代词指代题二(教师)
高中英语阅读技巧理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题
高中英语阅读技巧理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题一、解题技巧★代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如it, they, them, one, that等）所指代的内容。
解这类题时，可根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。
★写作手法题这类题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。
常见的写作手法及提示语如下：1. 举例。
常见提示语有for example, for instance等。
2. 对比。
常见提示语有like, unlike, but, however, while 等。
3. 提供数据或研究结果。
常见提示语有statistics, research, study等。
4. 按照时间顺序。
除了明确表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有later, then, afterwards等。
5. 按照空间顺序。
常见提示语有in the distance, from the top, on the left / right等。
6. 按照逻辑顺序。
常见提示语有because, therefore, as a result, besides, in addition, in a word, in short等。
二、真题分析以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
[A]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us hadthe qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.（选自2017年全国卷II阅读理解B篇）【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
超实用高考英语专题强化训练：词句猜测题——代词指代题(解析版)
专题强化训练：词句猜测题——代词指代题（解析版）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
强化训练一Building Community, One Cut at a TimeAll over the world, barbershops not only fuel their local economies, but also bring people together. So when the community fell on hard times, Chris Bossio knew just what to do. Chris opened a barbershop called Headlines, where people could come together for a cut and some conversations.Chris volunteered his free time to teach other barbers new techniques. Impressed by hisdown-to-earth, easy-to-understand lessons, one of his business partners convinced him to post them on YouTube.That's when things really took off. The videos earned him a large number of subscribers and as Chris kept creating more, he saw his subscribers turn into clients. The freshmen in the line flooded in to exchange professional opinions and sharpen the skills, while more from the community came for a moment of peace, hence building a deeper bond.Business is booming but Chris didn't stop here.When he started Headlines, his initial goal was just to open five barbershops within five years. But as time went by, he was determined to share his success, focusing most of his time on empowering barbers. He held workshops where he trained barbers on not only the business of barbering, but also how to establish their brands. Once, his workshop attracted over 300 attendees. Many of his students have gone on to become successful barbers themselves, including about 40 who have opened their own shops in the area. “These shops serve as places wh ere community culture really comes together and comes to life，” he said. It was a dream come true for Chris.He also saw opportunities popping up as his channel grew. He started making a shaving gel (凝胶). It was another huge hit. He immediately launched a production line, creating a certain number of jobs in the community. Though the economy was in decline, he could sell 10，000 products per month in 15 countries. It's also been a lifeline during the COVID-19 shutdown, when barbershops were forced to close. Without it, Chris' business, as well as his employees, couldn't have survived.(Adopted and revised from https：//blog. youtube/)[链接外刊对点演练]【原创】What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Chris shared new techniques. B．The barbershop grew faster.C．Chris uploaded videos online. D．The customer was down-to-earth.[答案] C[精读外刊积累语料]3.channel 熟义：n.频道生义：n.渠道4.hit 熟义：v．打击生义：n.很受欢迎的人(或事物)句法解密[译文]业内的新人蜂拥而至，来交流专业意见，提高技能，而更多来自社区的新人前来寻求片刻安宁，从而建立了更深的联系。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)词句猜测题——代词指代类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(十一)词句猜测题——代词指代类A(2021·山东淄博一模)Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programmes may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to “provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.In my opinion, the protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape the cameras and microphones through lack of understanding of how their devices work and how the malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using the cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant the malware in your device. To prevent the malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online bank