江苏省常州市华罗庚中学2020-2021学年高三上学期10月一轮复习阶段性检测数学试题
省扬中、省华罗庚中学、省溧中2020┄2021届高三10月联考化学试卷
高三三校联考2021年10月化学试卷注意事项：本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共120分。
考试时间100分钟。
可能用到的原子量：H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 S 32第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共56分）一、选择题（本题包括6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
每小题只有一个．．．．选项符合题意）1．探测冥王星（Pluto）的“新地平线（New Horizons）”号具有10.9 kg钚—238（Pu23894）燃料的核电池系统，核电池是由辐射β射线（高速电子流）的放射源，收集这些电子的集电器，以及两者之间的绝缘体三部分组成。
下列有关说法正确的是A．钚电池是将核能转化为电能B．核燃料是可再生能源C．放射源一端为正极，集电器一端为负极D．Pu23894的原子质量是12C原子质量的238倍2．世界著名的科技史专家、英国剑桥大学的李约瑟博士考证说：“中国至少在距今3000年以前，就已经使用玻璃了。
”下列有关玻璃的说法不正确的是A．制普通玻璃的原料主要是纯碱、石灰石和石英 B．玻璃在加热熔化时有固定的熔点C．普通玻璃的成分主要是硅酸钠、硅酸钙和二氧化硅D．盛放烧碱溶液的试剂瓶不能用玻璃塞，是为了防止烧碱跟二氧化硅生成硅酸钠而使瓶塞与瓶口粘在一起3．每年元宵节晚上，人们都要举行盛大的焰火庆祝活动。
焰火绽放出的五颜六色是一些金属离子魅力的展示。
焰火的主要原料是黑火药，还有草酸钠、碳酸铜（发出绿色的光）等发色剂和氯酸钾、镁铝金属粉末等添加剂。
下列说法正确的是A．碳酸铜因为受热分解才发出绿色的光B．氯酸钾的主要用途是产生紫色的焰火C．镁铝在焰火中发出耀眼的白光D．黑火药的主要成分是木炭、硫磺4．2006年11月23日中科院网报道，核磁共振造影增强剂用于疾病的诊断，还可以作为药物载体用于疾病的治疗。
中科院化学研究所在肿瘤鉴别诊断用磁共振造影剂研究方面取得重要进展。
为磁性纳米晶体材料在生物医学领域的应用提供了更广泛的前景。
2021届江苏省常州市华罗庚中学高三上学期10月月考物理试题及答案
绝密★启用前江苏省常州市华罗庚中学2021届高三毕业班上学期10月月考检测物理试题2020年10月一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1．如图所示为斧头劈柴的剖面图，图中BC 边为斧头背，AB 、AC 边为斧头的刃面。
要使斧头容易劈开木柴，需要A ．BC 边短些，AB 边也短些B ．BC 边长一些，AB 边短一些 C ．BC 边短一些，AB 边长一些D ．BC 边长一些，AB 边也长一些2．以下说法正确的是 A ．用绿光或紫光照射某金属发生光电效应时，逸出光电子的最大初动能可能相等B ．如果大量氢原子处在3n =的能级,会辐射两种频率的光子C ．23290Th 经过6次α衰变和4次β衰变后成为20882PbD ．结合能越大的原子核越稳定3．一半圆形玻璃砖,C 点为其球心,直线OO '与玻璃砖上表面垂直,C 为垂足,如图所示。
与直线OO '平行且到直线OO '距离相等的ab 两条不同频率的细光束从空气射入玻璃砖,折射后相交于图中的P 点,以下判断正确的是A．b光从空气射入玻璃砖后速度变小,波长变长B．真空中a光的波长大于b光C．a光的频率比b光高D．若a光、b光从同一介质射入真空,a光发生全反射的临界角小于b光4．彩虹圈有很多性质和弹簧相似,在弹性限度内彩虹圈间的弹力随着形变量的增加而增大,但彩虹圈的重力不能忽略。
用手拿起彩虹圈的上端,让彩虹圈的下端自由下垂且离地面一定高度,然后由静止释放。
设下落过程中彩虹圈始终没有超出弹性限度,则A．刚释放瞬间彩虹圈上端的加速度大于当地的重力加速度B．刚释放瞬间彩虹圈下端的加速度等于当地的重力加速度C．刚开始下落的一小段时间内彩虹圈的长度变长D．彩虹圈的下端接触地面前彩虹圈的长度不变5．如图所示为一列简谐横波t时刻的图象,已知波速为0.2m/s。
