必须了解的葡萄酒术语
红酒的常用外文词汇
红酒的常用外文词汇红酒是一种备受喜爱的饮品,不仅因为它的美味,也因为它的多样性和丰富的文化背景。
在红酒的世界中,有许多常用的外文词汇,下面我们来了解一些常见的术语和表达方式。
1. Grape(葡萄)红酒的主要原料之一是葡萄,而英文中的表达方式是"Grape"。
葡萄根据不同的品种和产地会产生不同的风味和特点,因此了解葡萄的种类和特性对于红酒爱好者来说非常重要。
2. Vineyard(葡萄园)葡萄园是种植葡萄的地方,它的英文表达方式是"Vineyard"。
葡萄的生长环境对于红酒的质量和风味有着决定性的影响,因此葡萄园的选择和管理非常关键。
3. Terroir(风土)Terroir 是法语,意为土壤和气候的组合,它对于红酒的味道和风味有着重要的影响。
这个词汇在外文中常用来描述葡萄园地理环境的特点,包括土壤的类型、气候条件等。
4. Vintage(年份)Vintage 是指红酒的生产年份,它在外文中用来表示红酒的年龄和品质。
红酒的年份对于其风味和品质有着重要的影响,因为不同年份的葡萄产量和气候条件都会有所不同。
5. Tannin(单宁)Tannin 是红酒中的一种物质,它赋予了红酒的苦涩口感和口感结构。
Tannin 在外文中用来描述红酒的单宁含量和质地,它通常与红酒的年龄和葡萄品种有关。
6. Oak(橡木)橡木桶是红酒陈酿过程中常用的容器,它能为红酒提供一种特殊的香气和口感。
在外文中,"Oak"被用来描述红酒是否有橡木桶陈酿的痕迹,以及陈酿时间的长短。
7. Aroma(香气)红酒的香气对于品尝体验非常重要,因此在外文中有专门的词汇来描述红酒的香气特点。
"Aroma"通常用来表示红酒的果香、花香、香料香等不同的气味。
8. Body(酒体)酒体是红酒口感的重要组成部分,它通常用来描述红酒的浓郁度和口感的丰富性。
在外文中,"Body"被用来表示红酒的口感特点,如轻盈、中等和丰满。
史上最强 葡萄酒品鉴评价术语 (中英双语版对照)
Acetic: Tasting term indicating an undesirable vinegary smell.醋酸的:一个用来表述不愉快酸味的品尝术语。
Acidic: Used to describe wines whose total acid is so high that they taste tart or sour and have a sharp edge on the palate.酸的:用于形容葡萄酒的总酸度过高以至于尝起来具有辛辣或酸腐味且在口腔中具有锋利的边角感。
Acids:Essential component of all wines. Several different acids are found in grapes and wine. Grapes are one of the few fruits to contain tartaric acid, the major wine acid and the most important source of acidity in wine. Smaller amounts of malic acid, citric acid and lactic acid can also be found, as can acetic acid. See also 'volatile acidity'.酸:所有酒中的基本成分。
在葡萄和葡萄酒中能找到几种不同的酸。
葡萄是少数含有酒石酸的水果的一种,(酒石酸是酒中主要的酸性物质,同时也是酒的酸度的最重要来源)。
除醋酸外,还有少量的苹果酸,柠檬酸和乳酸。
也可参考'volatile acidity挥发性酸'.Acrid: Describes a harsh or bitter taste or pungent smell that is due to excess sulfur.辛辣的:形容一个粗糙或苦的味道又或者是由于过量的硫磺而产生的刺激性气味。
酒业风云里的葡萄酒知识
酒业风云里的葡萄酒知识在饮酒文化逐渐进入千家万户的当下,葡萄酒成为了酒业风云的一部分。
而作为一种高雅的饮品,葡萄酒的知识也逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。
下面将从红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒及起泡酒四个方面,为大家介绍葡萄酒的基本知识。
红葡萄酒:作为一种深色的葡萄酒,其基础酿造材料同样源自于葡萄。
酿造红葡萄酒的首要步骤是把葡萄连同果皮和葡萄籽一起压碎,经过酿造过程的发酵、搅拌和沉淀,最终形成一个色泽稳定、口感较浓郁的酿酒品。
建议用透气性较好的玻璃杯来品鉴红葡萄酒。
白葡萄酒:相对于红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒的酿造工艺显得更为复杂,主要是由于它选择的白葡萄品种较为罕见。
白葡萄酒与红葡萄酒之间的最大区别在于,白葡萄酒只使用白葡萄进行酿造,并保留其果皮及葡萄籽。
品鉴白葡萄酒时,需要选择高脚杯,这样可以更准确地感受酒的香气。
玫瑰葡萄酒:玫瑰葡萄酒也是一种较为特殊的葡萄酒。
正如其名,这种酒呈现出了玫瑰色、桃红色的颜色,同时,它还有一种淡淡的甜味。
与红葡萄酒不同的是,玫瑰葡萄酒的酿制同时使用红葡萄和白葡萄品种的汁液混合,通过发酵后解决选用的葡萄汁中的酸度及果糖含量问题,从而打造出这一美妙的混合色泽与独特的口感。
起泡酒:起泡酒是在原先基础上添加二氧化碳的一种酒品。
二氧化碳产生的过程中释放的气泡,使得起泡酒有了其特有的口感。
起泡酒制作的关键在于选用正确的酿造方法。
目前,起泡酒酿造主要有两种方法:标准法和传统法。
标准法可以用于生产比较大规模的起泡酒,而传统法则主要用于制作高品质起泡酒。
总之,葡萄酒知识量虽然不算特别大,但是深入的了解和品鉴依旧需要学习。
葡萄酒是一种精致而优雅的酒类,所需要品味的语言与交流方式与其特有的气质仿佛成为了一件艺术品。
启发我们不仅仅是品尝,更是一种共鸣与感知。
让我们共同感受葡萄酒泛滥的魅力吧!。
红酒专业术语
第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒V ermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒V odka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物V olatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应V olatile Phenols:挥发性酚V anillan:香子兰V anillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒品鉴的基本术语
葡萄酒品鉴的基本术语葡萄酒是一种具有悠久历史的饮品,它有着丰富的风味和复杂的口感,因此在品鉴过程中需要使用一些特定的术语来描述和评价葡萄酒的品质。
本文将介绍一些葡萄酒品鉴的基本术语,帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏葡萄酒。
1. 颜色:葡萄酒的颜色可以提供关于葡萄酒类型和年份的线索。
常见的颜色包括淡黄色、金黄色、琥珀色和红色等。
颜色鲜艳而清澈的葡萄酒通常表示年份较年轻,而较为暗淡的颜色可能意味着葡萄酒经过了较长时间的陈酿。
2. 香气:葡萄酒的香气是品尝过程中不可或缺的一部分。
葡萄酒的香气可以分为果香、花香、香料香等不同的类型。
不同的葡萄品种和酿造方法会赋予葡萄酒不同的香气特征,如黑醋栗、草莓、薄荷、香草等。
3. 口感:葡萄酒的口感是品尝过程中最直接的感受之一。
口感可以分为轻盈、丰满、柔滑、干涩等不同的属性。
轻盈的口感通常意味着葡萄酒的酸度较高,而丰满的口感则表示葡萄酒的单宁和甘甜度较高。
4. 酸度:葡萄酒的酸度是指酒液中所含的有机酸的含量。
适度的酸度可以赋予葡萄酒清新和活力的口感,而过高或过低的酸度则会使葡萄酒味道偏酸或偏平淡。
5. 甜度:葡萄酒的甜度指的是酒液中所含的残余糖分的含量。
不同的葡萄酒类型具有不同的甜度水平,从干型葡萄酒到甜型葡萄酒不一而足。
甜度可以通过观察葡萄酒的酒标上的标注来了解。
6. 单宁:单宁是葡萄酒中的一种物质,它赋予葡萄酒涩爽的口感。
单宁可以来自葡萄皮、葡萄籽和橡木桶等,它在葡萄酒的陈年过程中会逐渐变得柔和。
7. 余味:葡萄酒的余味是指品尝后在口中留存的味道。
好的葡萄酒通常具有持久的余味,余味可以带有水果、香草、坚果等不同的风味。
8. 平衡:葡萄酒的平衡是指葡萄酒中各种组分之间的和谐程度。
好的葡萄酒应该具有酒体、酸度、单宁和甜度等各个方面的平衡,没有任何一种成分过于突出。
9. 长相:葡萄酒的长相是指酒液在杯中的表现。
好的葡萄酒应该具有清澈的外观,没有悬浮物和混浊。
10. 品质:葡萄酒的品质是指葡萄酒的整体表现和口感。
红酒的十二个专业术语
酒腿指摇杯后顺着杯壁流下来的酒液。
一般而言,酒腿越多,酒体越饱满,酒精含量越高。
2—紧涩:
如果用紧涩形容一款酒,则该酒多处于年轻阶段。
口感和香气不够丰富,因此需要继续陈年才能更好的表现。
3—还原:
还原指酒精发酵期间与氧气隔绝,在这种情况下,缺氧常会在酒液里产生硫化物的味道。
4—氧化:
如果一款酒被氧化了,说明该酒充分地暴露在空气里,喝起来会有不新鲜或者陈腐的感觉。
5—醇香:
醇香主要形容成熟的葡萄酒的香气特征,成熟的葡萄酒需要很长时间才能发展出复杂的醇香。
6—单宁:
单宁天然地存在于葡萄皮,葡萄梗以及葡萄籽中,有助于葡萄酒的陈年,是一种天然的防腐剂。
7—风土:
风土是法语术语,是葡萄种植地所有自然环境的总和。
酒体指葡萄酒入口后舌头感受到的重量感,有轻、中、重之分。
9—粘度:
粘度指酒液的浓厚程度以及抵抗运动的程度。
粘度越高,究竟浓稠度越明显。
10—天鹅绒般(丝滑、顺滑):
该术语可形容一款酒的口感如天鹅绒般丝滑。
一般来说,这也意味着该酒的单宁十分柔顺。
11—单一品种葡萄酒:
单一品种葡萄酒得名于酿酒所用的特定葡萄品种。
12—干涩:
该术语用于描述口中的干涩和粗糙,多由高单宁或者高酸引起。
在不同情况下葡萄酒销售专业话术
在不同情况下葡萄酒销售专业话术葡萄酒销售专业话术在不同情况下可以有很多不同的用途,包括吸引顾客、提供产品知识、解决客户问题等。
下面是一些例子:社交场合下的吸引顾客话术:1.“您好,我是[店名]的葡萄酒专家,我注意到您对我们这款葡萄酒感兴趣。
这款酒的原产地是法国勃艮地,以其浓郁的果香和柔和的单宁而闻名。
”2.“看到您喜欢红葡萄酒,我推荐我们这款加利福尼亚产的黑比诺,它有深红色的颜色和丰富的水果味道,非常适合与牛肉或起司搭配。
”提供产品知识的话术:3.“这款酒是我们酒庄的经典之作,以其优雅的口感和橡木桶陈年的特点而受到赞誉。
它适合与烤肉或海鲜搭配,因为它的酸度和单宁能够平衡食物的油腻感。
”4.“我们这款霞多丽是从新西兰马尔伯勒地区的葡萄园中精心挑选而来的,这个地区以其凉爽的气候和土壤产生出果香浓郁的葡萄酒。
它是一个很好的选择,无论是作为单独享用还是与白肉或海鲜搭配。
”解决客户问题的话术:5.“听说您对传统的波尔多红酒感兴趣,但您又想尝试一些新的风味。
我推荐我们这款由传统图斯卡纳葡萄和法国橡木桶陈年的葡萄酒。
它兼具传统与创新的特点,一定能够符合您的口味。
”6.“了解到您有红酒过敏的问题,我们这款低硫葡萄酒是一个很好的选择。
它经过特殊的酿造过程,减少了二氧化硫的使用,同时保留了酒的优雅和风味,非常适合敏感肌肤的人群。
”这些话术可以帮助销售人员吸引顾客,并提供关于葡萄酒的知识和解决客户问题的方案。
然而,销售人员也应该根据每个顾客的需求和口味进行个性化的推荐,以增加销售机会。
葡萄酒英语
