高考英语复习专题：阅读理解篇章结构
高中英语：阅读理解之文章结构专项讲解
高中英语：阅读理解之文章结构专项讲解【基础回顾】考点归纳：理解文章的基本结构英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。
各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。
如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
基础必读：根据考纲要求（5）理解文章的基本结构可知，考查文章的基本结构是高考阅读测试的目标之一。
从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。
篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1）How is the passage organized?解释：文章的结构是怎样构成的？（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?解释：下列哪个选项能最好的显示文章的组织结构？（3）What will the author most probably talk about next?解释：接下来作者最有可能会谈论什么?（4）The author develops the passage mainly by ______.解释：作者发展文章剧情主要是通过______。
（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n）______.解释：第一段在整篇文章中起的作用是______。
（6）The example of …is given to show/illustrate that______.解释：…的例子说明______。
【技能方法】篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。
高考英语复习专题阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题
专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shad egrown p roduction to fullsun production endangers the very existence of，certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destru ction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrow ing techniq ues are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of o xygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniq ues are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。
高中英语高考阅读理解篇章结构分析技能总结(共七类文章)
高考英语阅读理解篇章结构分析技能一、科普类文章1.引出中心内容的方法(1)A but B。
这个时候B是文章的中心。
为了不让文章显得太突兀，一般会先讲A，即普通的内容(科普类文章一般介绍的是我们不太熟悉的内容)。
另外，A也有可能是一种欲扬先抑的写作手法，与B的意思正好相反。
Most animals have little connection with animals of adifferent kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may havenoticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they wanta ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so becausethey remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without eachother, they do better together.The idea of fighting a noise by making more noisesounds strange, but that’s exactlywhat motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.(2) 用熟悉的事物作类比。
高中英语阅读理解中的文章结构分析
高中英语阅读理解中的文章结构分析在高中英语阅读理解中，文章结构是非常重要的一部分。
正确理解文章的结构有助于提高阅读理解的能力，帮助学生更好地理解文章的主旨和细节。
本文将从整体结构、段落结构和句子结构三个方面进行分析。
一、整体结构一篇英语文章通常由引言、主体和结论三部分组成。
引言用来引入话题，引起读者的兴趣，主体部分是文章的核心内容，结论则对主体部分进行总结和归纳。
在阅读理解中，学生需要注意整体结构的变化，以便更好地理解文章的发展和逻辑关系。
有些文章采用时间顺序结构，按照事件发生的先后顺序进行叙述。
这种结构常见于记叙文和科普文章。
例如，一篇介绍发明历史的文章可能会按照时间顺序介绍各个发明的出现和发展。
另一种常见的结构是因果关系结构。
这种结构通过描述某个事件或现象的原因和结果来展示作者的观点。
学生需要注意关键词，如“因此”、“所以”等，以便理解文章中的因果关系。
二、段落结构段落是文章的基本单位，一个段落通常包含一个主题句和若干支持句。
主题句是段落的核心，它概括了段落的主旨。
支持句用来进一步解释和证明主题句。
在阅读理解中，学生需要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。
有些段落之间是并列关系，它们讨论的是同一个主题的不同方面。
有些段落之间是因果关系，前一个段落描述了某个原因，后一个段落描述了由此产生的结果。
此外，学生还需要注意段落内部的结构。
有些段落采用举例说明的结构，通过列举具体的例子来支持主题句。
有些段落采用对比结构，通过比较不同的观点或事物来强调作者的观点。
三、句子结构正确理解句子结构对于理解文章的意思至关重要。
句子结构包括主谓宾结构、并列结构、从句结构等。
主谓宾结构是最基本的句子结构，一个句子通常包含一个主语、一个谓语和一个宾语。
学生需要注意主谓宾结构中的主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系，以便正确理解句子的意思。
并列结构是指两个或多个并列的句子通过连词连接在一起。
学生需要注意并列结构中的逻辑关系，以便理解作者的观点和论证。
高中英语阅读理解技巧之篇章结构
高中英语阅读理解技巧之篇章结构在高中英语学习中，阅读理解是一项重要的技能。
而理解一篇文章的结构对于提高阅读理解能力至关重要。
本文将探讨高中英语阅读理解技巧之篇章结构。
首先，我们需要了解什么是篇章结构。
篇章结构指的是一篇文章的整体组织方式，包括开头、主体和结尾。
它决定了文章的逻辑顺序和信息传达方式。
在阅读一篇文章时，我们可以通过以下几个方面来理解其篇章结构。
首先，关注开头部分。
开头通常是引入文章主题的部分，它可以通过提出问题、引用名言、讲述故事等方式吸引读者的注意力。
通过仔细阅读开头部分，我们可以获得文章的主题和背景信息。
其次，注意主体部分。
主体部分是文章的核心内容，它通常由几个段落组成，每个段落都有一个主题句。
主体部分可以按照时间顺序、空间顺序、因果关系等方式组织。
通过分析主体部分的段落结构和逻辑关系，我们可以更好地理解文章的内容。
另外，要注意文章中的过渡词和连接词。
过渡词和连接词在文章中起到连接和衔接的作用，帮助读者理解文章的逻辑关系。
比如，因果关系可以用“因此”、“所以”等词语来表示；时间关系可以用“首先”、“然后”等词语来表示。