下列说法正确的是。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物第一次联考试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物第一次联考试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. DNA的碱基或染色体片段都可能存在着互换现象，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.基因的两条链上相同位置的碱基互换可引起基因突变B.姐妹染色单体相同位置的片段互换可引起基因重组C.非同源染色体之间发生基因的互换可引起染色体结构变异D.减数第一次分裂时染色体互换会引起配子种类的改变2. 有关水、盐平衡调节的叙述，不正确的是（）A. 抗利尿激素能促进肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收B. 水盐平衡的调节中枢位于下丘脑C. 食用过咸食物引起大脑皮层产生渴觉的过程属于反射D. 大量饮水，可引起抗利尿激素的分泌减少3. 分布有乙酰胆碱受体的神经元称为胆碱能敏感神经元，它普遍存在于神经系统中，参与学习与记忆等调节活动。
乙酰胆碱酯酶催化乙酰胆碱的分解，药物阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱与胆碱能敏感神经元的相应受体结合。
下列说法错误的是（）A. 乙酰胆碱分泌量和受体数量改变会影响胆碱能敏感神经元发挥作用B. 使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂可抑制胆碱能敏感神经元受体发挥作用C. 胆碱能敏感神经元的数量改变会影响学习与记忆等调节活动D. 注射阿托品可影响胆碱能敏感神经元所引起的生理效应4. 一植物细胞内发生反应：A+H2O→B+C，若A是糖类，B、C是分子结构不同的单糖，则A可能是（）A. 麦芽糖B. 蔗糖C. 纤维素D. 乳糖5. 人肝细胞合成的糖原储存在细胞内，合成的脂肪不储存在细胞内，而是以VLDL（脂肪与蛋白复合物）形式分泌出细胞外。
下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.VLDL的合成与核糖体和内质网有关B.VIDI分泌出细胞外需要载体蛋白的协助C.VLDL分泌出细胞能体现细胞膜的结构特点D.合成糖原的单体，进人肝细胞时需要消耗能量6. 科学家通过化学方法处理萌动的拟南芥种子可获得大量突变体，探明了野生型拟南芥中乙烯的作用途径，其简图如下。
2023届江苏省常州市华罗庚中学高三上学期10月调研数学试题(解析版)
2023届江苏省常州市华罗庚中学高三上学期10月调研数学试题一、单选题1．已知集合2{|340},{4,1,3,5}A x x x B =--<=-，则A B =（ ） A ．{4,1}- B ．{1,5} C ．{3,5} D ．{1,3}【答案】D【分析】首先解一元二次不等式求得集合A ，之后利用交集中元素的特征求得A B ⋂，得到结果. 【详解】由2340x x --<解得14x -<<， 所以{}|14A x x =-<<，又因为{}4,1,3,5B =-，所以{}1,3A B =， 故选：D.【点睛】本题考查的是有关集合的问题，涉及到的知识点有利用一元二次不等式的解法求集合，集合的交运算，属于基础题目. 2．复数113i-的虚部是（ ） A ．310-B ．110-C ．110D ．310【答案】D【分析】利用复数的除法运算求出z 即可. 【详解】因为1131313(13)(13)1010i z i i i i +===+--+， 所以复数113z i =-的虚部为310. 故选：D.【点晴】本题主要考查复数的除法运算，涉及到复数的虚部的定义，是一道基础题. 3．已知P ：20x x -<，那么命题P 的一个必要非充分条件是（ ） A ．01x << B ．11x -<<C ．1223x <<D ．122x <<【答案】B【分析】先解不等式求出01x <<，然后结合选项根据必要不充分条件的概念即可判断. 【详解】因为20x x -<，所以01x <<，然后结合选项根据必要不充分条件的概念可判断，4．已知函数()e e x x f x -=- (e 为自然对数的底数)，若0.57a =，0.5log 0.7b =， 0.7log 5c =，则 （ ） A ．()()()f b f a f c << B ．()()()f a f b f c << C ．()()()f c f a f b << D ．()()()f c f b f a <<【答案】B【分析】判断函数的单调性，比较,,a b c 的大小关系，利用单调性即可求解. 【详解】0.70.50.5log 5log 5log 0.71c b =<<=<，0.50771a =>=， 所以a b c >>，又因为函数()e e x x f x -=-在R 上单调递减， 所以()()()f a f b f c <<， 故选：B .5．