accounts.1.What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph2refer to?A.Cameras.B.Types.C.Programmes.D.Devices.2.What is NSO Group?A.A group of hackers.B.A company developing spyware.C.A group of terrorists and criminals.D.A company fighting against crime.3.Why does the author think “the protection technique is highly overestimated”?A.People know little about their devices.B.Hackers have no access to others.C.It hardly prevents the malware from getting privacy.D.It can’t cover the cameras completely.B(2021·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream. The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the programme, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic, however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the programme,” Kate said.After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.Now, having finished the programme and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.She credits the Upwind Scholarship for all she’s been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be something like ‘Oh, why don’t I try flying this summer?’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.”4.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph1refer to?A.Her skill of building model airplanes.B.Her wish to travel around the world.C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.D.Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.5.What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship?A.To help students in need to achieve their dreams.B.To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.C.To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.D.To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.6.What did Kate do in ground school?A.She took online lessons on flying.B.She went over the fundamentals of flying.C.She did some research into the pandemic.D.She finished applying for the programme.7.Which of the following best describes Kate?A.Confident and aggressive.B.Strong-willed and patient.C.Demanding and courageous.D.Ambitious and hard-working.C(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)Every four or five years, vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America. This phenomenon, El Niño, creates storms that cause destructive floods. The result is costly.Modern farmers come to terms with El Niño. They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones. But history suggests it need not be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaeologist in Lima, shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be “better”.Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan, a coastal desert plain in northern Peru. It is not suitable for farming. Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Niño years is usually less than two centimetres. Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did. But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms. She thought that they were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Niño years. Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure of this area seemed to have been built only for managing Niño-generated floodwaters.Evidence from pollen supports this theory, revealing that the Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years, while remaining nearly barren in others. The team also uncovered two cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, probably, were used to store extra floodwaters.These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niño, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived. Modern farmers might do well to learn from them.8.What does the recent study focus on?A.Living with El Niño.B.Effects of El Niño.C.Farming in the desert.D.Water shortage in Peru.9.What does the underlined word“they”in paragraph4refer to?A.Ancient farmers.B.Rivers.C.Farms.D.Canals.10.What lesson can be learned from early farmers?A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.B.In every difficulty lies an opportunity.C.Sharp tools make good work.D.It’s never too late to mend.11.In which section of a website may this text appear?cation.B.Travel.C.Business.D.Science.考点分类练(十一)词句猜测题——代词指代类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
初中英语代词专项练习题附答案(解析)
初中英语代词专项训练及答案1．—Let’s eat some bread.—No, thank you. I don’t like ________.A．it B．one C．them【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——让我们吃一些面包。