通过注意这些词语的使用，我们可以更好地把握文章的思路和结构。
此外，要注意文章的结尾部分。
结尾通常是对文章内容的总结或提出展望，它可以通过重述主题、提出建议、引用名言等方式来结束文章。
通过仔细阅读结尾部分，我们可以对文章的主旨有更清晰的认识。
在阅读理解中，我们还可以运用一些技巧来帮助理解篇章结构。
首先，可以通过快速浏览文章的标题、开头和结尾来获取文章的大致结构。
然后，可以通过扫读段落首句和段落末句来理解段落之间的逻辑关系。
最后，可以通过划线或做笔记来标记文章中的重要信息和关键词，有助于理清文章的思路和结构。
总之，理解一篇文章的篇章结构对于高中英语阅读理解至关重要。
通过关注开头、主体和结尾部分，注意过渡词和连接词的使用，以及运用一些阅读技巧，我们可以更好地理解文章的逻辑关系和思路。
高考英语冲刺阅读理解的篇章结构与写作特点
高考英语冲刺阅读理解的篇章结构与写作特点高考对于每一位学子来说都是人生中的重要关卡，而英语作为其中的重要科目，阅读理解部分更是占据了较大的分值。
在高考冲刺阶段，深入了解阅读理解的篇章结构与写作特点，对于提高解题效率和准确性具有至关重要的意义。
一、高考英语阅读理解的篇章结构1、记叙文记叙文通常按照事件发生的时间顺序、空间顺序或者逻辑顺序来展开。
在高考阅读理解中，记叙文可能会讲述一个人的经历、一个故事或者一次难忘的事件。
其篇章结构一般包括开头的背景介绍、中间的情节发展和结尾的结局或启示。
例如，一篇关于一位学生参加志愿者活动的记叙文，可能开头会介绍活动的背景和原因，中间详细描述活动中的各种经历和遇到的困难，结尾则会总结这次活动对自己的成长和意义。
2、说明文说明文的目的是向读者解释、说明某个事物、现象或过程。
其篇章结构往往较为清晰，常见的有总分总、总分、分总等结构。
总分总结构的说明文，开头会提出主题，中间进行详细的说明和解释，结尾则会对主题进行总结和强调。
总分结构则先提出主题，然后围绕主题展开说明，而分总结构则先分别说明各个方面，最后得出结论。
3、议论文议论文通常围绕一个观点或论点展开，通过论据来支持或反驳这个观点。
其篇章结构一般包括提出论点、论证论点和得出结论。
在高考阅读理解中，议论文可能会探讨社会热点问题、教育问题等。
比如，关于是否应该在学校推行电子设备辅助学习的议论文，作者可能先提出应该推行的论点，然后通过列举电子设备的优点和相关研究数据来进行论证，最后得出推行电子设备辅助学习有助于提高学习效果的结论。
二、高考英语阅读理解的写作特点1、词汇运用高考阅读理解的文章词汇丰富多样，涵盖了各个领域的常用词汇和一些较高级的词汇。
同时，会通过上下文语境来推测生词的含义，考查学生的词汇理解和运用能力。
例如，可能会出现一些学术词汇、专业术语或者具有特定文化背景的词汇。
2、句式多样文章中的句式丰富，包括简单句、复合句和复杂句。
备战 高考：英语阅读理解篇章结构题解题技巧
完胜高考阅读理解解题技巧十篇章结构题的解题技巧题型特点理解文章的基本结构的要求，往往通过篇章结构题来考查。
要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。
英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同，可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。
段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。
为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
设题方式1.确定指代关系最常见的提问方式是: The underlined word the/it/ in paragraph refers to…2.对句子意义或作用的理解最常见的提问方式是: The sentence in paragraph means…/The example of in para…is used to illustrate/show.3.对段落大意或段落作用的理解最常见的提问方式是: The last paragraph mainly tell us that…/The purpose of writing Paragraph is…4.对文章组织结构的理解最常见的提问方式是: How is the passage organized?/ Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?解题技巧篇章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。
由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章——段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。
另外，此类题型最常见的考法就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤、过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点。
2024年高考英语阅读理解文章结构分析历年真题
2024年高考英语阅读理解文章结构分析历年真题高考英语阅读理解一直是考生备战高考的重点之一。
了解和分析历年真题的文章结构对于提高解题能力和应对考试至关重要。
本文将从历年真题的角度出发，分析2024年高考英语阅读理解文章结构。
一、题干分析在阅读理解题中，题干是我们解题的关键。
它提供了文章的背景信息和问题，我们需要根据题干中的关键词判断文章属于哪一类题型。
一般来说，题干会涉及主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等内容。
二、文章结构分析在解答英语阅读理解时，理解文章的结构对于快速定位答案至关重要。
根据历年真题的总结，英语阅读理解常见的文章结构包括：主题句结构、时间顺序结构、因果关系结构、对比和转折关系结构等。
1. 主题句结构主题句结构是最常见的文章结构之一。
在阅读理解题中，我们需要找到作者对于主题的观点和论述，通常可以通过段落的第一句话来判断主题句。
在解题时，我们要注意主题句后面的细节和例证，它们有助于我们理解主题的具体内容并帮助我们回答问题。
2. 时间顺序结构时间顺序结构是指按照事情发生的时间顺序来组织文章的结构。
在阅读理解题中，这种结构常用于记叙文中。
我们需要根据文章中的时间信息来理解事件发生的顺序和关系。
时态和时间状语词等词语是判断时间顺序结构的关键。
3. 因果关系结构因果关系结构指的是文章中作者表达因果关系的结构。
在解题时，我们需要理解作者将事件或事实与其结果联系起来的方式。
常见的表达方式包括因果关系连接词（如because, so, therefore等）和因果关系表达词（如result, consequence等）。
4. 对比和转折关系结构对比和转折关系结构是用来比较和对照不同观点、事实或情况的文章结构。
在解答对比和转折关系结构的问题时，我们需要注意文章中的转折词和对比连词，它们是判断这种结构的关键。
三、解题技巧分析在解答英语阅读理解题时，我们需要掌握一些解题技巧。
以下是几个常用的解题技巧：1. 精读题干：在阅读文章之前，先仔细阅读题干，掌握题目要求和关键词。
新高考英语阅读文章结构 要点次要点
新高考英语阅读文章结构要点次要点随着新高考制度的改革，英语阅读文章的结构和内容也发生了变化。
为了更好地应对这一变化，学生们需要了解新高考英语阅读文章的结构，把握文章中的要点和次要点。
本文将从以下几个方面探讨新高考英语阅读文章的结构、要点和次要点。
一、文章结构新高考英语阅读文章通常由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。
引言通常介绍文章的主题或背景，正文则围绕主题展开，介绍相关的事实、观点和论证，结论部分则对正文内容进行总结和评价。
文章结构清晰，逻辑性强，有助于学生更好地理解文章内容。
二、要点新高考英语阅读文章中的要点主要包括核心概念、主要论点和观点。