葡萄酒专业词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类Vitaceae:葡萄科Vine:葡萄树American Vine:美洲种葡萄Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar:栽培品种Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄Table Grape:鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety:葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠Carignan:佳利酿Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆Italian Riesling:贵人香Grey Risling:灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc:白麝香Pinot Blanc(France:)白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste:品尝Clarity:清澈、透明Transparent:透明的Sensation;感觉Bitter Flavors:苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味Stemmy:果梗味Reduction Smell:还原味Oxidative Smell:氧化味Harmony:协调性Odour:气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma:果香Bouquet:酒香Body:酒体Perception:感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny:黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown:褐色的Round:圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的Harmonious:协调的Supple:柔顺的Soft:柔软的Smooth:平滑的Mellower:醇美的Lively:充满活力的Rich:饱满的,馥郁的Fine:细腻的Fresh:清新的Well-balanced:平衡良好的Subtle:微妙的, 精细的Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的Luscious:甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil:恬静的Spicy:辛辣的Tart:尖酸的Harsh,Hard:粗糙的Lighter:清淡的、轻盈的Thin:单薄的Flat:平淡的Unbalanced:不平衡的Spoiled,Unsound:败坏的Fuller:浓郁的Vinous:酒香的Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant:开胃的、辛辣的Tart:尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent:收敛的、苦涩的Conflict:不和谐的Stale:走味的,沉滞的Dull:呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste:硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour:硫化氢味Taste of Lees:酒泥味Mousiness:鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky:木塞味ouldy Taste,Musty Taste:霉味Cooked Taste:老化味Resinous:树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste:橡木味,木味Smoke Taste:烟熏味Metallic Flavour:金属味Earthy Taste:泥土味Herbaceous Taste:青草味After Taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Jar:斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶Palate:味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet:香味Ice-Bucket:冰桶Fruity:果味的Subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition:营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol:甾醇Vitamin:维生素Tocopherol:VE,生育酚Thiamine:VB1,硫胺素Flavin:黄素Riboflavin:VB2,核黄素Nicotinic Acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination:检测Titration:滴定Dilute:稀释Litmus Paper:石蕊试纸Reagent:试剂Goggle:护目镜Flask:烧瓶Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)Distilled Water:蒸馏水Hydrometer:液体比重计Refractometer:手持糖量仪High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):高效液相色谱Paper Chromatography:纸层析法Specific Gravity:比重Sodium Hydroxide:氢氧化钠(NaOH)Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾Phenolphthalein:酚酞Pipette:移液管Erlenmeyer Flask:锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal:活性碳Whatman Filter Paper:沃特曼滤纸PH-meter:PH计Titration End-point:滴定终点Buffer Solution:缓冲液Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate:酒石酸氢钾Calibrate:校准Electrode:电极Starch Indicator:淀粉指示剂Sulphuric Acid:硫酸Pyrex Beaker:耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide:碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO3)Hydrogen Peroxide:过氧化氢(H2O2)Orthophosphoric Acid:正磷酸Methyl-red:甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter):酒精计Thermometer:温度计Pycnometer:比重瓶Formic Acid:甲酸(蚁酸)Sodium Formate:甲酸钠Bromophenol Blue:溴酚蓝Agar Plating:琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar:巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar:玉米粉琼脂Egg Albumin Agar:卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar:甘油琼脂Malt Agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)Nutrient Agar:营养琼脂Plain Agar:普通琼脂Starch Agar:淀粉琼脂Potato-dextrose Agar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Petri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope:低倍显微镜Micro-loop:接种环Micro-needle:接种针Alcohol Lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse:铜破败病Ferric Casse:铁破败病Proteinic Casse:蛋白质破败病Blue Casse:蓝色破败病White Casse:白色破败病Oxidasic Casse:氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease:细菌病害Mannitic Disease:甘露醇病。
葡萄酒法语词汇
葡萄酒法语词汇ACERBE (酸涩): 大量的单宁和酸度带来生涩且偏酸的口感。
酸、涩两种味道会互相增强,一款酸涩的葡萄酒平衡感明显不足。
它缺少柔滑圆润的感觉。
ACIDITÉ (酸度): 当酸度不是很强时,它会使一款酒具有平衡感,感觉清新爽口。
当酸度过强,它就成了一种缺点,葡萄酒辛辣且生涩。
另一方面,如果酸度不够,酒则会感觉平淡。
酸度大部分来自于葡萄藤的新成代谢。
酒石酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸是葡萄和葡萄酒里的主要酸性物质。
AGRÉABLE (感觉舒适) : 没有不足AIMABLE (令人愉悦) : 葡萄酒的所有特质都不会过于突出,令人倍感舒适。
ALCOOL (酒精) :乙基赋予葡萄酒温暖的特质。
如果酒精过重,葡萄酒会在上颚产生一种燃烧的感觉。
当然它也会让葡萄酒变得柔和,同时平衡酸度。
酒精度表示葡萄酒里所含酒精的多少(用葡萄酒中所含酒精的百分比表示)。
ALIGOTÉ (阿里高特) : 勃艮第地区种植的一种白葡萄品种,酿造出清新、带有青苹果和柠檬香味的葡萄酒。
ALTESSE (阿尔地斯): 生长于萨伏依的一种白葡萄品种,酿出的葡萄酒带着山上青草的香气。
AMBRE (苦):漫长的陈酿过程或者因为过早氧化,白葡萄酒会产生一些苦味,呈现深金黄色,并闪烁着深棕色光泽。
在甜葡萄酒里,这种色彩是陈年旧酿的标志,代表非常理想的酒品。
AMERTUME (苦味病):对于某些富含单宁的年轻红葡萄酒来说非常正常。
(收敛性和苦味病是两种会逐渐增强的味道)在某些情况下,苦味病是由于马洛乳酸发酵过程中的细菌感染引发的疾病。
AMPÉLOGRAPHIE (葡萄品种学):一门研究葡萄品种、形状、生长状态和起源的科学。
AMPLE (丰润):指葡萄酒平衡良好,口感醇厚持久.ANIMAL (动物的): 这些味道让人想起了动物王国:麝香,鹿肉,皮革……在酒龄较大的红葡萄酒中较为常见,往往是重新装瓶和陈放过程所产生的气味。
葡萄酒常用英文术语(Englishtermforwine)