——不了，谢谢。
我不喜欢面包。
考查代词辨析。
it它；one一；them它们。
根据“Let’s eat some bread.”可知此处指不喜欢上文提到过的面包，用it代替。
故选A。
2．Miss Green is ________ English teacher. ________ teaches ________ English.A．us; She; my B．our; She; our C．ours; Her; us D．our; She; us【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：格林女士是我们的英语老师。
她教我们英语。
考查代词辨析。
us我们，人称代词宾格；she她，人称代词主格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词；her她的，形容词性物主代词。
第一空修饰名词“English teacher”，要用形容词性物主代词，排除A和C选项。
第二空在句中作主语，要用人称代词作主格，第三个空位于动词teach后，要用人称代词宾格作宾语，故选D。
3．— Would you like to drink ________ juice?—Yes, I’d love to. But there isn’t _______ juice in the glass.A．some; some B．some; any C．any; some D．any; any【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：——你想喝些果汁吗？——是的，我很乐意。
但是杯子里没有果汁了。
考查不定代词辨析。
some一些，一般用于肯定句中；any一些，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
代词指代题精讲
题型综述在片段阅读中还存在着这样一种题型，要求考生理解文中出现代词所指代的具体含义，这种题目我们称之为“代词指代题”。
这种题目属于比较成熟的题型，在中央国家机关及地方省市公务员考试中时有考查，考查的载体可以是片段阅读，也可以是篇章阅读。
通常提问的方式有：上“文中这‘，指的是” 、上“文中此‘，指代的是”、文“中他‘们'是指”、请“问那‘些，指代的是” 、句“中的后者，指的是” 、文“中它‘ '指代的是”等等。
事实上这种题目的难度并不大，只要考生掌握了正确的答题方法就可以顺利作答。
代词指代题主要有指代临近原则与主语话题原则两种。
技法点晴一、指代临近原则指的是代词所指代的内容一般应该是在句法结构上和它靠近的词语。
如“王刚写文章抨击小李，说他是个欺世盗名的小人。
”这一句子中的他“”应该指代小“李” ，因为他“”是指代人，句子中提到了两个人，一个是“王刚” ，一个是“小李” ，而“小李”离代词的句法位置比“王刚”要近得多，因此“他”优选指代“小李”。
二、主语话题原则指的是句子中的代词一般来说和句子或者话题的所指相同，这一原则尤其在句群和篇章中更为适用。
如：老“太太真的以为自己的房子要被拆了，急坏了的她立即赶到交道口办事处、规划局咨询，当她得到不拆的答复后，放心了”这里的几处“她”都指整个段落的话题“老太太”。
【精讲】由于代词词性功能的限制，所指代的通常为名词或名词性结构，根据指代临近原则和主语语题原则通常其指代的对角不会很远，因此考生在作答过和中只需瞻前顾后，考虑代词出现位置的前句和后句，考虑话题的一致性，考点，代词指代题中主要考查人称代词和指示代词的指代关系。
一、人称代词如你“、我、他、她、它、你们、我们、她们、它们、”指代的必然是人或动物，通常在句中做主语，因此在进行辩别时首先将指代事物的选项排除，指代人的优选，重点观察主语的内涵。
二、指示代词如“这、那、这些、此”等可能指人也可能指物，一般指物较多，不过也需要结合具体题目进行分析，以免造成误选。
代词指代题的做题方法
代词指代题的做题方法
代词指代题是英语语法中常见的一类题型，指的是考察学生对于代词在句子中的指代关系的理解和运用能力。
在解决这类题目时，需要注意以下几点：
一、理解代词的指代关系
代词是一种替代其他名词或名词短语的词语，它们的存在使得句子更加简洁明了。
代词有时会出现在一个句子中的不同位置或不同句子之间，此时需要判断它们所指代的名词是什么。
例如：John loves his dog. He takes him for a walk every day.
在这个句子中，代词“he”和“him”分别指代前面提到的John 和his dog。
二、注意代词的种类
在英语语法中，代词的种类有很多，如人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词等。
不同种类的代词有不同的用法和指代关系，在做题时需要注意其特点和含义。
例如：The students are studying hard. They hope to pass the exam.
在这个句子中，代词“they”是指人称代词，代表前面提到的学生们。
三、注意代词的数和性
代词的数和性与其所指代的名词一致，需要根据前文的语境来判断。
如果前文中所指代的名词是单数，则其对应的代词也要使用单数
形式；同理，如果前文中所指代的名词是男性，则对应的代词也要使用男性形式。
例如：The boy is playing with his toy. It is very fun.
在这个句子中，代词“it”是指代前面提到的toy，因为toy是单数名词。
以上是代词指代题的做题方法，希望对大家有所帮助。
语文代词练习题及答案
语文代词练习题及答案一、选择题1. 下面哪个句子中的代词使用正确？A. 他昨天去了图书馆，他借了一本书。
B. 他昨天去了图书馆，他借了一本书。
C. 他昨天去了图书馆，他借了一本书。
D. 他昨天去了图书馆，他借了一本书。
答案：B2. 根据上下文，下列哪个代词指代的是“小明”？A. 他今天没有来上课。
B. 她今天没有来上课。
C. 它今天没有来上课。
D. 他们今天没有来上课。
答案：A3. 下面句子中，哪个代词的使用是正确的？A. 这本书是他的，不是她的。
B. 这本书是她的，不是他的。
C. 这本书是他的，不是他的。
D. 这本书是她的，不是她的。
答案：A二、填空题4. 张老师走进教室，对同学们说：“_________今天要讲一个新故事。
”（填代词）答案：我5. 小明对小华说：“_________明天会去公园。
”（填代词）答案：我们6. 李明问小红：“_________的书包在哪里？”（填代词）答案：你的三、改错题7. 他告诉我，他明天会来参加聚会。
答案：他告诉我，他明天会来参加聚会。
（原句正确，无需修改）8. 这是我的笔，你的在那里。
答案：这是我的笔，你的在那儿。
9. 他们都是我的朋友，他们对我都很好。
答案：他们都是我的朋友，他们对我都很好。
（原句正确，无需修改）四、简答题10. 请解释“他”和“她”的区别。
答案：在中文中，“他”通常用来指代男性，而“她”用来指代女性。
两者都是第三人称单数代词。
11. 请解释“它”和“他们”的区别。
答案：“它”是第三人称单数中性代词，用来指代无生命的物体或动物；而“他们”是第三人称复数代词，用来指代两个或两个以上的男性或混合性别的群体。
五、完形填空12. 他走进了房间，_________打开了灯。
（填代词）答案：他13. 她拿起了一本书，_________开始阅读。
（填代词）答案：她14. 他们一起出去吃饭，_________都很开心。
（填代词）答案：他们六、总结通过本次练习，我们学习了代词的正确使用方式，包括人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等。
代词指代练习题
代词指代练习题代词是语言中非常重要的一部分，它用来代替名词，使得句子更加简洁明了。
在使用代词时，我们需要注意代词的指代问题，确保代词与它所指代的名词在句子中具有一致性。
为了帮助大家提高对代词指代的理解和应用，本文将提供一些代词指代练习题。
练习题一：单一代词的指代1. Lisa loves to read. ____ reads every day.2. Jack is a great musician. ____ plays the guitar beautifully.3. The dog is hungry. ____ wants to be fed.4. The children are playing in the park. ____ are having a lot of fun.5. Kate is a talented artist. ____ paints beautiful landscapes.练习题二：复合代词的指代1. The blue car is mine, and the red one is ____.2. John bought two books. One is green, and ____ is blue.3. Mary is going to the party with her friends. ____ are excited about it.4. I have two cats. One is big, and ____ is small.5. There are many boxes on the shelf. Some are empty, and ____ are full.练习题三：指代之前名词的替代1. Julie has a dog. ____ dog is very friendly.2. The computer is broken. ____ needs to be repaired.3. There are some books on the table. You can borrow ____ if you want.4. The cake is delicious. ____ tastes amazing.5. My parents have a big house. ____ house has a beautiful garden.练习题四：指代之前名词的补充1. The children went to the park, and ____ played on the swings.2. Lisa bought new shoes. She loves ____ very much.3. Tom has a bike. He rides ____ to school every day.4. There are some apples on the tree. I want to pick ____.5. My sister is a doctor. ____ helps people and saves lives.练习题五：上下文中的代词指代根据下面的对话，选择合适的代词填入空格。