在阅读过程中，学生需要关注这些要点，以便在回答问题时能够准确地把握文章的主旨和大意。
核心概念是文章论述的核心观点，主要论点则是作者用来支持核心概念的理由和证据。
三、次要点除了要点外，新高考英语阅读文章中还有一些次要点，包括相关事实、具体数字、例子、描述性信息等。
这些信息有助于丰富文章内容，使读者更好地理解作者的观点。
在阅读过程中，学生需要关注这些次要点，以便在回答问题时能够提供更多的细节信息。
四、应对策略为了更好地应对新高考英语阅读，学生需要掌握以下策略：1. 快速阅读：在考试时间内，学生需要快速浏览文章，了解文章大意和结构，把握要点和次要点。
2. 提炼主旨：在回答问题时，学生需要提炼文章主旨，以便能够准确地把握作者的观点和态度。
3. 识别关键词：在回答问题时，学生需要识别关键词，以便能够准确地理解问题并找到相关答案。
4. 推理分析：在回答一些推理题时，学生需要根据文章内容进行推理和分析，以便得出正确的答案。
五、总结新高考英语阅读文章结构清晰，逻辑性强，其中要点和次要点对于理解文章内容至关重要。
为了更好地应对这一变化，学生需要掌握快速阅读、提炼主旨、识别关键词和推理分析等策略。
通过不断地练习和积累经验，学生们将能够更好地应对新高考英语阅读，取得更好的成绩。
高考英语(全国通用)：阅读理解(12)文章结构之篇章结构题
高考英语阅读理解专题训练AThe term “helicopter parents”refers to “a style of parents who are over focused on their children”．Helicopter parents are always making a big push to provide children with every opportunity to succeed，from baby steps at age 1，homework at age 8，college application at age 18，employment issues at age 25 to family problems at age 30,40 or even older.They constantly shadow the child，always directing his behavior，allowing him zero alone time.Helicopter parenting can develop for a number of reasons.Worries about the economy，the job market，and the world in general can push parents toward taking more control over their child’s life in an attempt to protect them.Adults who felt unloved or ignored as children can overcompensate their own children.When parents see other overinvolved parents，it can cause a similar response.They feel that if they don’t involve themselves in their children’s lives，they are bad parents.The main problem with helicopter parenting is that it can backfire.To give an example，the house where Mary lived with roommates was broken into and things were stolen.Mary called the landlord(房东) to install an alarm system，but before she could finish the negotiations(协商)，her mother rushed in and demanded action.“I felt like my mother ruined my communication with our landlord.We could have gotten it done ourselves.She was well intended but only made me feel annoyed and defeated，”says Mary.Obviously，overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things but it does the exact opposite.In the long run parents are actually damaging their child’s basic skills to deal with matters independently.It makes the child feel lacking in confidence，less competent in dealing with the stresses of life on their own.They’re winning the battle，but actually losing the war.语篇解读本文为说明文。
英语高考阅读理解篇章结构分析与解题技巧(五)
英语高考阅读理解篇章结构分析与解题技巧(五)A【文章概述】本篇文章体裁为说明文，讲述洪灾会给人们的生命财产造成极大的损失，人类同它抗争是一个长期不懈的过程。
文中讲到环保局采用自动预报信息、热线电话以及自动语言播报系统等措施预报洪灾。
1. Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage.a. Many people lost their lives in the flood in 1953.b. The Flood Warning system was already in use in 1953.c. Flood defenses can stop all flooding.d. The Environment Agency began to warn people of flood in 1995.e. Flood line was created after the Easter Floods of 1998.A. a, b, cB. b, c, dC. a, c, eD. a, d, e2. What does the underlined word “pager” mean in the last paragraph?A.A boy employed to carry luggage in hotels.B.A piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages.C. A page of papers written to offer messages.D.A person invited to write pages of messages.3. People can easily get information and advice about flood any time of the day from______.A. automatic messaging systemB. Flood line 0845 988 1188C. the Flood Warning team in KentD. automated voice messaging system4. The best title for this passage may probably be_______.A. Environment AgencyB. Technology in Flood DefensesC. Flood Warning SystemD. Easter Floods【答案速递】DBBC【解题提示】这类文章以科普、新闻报道等为主。