已知1sin()63πθ-=，则sin(2)6πθ+的值为（ ）A ．79-B ．79C ．89-D ．13【答案】B【分析】利用诱导公式化sin(2)6πθ+为cos(2)3πθ-，再借助二倍角的余弦公式即可计算得解.【详解】因1sin()63πθ-=，则sin(2)sin[(2)]cos(2)cos 2()63236πππππθθθθ+=-+=-=-221712sin ()12()639πθ=--=-⋅=，所以sin(2)6πθ+的值为79.故选：B6．在6⎫⎝的二项展开式中，2x 的系数为（ ）A ．1516B ．1516-C ．316D ．316-【答案】D【分析】求得二项展开式的通项，结合通项确定r 的值，代入即可求解.【详解】由二项式6⎫⎝展开式的通项为6631661((1)()2r r r rr r r r T C C x ---+==-⋅， 当1r =时，可得15122261316(1)()=2T C x x -=-⋅所以2x 的系数为316-.7．我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中“开立圆术”日：置积尺数，以十六乘之，九而一，所得开立方除之，即立圆径．意思是：球的体积V 乘16，除以9，再开立方，即为球的直径d ，由此我们可以推测当时球的表面积S 计算公式为（ ） A ．2278S d = B ．2272S d = C ．2227S d =D ．21114S d =【答案】A【分析】根据已知条件结合球的体积公式34π32d ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭求解出π的值，然后根据球的表面积公式24π2d ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭求解出S 的表示，即可得到结果.【详解】d =，所以3394π1632d d V ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭，所以27π8=， 所以22227274π42848d d S d ⎛⎫==⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭，故选：A .8．已知定义R 在上的函数()f x ，其导函数为()f x '，若()()2sin f x f x x =--，且当0x ≥时，()cos 0f x x '+>，则不等式()()sin cos 2f x f x x x π+>+-的解集为（ ）A ． (,)2π-∞B ． (,)2π+∞C ． (,)4π-∞-D ． (,)4π-+∞【答案】D【分析】令()()sin g x f x x =+，由题意，得出()g x 为定义在R 上的偶函数，且()g x 在[0,)+∞上单调递增，再把不等式()()sin cos 2f x f x x x π+>+-转化为()()2g x g x π+>，利用单调性求解.【详解】令()()sin g x f x x =+，则()()()sin ()sin g x f x x f x x -=-+-=--， 又由()()2sin f x f x x =--，所以()sin ()sin f x x f x x +=--. 故()()g x g x =-，即()g x 为定义在R 上的偶函数； 当0x ≥时，()()cos 0g x f x x ''=+>， 所以()g x 在[0,)+∞上单调递增，由()cos ()sin()()sin 222f x x f x x f x x πππ++=+++>+，即()()2g x g x π+>，所以||||2x x π+>，解得4x π>-，所以不等式()()sin cos 2f x f x x x π+>+-的解集为(,)4π-+∞.故选：D.【点睛】关键点点睛：本题关键是根据()cos 0f x x '+>这一信息，构造函数()()sin g x f x x =+，进而利用函数单调性的定义而得解.二、多选题9．已知在数学测验中，某校学生的成绩服从正态分布()110,81N ，其中90分为及格线，则下列结论中正确的有（附：随机变量ξ服从正态分布()2,N μσ，则()220.9545P μσξμσ-<<+=（ ）A ．该校学生成绩的期望为110B ．该校学生成绩的标准差为9C ．该校学生成绩的标准差为81D ．该校学生成绩及格率超过95% 【答案】ABD【分析】利用正态分布的性质以及“3σ原则”进行计算即可.【详解】因为该校学生的成绩服从正态分布()110,81N ，则110μ=，方差为281σ=， 标准差为9σ=，21102992μσ-=-⨯=，()()()()11909222222P P P P ξξξμσμσξμσ≥>≥=≥-=+-<<+110.95450.977250.9522=+⨯=>. 