指代词言语题
指代词言语题一、引言指代词是语言中的重要成分，它们用于指示前文中已经提到的事物或人。
在交流中，使用恰当的指代词可以避免重复，简化表达，并提高语言流畅性。
然而，由于不同语言和文化背景的差异，指代词的使用也存在一些难点和挑战。
本文将探讨指代词在言语交流中的重要性、常见问题以及解决方法。
二、指代词的重要性在日常交流中，使用恰当的指代词可以使对话更加清晰和简洁。
以下是指代词的几个重要作用：1.避免重复：当我们多次提到同一个事物或人时，使用指代词可以避免反复使用相同的名称或描述，使表达更加简洁。
2.提高信息传递效率：适当使用指代词可以减少冗余信息，使对话更加流畅和高效。
3.增强上下文连贯性：通过正确使用指代词，我们可以建立上下文之间的联系，使对话更具连贯性。
4.减少歧义：合理运用指代词可以避免歧义，使交流更加准确和明确。
三、常见问题及解决方法1. 指代词的选择在使用指代词时，我们需要根据上下文和语境来选择适当的指代词。
以下是一些常见问题及解决方法：•同性别指代：当前文中提到的事物或人具有相同性别时，需要使用合适的指代词来避免歧义。
例如，“他”和”她”在英语中分别表示男性和女性，正确使用可以避免混淆。
•复数指代：当前文中提到多个事物或人时，需要使用复数指代词来表示。
例如，“他们”可以用来指代一组人，而不是单个个体。
•不确定性指代：当我们不确定具体对象时，可以使用一些模糊的指代词来表示。
例如，在英语中可以使用”somebody”或”something”来表示某人或某事物。
2. 指代词的一致性为了保持表达的连贯性和准确性，在整个对话过程中要注意指代词的一致性。
以下是一些常见问题及解决方法：•主谓一致：当主语是单数时，相应的动词也应该是单数形式；当主语是复数时，动词也应该是复数形式。
例如，“He runs”和”They run”。
•指代词与先行词的一致性：指代词应与其先行词在性别、单复数等方面保持一致。
例如，“John is a good student. He always does hishomework.”•时态一致：当我们在对话中使用多个时态时，需要注意指代词与其所指代的动作或状态的时态保持一致。
判断代词指代内容题解读
判断代词指代内容题解读代词指代题要求考生根据语境判断代词（如it，they，them，this，that等）究竟指代什么，题干中经常有refer to。
从指代内容的位置上看，通常都在前一句中或同一句的前部分，但也有的在它前面几个句子中，很少出现在后面的句子中。
找的方法是由代词的单复数确定指代的名词的单复数，另外还要考虑指人还是指物等。
找到指代的内容后把它放在这个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理通顺，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。
1. 指代内容在同一句中[例1]（2013辽宁卷D篇?72）Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.△What does the underlined word“them”in Paragraph 2 refer to？A. Customers of Sparrow restaurantsB. Sparrow restaurantsC. Customers of other fast-food chainsD. other fast-food chains解析：因Sparrow restaurants的消费者对其连锁店持积极的态度，而其他快餐连锁的顾客却不会轻易舍弃他们原来的选择，所以Sparrow才要开发一种新的促销运动。
指示代词(单选题 30题 含解析)初中英语专题练习 (2)
指示代词（单选题 30题含解析）初中英语专题练习一、单选题 30题1．The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other. A. it B. him C. them2．---I like the story of Murder in a Country House better than________ of Unusual Weekend．---I agree. The actors act better than______ in Unusual WeekendA. that, thatB. that, thoseC. those, thoseD. those, that3． Bob, can you see the boys over there? ________are my cousins. Let's go and say hello to them. A．This B．Those C．That D．These4．________ is his sister and ________ are his parents.A．This, that B．That, this C．This, those D．These, those5．The weather of summer in Wuhan is hotter than ____ in Fuzhou.A this. B. it C. that6．The games in the 2024 Paris Olympics will be a little bit different from ________ in the Tokyo Olympics.A．that B．ones C．those D．it7．The weather in summer here is cooler than ______ in Beijing.A. thisB. thatC. it8．The apples on my desk are bigger than _________ on my brother's desk.A．that B．those C．one D．ones9． Bob, can you see the boys over there? ________are my cousins. Let's go and say hello to them. A．This B．Those C．That D．These10．—How hot here!—Yes. The weather in Wuhan is much hotter than ________ in your hometown.A．it B．that C．this D．those11．Your new shirt looks ________ with ________ pink trousers.A．well, that B．good, those C．good, that D．well, those12．_______ are my brother and sister．A．This B．These C．That D．It13．—Mike, do you enjoy the life here? —Sure. But the traffic here is a little heavier than________ in my hometown.A．one B．it C．this D．that14．This_____ my uncle and those _______ my grandparents.A. is; areB. are; isC. are; areD. is; is15．—Are those your bats?—Yes, ________.A．they are B．it is C．those are D．they aren’t16．I have a bad cold. ___________ is why I didn’t go to school.A. ThisB. ThatC. TheseD. It17．Are ________ your brothers ?A．that B．it C．these D．this18．--A latest English newspaper, please!--Only one copy left. Would you like to have __________, sir?A. itB. oneC. thisD. that19．Dale,________trousers are your sister's. ________are on the bed.A．this; Yours B．these; Yours C．this; Your D．these; Your20．—Are these your ________?— Yes, ________ are.A．sisters; they B．sister; they C．sisters; these D．sister; these21．—Excuse me, I’d like to buy a birthday gift for my son.