高中英语真题：专题7阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题_1
专题7阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题【构建知识体系】2012-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计【考纲解读】【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向[2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember somethin g they learned as children but have never practiced ever sinc e. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be st ated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional l earning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swi mming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood ta les such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but o verlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather q uickly the things that we learn in school, because they are an other of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade , is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramm ing, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on t he examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everythi ng he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is reall y necessary for one's future development.68.The author explains the law of over learning by_________.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples【答案】68. D【解析】【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，很少出现此类题型，但这一题型在地方高考和模拟试题中时有出现，因此不排除2017年全国高考试题可能会①设置1道篇章结构题，考查考生对整个篇章或其中的某个段落结构和脉络的把握。
高考英语阅读理解题型训练——篇章结构
高考难点突破高考英语阅读理解题型训练篇章结构〔解题思路〕英语文章的阅读理解首先要从文章的篇章结构入手，弄清了作者谋篇布局的设计之后，才能更好地理解全文的主旨大意和具体细节。
各种体裁的文章篇章结构都有一定的写作规律，如议论文一般遵循:提出问题，分析问题，解决问题的过程;记叙文一般以故事的发生、发展和结局为写作顺序;说明文突出体现说明事物的特点。
文章篇章结构试题经常设问的试题有：How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.（举例子）B. By making comparisons.（作比较）C. By following the order of time. （按时间顺序）D. By following the order of importance. （按重要性顺序）〔典例剖析〕A (湖北卷)Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy .After all ,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy .However ,they sing most of the time for a very different reason .Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.Do you know what a “territory” is ?A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own .Only he and his family are welcome there .No other families of the same species are welcome .Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome . If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you ,you might shout .Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.If so ,you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him .A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time ,especially at nesting（筑巢）season. So he is screaming all the time ,whether he can see an outsider or not .This screaming is what we call a bird’s song ,and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.You can see that birds have a language all their own .Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.59．How does the writer explain birds’ singing?A．By comparing birds with human beings.B．By reporting experiment results.C．By describing birds’ daily life.D．By telling a bird’s story.分析：由文章第一、二两段：Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy. Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory. 可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(练)-专题练习(七)(含答案与解析)