所以，该校学生成绩的期望为110，该校学生成绩的标准差为9，该校学生成绩及格率超过95%. 所以，ABD 选项正确，C 选项错误. 故选：ABD.10．已知函数()sin 26f x x π⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，则（ ）A ．()f x 的最小正周期为πB ．将sin 2y x =的图象上所有的点向右平移6π个单位长度，可得到()f x 的图象 C ．()f x 在,63ππ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增D ．点5,012π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭是()f x 图象的一个对称中心【答案】ACD【解析】A 选项用三角函数最小正周期公式确定正确性，B 选项根据图象变换确定正确性，C 选项通过求()f x 单调区间来确定正确性，D 选项利用代入法确定正确性. 【详解】()f x 的最小正周期为22T ππ==，故A 选项正确. sin 2y x =的图象上所有的点向右平移6π个单位长度得到sin 2sin 263x x ππ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫-=- ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦，故B 选项错误. 由2262x πππ-<-<，22,3363x x ππππ-<<-<<，所以()f x 在,63ππ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增，C 选项正确. ()55sin sin 01266f ππππ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=--=-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，所以点5,012π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭是()f x 图象的一个对称中心，故D 选项正确. 故选：ACD11．攒尖是我国古代建筑中屋顶的一种结构形式，宋代称为最尖，清代称攒尖，通常有圆形攒尖、三角攒尖、四角攒尖、八角攒尖，也有单檐和重檐之分，多见于亭阁式建筑，园林建筑．下面以四角攒尖为例，如图，它的屋顶部分的轮廓可近似看作一个正四棱锥．已知此正四棱锥的侧面与底面所成的锐二面角为θ，这个角接近30︒，若取30θ=︒，侧棱长为21米，则（ ）A ．正四棱锥的底面边长为6米B ．正四棱锥的底面边长为3米C ．正四棱锥的侧面积为3D ．正四棱锥的侧面积为3【答案】AC【分析】利用已知条件画出图像，设O 为正方形ABCD 的中心，H 为AB 的中点，设底面边长为2a ，利用线面角的定义得出30SHO ∠=︒，根据已知条件得到各边的长，进而求出正四棱锥的侧面积即可.【详解】如图，在正四棱锥S ABCD -中，O 为正方形ABCD 的中心，H 为AB 的中点， 则SH AB ⊥， 设底面边长为2a ． 因为30SHO ∠=︒， 所以323,,OH AH a OS SH ===． 在Rt SAH 中，222321a ⎫+=⎪⎝⎭， 所以3a =，底面边长为6米，162342432S =⨯⨯= 故选：AC.12．设函数2sin ()1xf x x x π=-+，则（ ）A ．()f x 的最大值为43B ．()5f x x ≤C ．曲线()y f x =存在对称轴D ．曲线()y f x =存在对称中心【答案】ABC 【分析】函数2sin ()1xf x x x π=-+，对于A ：分别求出分子分母的范围，即可求出()f x 的最大值；对于B ：借助于()2sin ||51324f x x x x x πππ=⨯<⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭，判断出()5f x x ≤； 对于C ：分析出sin y x =π和21y x x =-+的对称轴即可 对于D ：利用对称中心的定义进行验证.