—We have different kinds of new toys for boys. You can choose __________ for your son. A. that B. one C. it D. either22．_________ my two sisters. And __________ my brother.A. This is, this isB. These are, this isC. These are, these areD. This is, these are 23．—Mike, do you enjoy the life here? —Sure. But the traffic here is a little heavier than ________ in my hometown.A．one B．it C．this D．that24．—What are these?—________.A．These are books B．It’s a book C．They are pens D．Those are pens 25．-Dad, _____ is my friend , Xiao Hua. --Hello, Xiao Hua.A. heB. sheC. thisD. it26．--- What about yesterday’s homework, Amy?--- I found ____ hard to finish all the exercises.A. itB. it’sC. thatD.that’s27．—Betty, are these your parents?—________. They are Tony’s parents.A．Yes, these are B．No, these aren’t C．Yes, they are D．No, they aren’t 28．— ________ his pencils?— I think so.A．Are you B．Is this C．Is that D．Are these29．Hi, _____ is my mother and _______ are my friends.A．this, that B．these, these C．this, these D．that, that30．—Is that your eraser? —________.A．No, it’s my eraser B．Yes, it is C．No, that isn’t D．Yes, that is【参考答案】一、单选题 30题1．A【详解】句意：这对双胞胎如此相像以至于甚至他们的父亲都发现很难区分他们。
【常识积累】古代一些名词指代
【常识积累】古代⼀些名词指代常识需要⼀点⼀滴的积累，有兴趣的⼩伙伴可以⼀起积累~1.杏林：中医学界的代称。
典出三国时期闽籍道医董奉，据《神仙传》记载：“君异居⼭间，为⼈治病，不取钱物，使⼈重病愈者，使栽杏五株，轻者⼀株，如此数年，计得⼗万余株，郁然成林…… ”根据董奉的传说，⼈们⽤“杏林”称颂医⽣。
医家每每以“杏林中⼈”⾃居。
后世遂以“杏林春暖”、“誉满杏林”等来称颂医家的⾼尚品质和精良医术。
2.杏坛：指代的是教育。
杏坛是为纪念孔⼦讲学⽽建，孔⼦第四⼗五代孙孔道辅监修孔庙时，将正殿后移，除地为坛，环植以杏，名⽈“杏坛”。
杏坛是孔⼦教育光辉的象征。
3.西席：⽼师。
古代以西东分宾主，家塾教师和做官僚们私⼈秘书的“幕客”，都称为“西宾”，⼜称“西席”，主⼈称为“东家”。
去做塾师、幕客称为“处馆”。
4.岐黄：中医的别称。
据说黄帝和他的⾂⼦岐伯都能治病，黄帝常与岐伯讨论医学，并以问答形式写成《黄帝内经》。
后世因此称中医学为岐黄之术，岐黄也被视为医家之祖。
“岐黄之术”⼜称岐黄医术,。
5.悬壶：指⾏医、卖药。
在古代，药房、⾏医者都会挂⼀个葫芦（具体为何说法很多，这⾥就不跟⼤家讲那些传说啦~），后世以此为⾏医的标志，美称医⽣的职业为“悬壶济世”。
想到有句俗语“葫芦⾥不知卖的什么药”，⼤家就会知道这葫芦肯定与药有关。
6.丹青：成为绘画艺术的代称。
丹指丹砂，青指青雘（⾳“霍”），本是两种可作颜料的矿物。
因为我国古代绘画常⽤朱红⾊和青⾊两种颜⾊。
古⼈把画家称为丹青⼿，把优秀画家称为丹青妙⼿，民间则称画⼯为丹青师傅。
丹青⽐植物性颜料保存时间长，不易褪⾊，因此常⽤来⽐喻坚贞：丹青不渝。
7.墨宝：指珍贵的书法真迹、也⽤来尊称别⼈写的字或画。
8.梨园：指代戏曲。
原是唐代都城长安的⼀个地名，因唐⽞宗（唐明皇）李隆基在此地教演艺⼈，后来就与戏曲艺术联系在⼀起，成为艺术组织和艺⼈的代名词。
我国⼈民在习惯上称戏班、剧团为“梨园”，称戏曲演员为“梨园⼦弟”，把⼏代⼈从事戏曲艺术的家庭称为“梨园世家”，戏剧界称为“梨园界”等等。
人称代词练习题专升本
人称代词练习题专升本一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 根据上下文，选择正确的人称代词填空。
- 我昨天去了书店，买了一本书。
（）A. 我B. 他C. 她D. 它2. 下列句子中，哪个代词指代的是“老师”？- 老师布置了作业，然后离开了教室。
（）A. 他们B. 我们C. 他们D. 她3. 在句子中，哪个代词是复数形式？- 孩子们在公园里玩耍。
（）A. 孩子们B. 孩子C. 孩子D. 孩子们4. 以下哪个选项是第一人称单数？- 我要去图书馆。
（）A. 我们B. 我C. 你D. 他5. 根据句子，选择正确的代词。
- 他正在读一本书，那本书是他借的。
（）A. 我B. 他C. 她D. 它二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）请在下列句子中填入正确的人称代词。
6. 我们昨天去了电影院，看了一场电影。
- 我们买了爆米花，_______ 很好吃。
7. 她是我的姐姐，_______ 比我大两岁。
8. 他们正在讨论问题，_______ 看起来很认真。
9. 我今天没有课，_______ 打算去图书馆。
10. 你准备好了吗？_______ 我们一起去公园。
三、改错题（每题2分，共20分）11. 他和他们去看电影了。
- 错误：他们- 正确：他12. 我们和她们一起去了公园。
- 错误：她们- 正确：他们13. 她和我去图书馆。
- 错误：我- 正确：她14. 他们和我去超市。
- 错误：他们- 正确：我们15. 你和她一起去了电影院。
- 错误：她- 正确：你们四、翻译题（每题5分，共40分）16. 请将下列句子从英文翻译成中文，并注意人称代词的使用。
- "He is my brother."- 他是我哥哥。
17. "We are going to the beach."- 我们打算去海滩。
18. "She is reading a book."- 她正在读一本书。
19. "They are playing soccer."- 他们正在踢足球。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如that, this, it, they, them, one等）所指代的内容。
此类题目主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
解答代词指代题时，也可按照上期所讲的解答名词（短语）指代题的步骤，将选项代入划线词所在句，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑。
此外，了解一定的语篇照应（指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系）知识也有助于解答代词指代题。
比如，一般来说，this和these既可用于前照应，又可用于后照应，但that 和those通常只用于前照应。
因此，寻找that和those指代的内容时，只需要关注上文内容即可。
下面我们结合高考真题对这种题型的解题技巧具体说明。
例1：（2020年新高考英语全国I卷C篇，保留原题号，下同）In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. ...9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【分析】本文是说明文。
指示代词的练习题
指示代词的练习题一、选择题1. 根据上下文，以下哪个选项正确地使用了指示代词？A. 这是我的书，那是你的。
B. 这本书是你的，那本书是我的。
C. 这是我的书，那不是你的。
D. 那本书是你的，这是我的。
2. 当你指着远处的物体时，应该使用哪个指示代词？A. 这个B. 那个C. 这些D. 那些3. 下面哪个句子中的指示代词指代的是上文提到的物品？A. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
B. 我昨天买的书很有趣。
C. 那本书我昨天买的，很有趣。
D. 书我昨天买的，那本书很有趣。
4. 如果你想指代前面提到的多个物品，应该使用哪个代词？A. 这个B. 那个C. 这些D. 那些5. 以下哪个句子正确地使用了指示代词来指代上文提到的地点？A. 我们去了那个公园，那里的景色很美。
B. 我们去了这个公园，那里的景色很美。
C. 那个公园我们去了，那里的景色很美。
D. 这个公园我们去了，那里的景色很美。
二、填空题6. 这是我的铅笔，_________ 是你的。
（填入适当的指示代词）7. 这些苹果很新鲜，_________ 橙子也不错。
（填入适当的指示代词）8. 他们去了那个城市，_________ 有很多历史遗迹。
（填入适当的指示代词）9. 这些是他的玩具，_________ 是她的。
（填入适当的指示代词）10. 那个故事很有趣，_________ 电影也值得一看。
（填入适当的指示代词）三、改错题11. 这是我的书，那也是我的。
（找出错误并改正）12. 这些是我的书，那些是她的。
（找出错误并改正）13. 我们去了这个城市，那个城市也很美。