葡萄酒常用英文术语(English term for wine)English symbol for wineACCESSIBLE (has been drinking) - can taste wine; drink wine; wine without storage, mature wine and wine than expected early.ACETIC ACID (acetic acid) - all alcohol containing slight imperceptible acetate (about 0.03% -0.06%). If the proportion is more than 0.1%, the acidity will become obvious, like the smell of nail polish.ACID, ACIDITY (acidity) - wine acid is an important factor in the structure and thickness of wines (especially white wines). If it is not balanced with other elements, such as tannins, it can cause defects. Tart or Sour is usually used to describe wines with too high acidity. The acidity of the liqueur is slightly higher than that of the liqueur.AFTERTASTE (aftertaste, return to GaN) - refers to the back of the throat into the gan. This time with the sweet wine stay in your mouth smell will vary with spicy feeling, the longer the better finish said, is the last Wine enjoy a pleasant project.AGE/AGED (aged / mature) - aged white wine usually converted from green to golden yellow. Bordeaux red wine from purple to red, Burgundy purple red brick by. The actual color change depends on the grape variety.AGGRESSIVE (Nong Lie) - refers to the wine containing Nong Lie's tannins, very dry and still aged.ALCOHOLIC (alcohol, alcohol) - 1. poor balance produces the flavor of alcohol. A strong alcohol flavor that covers the fruit and produces a glowing sensation.2. the alcohol concentration in wine must be indicated in the statute. Generally speaking, there should be no more than 14% alcoholic drinks. However, there are exceptions,As some Zinfandel wine will be relatively high accuracy.ALMOND (almond) - tinged with a sweet, usually the taste of Italy liquor.American Oak (American oak) - Sauvignon with American oak, Melo and Zinfandel will have strong vanilla, Dill (nine storey tower) and Chinese fir flavor.ANISE (anise) - a little licorice root. Most of the Spanish red wine has this flavor.APPLE (Apple) - apple flavor 1. rich, you can get a slight taste in oak Chardonnay.2. fresh apple flavor is Riesling liquor flavor.3. immature grapes have a green apple flavor.4. sour apples indicate that the wine is beginning to oxidize.APRICOT (apricot) - Apricot flavor usually occurs in sweet white wine and occasionally occurs in red wine.AROMA (aroma) - the smell of wine. Second steps in wine tasting. Some people use Aroma to represent the aroma of new wine, while bouquet represents the already ripe fragrance.ASTRINGENT (dry, astringency) - Grape tannin can make oral mucous membrane collect, produce dry feeling, often appear in the advanced wine that is not ripe.ATTACK (first taste) - the technical term for the first impression after the wine entrance. The first impression of champagne is the thickness of the bubbles, while the red wine is tannin.AUSTERE (dry, acidic), there are two kinds of explanation, (1) dry, usually occurs in younger wines, (2) slightly acidic, as in Chablis.BACKBONE (spindle) - the main shaft of wine. The fruit is too heavy, and the lack of tannin and proper acidity will be called "no spindle," which is detrimental to aging.BACKWARD (backward) - describes a bottle of wine that lacks his or her past or other wines of the same period, and may also serve as a wine for delaying maturity.BALANCED (balance) - all fruit flavours, tannins, wines, acids, and alcohol levels are properly balanced.BANANA (banana) - a special flavor, usually appear in the Beaujolais wine.BARNYARD (earthy) - red wine often slightly earthy, but a lot of wine home Barnyard to describe the Burgundy wine, and Earthy in Bordeaux.BEAUJOLAIS-LIKE (Beaujolais style) - light and fresh fruit, especially cherry flavor, almost feel tannic wine. Suitable for young enjoyment.BERRY (berry, jam, fruit) - cherries, grapes, all belong to jam fruit. A lot of red wine, especially Bordeaux red wine, has berry fruit, but only slightly different. Xian Dai fly the red grapes have strong berry fruit.BIG (strong) - describes tannins and acidity that are very strong and average, and can be aged for a long time. But excessive strong wine, there is no balance of worry.BITTER (bitterness) tannin can make wine have a slight bitter taste, but bitter wine may have gone bad. Italy wine and sweet wine occasionally with bitter aftertaste.BLACK CHERRY (black cherry) - a very common fragrance in red wines such as Melo and pinot.BLACK COFFEE (black coffee) - usually found in mature California Sauvignon grapes, is a pungent fragrance.BLACK FRUIT (black fruit) - a combination of black cherries, blackberries, Mei Zi and other similar scents, is often found in fine red wines.BLACK PEPPER (black pepper) - a fragrant, special scent that can be found almost exclusively in wines produced in hotter red wine regions.BLACKBERRY (blackberry) is a common aroma in red wine.BLACKCURRANT (blackcurrant) - one of the common fruits of Bordeaux red wine.BLUEBERRY (blueberry) -- is another unusual smell, but in grape wine brewed by Fernando can be found.Body (structure) - the tannins of the wine, the acidity and the alcohol combined feeling. With low, moderate and strong to describe.BOUQUET (aroma) - commonly