【详解】作出2sin ()1xf x x x π=-+的图像，如图示：对于A ：∵分子[]sin 1,1x π∈-，分母221331244x x x ⎛⎫-+=-+≥ ⎪⎝⎭，∴2sin 14()=3134x f x x x π=≤-+，故A 正确；对于B ：考虑()2sin 4||531324f x x x x x ππππ=⨯≤<⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭，故B 正确； 对于C ：∵12x =是sin y x =π的对称轴，也是2213124y x x x ⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭的对称轴，∴12x =是()y f x =的对称轴，故C 正确； 对于D ：∵()()f a x f a x -++不可能为常数，故D 错误. 故选：ABC【点睛】（1）多项选择题是2020年高考新题型，需要要对选项一一验证；（2）对于非基本初等函数的单调性、奇偶性、周期性、最值等性质，利用定义法进行分析.三、填空题13．已知0a >，0b >，且1ab =，则111822a b a b+++的最小值为___________. 【答案】6 【分析】将111822a b a b+++化简，然后利用基本不等式即可求出最小值. 【详解】0,0,0a b a b >>∴+>，1ab =，111818222a b a b a b ab a b +∴++=+++1862a b a b +=+≥+，当且仅当6a b +=时取等号，结合1ab =，解得33a b =-=+或33a b =+=-. 故答案为：6.【点睛】易错点睛：利用基本不等式求最值时，要注意其必须满足的三个条件： （1）“一正二定三相等”“一正”就是各项必须为正数；（2）“二定”就是要求和的最小值，必须把构成和的二项之积转化成定值；要求积的最大值，则必须把构成积的因式的和转化成定值；（3）“三相等”是利用基本不等式求最值时，必须验证等号成立的条件，若不能取等号则这个定值就不是所求的最值，这也是最容易发生错误的地方.14．党的十九大报告提出“乡村振兴战略”，要“推动城乡义务教育一体化发展，高度重视农村义务教育为了响应报告精神，某师范大学5名毕业生主动申请到某贫困山区的乡村小学工作.若将这5名毕业生分配到该山区的3所乡村小学，每所学校至少分配1人最多分配2人，则分配方案的总数为________. 【答案】90【解析】首先将5名毕业生分组，然后再全排即可.【详解】将5名毕业生按2,2,1分组，则方法有2215312215C C C A ⋅⋅=， 分配到3所乡村小学，共有333216A =⨯⨯=，所以分配方案的总数为15690⨯=. 故答案为：9015．若函数2ln ,0()1,0x a x x f x x ax x ⎧-->=⎨++≤⎩恰有3个不同的零点，则a 的取值范围是____.【答案】(,1)(2,)-∞-+∞【解析】去绝对值，分0a x e <≤、a x e >与0x ≤进行讨论，对()f x 进行化简，同时对()f x 求导，结合函数有3个不同的零点，可得a 的取值范围.【详解】解：（1）当0a x e <≤时，()ln f x x x a =--+，因为()f x 递减，()0a a f e e =-<，0x →时，()f x →+∞，所以()f x 在(0,]a e -有1个零点；当a x e >时，()ln f x x x a =-+-，因为1()xf x x-'=，①1a e ≥，即0a ≥时，()f x 在(,)a e +∞上递减，所以()()0a a f x f e e <=-<，即()f x 在(,)a e +∞没有零点； ②1a e <，即a<0时，()f x 在(,1)a e 上递增，在(1,)+∞上递减，因为()0a a f e e =-<，(1)1f a =--，所以10a -<<时，()f x 在(,)a e +∞没有零点；1a =-时，()f x 在(,)a e +∞有1个零点；1a <-时，()f x 在(,)a e +∞有2个不同的零点.（2）当0x ≤时，2()1=++f x x ax ，当2a <时，()f x 在(,0]-∞上没有零点；当2a =时，()f x 在(,0]-∞有1个零点；2a >时，()f x 在(,0]-∞有2个不同的零点. 综上，当1a <-或2a >时()f x 恰有三个不同的零点.【点睛】本题主要考查函数的零点与利用导数判断函数的单调性与零点，属于难题.16．已知三棱锥-P ABC 的四个顶点都在球O 的表面上，PA ⊥平面ABC ，6PA =，23AB =，2AC =，4BC =，则球O 的半径为______；若D 是BC 的中点，过点D 作球O 的截面，则截面面积的最小值是______．【答案】 13 4π【解析】过底面外接圆的圆心O '作垂直于底面的直线，则球心O 在该直线上，可得32PAOO '==，然后即可求出球的半径，若D 是BC 的中点，D ，O '重合，过点D 作球O 的截面，则截面面积最小时是与OO '垂直的面，即是三角形ABC 的外接圆，然后算出答案即可.