sharp tongue. And then Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get love from a male and believes marriage is the elegant way for a girl with some education, and then they get married as quickly as the lightning.The marriage of Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins represented most of the marriages at that time. Most women and men got married for money and power. The marriage had nothing to do with love. The wives were regarded as the beautiful vases for decoration. The husbands took the “vases” with them to the social occasion everyday while thinking about their career advancement in their heart and never cared about the feelings of the “vases”. And what caused this? The essential reason was the low social posi tion of the women. The women were treated badly at that time. They had no work, and had no ability to maintain the life, so the marriage was the most efficient and popular way for them to keep their lives. Even the ladies in the upper class only played the role of a housewife.3.2.2. Lydia and Wick ham’s MarriageThe second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wick ham, the son of the housekeeper. Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends. However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior. He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents. He was a man without any responsibility. For Lydia is young, innocent and vainglorious, and loves to go ease and hates to work hard, and is spoilt by her mother. Getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So when Wick ham wants to reach his aim-getting wealth by love and exalts her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elope. When Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wick ham would not marryLydia, because she is no charming and has nothing to attract him, He does not love her but the wealth of her family. The marriage is admitted on the condition of Darcy’s help. Their marr iage is considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family. But Mrs. Bonnet is not ashamed of this marriage. When Collins gets the news, of course, he is very angry and reacts to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage is o ne without love. They don’t know the real meaning of marriage,they only want to satisfy their aspiration. So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility. Such couple only seek having the experience but not everlasting and unchanging. Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.3.2.3. Jane and Mr. Bindley’s MarriageJane,the eldest daughter of Bonnet family, is a good-natured and gentle woman with introverted disposition.Bindley is a wealthy, handsome, cordial and simple young man who is easy to approach and constant in love. At a dancing party in Merton,Jane and Bindley fell in love with each other at first sight. Bindley and Jane had many similarities in their characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage. They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense. They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence. The marriage of Jane and Bindley is based on mutual love. Both of them possess so many common virtues. They are good-tempered and modest. They share a mutual understanding and always think best of others. However they also have weaknesses. For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bindley. For Bindley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and was likely to accept the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him. Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.Among all the marriage in the Pride and Prejudice, the combination of pleasant Bindley and mild Jane is the most blessed and happy one. The couple has similar interests and they insisted on pursuing their love, which leads them to a happy and perfect marriage.3.2.4. Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage is the main theme of the works. At the beginning, Elizabeth rejects the pursuer-Darcy, because she does not like him, even looks down upon him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeth’s eyes, she believes that he is arrogant and unreasonable because of his richness and high social status. So Elizabeth refused Darcy’s first proposal. Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: “Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil?” (Jane Austen, 2004: 139). After knowing this, Darcy tried his best to correct his shortcomings. Elizabeth gradually fell in love with him. Finally Jack shall have Jill.From their love story it can be seen that it’s stupid to judge a person just by the first impression and always have prejudice on the person whom you dislike, and pride sometimes will make you far away from the people. From the book, it is obvious to see that because Darcy’s proud, he offended the girl he loved, and because of the prejudice, Elizabeth was failed to see the merits of Darcy, but fortunately, they didn’t miss each other finally. Their love was romantic and also realistic.4. The Different Understandings about Love and MarriageBindley and Jane’s marriage was based on same interests. Jane---the eldest daughter of the Bonnets’ is favored by the host. But the reserved personality and the standardized qualities make her feelings show nothing, so she almost loses Bindley. Their marriage based on a favorite of mutual good impression and true love nearl y evaporates. Jane’s marriage is a happy one. In addition to solid economic foundation, the couple shares many common virtues which are the sources of the happiness.Lydia and Wick ham’s marriage was based on vanity and carelessness. Lydia is pursuing love and thinking about how to get love from a male. She is stiffened with the style of an officer called Wick ham. She elopes with him because of an impulse. They spend money without restraint, and they are unable to make ends meet. Lydia’s marriage is the most unpleasant one. It lacks both money and love and it is solely based on passion. When the sexual attraction fades away, her marriage will exist in name only.Charlotte and Collins’s marriage was based on money or benefit. Although Collins is an inborn fool, his love could not move the heart of a woman, Charlotte accepts him, because her purpose is to get married. Almost all the girls born in a poor family without good education always regard marriage as the only decent way, although marriage might not necessarily bring happiness to them. In their marriage, money and benefit are very important. Charlotte’s marriage is totally a business deal. Except money, no human feeling is existed.Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage is based on true love. She is Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl. She has a middle-class family background and has not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls. Darcy is a man with tall figure and good manner. He is handsome, rich and powerful. So he is the ideal husband of most girls. But he has grown up in a family with strong sense of power, so he is always selfish and arrogant, but when Darcy realized that he was being arrogant and unreasonable, he begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly to crate her taste and get good impression and love of her. Because of Darcy’s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So when Darcy’s second suit or is sent to Elizabeth, Elizabeth readily accepted, and they get married and have happy family lives. Among the four marriage patterns portrayed in the novel,Elizabeth’s marriage is obviously an ideal one. Her marriage overcomes economic and status differences, which strongly attack on money-oriented marriage system. In her marriage,she gains not only financial security, but also enjoys respectable and equal relationship with her husband.5. Austen’s Concept about Love and MarriageIn Austen’s day, women had to obey men and depend on them to gain comfortable living conditions. In this sense, marriage was merely a decent way of survival for women. Women had few expectations of emotional feelings in their marriages. Austen,however, believes that marriage determined by economic and social status can not bring real happiness for women. Love should be a significant factor of a happy marriage. Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art. With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control. With great details drawn fromeveryday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone com es alive. Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals his nature. From her point of view, life is made up of small things and human nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully. The interest of J ane Austen’s novels concerns about the relationship between men and women in love. Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters. In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social statu s. There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply. In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially mar riage. As for its pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating.6. ConclusionJane Austen was truly one of the greatest literary figures in the English literature.She lived a peaceful life in villages,in which each of her novel set.Her fiction’s subject is limited,describing the ordinary daily life of country and its gentry which she was so acquainted with in a wonderful way.She concerned about how women without splendid property marry appropriate husbands.As in any good love stories, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities. The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice. The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative. On the one hand, possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity. On the other hand, negative or wrong pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct. Mr. Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr. Bonnet possesses wrong or negative pride,and a lack of pride itself in some cases. Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name. He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them. But Mr. Bonnet, who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility; Mr. Bonnet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.Marriage was fully expressed in Pride and Prejudice. “Through four marriages,Austen thoroughly expresses her views on marriage:Marriage can not only depend on property and social status, while without considering these two is not wise,either. Marriage without love is immoral;Marriage without property is unstable.Marriage was a combination of economic and social status,not the combination of human’s true feelings.Happy marriage should be based on love and solid financial foundation.Women frequently have to sacrifice feelings for the sake of financial security.Besides love,other factors also determine a happy marriage,such as mutual respect,mutual understanding,common virtues,passion,and reason.There is no doubt that Elizabeth and Darcy’s love is the shining pearl in the history of literary, and their love is the ideal mode which has been esteem by Austen”(Zheng xiaoyuan, 1998: 79) Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage is the happiest, with deep-rooted love, and a necessary condition that Darcy’s much wealth. Money is not secular in their marriage; the wealth is just like sunshine and nutrition their marriage is of much envy for any person.In Austen’s time, women married money, not their husbands. Property plays a guiding role in a marriage. Austen shows her great sympathy for the disastrous fate of women.She fiercely criticizes this money-oriented marriage system.She values true love in marriage.Marriage based on true love is viewed as a happy marriage.In modern era, the status of women improves greatly. They have gotten independent position economically,and are entitled to the choice of their own husbands.Marriage is no longer a way for their survival.Instead,it becomes an important embodiment of self-realization.For many women,marriage continues to be a major goal in life.They have high expectations for marriage and want a strong and long-lastingrelationship in marriage.Austen’s novels provide beneficial guidance for their husbands’ selection.Love,intelligence,economic condition,educational background as well as family background have influence on marriage match.When making a marriage choice,one should take all these elements into consideration, while love places a decisive role.After marriage,husband and wife should establish equal and mutual respect between them.Although Austen’s time has gone,her views on marriage have not become obsolete and they bring inspiration to modern people.The more we change,the more we stay the same.That is a very unique characteristic for Austen and her Pride and Prejudice.Bibliography[1]Jane Austen.林立译Pride and Prejudice.北京:航空工业出版社,2004. 139.[2] Duckworth, Alistair. The Improvement of the Estate: A Study of Jane Austen’sNovels. Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971.23.[3]Jane Austen. Pride and prejudice. 北京:世界图书出版公司,2009.14.[4]Jane Austen. Pride and prejudice, London, Wordsworth Editions limited, 1993.[5] Jane Austen.王科一译.傲慢与偏见[M], 上海:上海译文出版社,2006.[6]陈晓靖. 傲慢与偏见[M]辽宁教育出版社,2010.[7]简奥斯汀. 傲慢与偏见[M].内蒙古人民出版社,2002.[8]孙致礼. 傲慢与偏见[M].译林出版社,2010.[9]杨正和. 外国文学名作欣赏[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.[10]王科一. 傲慢与偏见[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2010.[12]王勋. 傲慢与偏见[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.[11]张经浩. 傲慢与偏见[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2012。