used in mature wines, please see Aroma. Now, generally, wine reviewers rarely make a distinction between the two. To be strictly distinguished, Bouquet belongs to the complex aroma after sober.BOXWOOD (yellow poplar) - shrubs, but it smells like cat pee, usually appear in some Sauvignon Blanc??.BRAMBLE FRUIT (berries). Berries and mulberry, is Zinfandel certain smell.BRASS (Huang Tongshai) - used to describe sweet or old white liquors.BREATHE/BREATHING (sober) - a newly opened bottle of wine that is mouldy with sulphur and cork for a long time,It takes a while to breathe the air into this flavor.BRIGHT (transparent, proper acidity) - used to describe extremely clear colors or high and sour wines.BRILLIANT (transparent) - the unusual clarity and clarity of the wine is not necessarily a compliment; it may be a consequence of severe filtration.BROWN SUGAR (sweet sugar) - less sweet but pleasant caramel flavor.BURNT MATCH (coke match) - a smell that smells like a freshly extinguished match, perhaps a slightly higher level of sulfuric acid in the wine.BUTTER, BUTTERY (cream) - strong creamy incense, found in Sataungne's wine, often found in this flavor. The common white wine also produces this flavor after a lactic acid fermentation process.CANDIED, CANDIED, FRUIT (candy flavored, candy flavored) - a common fragrance of spirits made from nova.CANTALOUPE (muskmelon flavor) - made Pinot Blanc liquor often have a scent.CARAMEL (caramel flavor) - oak ageing remaining fragrance. Butif you use artificial sugar in the fermentation process, you may also have this flavor.CASSIS (cassis) - France blackcurrant wine, Bordeaux wine often taste.CAT SPRAY (cat urine, cat fleas, water flavor) - a bit like musk, is not a negative adjective. Sauvignon Blanc wines often have this kind of taste.CEDAR (Cedar smell) - the taste of mature Sauvignon Red wine.CHERRY-BERRY (cherry flavored) - the finest red wine with this BlackBerry fruit.CHESTNUT (chestnut flavor) - the usual taste of white spirit. Especially white Burgundy wine and Sataungne.CHEWY, CHUNKY (soft clay sense) - used to describe the organization of round wine. Does it taste a little?. It can also be explained as containing strong tannin.CHILE PEPPER (hot pepper) - a potent herbs, especially wine in New Zealand Sauvignon Sauvignon wine.CHOCOLATE, DARK-CHOCOLATE (chocolate) - dark chocolate, not sweet but sweet. It's a regular red wine.CIGAR BOX (cigar box) - fir with tobacco flavor, often used to describe the Bordeaux red wine, the old Spanish red wine also has this flavor.CITRUS (Citrus incense) - General white wine, slightly sweet, and with some pungent incense.CLEAN (fresh) - there is no aversion or smell.CLOAKED (wrapped) - used to describe tannins wrapped in fruit.CLOSED (not obvious, blocked) - not obvious, still in the wine of Chen's sleep, indicating the wine's still ageing potential.CLOUDINESS, CLOUDY (turbidity) - describes the clarity of today's winemaking techniques with very few turbid wines, unless the wine has gone bad. But the old Burgundy wine occasionally a little cloudy.CLOVES (clove) - a pungent aroma, which occurs in Spanish Leo red wine.CLOYING (too sweet) - a wine that is too sour and produces a sweet phenomenon.COARSE (astringent) - because the new wine contains a strong tannin,Easy entrance charge?? the oral mucosa caused by dry feeling, suitable for new wine aging will astringent. A good wine tastes bitter, but a general wine tastes bitter and astringent.COCONUT (coconut flavor) - a common flavor of American oak.COMPLEX (complex) - a variety of flavors. Usually a compliment, a good wine with a high degree of complexity, but a wine with a complex taste is not necessarily good wine.CONSISTENT (coordinated) - flavor, taste and texture are full consistent.CORKED, CORKY (cork flavor, spoiled) - improper or prolonged preservation, usually used to indicate that the wine has gone bad.COTTON CANDY (cotton candy) - generation wine Beaujolais type flavor.CREAMY (dense and buttery - compliant) meaning.CRISP (lively, crisp green) - fresh, with some acid. Compliment. Describe liquor in the majority.DELICATE (delicately elegant) describes the wine as complex but has its own unique features.DEMI-SEC (micro - medium sweet) - sec means "dry" in French, but refers to "slightly sweet" in wine, especially champagne.DEPTH (depth) refers to the complex and concentrated aroma of wine.DIESEL (diesel) - the usual taste of German spirits. Is not a negative adjective. We usually use mineral flavor to describe the aroma of red wine.DILL (Shi Luo) - Herb flavor, often in the oak barrel of the United States, is a common aroma of California sauvignon.DIRTY, DIRTY, SOCKS (smelly sock flavor) - as it is called, an indecent smell. May come from unclean casks or corks.Dominant (excessive) - some kind of fragrance is too strong to go beyond other scents. Non compliment.DRY (not sweet) - meaning, not sweet, and French sec synonyms, used in liquor, do not because of mistaken word stem.DRYING OUT (fading) - the peak of the wine has passed, the fruit is no longer, leaving only tannin and alcohol.DUMB (potential) - still aged wine.EARTHY (earthy) - not negative adjectives, which have some earthy feeling, Burgundy wine is often the adjective, but not too heavy.EASY (simple) - easy entrance, featureless daily wine.EMPTY (hollow) - a wine without a spindle, synonymous with HOLLOW.ESTATE BOTTLED (winery bottling) - in Europe, the law stipulates that franchised wines must be bottled in wineries. New world wineries will have this marked on the label, to express the bottled wine grapes from this genus or vineyard,to improve consumer confidence.EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus flavor), taste a symplectic Xiangru eucalyptus tree dish, the level of the California and Chile Sauvignon often with fragrance.FADING (recession) - the wine is over its peak, losing colour, fruit, and characteristics.FAT (hypertrophy) refers to a full band entrance wine, a little greasy feeling, depending on what kind of wine is described, the Sauternes liquor, is a compliment, not necessarily to other wine.FINISH (aftertaste) - finish, feeling the residual wine under the throat, one of the important conditions of good and bad judgment of wine.Same meaning as AFTERTASTEFLAT, FLABBY (insipid) - wine lacks acidity or has no fruity flavor, indicating that the wine is poorly structured.FLESHY (too much oil) - compliant but low tannins, describe the general table wine.FLORAL, FLOWERY (flowers) - lots of white wine has this smell. But not too strong. Some Spanish and Italy wines also have floral fragrance.FOREST FLOOR (wet grass) - early morning dew leaves, fresh andcomfortable.FORWARD (direct) - direct taste. Neutral adjective. Also refers to the wine which has been fully grown.FRAGILE (fully mature) - indicating that the wine has reached its peak and can not be aged, must be served as soon as possible to appreciate the wine's best condition.FRAGRANT (fragrance) - rich fragrance said.FRESH (fresh), have many different meanings, used in wine, wine is not turbid refers to the unknown taste. In wine, champagne or wine Beaujolais style refers to the aroma of fresh and simple.FRUIT BOMB (heavy fruit) - heavy fruity wines such as beaujolais. Good to drink, but monotonous.FRUIT, FRUITY (fruit flavor) - indicates that the wine has a full fruity flavour, but not a particular flavor. Used in the top red wine is not a compliment. Usually good wine can tell the difference between good smell and good smell.FULL, FULL-BODIED (full thickness) - tannin, wine, acid and alcohol concentration control is very good. Strong potential.GARNET (dark garnet red) - describe the color of the wine.GOLD (golden yellow) - describe the color of the wine.Sweet white wine turns yellow when it is aged. Especially the top sauternes.GRAPEFRUIT (grapefruit), Sauvignon Blanc and German common flavor liquor.GRAPEY (grape flavor) - plain regular wine, with a simple grape flavor, without depth.GRASSY, HAY (grass flavor) - grass flavor, with a little fishy. Negative adjectives. Sauvignon Blanc often.GREEN OLIVE (green olive flavor) - a taste of Su Di weng. Close to blackcurrant flavor.GREEN BEAS (PEA flavor) - commonly used to describe the aroma of white wine.GREEN PEPPERS (green pepper flavor) - describe a slightly pungent grass flavor.GREEN (grass green flavor) - a general term for green plant flavor.GRIP (solid) - well organized, with a thick, thick taste, is used to describe Potter and especially strong red wines.HARD (solid) - describe the tall tannins and acidity of the young red wine.HARMONIOUS (coordination) - very average, perfect wine.HARSH (coarse) - Describes wines with strong tannins and alcohol.HAZELNUT (hazelnut fruity) - Italy red wine often with obvious hazelnut fruit. It's kind of bitter, very special.HAZY (not clear) - the clarity of the wine. Be careful with this noun, a lot of unfiltered and new year good wine or bad wine will be the same, and cloudy is not the same.HERBAL, HERBACEOUS (herb flavor) - grass flavor, herb flavor.HOLLOW,EMPTY (empty) - the process of wine from the entrance to the lower throat, empty and without special feeling.HONEY (honey) - Honey often occurs in sweet white wine.HOT (full bodied) - alcohol / acid treatment is not balanced. Make alcohol feel too strong.INKY (as dark as ink) - deep red. Of wine; dark red and dark as ink.JAMMY (jammy) - fruit concentrate, American gold Fangdai often have such situation.JUICY (fruit juice) - a compliment that describes the wine as fruity and smooth and pleasant.LAVENDER (Lavender) - usually appear in the Languedoc and Provence red wine.LEAD PENCIL (pencil crumbs) - many Bordeaux wines have pencil crumbs, especially in Paule.LEAFY (grass flavor) - grass flavor.LEAN (monotone) - because the wine is too high and poorly balanced, it is especially appetizing at mealtime.LEATHER (leather flavor) - old wine often have a taste of leather. Old wine especially in oak barrels, such as Leo, spain.LEMON, LEMONY, LEMON-LIME (lemon flavor) - dry white wine, almost with a hint of lemon.Wine gradeFrance:A.O.C: Legal wineV.D.Q.S: good wineV.D.P: regional meal wineV.D.T: regular mealGermany:1. Tafelwein: daily wine;2. Landwein: regional meal wine;Threequalitaetswein produced in specified regions: 简称qba, 优质葡萄酒;4. qualitaetswein with praedikat: 简称qmp, 特别优质酒.qmp级别内根据葡萄不同的成熟度, 还可以细分为6个等级:1. cabinet: 珍藏2. spatlese: 晚收3. selection: 精选4. 