【详解】如图所示：由题意知底面三角形为直角三角形，所以底面外接圆的半径22BCr ==， 过底面外接圆的圆心O '作垂直于底面的直线，则球心O 在该直线上，可得32PAOO '==， 连接OA ，设外接球的半径为R ，所以222222313R r OO '=+=+=，解得13R = 若D 是BC 的中点，D ，O '重合，过点D 作球O 的截面， 则截面面积最小时是与OO '垂直的面，即是三角形ABC 的外接圆，而三角形ABC 的外接圆半径是斜边的一半，即2，所以截面面积为224ππ⋅=．4π【点睛】几何体的外接球球心一定在过底面多边形的外心作垂直于底面的直线上.四、解答题17．已知集合{}123A x m x m =-≤≤+，不等式811x <-的解集为B ． (1)当2m =时，求A B ⋃，()A B R ； (2)若A B A =，求实数m 的取值范围． 【答案】(1)答案见解析 (2)()(),110,-∞-⋃+∞【分析】（1）代入2m =化简集合A ，再解分式不等式得到集合B ，从而利用集合的交并补运算及数轴法可求得结果；（2）由A B A =得A B ⊆，分类讨论A =∅与A ≠∅两种情况，结合数轴法与集合的包含关系即可求得实数m 的取值范围．【详解】（1）当2m =时，{}{}12317A x m x m x x =-≤≤+=≤≤， 由811x <-得8101x -<-，即901x x -<-，故901x x ->-，即()()910x x -->，解得1x <或9x >，故{1B x x =<或}9x >， 所以{7A B x x ⋃=≤或}9x >，{R1A x x =<或}7x >，故(){R 1A B x x ⋂=<或}9x >. （2）因为A B A =，所以A B ⊆， 当A =∅时，231m m +<-，解得4m <-；当A ≠∅时，由数轴法得4231m m ≥-⎧⎨+<⎩或419m m ≥-⎧⎨->⎩，即41m m ≥-⎧⎨<-⎩或410m m ≥-⎧⎨>⎩，故41m -≤<-或10m >， 综上：1m <-或10m >，所以实数m 的取值范围为()(),110,-∞-⋃+∞.18．已知函数()cos()(0,0,0)2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ=+>><<的图象过点1(0,)2，最小正周期为2π3，且最小值为－1.(1)求函数()f x 的解析式.(2)求()f x 在区间[,]63ππ上的值域．【答案】(1)()cos(3)3f x x π=+(2)[211,]--【分析】(1)先根据最值确定A ，再根据周期确定ω，最后根据点M 的坐标求出ϕ，即可求出()f x 的解析式；(2)利用（1）的结论，求出5ππ4π3633x ≤+≤，结合余弦函数的图象即可求解. 【详解】（1）由函数的最小值为－1，可得A=1， 因为最小正周期为23π，所以ω=3. 可得()cos(3)f x x ϕ=+，又因为函数的图象过点1(0,)2，所以1cos 2ϕ=，而02πϕ<<，所以3πϕ=，故()cos(3)3f x x π=+.（2）由（1）可知：()cos(3)3f x x π=+，因为ππ[,]63x ∈，5ππ4π3633x ≤+≤，所以1cos(3)[1,]32x π+∈--， 故函数()f x 在区间[,]63ππ上的值域为[211,]--.19．美国2018年3月挑起“中美贸易争端”，剑指“中国制造2025”，中国有“缺芯”之痛.今有三个研究机构A ，B ，C 对某“AI 芯片”做技术攻关，A 能攻克的概率34为，B 能攻克的概率为23，C 能攻克的概率为12，（1）求这一技术难题被攻克的概率；（2）先假设一年后该技术难题已被攻克，上级会奖励m 万元.奖励规则如下：若只有1个机构攻克，则此机构获得全部奖金m 万元；若只有两个机构攻克，则奖金奖给此两个机构，每个机构各得2m万元；若三个机构均攻克，则奖金奖给三个机构，每个机构各得3m万元.设A ，B 得到的奖金数为X ，求X 的分布列和数学期望. 【答案】（1）2324；（2）分布列见解析，()3548E X m =.【分析】（1）对立事件是这一技术难题没有被攻克即每个队都没有攻克技术难题，由对立事件的概率公式求解；（2）根据规则X 的可能取值为：0，2m，23m ，m ，X 0=表示,A B 均未攻克技术难题，C 可能攻克也可以未攻克，2m X =表示A 未攻克，,B C 同时攻克或B 未攻克，,A C 同时 攻克，23mX =表示,,A B C 同时攻克，X m =表示C 未攻克，,A B 中至少1个机构攻克这个技术难题，由此可计算出概率，得分布列，从而可计算出期望．