(完整版)中考英语语法专项一名词讲解及习题

中考语法专项一名词

1.名词的数

可数名词——一般是个体名词，如a boy(一个男孩)，集体名词a family(一个家庭)，可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾，头就是a，one，an或物主代词；尾就是复数形式。

特殊的复数形式:

1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two 等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。

the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)

the French法国人(指全体法国人)

2）复合名词

a woman teacher—women teachers女教师an Englishman—Englishmen英国男子

a grown-up—grown-ups成人

a brother-in-law—brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯

2.不可数名词

专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊the West Lake西湖

物质名词：液体：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)

肉类：beef chicken mutton pork

天气：weather rain snow wind light 光

其他：news(新闻，消息) bread(面包)

抽象名词：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步

【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。

tea—different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶

food 食品—all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品

fruit 水果—all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果

glass 玻璃— a glass 一个玻璃杯—glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯

不可数名词量的表示法

a cup/bag/piece/bottle/glass/slice.....

a pair of

3.【名词的格】

1)．表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。

①一般在单数或复数名词后加－'s。如：Tom's chair；the children's bedroom

②以－s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如：the students' reading room

③并列名词表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s；

表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。

如：Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)

Tom’s and Mike’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）

④表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。

如：at Tom’s 在汤姆家里at the tailor's在裁缝店at a chemist's在药店

2)．表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。

如：the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福

注意：①表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长．也可用“of+名词”的形

式。

如：the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun

the founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立

②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用－'s。

如：yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程

③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。

如： a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指

④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。

如：teachers' office 教师办公室children's book 儿童读物

中考英语试题对名词的考查重点是：1. 可数名词与不可数名词；2. 可数名词的复数变化；3.不可数名词量的表示法；4. 名词所有格；5. 名词作定语；6. 在特定的语境中考查

名词词义。

4、名词作定语

[中考引路]

—How many ____ teachers are there in your school?

—____ them______ over two hundred.

A. woman; The number of; is

B. women; The number of; is

C. woman; A number of; is

D. women; A number of; are

[用法详解]

名词用作定语时，通常用其单数形式。例如：a football player 一名足球运动员；many banana trees许多香蕉树

但是常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时要用复数形式。例如：a sports meet一场运动会；a glasses store 一家眼镜店

man，woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，须随所修饰名词的数而定。例如：

a man doctor 一名男医生；two women teachers 两名女教师

5、在特定的语境中考查名词词义

[中考引路]

1. — Would you please pass me something to drink?

— What about some ______?

A. beef

B. fish

C. juice

D. bread

2. —Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.

—She said she would never forget some pleasant ______while working there.

A. experiments

B. expressions

C. experiences

D. emotions

练习

一．名词（可数名词与不可数名词、名词的复数形式、名词的所有格）

典型题练习：

l. -What a good ___________you've given me! Thanks a lot.

-My pleasure.

A. information

B.news

C.suggestion

D.advice

2. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there ______a lot of useful____on the websites.

A. are; informations

B.are; information

C.is; information

D.is;informations

3. -Can you imagine____great progress in your study with no plan?

-lf you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Success doesn't happen like magic.

A. to make

B.making a

C.making

D.to make a

4. The theme park is about ______ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.

A. two hour

B. two hour's

C. two hours'

D. two hours

5. He thought the painting was of little , so he let me have it for only ten pounds. .

A. cost

B. price

C. value

D. money

6. -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?

-_________ .

A. In three days'

B. After three days

C. In three days' time

D. After three day's time

7. British people eat ______ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.

A. chicken

B. beef

C. fish

D. potatoes

8. The music made me think of the____ of a running stream.

A. shout

B. noise

C. voice

D. sound

9. -Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?

-I'm afraid we have no ___ but to take a taxi.

A. choice

B. decision

C. reason

D. information

10. -Could you tell me the ______ of making such tasty cakes?

-Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.

A. time

B. method

C. cost

D. menu

11. Could you take ____ for these ______? They are very beautiful.

A. any photos; tomatoes

B. some photos; tomatoes