高考英语专题练习（七）阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（练）一、阅读理解Why college is not homeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, e-mail and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behaviour and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behaviour runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behaviour is too strictly defined(规定)and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behaviour that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behaviour should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?（）2．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion 3．【2011陕西卷,D】Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified(GM,转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution?Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact, studies show that the most crown GM crop. GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analyzed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true,”said Bill Christenson, President of the US National Farm Coalition.At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.3．The author develops the second paragraph mainly（）A．By classification B．by comparisonC．by example D．by process4．【2010重庆卷C】It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商)follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s from the left. Considering most of the world’s population — men and women — are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left?History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly righthanded servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shi rts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacture to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. Aft er all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, sinc e anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.4．The passage is mainly developed by（）A．analyzing causesB．making comparisonsC．examining differencesD．following the time order5．【2010湖北卷B】For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.In this article, I’ll describe three nowin situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right.It doesn’t matter what the topic is — politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.It doesn’t matter what the topic is — politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.5．What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?（）A．Causes for the parent-teen conflicts.B．Examples of the parent-teen war.C．Solutions for the parent-teen problems.D．Future of the parent-teen relationship.6．【2010江西卷C】Kong Zi, also called Confucius(551~479 B．C．), and Socrates (469~399 B．C．) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical(激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:“ Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的) classes.For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.6．This passage is organized in the pattern of（）A．time and eventsB．comparison and contrastC．cause and effectD．definition and classification高考英语专题练习（七）阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（练）答案1~5 CDCAC6．B高考英语专题练习（七）阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（练）解析1．文章结构题.第一段提出论点：大学阶段应该是自我能力和个性发展的重要成长时期，然而现在成了青春期的延伸期，在此期间,很多大学生没有承担起成年人的责任，第二段分析其原因:目前这一代人，大学阶段本来应该是独立阶段，但是父母包办过多.第三、四段从学校、个人两方面谈到如何培养责任感和社交能力；第五、六段是第三、四段观点的延伸，最后一段呼吁大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。
高考英语阅读理解篇章结构题
56．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
(P：Paragraph) 解析 文章结构题。文章第一段总述三者对一个人社会等级 的影响，然后依次分述 class，power 和 status 三个因素。文 章是总分式，故选择 A 项。ness “In wilderness( 荒 野 ) is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as
one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the