【详解】（1）记这一技术难题被攻克的事件为A ； ()111123114322424P A =-⨯⨯=-=.（2）X 的可能取值为：0，2m，23m ，m 2321134324m P X ⎛⎫==⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭；3111215243243224m P X ⎛⎫==⨯⨯+⨯⨯=⎪⎝⎭； ()3111213211143243243224P X m ==⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=；()1111111043243212P X ==⨯⨯+⨯⨯= X 的分布列： X2m 23mmP112 524 141124()15211135012224342448m m E X m m =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=. 【点睛】本题考查相互独立事件同时发生的概率公式和对立事件的概率公式，考查随机变量的概率分布列和数学期望，解题关键是确定变量X 的可能取值．20．在三棱柱111ABC A B C 中，底面是边长为3的等边三角形ABC ，12AA =，点1A 在底面上的射影是△ABC 的中心O ．(1)求证：平面1A AO ⊥平面11BCC B ；(2)求二面角1C AB C --的余弦值． 【答案】(1)证明见解析【分析】（1）证明出1A O ⊥BC ，AO ⊥BC ，从而证明出线面垂直，进而得到面面垂直； （2）建立空间直角坐标系，利用空间向量求解二面角的余弦值. 【详解】（1）因为点1A 在底面上的射影是△ABC 的中心O ， 所以1A O ⊥平面ABC ， 因为BC ⊂平面ABC ， 所以1A O ⊥BC ，因为ABC 所以AO ⊥BC ，因为1AO AO O ⋂=，1,AO AO ⊂平面1A AO ， 所以BC ⊥平面1A AO ， 因为BC ⊂平面11BCC B ， 所以平面1A AO ⊥平面11BCC B ； （2）在AB 上取点E ，使得AE =2EB ，设BC 的中点为F ，因为点O 为等边△ABC 的中心，所以23AO AF =， 则OE //BC ，所以OE ⊥AF ，故以点O 为坐标原点，OE 所在直线为x 轴，AO 所在直线为y 轴，1OA 所在直线为z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系，则(()1133313,3,0,1,0,,022A C A B ⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎝⎭， 故()133350,1,03,322C A ⎛=--=-- ⎝⎝，()3133,00,1,0,0222AB ⎛⎫⎫=--= ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭， 设平面1C AB 的法向量为(),,m x y z =，则()()13535,,,330223333,,,0022m C A x y z x y z m AB x y z y ⎧⋅=⋅--=-=⎪⎪⎝⎨⎫⎪⋅=⋅=+=⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩，令2y =得：23x =-83z =8323,2,m ⎛=- ⎝⎭，平面ABC 的法向量为()0,0,1n =，则()8323,2,0,0,127cos ,641243m n m n m n⎛-⋅ ⋅⎝⎭===⋅++由图可知：二面角1C AB C --为锐角，所以二面角1C AB C --27. 21．已知函数()()4log 41xf x mx =+-是偶函数，函数()42x xng x +=是奇函数． （1）求m n +的值； （2）设()()12h x f x x =+，若()()4log 21g h x h a >+⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦对任意4log 3x ≥恒成立，求实数a 的取值范围．【答案】（1）12m n +=-；（2）1,32⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.【解析】（1）根据偶函数的定义，求m 的值，根据奇函数若在原点有意义，则必满足()00g =，求n的值，从而求得m n +；（2）求参数的恒成立问题转化为求最值问题，本题形如()f x a >恒成立，转化为()min f x a >恒成立，即转化为求()min f x ，从而求得a 的取值范围. 