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观
《傲慢与偏见》通过对伊丽莎白和达西、简与宾利、莉迪亚与魏肯、夏洛蒂与柯林斯四桩婚事的刻画,深刻反映了在婚姻问题上普遍存在的具有代表性的几种不同观点。而简•奥斯丁在小说中描述的五种婚姻关系:盲目至爱;世俗之爱;真情之爱;肉欲之爱;理智之爱,虽然都进入了婚姻围城,但导致的婚姻幸福度却大不相同。本文试从这些爱情和婚姻关系来解析和探讨简•奥斯丁的爱情理念。
1.1.1
在《傲慢与偏见》中,唯以莉迪亚和维克汉姆的爱情观以享乐与奢华为主要。在傲慢与偏见的开篇中就写到:“凡是有财产的单身汉必定要娶位太太,这已经成为一条举世《傲慢与偏见》中,莉迪亚与维克汉姆之间,甚至不存在任何爱情,维系两个人之间关系的就是金钱,莉迪亚是典型的拜金主义,愚昧鲁莽;而维克汉姆则是奸诈狡猾,城府极深。每个人在进入婚姻殿堂时,都会有一定的爱恋基础,但是他们的恋爱基础是金钱,与理智的感情无关,与深厚的爱情无关。(苏琳,2009)
浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的
爱情观和婚姻观
前言
《傲慢与偏见》是英国小说家简奥斯汀的一部早期作品。
简•奥斯丁是英国小说史上最著名的女小说家之一,她的作品再现了18—19世纪之交的社会关系和风貌。她以女性特有的细腻和敏锐的洞察力,展现和描绘了小村镇里的人情世态,以及她周围小天地里中产阶级的绅士、淑女间的婚姻爱情风波。她的作品格调诙谐轻松,富于喜剧色彩。英国著名作家斯哥特称她为“英国摄政时期最明锐的观察家”。
女权主义是关于一种复杂现象的一般性的一个词语,它关注的是妇女的地位,追求的是妇女的平等,并力图消除妨碍妇女作为个人获得解放和发展的一切文献综述障碍。本文从简奥斯汀的社会女性主义观点切入,检视奥斯汀小说的社会背景,通过对《傲慢与偏见》中四段爱情与婚姻的故事的概述,探索并讨论了对爱情与婚姻影响的主要因素,从而也反映了奥斯汀本人的爱情观和婚姻观。