简称ba, 颗粒精选 beerenauslese:5. trockenbeerenauslese: 简称tba, 用深度贵腐的葡萄酿成, 葡萄大概要失去95% 的水分, 酿成的酒也最甜.tba等级的葡萄酒有的时候就如同蜂蜜那么浓稠, 由于产量很少所以价格通常很高.6. eiswein: 冰酒, 是用冰冻的葡萄酿造的酒.葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类vitaceae: 葡萄科vine: 葡萄树american vine: 美洲种葡萄franco american: 欧美杂交种hybrid: 杂交品种wild grape (vine): 野生葡萄prize: 栽培品种wine grape: 酿酒葡萄table grape: 鲜食葡萄seedless grape: 无核 (籽) 葡萄grape (vine) variety: 葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:cabernet sauvignon (france): 赤霞珠cabernet franc (france): 品丽珠cabernet gernischt (france): 蛇龙珠carignan: 佳利酿Sinsaut (France): Divine cordGamay (France): CamryGrenache (Spain): GrenacheMerlot (France): Mei LuzhePetit Verdot (France): much morePinot Noir (France): Pinot NoirRuby Cabernet (America): RubySangiovese (Italy): San Jon VesseySyrah (France): SilasZinfandel (America): Fang De DeMuscat Hamburg: rose scentSaperavi (Former, Soviet, Union): late red honey Three. White grape varieties:Aligote (France): Ali GautChardonney (France): ChardonnayChenin Blanc (France): Chenin BlancTraminer (Germany): Qiong YaojiangItalian Riesling: noble fragranceGrey Risling: RieslingWhite, Riesling (Germany): RieslingMuller-Thurgau (Germany): MillerMuscat Blanc: White MuskPinot Blanc (France:) Bai PinleSauvignon Blanc (France): everlasting longing for you Selillon (France): United States RongSilvaner (Germany): sylvanerUgni Blanc (France): white jadeFolle Blanche (France): Bai FuerColombard (France): pigeon cage whiteLong, Yan (China, Changcheng): LonganRkatsiteli (Former, Soviet, Union): Bai Yu 四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet (France): 紫北塞Yan 73 (China, Changyu 烟73):Yan 74 (China, Changyu 烟74):葡萄酒品尝Taste: 品尝Clarity: 清澈、透明Transparent: 透明的感觉 Sensation;Bitter Flavors: 苦味OFF OFF - Flavor, Smell Odour: 异味果梗味 stemmy:Smell: 还原味 reductionSmell: 氧化味 oxidativeHarmony: 协调性Odour: 气味Olfactory: 嗅觉的Scent: 植物香气Aroma: 果香Bouquet: 酒香Body: 酒体Perception: 感觉Amber: 琥珀色的Ruby: 宝石红色Tawny: 黄褐色Violet: 紫罗兰色Pink: 紫红色Brown: 褐色的Round: 圆润的Full: 完整的、丰满的Harmonious: 协调的Supple: 柔顺的Soft: 柔软的Smooth: 平滑的Mellower: 醇美的Lively: 充满活力的Rich: 饱满的, 馥郁的Fine: 细腻的Fresh: 清新的Well balanced: 平衡良好的Subtle: 微妙的, 精细的柔软的、温和的、柔顺的 Velvety: Fragrant: 芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery: fragrant flowers Syrupy: wonderful, sweet Mellow: luscious, round, softLuscious: luscious and fragrant Tranquil: quietSpicy: spicyTart: tartHarsh, Hard: roughLighter: light and lightThin: thinFlat: PlainUnbalanced: unbalanced Spoiled, Unsound: corrupted Fuller: full-bodiedVinous: BouquetCoarse: rough, roughPiquant: appetizing and spicy Tart: bitter and acrimoniousAstringent: astringent and bitterConflict: discordantStale: stale, slowDull: dull and lifelessSulphur Taste: sulfur flavorHydrogen Sulphide odour: hydrogen sulfide flavor Taste, of, Lees: the smell of wine and mud Mousiness: rat odorCorked, Taste, Corkiness, Corky: cork smell Ouldy, Taste, Musty, Taste: mustyCooked Taste: aging flavorResinous: resin flavorCasky (Woody) Taste: oak, wood flavorSmoke Taste: the smell of smokeMetallic Flavour: metallic smellEarthy Taste: earthy tasteHerbaceous Taste: the grass smell After Taste: after tasteWine appreciation and service Wine Bar: BarSommelier: Sommelier标签:酒标水瓶:斟酒壶酒:斟酒漏斗漏斗细颈玻璃壶滗水器:饮料:饮料软饮料:软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶口感:味觉、鉴赏力布凯:香味冰桶:冰桶水果:果味的消退:沉淀物。
酿酒有关的名词解释
酿酒有关的名词解释酿酒是人类文明的一项重要发明,在世界各地都有悠久的历史。
这项艺术与科学相结合的手艺,有着独特的名词和术语,用于描述不同的酒类,工艺和品鉴等方面。
本文将为您解释一些与酿酒相关的重要名词,帮助您更好地了解这个古老而神奇的行业。
一、葡萄酒1. 葡萄酒是最常见的酒类之一,由葡萄果实经过发酵而成。
不同葡萄品种和酿酒工艺的差异会产生各种口感和风味。
常见的葡萄酒类型包括红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒和起泡葡萄酒等。
2. 酒精度是指葡萄酒中酒精的含量。
酒精度指标常用百分比表示,例如12%表示每100毫升葡萄酒中含有12毫升纯酒精。
不同酒精度的葡萄酒在口感和风味上也有所差异。
3. 勃艮第是法国最著名的葡萄酒产区之一,出产的葡萄酒属于高级别的产区,以其细腻和优雅的风格而闻名。
二、威士忌1. 威士忌是一种烈性酒,以大麦为主要原料,经过发酵和蒸馏而成。
它具有复杂的风味特征,例如烟熏、果香和坚果等。
威士忌通常分为苏格兰威士忌、爱尔兰威士忌、美国威士忌和加拿大威士忌等不同类型。
2. 单一麦芽威士忌是指使用同一麦芽经过蒸馏和熟成而成的威士忌。
与之相对的是混合威士忌,它由多种不同类型的威士忌混合而成。
3. 威士忌的熟成是指威士忌在木桶中储存的时间。
熟成时间越长,威士忌的风味和复杂度越高。
三、啤酒1. 啤酒是一种发酵饮品,以谷物(如大麦)为主要原料。
通过麦芽的制作和发酵过程,产生了丰富多样的啤酒类型,包括淡啤酒、黑啤酒、IPA(印度淡色啤酒)等。
2. 酵母是制作啤酒的重要因素,它参与麦芽糖的发酵过程,产生酒精和二氧化碳。
不同类型的酵母会产生不同口感和风味的啤酒。
3. IBU(国际苦度单位)是衡量啤酒苦味程度的指标,数值越高表示啤酒的苦味越重。
一些啤酒种类,如IPA,常常具有高苦度值。
四、烈酒1. 烈酒是一类酒精浓度非常高的饮品,如伏特加、朗姆酒和龙舌兰酒等。
它们通常在制作过程中需要经历多次蒸馏,以提高酒精度。
2. 调酒是将烈酒与其他饮料和调味剂混合制作成鸡尾酒的过程。
评价红酒口感的术语
评价红酒口感的术语红酒是一种经过发酵和陈酿的葡萄酒,它具有多种不同的口感特点。
红酒的口感可以通过一系列术语来描述,这些术语可以帮助我们更好地理解和评价红酒的品质和风味。
以下是一些常见的用于评价红酒口感的术语:1. 丰满:红酒口感丰满,指的是酒体饱满、口感厚实,有一定的厚度和质感。
这种红酒通常具有较高的酒精度和浓郁的口感。
2. 平衡:红酒口感平衡,指的是酸度、甜度、单宁和酒精之间的比例和谐。
平衡的红酒口感会给人一种舒适和谐的感觉,各种元素相互配合,没有突出的成分。
3. 顺滑:红酒口感顺滑,指的是酒体柔顺、口感细腻,没有粗糙或刺激性的感觉。
顺滑的红酒通常有较低的单宁含量和较高的酒精度,适合直接饮用。
4. 芳香:红酒口感芳香,指的是酒体散发出浓郁的香气,如水果、花卉、香料等。
芳香的红酒往往具有较高的酒精度和复杂的口感,令人愉悦。
5. 清新:红酒口感清新,指的是酒体呈现出清爽、轻盈的感觉,没有沉重或压倒性的特点。
清新的红酒通常具有较低的酒精度和酸度,适合用来搭配餐前或清淡的食物。
6. 回味:红酒口感回味,指的是喝完红酒后在口腔中留下的余味。
回味可以持续较长的时间,让人难以忘怀。
好的红酒通常具有丰富的回味,使人愿意再次品尝。
7. 复杂:红酒口感复杂,指的是酒体呈现出多种不同的味道和层次,具有丰富的香气和口感。
复杂的红酒往往需要较长的陈酿时间和专业的品鉴能力才能欣赏到其真正的价值。