（找出错误并改正）14. 这是他的帽子，那个是她的。
（找出错误并改正）15. 这些是我们的椅子，那些是他们的。
（找出错误并改正）四、翻译题16. 请将下列句子从英文翻译成中文，并确保使用正确的指示代词。
- This is my car, and that is your car.- These are my books, and those are his books.- I went to this city last year, and I will go to thatcity next year.17. 请将下列句子从中文翻译成英文，并确保使用正确的指示代词。
高考英语复习之阅读理解代词指代题课件
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.
代词的作用： 代替名词或一句话
Pronouns substitute in for regular nouns(普通名词) and proper nouns(专有名词) to avoid unnecessary repetition(避免重复) of the same words over and over again.
三 解题步骤
1.向前指代 答案在代词上一句或两句处（前一句有序数词）
2.数的一致 指代的名词单复数和代词的单复数一致
3.逻辑判断
判断是人/物/事，或者与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系(主 谓关系或动宾关系)
73. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“______”. A. The local farmers B. Masqsood and Iftekhar C. Drayton and his team D. the poor people in Dhaka
人教版完整版(完整版)代词专题(练习题含答案)
人教版完整版(完整版)代词专题(练习题含答案)一、选择题1．To our sadness, an old man ________ in a wooden house. Nobody knew when he ________. But when I thought of his ________, I always feel pity.A． was found dead; died; death B． has dead; died; deathC． was found dead; death; dying D． has been dead; dying; died 2．—Excuse me, I want to buy a birthday present for my younger sister.—OK. We have new kinds of toys for girls. You can choose for her.A． one B． it C． them D． that 3．—Mum,our dolls’clothes are so dirty.—You may wash them, but be careful to keep ________ clean.A． them B． your C． yours D． theirs 4．— Lucy, do you know whose wallet it is on the table?—Sorry, I don’t know. I asked many people, but ________ kne w.A． nobody B． everybody C． anybody D． somebody 5．—Did you go to the popular tourist attraction yesterday?—Yes. After waiting for hours to get in, I found ________ too tired to finish the tour.A． it B． me C． itself D． myself 6．Seasons in Australia are the opposite of ________. It’s autumn there.A． us B． we C． our D． ours 7．—Wow! Jim plays the piano so well.—Not ________ can play it like this. He works hard at it.A． everybody B． somebody C． nobody D． anybody 8．Wait a minute. I have ________ more to tell you about the travelling plan.A． something B． everything C． anything D． nothing 9．—Today’s Yangtze Evening,please.—There’s only one copy left. Would you lik e ________?A． they B． them C． it D． one 10．They all think ________ to create such beautiful music with the transparent cups.A． it amazed B． that amazed C． it amazing D． that is amazing 11．—This book on animals is interesting. I’d like ________. Where did you buy it, Simon?—In the bookshop near my school.A． it B． this C． that D． one 12．—Which of the two dresses will you choose for the party?—________ of them is suitable for a birthday party. They are too formal.A． Neither B． None C． Either D． Both 13．—Dave, did you have fun at the New Year's Party?—Sure! I will never forget each wonderful memory of ________.A． we B． us C． our D． ours 14．Miss Liu is kind enough to help us whenever she is needed. We all like ______.A． she B． her C． him D． them15．It’s very convenient ______ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.A． to B． of C． by D． for16．Your home town is really nice!The air quality is as good as______of Sanya.A． it B． one C． that D． the one 17．Wearing red makes________easy________us to take action.A． it; for B． this; of C． that; for D． it; of 18．—Could you tell me how many classes you have on Friday afternoon?—___________. We can take part in activities in any club we like.A． None B． Nothing C． Neither D． Either 19．Though I agree with most of what you said, that doesn't mean I agree with _________. A． anything B． nothing C． everything D． something 20．You are supposed to bring _________ to his attention that the journey will be really tiring. A． that B． it C． this D． you21．— Have you got any books on the differences between Chinese and Western festivals? I want to borrow one.— Yes, here you are. But you must return _______by Sunday.A． one B． it C． this D． that22．— The TV series Love Designer is the most romantic drama I have ever seen.—I’m afraid it’s not ________ cup of tea.A．anybody’s B．everybody’s C．somebody’s D．nobody’s 23．They have provided several ways to solve the problem. We can choose _________ to start with.A． it B． that C． one D． each24．We all think ________ comfortable to live in Yancheng. It’s a beautiful and modern city.A． this B． that C． it D． what 25．