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与现代爱情观的比较分析。

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与现代爱情观的比较分析。

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与现代爱情观的比较分析概述《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯丁创作的经典小说,一直以来都备受推崇。

这部小说中涵盖了许多复杂而真实的人性描写,其中对爱情的描绘更是令人印象深刻。

本文将通过比较《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和现代社会中普遍存在的爱情观,探讨二者之间的异同点。

1. 爱情观的定义1.1 傲慢与偏见在《傲慢与偏见》中,人们对于爱情有着不同程度上的误解和固执。

主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特被冠以高傲自负、敏感多疑等标签,而达西先生也因其冷酷疑虑而备受诟病。

自我意识强烈、面子至上成为了这个时代的共识。

1.2 现代爱情观现代社会中,随着时间变迁和价值观念的改变,爱情观也发生了转变。

如今,人们更加强调平等、自由和尊重对方的权益。

感性爱情和理性选择之间的平衡被更多人认可。

2. 爱情观的异同点2.1 异同点一:社会地位与财富在《傲慢与偏见》中,社会地位和财富是影响爱情决策的主要因素之一。

比如,达西先生最初对班纳特家族不以为然正是基于他们较低的社会地位。

而在现代社会中,人们更加注重个人特质和相互吸引力,而非单纯以金钱为标志。

2.2 异同点二:婚姻目的在《傲慢与偏见》中,婚姻往往是为了保持贵族地位或者解决经济困境。

而现代社会中,爱情和幸福感成为了结婚的主要动机之一。

2.3 异同点三:择偶标准《傲慢与偏见》时代的人们普遍倾向于按照世俗观念去选择伴侣,如外貌、社会地位等。

而现代社会中,人们更加注重共同的爱好、价值观以及相互理解。

3. 爱情观的影响3.1 傲慢与偏见《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观体现了当时社会的局限性,人们对外界看法过于在意,不愿为自己的真实感受坚持。