解析 细 节理解 题。 由文章第 二段第 四句 中 “...46% the middle class...”可知，B 项正确。文中并未说出 middle class 的清晰定义，所以 A、C、D 三项的表述都是不恰当的。 答案 B
55．According to the text，we know that ___A_____. A．power and class do not always correspond with each other B．status refers to a person’s economic position in society C．people with high status have a lot of control over others D．class is less important in deciding a person’s social rank
浅析英语高考阅读理解中的篇章结构题及应对对策-2019年精选文档
浅析英语高考阅读理解中的篇章结构题及应对对策所谓篇章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题。
这类题主要考查考生对整个文章内在逻辑关系的理解或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。
在所有英语高考阅读题的类型中，它属于较高层次的考查。
但只要考生们能抓住文章的结构，把握文章的思路，他们就能够更好地解答其他类型的阅读题。
篇章意识的形成能让考生更好地理解甚至欣赏文章，并且促进他们自己构架篇章，表达自己意思的能力，即写作能力。
高考中的篇章结构题可分为两个模式：一种是按照段落的组织方法来考查考生对整篇文章的把握；另一种是按写作方法来考查考生对文章结构的理解。
接下来，我们将讨论一下这两种模式的考查特点以及我们的应对策略。
一、按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构段落是构成文章的基本单位。
文章是段落的扩展，段落是文章的缩影。
文章的主题要通过连贯的段落来表达，段落的展开要和文章的主题保持一致性。
把握住段落的组织方法，文章的结构就一目了然。
1. 主要提问形式Which of the following shows the development of ideasin this passage？Which of the following shows theorganization/structure of the passage？How is the passage organized？Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？2. 对策（1）学会判断文章体裁浙江英语高考中，阅读文章的常见体裁有：人物事件类、应用说明文类、科普类、社会议论文类等。
不同体裁的文章会有不同的篇章结构。
在英语阅读文章中，对应每种类型文章的篇章结构往往都会有固定的写法。
所以要让考生们学会迅速判定所读文章的类型，然后把固有篇章模式在脑海中展开，使得他们有备而来。
高考英语二轮复习专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(练)(含解析)(new)
专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题1.[2016·北京卷]DWhy college is not homeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity。
However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities。
For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within。
In the past two decades， however， continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media，have increased significantly。
Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home。
高考英文复习篇章结构
篇章结构句子是最高一层的语法单位，又是语言表达的基本单位。
句法是个语法范畴，它属于语言的组织规律，而章法则属于语言使用的范畴，或者说是言语的规律。
从词素、词、词组、分句、句子讲到篇章就把语言的结构和语言的使用都概括进去了。
现在我们来看一看英语的篇章是怎样构成的。
句子、语段、语篇英语的篇章（Disscourse），包括口头形式和书面形式，通常是由句子和语段（Sentence Group）构成的，即所谓“积句而成章，积章而成篇”。
从英语的实际使用情况来看，人们总是以句子为话语的基本单位，围绕一定的话题，组成大大小小的言语片断来完成思想表达任务。
在这里，确实存在着由句到篇的一种过渡形式——语段。
语段，又叫句群，是由句子组成的语言表达单位，它是句子和语篇之间的中间层次。
我们知道，句子在一定的语言环境中能够单独地使用，能够单独地表达相对完整的思想。
但是，要表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，往往需要把几个句子组织起来，结成更大的言语片段，以表达“一层”的意思。
因此，语段是一个相对独立的较大语义单位，它既与上下语段相关联，又与上下语段相区别。
正是许多这样的语段相结合，才构成了语篇。
所以，语段是建筑在逻辑思维基础上的表意“层次”。
构成语段的各个句子都必须围绕一个中心话题，从而具有向心的作用。
这样的一群句子，通过一定的逻辑顺序组织起来，便成为一个较大的语义整体。
因此，作为一个思想表达单位，语段所表达的思想并不是各句意义的简单总和，而是比各句意义更高一层的有机组合。
例如：…True，in the woods Wolf was as brave as an honorable dog should be；but what dog is ever brave enough to stand firm against the terrors of a woman's tongue？As soon as Wolf entered the house，his head bent low，his tail lay on the ground or curled between his legs．He went around the house with a guilty look，watching Dame Van Winkle out of the corner of his eye，ready to run from the room at the slightest sign of her displeasure．其实，那条名叫“狼”的狗在林中也具有一条体面的狗所应有的勇气，可是哪条狗的勇气又能挡得住可怕的女人的舌头呢？“狼”只要一走进家里立刻就垂头丧气，它的尾巴不是拖在地上，就是夹在腿间。
英语高考阅读理解解题技巧篇章结构题
高考阅读理解篇章结构题解题指导《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求，在高考试题中往往通过篇章结构题来考查。
一、题型特点与命题方式篇章结构题是近几年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式，且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可，并逐步推广到对其它文体结构的考查。
分析这一类的题我们可以看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。