—Mary, is this ________ blue bike?—No, ________ is a black one.A． your; my B． your; mine C． yours; my D． yours; mine 26．My parents have made ________ a habit to go out for a walk around Xuanwu Lake.A． this B． it C． that D． one27．The new workshop can not only help students learn different skills but also teach _________ to care about others.A． they B． them C． their D． themselves 28．— When would you like to go to Nanjing Garden Expo ( 园博园) with me, this Friday or Saturday?— ________. I am free only this Sunday.A． Both B． None C． Neither D． Either 29．Life is like a one-way street. ________ will happen________ the same way again.A． Nothing； by B． Nothing； / C． None； in D． None； on30．Dora always comes up with new ideas, but ________ is of any value to me.A． none B． nothing C． no one D． neither 31．The key to success is to start where you are, not when things get better, not if things were different, nor if you had what ________ else has.A． something B． anything C． somebody D． anybody 32．—He was the strong silent type.—Yes. He thought ________ better to say nothing.A． it B． its C．it’s D． itself 33．—Few films have had a greater eff ect on popular culture than Steven Spielberg’s.—It’s just your cup of tea. To me, his works are ________ more than entertainment.A． something B． anything C． nothing D． everything 34．—Can you play football or basketball?—________of them. I’m good at ball gam es.A． Both B． All C． Neither D． None35．It is wrong to copy others’answers. Do homework by ________, boys!A． yourself B． yourselves C． myself D． ourselves 36．—The apples are quite delicious! Can I have one more?—Sorry, there is ________ left, what about some oranges?A． none B． no one C． nothing D． nobody 37．—Do you know whose books they are on the desk?—I don't know. They' re not ________. Ask Andrew, please.A． mine B． me C． my D． I 38．—Where would you like to have a picnic, near Yangcheng Lake or in Forest Park?— ________ . You decide. I just want to relax myself in the beautiful nature.A． Either B． Neither C． Both D． None 39．Jeff dreams of becoming a detective like Sherlock Homes. He thinks there is ________ more exciting than solving a mystery.A． everything B． something C． anything D． nothing 40．My elder brother is creative, he is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.A． neither B． nothing C． no one D． none【参考答案】一、选择题1．A解析：A【详解】句意：令我们悲伤的是，一位老人被发现死在木屋里。
代词指代题常见类型
代词指代题常见类型代词是一种代替名词或词组的词，它们在句子中起着重要的作用。
在阅读理解中，代词指代题是一种常见的题型，要求考生根据上下文判断代词所指代的对象。
本文将介绍代词指代题的常见类型，帮助大家更好地理解代词在句子中的作用。
1. 名词性代词的指代名词性代词通常用来代替名词或名词短语，例如：it、that、which 等。
在句子中，名词性代词的指代通常与前面的名词有关。
例如：The book is interesting. I want to read it.（it指代前面的book）2. 形容词性代词的指代形容词性代词通常用来代替形容词或形容词短语，例如：my、his、whose等。
在句子中，形容词性代词的指代通常与前面的形容词有关。
例如：He is my friend.（my指代前面的he）3. 介词短语中的代词指代介词短语中的代词指代通常与介词短语中的名词有关。
例如：She is a student of mine.（mine指代前面的“a student of”）4. 动词后宾语中的代词指代动词后宾语中的代词指代通常与动词的宾语有关。
例如：Do you know what he likes?（what指代前面的动词like）5. 并列短语中的代词指代并列短语中的代词指代通常与并列短语中的名词有关。
例如：He has two brothers, one is a doctor, the other is a teacher.（the other指代前面的“one”）6. 长句中的代词指代在长句中，代词的指代可能更加复杂。
考生需要仔细阅读上下文，判断代词所指代的对象。
例如：She said she would help me with my homework, but she didn’t.（she指代前面的“She”）。
初三英语完形填空代词指代题单选题30题
初三英语完形填空代词指代题单选题30题1.The teacher said to Tom,“You should do your homework by yourself.”Here“yourself”refers to _____.A.TomB.the teacherC.Tom's classmatesD.Tom's parents答案：A。
“yourself”是反身代词，在这里指代句子的主语“Tom”。
选项B“the teacher”不符合；选项C“Tom's classmates”也不对；选项D“Tom's parents”更不正确。
2.Mom said to me,“You can ask your sister for help.”Here“your sister”refers to _____.A.meB.momC.my brotherD.my sister答案：D。
“your sister”就是“你的姐姐/妹妹”，所以指代的是“my sister”。
选项A“me”是“我”；选项B“mom”是“妈妈”；选项C“my brother”是“我的哥哥/弟弟”。
3.Dad told us,“We should help each other.”Here“each other”refers to _____.A.dad and us and our friends and our classmates and our relatives答案：A。
“each other”表示“互相”，在这里指的是“爸爸和我们”。
选项B“us and our friends”是“我们和我们的朋友”；选项C“us and our classmates”是“我们和我们的同学”；选项D“us and our relatives”是“我们和我们的亲戚”。
4.The teacher asked us,“Do you understand?”Here“you”refers to _____.A.the teacherB.all the studentsC.some studentsD.one student答案：B。
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代词指代题（二教师）一、核心提示与解题技巧（一）核心提示代词指代题要求应试者理解文段中所出现代词指代的具体内容。
该题型相对比较成熟，在国考及各地公务员考试中时常出现，江西也不例外。
代词指代题通常的提问方式有：“文中‘这’指的是……”“文中‘他们’指的是……”“句中的‘它’指的是……”等。