3.2 现代爱情观现代社会中倡导平等和尊重,并且强调爱情决策应该是基于个人意愿和真实感受。

这种变化使得现代爱情更具包容性和多样性。

结论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与现代社会中普遍存在的爱情观有着明显的区别和共通之处。

通过比较二者可以看出,随着时间和社会发展,人们对于爱情有了更深刻、成熟而多元化的理解。

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯汀的婚姻观

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯汀的婚姻观

二、心灵之爱的婚姻
达西夫妇的婚姻是另一种类型的理想婚姻。他们的爱情是心灵之爱,这种爱 情是建立在互相理解、尊重和欣赏的基础上的。达西对伊丽莎白的爱不是一见钟 情,而是通过长时间的相处和交流逐渐产生的。他们的婚姻没有一见钟情的浪漫, 但是有着深厚的感情基础和相互支持。这种婚姻需要夫妻之间建立良好的沟通和 信任机制,才能保持稳定和幸福。
总的来说,《傲慢与偏见》是一部深入探讨婚姻、爱情和社会阶层的作品。 通过细腻的人物描绘和情节设计,奥斯汀向我们展示了她的婚姻观:她强调了感 情在婚姻中的重要性,揭示了社会阶层对婚姻的影响,同时也揭示了当时社会中 存在的婚姻观念的局限性。这部小说以其深刻的思想和情感,优美的语言和细腻 的描写,成为了世界文学史上的珍品。
在《傲慢与偏见》中,达西先生与其他人的关系充满了误解和冲突。然而, 正是这些误解和冲突,推动了他的性格发展和情感成长。在与伊丽莎白·班内特 的交往中,达西的傲慢和偏见让他误解了班内特一家的行为和态度。然而,随着 故事的深入,达西逐渐通过自我反思和行动,克服了他的傲慢与偏见,最终赢得 了伊丽莎白的爱情。
同时,简奥斯汀也通过达西的求婚过程,强调了婚姻中互相尊重和理解的重 要性。达西虽然出身高贵,但他的傲慢和自大使伊丽莎白对他产生了厌恶之情。 然而,在达西改变自己,学会尊重和理解伊丽莎白后,伊丽莎白最终答应了他的 求婚。这表明了简奥斯汀认为,婚姻中的伴侣应该尊重彼此的差异,并通过理解 和接纳这些差异来建立稳定和幸福的婚姻关系。
奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中呈现的婚姻观,强调了理解、尊重和品行的重要 性。她认为,婚姻不应该仅仅是基于和品行的选择。这一点在达西的性格发展中得到了充分的体现。达西虽然在 开始时表现出了傲慢和偏见,但他最终能够克服这些缺点,以真实的自我赢得伊 丽莎白的爱情。这说明,奥斯汀认为,婚姻的选择应该是基于一个人内在的品质 和性格,而不是外在的地位和财富。
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论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观
摘要:《傲慢与偏见》由简·奥斯汀创作完成,是一个伟大的女性作家,她用自己独特的视角和敏锐的才思创作出与当时物欲横流的物质世界相悖的类型小说,描写出了淳朴的爱情,爱情与婚姻不是建立在金钱与权力之上,而是自由与坚贞的象征,又用了对比的方法,来诠释自己的观点,其才气和思想在作品中体现的淋漓尽致……奥斯丁通过在全知视角下具有限制性的叙述模式向我们展示了灰姑娘的浪漫爱情故事,描绘出作者所处时代的社会道德风貌,表达了作者的女性抗争意识及对当时社会婚姻观的批判。

本文以小说中人物婚姻的发展过程为主线,通过班纳特五个女儿对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度,探究了简·奥斯丁理想的婚姻观,并指出了小说的现实意义。

关键词:爱情、婚姻、淳朴、追求、矢志不渝
《傲慢与偏见》的作者简·奥斯汀,这个女作家生活在18世纪末到19世纪初,当时“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥整个英国文坛,而这位年轻的女作家没有受过正规的教育,当却有着过人的敏锐才思,独树一帜,摒弃对这类流行小说的滑稽模仿,创作出了有自己风格的讽刺意味浓厚的小说,《傲慢与偏见》就是这类小说的代表。