8. 柔和:红酒口感柔和,指的是酒体口感温和、圆润,没有刺激性或粗糙感。
柔和的红酒通常具有较低的酸度和单宁含量,适合搭配口感较轻的食物。
9. 浓郁:红酒口感浓郁,指的是酒体具有浓烈和浓重的香气和味道,给人一种强烈的感受。
浓郁的红酒通常具有较高的酒精度和浓厚的口感,适合用来搭配较重口味的食物。
10. 温暖:红酒口感温暖,指的是酒体给人一种温暖和舒适的感觉,如火炉的温暖。
温暖的红酒通常具有较高的酒精度和醇厚的口感,适合在寒冷的季节享用。
葡萄酒品种及品尝术语(中英对照)
葡萄酒品种及品尝术语(中英对照)What is Wine ? (什么是葡萄酒)(葡萄How to make Wine ? (如何酿制葡萄酒?)Grape VarietiesOak Barrel (橡⽊桶)(抽梗机)Stems (梗)Must (混合物)Pressing 榨汁机)FERMENTATI ON(发酵)AGI NG (陈年)BOTTLI NG(装瓶)(去渣、沉淀W INE 葡萄酒)Notes (注):Both American oak &French oak can be used in wine aging procession, but they have different style. (美国橡⽊桶、法国橡⽊桶都被⽤于葡萄酒的陈年,它们有各⾃不同的风格。
)Stainless Steel Tank(不锈钢桶)The taste of wine is inevitably bound up with the grape variety. The fundamental balance of sugar, acid and tannin is particular to each variety.Red Grapes (红葡萄)Cabernet Franc—Medium, blackcurrant, grassy, sometimes earth and raspberry. Cabernet sauvignon加本⼒苏维翁(⾚霞珠)---Dark, tannic, blackcurrant, cedar, mint, green pepper, chocolate, tobacco, olivesIt is the most recognizable and most versatile of the red wine grapes. The Cabernet Sauvignon grape with its thick skin thrives in warm climates and is grown throughout the world. This grape is late ripening, which makes it the slowest wine to mature. It needs time to age in oak or bottle and is at its best blended with Merlot. In Bordeaux the percentages of Cabernet Sauvignon to Merlot may vary from Chateau to Chateau but the influence of the grape is always predominate. A very good example of this grape is Chateau Cos d'Estournel. 是红葡萄品种中最为著名最为丰富多彩的⼀种。
葡萄酒的名词解释
葡萄酒的名词解释葡萄酒,作为世界上最古老和最广泛流行的酒类之一,具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。
在这个主题下,我们将逐一解释与葡萄酒相关的一些常见名词。
1. 葡萄品种:葡萄酒的口感和风味大部分来自于葡萄本身的特点。
不同的葡萄品种可以产生出各具特色的葡萄酒。
例如,梅洛葡萄(Merlot)酿造的葡萄酒通常具有柔和的口感和浓郁的果香,而赤霞珠葡萄(Cabernet Sauvignon)酿造的葡萄酒则具有浓郁的黑色水果和崎岖的单宁味道。
2. 葡萄酒产区:全球各地都有生产葡萄酒的产区,这些产区的气候、土壤和地理环境等因素会对葡萄的生长和品质产生影响。
一些著名的产区包括法国的波尔多(Bordeaux)和勃艮第(Burgundy)、意大利的托斯卡纳(Tuscany)和皮埃蒙特(Piedmont)、澳大利亚的巴罗萨谷(Barossa Valley)等。
3. 葡萄酒品质级别:葡萄酒的品质通常分为普通酒、优质酒和顶级酒三个级别。
这些级别的划分主要取决于葡萄酒的产区、葡萄种植和酿造工艺、年份等因素。
一般来说,顶级酒的质量最高,价格也最昂贵。
4. 年份:葡萄酒的年份指的是葡萄酒中所使用的葡萄的收获年份。
对于一些优质的葡萄酒,特定年份的气候条件和成熟度可以使其更加出色。
因此,年份是葡萄酒品质与口感的重要指标之一。
一些葡萄酒如波尔多左岸红酒(Left Bank Bordeaux)通常以年份来进行区分,如2005年的波尔多左岸红酒等。
5. 口感特征:葡萄酒的口感主要包括果味、单宁、酸度和酒体等方面。
果味是指葡萄酒中所散发出的各种水果的香气和味道,如桃子、黑莓和葡萄等。
单宁是葡萄酒中的一种天然化合物,给予了葡萄酒的涩感和崎岖感。
酸度则代表葡萄酒中酸的程度,它使葡萄酒更加清爽和易于储存。
酒体是指葡萄酒在口中的质感,如轻盈、中等和浓厚等。
6. 常见葡萄酒类型:除了品种和产区外,葡萄酒还可以按照不同的酿造方法和风格进行分类。
常见的类型包括红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒、起泡酒(如香槟)、甜葡萄酒(如黑加仑子酒)和贵腐葡萄酒(如索尔特恩)等。
品评葡萄酒的一些术语
品评葡萄酒的一些术语(精)ACCESSIBLE(已可饮用)已经可以品尝的酒;适饮期的酒;不需储藏的新酒,成熟的老酒和比预期早熟的酒。
ACETIC ACID(醋酸)所有酒都含有轻微而不易察觉的醋酸(约0.03% -0.06%)。
如果比例超过0.1%,酸味会变得明显,就有如指甲油般的味道。
ACID,ACIDITY(酸度)酒酸,是造成葡萄酒 (特别是白酒) 的结构及厚度的重要因素。
若与丹宁等其他元素不平衡,会造成瑕疵。
通常以 Tart或 Sour来形容酸度过高的酒。
甜酒的酸度会比不甜酒略高。
AFTERTASTE(余韵,回甘)指入喉后的回甘。
这回甘与酒停留在你口中的香味将有所不同,有辛辣的感受,余韵越长表示越好, 是欣赏葡萄酒最后的一个愉快的项目。
AGE/AGED(陈年/成熟)经陈年的白酒通常由青绿转变为金黄色。
波尔多红酒由紫转深红,布根地由紫变砖红。
实际颜色转变视葡萄品种而定。
AGGRESSIVE(浓烈)指酒内含浓烈的丹宁,非常干涩,尚需陈年。
ALCOHOLIC(酒精的酒精味)1.平衡不佳而生成酒精的味道。
浓烈的酒精味会把应有的果香覆盖,生成炽热的感受。
2.法令规完酒内的酒精浓度必需注明,一般而言,餐酒不得超过14%,然而亦有例外,如某些金芬黛的酒精度会比较高。
ALMOND(杏仁)带有些微甘味,意大利白酒通常会出现这种味道。
American Oak(美国橡木)用美国橡木桶陈酿的苏维翁,梅洛及金芬黛会有浓烈的香草,时萝(九层塔)及杉木味。
ANISE(大茴香)些微的甘草香,大部份的西班牙红酒会有这种味道。
APPLE(苹果)1.丰富的苹果香味,你可以在有轻微橡木味的莎当妮中品尝得到。
2.清新的苹果味是薏丝琳白酒的味道。
3.尚未成熟的葡萄酿制的白酒有青苹果味。
4.酸苹果味表示酒已开始氧化。
APRICOT(杏子)杏味通常会在甜白酒中出现,红酒中偶尔也会出现。
AROMA(香味)指酒闻起来的味道。
品酒的第二步骤。
有些人用Aroma代表新酒的香味, bouquet 则是代表已陈年成熟的香味。
葡萄酒专业英语词汇(很全的)
葡萄酒专业词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒V odka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2 浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2 浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物V olatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应V olatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类Vitaceae:葡萄科Vine:葡萄树American Vine:美洲种葡萄Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar:栽培品种Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄Table Grape:鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety:葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠Carignan:佳利酿Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆Italian Riesling:贵人香Grey Risling:灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc:白麝香Pinot Blanc(France:)白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73 Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste:品尝Clarity:清澈、透明Transparent:透明的Sensation;感觉Bitter Flavors:苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味Stemmy:果梗味Reduction Smell:还原味Oxidative Smell:氧化味Harmony:协调性Odour:气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma:果香Bouquet:酒香Body:酒体Perception:感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny:黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown:褐色的Round:圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的Harmonious:协调的Supple:柔顺的Soft:柔软的Smooth:平滑的Mellower:醇美的Lively:充满活力的Rich:饱满的,馥郁的Fine:细腻的Fresh:清新的Well-balanced:平衡良好的Subtle:微妙的, 