（二）解题技巧代词指代题难度不大，只要方法得当，基本上可算是送分的题目。
解题时注意以下原则：1.指代临近原则。
根据代词出现的位置，选择在句法结构上与其最靠近的词语为正确选项。
注意区分人称代词与指示代词的适配，如你、我、他（她）、它、你们、我们、他（她）们指代人，而这、那、这些、那些等可能指人也可能指物，一般指物较多。
2.主语话题原则。
指的是句子中的代词一般来说和句子的主语或话题的所指相同。
一般而言，文段对主旨的讨论都存在延续性，而出现在主旨中的主语通常也会多次出现，因此，问题中的代词所指代的对象很可能就是主旨中的主语。
二、典型真题精讲【例1】(2009-上海-36）一般博物学家常以外部环境如气候、食物等作为唯一可能引起变异的原因，就某一狭隘的意义上来说，这．可以算是正确的，这．点以后当再讨论到，但是如果把啄木鸟的构造，它的足、尾、嘴、舌如此巧妙地适应了捉取树皮里面的昆虫，仅仅归因于外界的条件是不合理的。
对文中加横线的两个“这”理解正确的一项是()。
A. 两个“这”指代一样，都指变异的原因B. 两个“这”指代一样，都指一般博物学家的看法C. 两个“这”指代不一样，第一个“这”指代变异的原因，第二个“这”指代“以外部环境如气候、食物等作为唯一可能引起变异的原因”D. 两个“这”指代不一样，第一个“这”指代一般博物学家对变异原因的看法，第二个“这”指代“就某一狭隘的意义上来说，这可以算是正确的”【解析】本题正确答案为D。
第一个“这”明显是指代一些博物学家对变异原因的看法。
而第二个“这”与第一个“这”指代的意思是不一样的，第二个“这”指代的是狭隘意义，博物学家对变异原因看法的观点。
故D项正确。
【例2】（2009-广东-37）近几年来，政府通过各类手段，促使产业结构升级，促进经济的可持续发展。
但是，经济转型政策在短期内对经济增长带来的负面影响显而易见。
受限制的行业在较短时期内会因政策的压力故而缓慢增长。
同时，受扶植政策不到位、市场培育滞后、技术开发存在瓶颈等因素影响，新的产业成长将较为缓慢，无法对冲前者带来的负面影响。
这段文字结尾处的“前者”是指()。
A. 政府各种促使产业结构升级的政策B. 政策在短期内对经济增长的负面影响C. 受限制的行业在短时期内增长缓慢D. 政策、市场、技术开发瓶颈等因素【解析】本题正确答案为C。
在经济转型政策下存在受限制企业和受扶植的企业，本段文字分别论述了二者受到的影响，前者会受到负影响增长缓慢，而后者的增长不能弥补该影响。
答案为C。
【例3】环境文化从广义上讲，既包括物质的成果，又包括精神的成果；从狭义上讲，则只包括精神的成果。
它主要指那些在环境保护问题上所取得的，民族的，国家的，甚至是整个人类的广泛共识，以及含有这些“共识”内容的多种文化艺术的表现形式。
文段中的“它”字指代的应是（）。
A. 环境文化B. 广义环境文化C. 狭义环境文化D. 精神成果和物质成果【解析】本题正确答案为C。
“它”后面的内容“广泛共识”和“文化艺术表现形式”都是精神的成果，因此，“它”是指“狭义精神文化”。
【名师点评】本题只要看文段的后半句就可以知道，后面说的都是狭义的环境文化。
【例4】（2008-江苏C类-68）定律具有普适性，不受文化、宗教、地域等因素的限制。
壶如果没有底或者开口比其他部位开敞，我们就不认为这是传统意义上的壶。
物理学定律决定了实用型工艺品的一般形式，“它们”具有一些基本的样式，其功能也只能在一定限度内有所变化。
这里的“它们”是指（）。
A. 实用型工艺品B. 物理学定律C. 壶D. 壶的底与开口【解析】本题正确答案为A。
本题属于代词指代题，根据就近原则题型综述在片段阅读中还存在着这样一种题型，要求考生理解文中出现代词所指代的具体含义，这种题目我们称之为“代词指代题”。
这种题目属于比较成熟的题型，在中央国家机关及地方省市公务员考试中时有考查，考查的载体可以是片段阅读，也可以是篇章阅读。
通常提问的方式有：“上文中‘这，指的是”、“上文中‘此，指代的是”、“文中‘他们'是指”、“请问‘那些，指代的是”、“句中的后者，指的是”、“文中‘它'指代的是”等等。
事实上这种题目的难度并不大，只要考生掌握了正确的答题方法就可以顺利作答。
代词指代题主要有指代临近原则与主语话题原则两种。
技法点晴一、指代临近原则指的是代词所指代的内容一般应该是在句法结构上和它靠近的词语。
如“王刚写文章抨击小李，说他是个欺世盗名的小人。
”这一句子中的“他”应该指代“小李”，因为“他”是指代人，句子中提到了两个人，一个是“王刚”，一个是“小李”，而“小李”离代词的句法位置比“王刚”要近得多，因此“他”优选指代“小李”。
二、主语话题原则指的是句子中的代词一般来说和句子或者话题的所指相同，这一原则尤其在句群和篇章中更为适用。
如：“老太太真的以为自己的房子要被拆了，急坏了的她立即赶到交道口办事处、规划局咨询，当她得到不拆的答复后，放心了”这里的几处“她”都指整个段落的话题“老太太”。
【精讲】由于代词词性功能的限制，所指代的通常为名词或名词性结构，根据指代临近原则和主语语题原则通常其指代的对角不会很远，因此考生在作答过和中只需瞻前顾后，考虑代词出现位置的前句和后句，考虑话题的一致性，考点，代词指代题中主要考查人称代词和指示代词的指代关系。
一、人称代词如“你、我、他、她、它、你们、我们、她们、它们、”指代的必然是人或动物，通常在句中做主语，因此在进行辩别时首先将指代事物的选项排除，指代人的优选，重点观察主语的内涵。
二、指示代词如“这、那、这些、此”等可能指人也可能指物，一般指物较多，不过也需要结合具体题目进行分析，以免造成误选。
鉴于近年来中央国家机关及地方省市公务员考试的难度逐年增加，在代词指代题上出现了新的专利法，即将词语理解题与代词指代题相结合进行考查，提问的方式看似词语理解题，实则考查考生对于隐含代词指代的把握能力，因此考生在复习的过程中要注意将词语理解题与代词指代题相结合，把握这两种题型的共同之处，即临近原则，从而迅速有效地作答。
进行分辩即可推出答案。
根据公务员考试的例1、(2004年国考)尽管国际上对此存在很多争议，意大利文化部门还是决定用蒸馏水清洗米开朗基罗的旷世杰作——《大卫》雕像。
这项工程的目的之一是除去这座高达4．5米的雕像上的尘土和油污。
佛罗伦萨博物馆的负责人说：“这项工程并不是为了让雕像变得更好看。
”意大利文化部长已经排除了干洗的可能性。
“国际上对此存在很多争议”的“此”指的是( )。
A．《大卫》雕像是米开朗基罗的旷世杰作 B．这项工程是为了让雕像变得更好看C．决定用蒸馏水清洗《大卫》雕像 D．要除去这座高达4．5米的雕像上的尘土和油污【答案】C【解析】一道典型的代词指代题，根据临近原则可以推知“此”必然指代离它最近的一句话中的主语或者宾语。
其中主语是“意大利文化部门”，宾语是“决定用蒸馏水清洗米开朗基罗的旷世杰作《大卫》雕像”，通常指示代词指代宾语，因此C项为正确答案。
例2、(2OO3年国考)今年2月份，科尔尼公司对全球134家大公司进行调查时，85％的公司表示今年将保持或增加外国直接投资。
在这次调查中，95％的公司决策人表示对目前世界经济的担心甚于去年，但他们当中2／3的人表示，外国直接投资将保持去年的水平。
本段中的“他们”，指代的是( )。
A．科尔尼公司的工作人员 B．调查中85％的公司人员 C．调查中95％的公司决策人 D．134家大公司中的决策人【答案】C【解析】一道典型的代词指代题，考生首先明确“他们”这类人称代词指代的成分必然是人，其次到离其出现位置最近的前后两句寻找答案，即“95％的公司决策人”为主语指代“他们”，因此C项为正确答案。
【点拨】例1和例2都是非常典型的对于代词指代题的考查，考生解题的关键就在于确定代词出现的位置之后，把握临近原则，在代词出现的前后句中寻找相关项即为答案，通常人称代词指代主语，指示代词指代宾语。
例3、（2005年北京）经济学家保罗•罗默指出，知识的生产、应用和扩散的效率与知识的积累及人力资本正相关。
而正是在这两点，发展中国家同发达国家存在着巨大差距，这种差距虽然使发展中国家在知识的选择和应用方面可以有较大的回旋余地，但同时使得他们与发达国家在国际分工中因位势的不同形成垂直分工的关系，因而处于不利地位，甚至随着新的技术壁垒的形成而形成新的“中心——依附”关系，加大贫富差距。
文中划线部分“而正是这两点”中的“这”指代的是（）A．知识的产生和应用 B．知识的应用及扩赛效率 C．知识的积累 D．知识的积累和人力资本【答案】D【解析】一道典型的代词指代题，考生需要通过已知信息来获得未知信息，提问方式中明确指出“这”包含“两点”，意味着考生在回到原文寻找答案时要注意寻找相关两点的对象。
根据临近原则“这”指代的必定是之前的语句信息，即“知识的生产、应用和扩散的效率与知识的积累及人力资本正相关”一句中的内容，其中“知识的生产、应用和扩散的效率”为并列关系，可以将其看作一个对象，与“知识的积累”和“人力资本”相关，因此“这”指代的应该是临近的两点，即“知识的积累和人力资本”，所以正确答案为D项。
例4、(2004年国考)光滑的皮肤和人造的泳衣哪一个在水中的阻力小?这些泳衣采用了特殊的纤维，接缝都放在身体的背面，使其不会影响运动员的动作。
另外，泳衣的重量和色彩也不容忽视。
显然，谁都想穿比对手更轻的泳装，后者则涉及心理因素及品牌的形象问题。
句中的“后者”指( )A．接缝都放在身体的背面 B．这些泳衣采用了特殊的纤维C．泳衣的色彩 D．泳衣的重量【答案】C【解析】一道典型的代词指代题，考生需要通过已知信息来获得未知信息，提问方式既然考查“后者”，那么在这之前必然存在“前者”，因此考生需要到“后者”之前的语句去寻找答案，辨别何为“前者”，何为“后者”。
回到原文即“泳衣的重量和色彩也不容忽视”一句，根据“谁都想穿比对手更轻的泳装”可知前者指代的为重量，不言自明“后者”必然指代的是“色彩”，因此正确答案为C项。
【点拨】例3和例4值得考生思考，提问方式中都隐含着一定信息来帮助考生判断，因此考生在审题时一定要仔细，善于从已知信息中推断未知。
例5、(2008年国考)中国消费信贷市场的现状，使得对中国银行业投入巨资的西方银行在信用卡‘业务上仍是投资’没有盈利。