体现了这位伟大的女性对婚姻,对爱情,对社会独特视角,不仅思想具有魅力,同时小说的艺术风格也是极其值得我们学习和推崇的。

《傲慢与偏见》是以日常生活为素材,生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。

简·奥斯丁描写了不同的婚姻关系,用最透辟的眼光表明,资产阶级婚姻的实质是金钱、利益的结合。

从她的作品中体现出一桩好的婚姻对一个年轻妇女来说是至关重要的,这与当时的英国社会以及妇女的社会地位是分不开的。

在19世纪,妇女不像现在这样受尊重。

男女之间无平等可言,妇女生活的中心是家庭,认为妇女应当顺从她们的丈夫,妇女的美德就是忍耐和恭顺。

婚姻是她们获得尊重、安定与社会地位的唯一出路。

总结起来,《傲慢与偏见》中有以下几种爱情观。

一种浪漫式爱情:莉迪亚盲目地追求民兵团,沉迷在幻想里寻找她的伴侣。

她爱上了有着潇洒外形的军官威克姆,无知地认为私奔很有趣,并且相信威克姆会对她负责。

然而,品德操守都不及格的威克姆则抱着一种轻佻的,为了娱乐而娱乐的爱情态度与莉迪亚交往。

由于莉迪亚缺乏对威克姆的深入了解,她的浪漫式爱情遭遇威克姆所抱持的游戏式爱情,无疑将演变成一场游戏!只有瞬间的真诚,而没有现实生活的真实印记。

这种爱情通常是人被对方的某方面强烈吸引住,并高度激发其情感的萌生。

使自己处于迷幻中不能自拔,严重脱离现实基础。

这种爱情无疑是一时冲动,缺乏理智制约。

再一种则是占有式爱情,它被认为是一种畸形的爱恋。

这种爱情是单方面的,具有强烈的永远排他性,对于爱的对象满怀强烈的占有欲望,特别是对于自己的情敌,过高地估计情敌的胜利和由此产生的傲慢,于是受到了最残酷的折磨:处于因抱着一线希望而受害更深的彻底绝望状态。

彬格莱小姐对达西的爱情即是如此。

她费尽心机缠着达西,想引起达西对她的兴趣,并且经常毁谤伊丽莎白。

这种占有其实是把人视作物品,而不是情感的拥有,一旦达到目的,会有失落之感,从而造成精神的空虚。

还有一种是所谓的现实式爱情。

这是以现实为基础的,生存是第一准则,选择这种爱情的人其实是选择了面包。

作品中表现最明显的莫过于夏绿蒂和柯林斯这一对。

资产阶级的思想完全渗透进了夏绿蒂的思想里,她并不怎么喜欢柯林斯,之所以嫁给他,完全是为了让自己将来的生活有保障。

这几种爱情方式都是不应该被认可的促成婚姻的爱情,真正的爱情是不应该凌驾于任何杂念以上的,应该是自己人生中最纯洁最美好的一部分。

是一种品德贞操的体现,更加体现出了伊丽莎白和达西的爱情是那么的难能可贵,在经历了一系列波折后,他们的感情会更加坚不可摧,平淡中见真情,最终有一个幸福圆满的结局。

这样的圆满是包含信任的,即一辈子的忠贞。

这种爱情理性和感性相结合而形成一种无尽的人性关怀,还在一定程度上为读者提供了一种辨别爱情真假的范例。

恋爱结婚不仅要使自己幸福,还要承担家庭责任,对社会有益,这才是令人称道的。

简·奥斯丁在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理,表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度,从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观:为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的;而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。

因此,她强调理想婚姻的重要性,并把男女双方感情作为缔结
理想婚姻的基石。

简·奥斯汀认为爱情与婚姻有着水乳交融的关系,而且金钱在婚姻中也有着举足轻重的地位。

假如一个人得到爱情的同时也得到了金钱,那么他就获得了一个美满的婚姻,他就会生活得幸福。

在婚姻生活中,爱情是最为重要的。

简·奥斯丁通过小说告诉人们必须行动和自省才有希望,人的尊严是从行动和自省中获得。

参考文献:
[1]简·奥斯丁.傲慢与偏见.上海:上海译文出版社,1991. (2)刘念兹.外国作家作品专题研究.济南:山东人民出版社,2001. (3)杨正和.外国文学名作欣赏.北京:科学出版社,1999.(4)司汤达《十九世纪的爱情》刘阳,译,南京:江苏人民出版社,2005:104,277。

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