常见提问方式：How is the passage organized?Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?The author develops the passage mainly by….二、解题思路与应试技巧考生要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。
英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。
段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。
为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
【考例】（2008北京卷，E篇）75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?【解析】B。
文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们；第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响；第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥；第四段说明节食产品的危害；第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品，故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。
（2008重庆卷，C篇）67. The author develops the passage mainly by________.A. providing typical examplesB. following the natural time orderC. comparing opinions from different fieldsD. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects【解析】D。
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B.It keeps human beings healthy and happy in a friendly atmosphere. C.It teaches us to be responsible for the development of economy. D.It offers some valuable education about the knowledge of gardening.
Most people believe that eco-travel is expensive and it is true.Matt explained “Anti-poaching patrols (反猎捕小队) need to be paid，solar energy equipment costs a lot to install，building with environmentally friendly materials is more expensive and so on.The extra cost is necessary，as you’re paying to minimize your footprint and protect the places you visit，which is exactly what eco-travel is about.The financial success and sustainability (可持续性) of an ecofocused operation doesn’t come from thin air.” The industry is trying to make eco-travel affordable and make it accessible to the common people.
Expert from Boundless Journeys，Matt Holmes，who works on travel experiences towards conserving areas said，“As scientists and non-scientists learn more about how we human beings are impacting the planet，I think more people want to do what they can while still exploring the world.Our guests are definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys.Travelers can farm their own food in Italy，managing their use of water and using solar or wind power.They can also visit a family-run camp that cares for retired logging elephants in Myanmar ， know a park entry fee goes to a conservation organization in Costa Rica，employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group.There are lots of options for seeking out greener holiday.”
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2.According to Matt Holmes，travelers will be interested in . A.eating delicious food in Italy B.visiting elephants in the zoo
√C.working together with a protection group
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了生态旅游的意义、影响以及未 来的发展方向。
1.What is the positive influence of eco-friendly travel?
√A.It enables travelers to protect the environment while traveling.
篇章结构题
专题突破练
专题一拟) 话题：生态旅游
难度：★★
建议用时：7 分
According to the International Ecotourism Society ， eco-travel is “responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment，maintains the well-beings and involves education”.Eco-travel is on the rise，as more and more people become conscious about their carbon footprint.
D.raising park entry fee in Costa Rica
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“Our guests are definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys.” 以 及 “employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group.”可知据马特·福尔摩斯所说， 旅行者将有兴趣与一个保护组织合作，故选C。