精细的Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的Luscious:甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil:恬静的Spicy:辛辣的Tart:尖酸的Harsh,Hard:粗糙的Lighter:清淡的、轻盈的Thin:单薄的Flat:平淡的Unbalanced:不平衡的Spoiled,Unsound:败坏的Fuller:浓郁的Vinous:酒香的Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant:开胃的、辛辣的Tart:尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent:收敛的、苦涩的Conflict:不和谐的Stale:走味的,沉滞的Dull:呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste:硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour:硫化氢味Taste of Lees:酒泥味Mousiness:鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky:木塞味ouldy Taste,Musty Taste:霉味Cooked Taste:老化味Resinous:树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste:橡木味,木味Smoke Taste:烟熏味Metallic Flavour:金属味Earthy Taste:泥土味Herbaceous Taste:青草味After Taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Jar:斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶Palate:味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet:香味Ice-Bucket:冰桶Fruity:果味的Subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition:营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol:甾醇Vitamin:维生素Tocopherol:VE,生育酚Thiamine:VB1,硫胺素Flavin:黄素Riboflavin:VB2,核黄素Nicotinic Acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination:检测Titration:滴定Dilute:稀释Litmus Paper:石蕊试纸Reagent:试剂Goggle:护目镜Flask:烧瓶Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)Distilled Water:蒸馏水Hydrometer:液体比重计Refractometer:手持糖量仪High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):高效液相色谱Paper Chromatography:纸层析法Specific Gravity:比重Sodium Hydroxide:氢氧化钠(NaOH)Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾Phenolphthalein:酚酞Pipette:移液管Erlenmeyer Flask:锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal:活性碳Whatman Filter Paper:沃特曼滤纸PH-meter:PH 计Titration End-point:滴定终点Buffer Solution:缓冲液Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate:酒石酸氢钾Calibrate:校准Electrode:电极Starch Indicator:淀粉指示剂Sulphuric Acid:硫酸Pyrex Beaker:耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide:碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO3)Hydrogen Peroxide:过氧化氢(H2O2)Orthophosphoric Acid:正磷酸Methyl-red:甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter):酒精计Thermometer:温度计Pycnometer:比重瓶Formic Acid:甲酸(蚁酸)Sodium Formate:甲酸钠Bromophenol Blue:溴酚蓝Agar Plating:琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar:巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar:玉米粉琼脂Egg Albumin Agar:卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar:甘油琼脂Malt Agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基) Nutrient Agar:营养琼脂Plain Agar:普通琼脂Starch Agar:淀粉琼脂Potato-dextrose Agar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Petri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope:低倍显微镜Micro-loop:接种环Micro-needle:接种针Alcohol Lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse:铜破败病Ferric Casse:铁破败病Proteinic Casse:蛋白质破败病Blue Casse:蓝色破败病White Casse:白色破败病Oxidasic Casse:氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease:细菌病害Mannitic Disease:甘露醇病。
法国葡萄酒酒标常用词汇中英文对照表
法国葡萄酒酒标常用词汇中英文对照表法国葡萄酒酒标常用词汇中英文对照表作者:红酒久久对于葡萄酒新手来说,酒标是比较难看懂的,而且各个国家的酒标都有所不同,这更添加了难度,现在红酒人把主要几个国家的葡萄酒酒标上的常用语英汉对照整理出来,希望对大家有用。
法国葡萄酒酒标常用词汇中英文对照表以下为法国酒标上的一些常用语介绍,这些用语可以帮助您多认识一点葡萄酒喔。
Appellation......Controlee:法定产区等级葡萄酒,简称AOC。
通常在.......加入被认定为AOC酒的地域名,例如AppellationBordeauxControlee指的就是波尔多的AOC酒。
Blanc:白葡萄酒。
Chateau:城堡酒庄。
Cave cooperative:合作酒厂。
Cru:葡萄园Grand Cru:最优良的特等葡萄园。
Grand Cru Class意思就是〝高级品〞Demi sec:半干型葡萄酒,含些微糖份。
Doux:甜葡萄酒。
Domaine:独立酒庄。
Mis En Bouteille:装瓶。
以在酒庄装酒为最佳,称为〝酒庄原装酒〞Negociant:葡萄酒仲介商。
酒商会和葡萄酒栽种者签订合约,然后看是要原酒或是另行调配装瓶出售。
Proprietaire recoltant:自产葡萄、酿酒的葡萄农。
Premier cru:次于特等葡萄园但优于一般等级的葡萄园。
Rouge:红葡萄酒。
Rose:玫瑰红酒。
Sec:干型葡萄酒,不含糖份。
VIN:葡萄酒。
VDQS:上好指定酒。
Vin de Pays:产地酒。
是仅限定葡萄产地的葡萄酒,其限定较AOC所规定的少,价钱也比较和理。
Vin de Table:普通餐酒。
不受规定约束的酒,任何产地的葡萄酒都可以拿来混合酿造。
藉由混合酿造来降低成本是这种酒的特征,美味与否全凭生产者的巧手,无等级之分。
意大利葡萄酒酒标常用词汇中英文对照表Abbocato:甜酒Amabile:微甜酒Amaro:略带苦味的酒Annata:年Ascutto:干酒,也就是不含糖份的意思。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
品酒、品尝(Tasting)
就是“试喝”葡萄酒,通过试喝可以了解葡萄酒的口味、香气、色泽等。
盲饮(Blind Tasting)
盖住酒瓶的酒标来试喝。
通过色、香、味来猜测葡萄品种、酒标、生产年份等。
换瓶醒酒、过酒(Decantage)
为了清除瓶底的葡萄酒沉淀物,而把酒瓶上部清澈的葡萄酒倒入其他容器(醒酒瓶)里的做法。
勃艮第(Bourgogne)
法国东部的葡萄酒产区,由荣纳省(Yonne)、夜丘(Cote de Nuits)、波恩丘(Cote de Beaune)、莎隆内丘(Cote de Chalonnaise)、马孔内(Maconnais)、薄酒莱(Beaujolais)等6个区组成。
出产的酒,酒瓶形状是女性化的“削肩”形。
波尔多(Bordeaux)
法国西南部的葡萄酒产区,梅铎(Medoc)、格拉芙(Graves)、苏玳(Sauternes)、柏美洛(Pomerol)、圣特美隆(St.Emilion)等区是有名的产地,酒瓶形状是男性化的“耸肩”形。
年份(Vintage)
指的是葡萄的采收年份。
葡萄的好坏决定着葡萄酒的品质,所以“年份”成为酒是否美味的判断指标。
酒窖(cellar)
冰藏瓶装葡萄酒的冰库。
男/女侍酒师(sommelier/sommeliere)
一手包办从葡萄酒的进货管理到客户服务等事宜的葡萄酒专家,也需要进行资格鉴定考试。
酒厂、酒园(Domaine)
勃艮第地区用来栽种葡萄、酿造葡萄酒的地方。
酒庄、酒堡(Chateau)
波尔多地区用来栽种葡萄、酿造葡萄酒的地方。
贵腐葡萄酒
口感圆润、香醇的甜白酒。
采用被灰霉菌(botrytis cinerea)感染的葡萄酿造而成的甜葡萄酒。
DRC
Domaine de La Romanee Conti(罗曼尼-康帝酒厂)的简称。
勃艮第地区的顶级酿酒厂,生产著名的“罗曼尼-康帝”葡萄酒。
风土条件(Terroir)
葡萄园周围环境和土地特性的总称。
包括土壤、地形、气候等。
这些条件对葡萄酒的风味有很大影响。
酒渣
陈年红葡萄酒中常见的沉淀物。
陈放多年后,色素和单宁发生变化而产生的物质。
口感(attaque)
喝葡萄酒时的第一印象。
口感不够鲜明的葡萄酒,会给人松软无力的印象。
果香(Aroma)
葡萄酒所具有的葡萄自身的水果芳香。
葡萄果香被称作“第一果香”,发酵过程中酵母和乳酸所形成的香气被称为“第二果香”,进一步熟成后,混杂了多种香气的熟成香,则被称为“酒香(bouquet)”。
软木塞味(bouchonne)
软木塞使葡萄酒沾染到发霉般的臭味,因此产生的葡萄酒变质现象。
这种软木塞味的特征很微妙,很难下定义。
第一次喝到的人,必须有第三者指出才能领会。
液缘(edge)
葡萄酒液面的边缘部分。
观察液缘的色泽、透明度和颜色的深浅,多半可以看出葡萄酒的潜力(potential)。
特级葡萄园(Grand Cru)
在波尔多梅铎区的5等级制和圣特美隆的2等级制中,都指的是最上等的葡萄园。
勃艮第地区则用来指顶级的“特级葡萄园”。
酒标(Etiquette)
Etiquette是德语“票”的意思,用在葡萄酒上就是指“标签”。
酒标上注明了葡萄品种、原产地、采收年份等,相当于葡萄酒的身份证。