【详解】（1）由()f x 是偶函数，得()()f x f x -=即()()()()()444log 41log 411log 41x x xf x mx m x mx --=++=++-=+-化简得：()1mx m x -=-，故12m =由()g x 为奇函数，且定义域为R ，所以()00g =， 即004012nn +=⇒=-，经检验，1n =-符合题意；综上，可得12m n +=-（2）∵()()()41log 412xh x f x x =+=+，∴()()44log 21log 22h a a +=+⎡⎤⎣⎦ 又()()4log 21g h x h a >+⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦对4log 3x ∀≥恒成立，即()()4min log 22g h x a >+⎡⎤⎣⎦对4log 3x ∀≥恒成立，下面求()min g h x ⎡⎤⎣⎦，又()()4log 41xh x =+，在区间[)4log 3,+∞上是增函数()()4log 31h x h ∴≥=又()41222x x x x g x --==-在区间[)1,+∞上是增函数，()()()4min 3g log 312g h x h g ∴===⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦ 由题意，得32224122032210a a a a ⎧+<⎪⎪⎪+>⇒-<<⎨⎪+>⎪⎪⎩所以实数a 的取值范围是：1,32⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭．【点睛】本题考查利用函数奇偶性求参数，及函数恒成立求参数问题，在解函数恒成立问题时，往往转化为最值问题求解，考查学生的转化与化归思想与计算能力，属于中档题. 22．已知函数1()f x x x=-，()ln g x x λ=(R λ∈)， (1)当2λ≥-时，令函数()()()h x g x f x =+，求()h x 的单调区间；(2)在（1）的条件下，设函数()h x 有两个极值点为1x ，2x ，其中1x ＜2x ，试比较1()h x 与2()h x 的大小．【答案】(1)答案见解析 (2)12()()h x h x <.【分析】(1)对函数()h x 求导，若22λ-≤≤时，()0h x '≤，若2λ>时，求导函数的零点，利用导数的正负得到原函数的单调性即可；(2)由（1）知，当2λ>由于()h x 的两个极值点12,x x 满足方程210x x λ-+=，利用韦达定理得到211x x =， 1201x x <<<，求12()()h x h x -，令11()()ln ,(01)m x x x x x x x=++-<<，求导分析()m x 的单调性，求出最值，即可得出结论.【详解】（1）由题意可得：1()ln ,(0)h x x x x x λ=+->，所以22221(1)()x x x x h x x x λλ-+---+'==，若22λ-≤≤时，()0h x '≤，此时()h x 在(0,)+∞内单调递减； 若2λ>时，令()0h x '=，得x =或x =，当x ∈或)x ∈+∞，()0h x '<；当x ∈时，()0h x '>.所以当2λ>时，()h x在和)+∞上单调递减；在上单调递增.（2）由（1）知，()h x 有两个极值点当且仅当2λ>， 由于()h x 的两个极值点12,x x 满足方程210x x λ-+=， 所以1212,1x x x x λ+==，所以211x x =，因为120x x <<，所以1201x x <<<. 1211221211()()ln (ln )h x h x x x x x x x λλ-=+--+- 11111111ln (ln )x x x x x x λλ=+---+- 11122ln 2x x x λ=+- 11111112[()ln ]x x x x x =++-，令11()()ln ,(01)m x x x x x x x =++-<<，则22(1)ln ()x xm x x -'=，因为01x <<时，210,ln 0x x -<<，则()0m x '>， 所以()m x 在(0,1)上单调递增，所以()(1)0m x m <=，即12()()0h x h x -<， 所以12()()h x h x <.【点睛】函数的单调性是函数的重要性质之一，它的应用贯穿于整个高中数学的教学之中.某些数学问题从表面上看似乎与函数的单调性无关，但如果我们能挖掘其内在联系，抓住其本质，那么运用函数的单调性解题，能起到化难为易、化繁为简的作用.因此对函数的单调性进行全面、准确的认识，并掌握好使用的技巧和方法，这是非常必要的.根据题目的特点，构造一个适当的函数，利用它的单调性进行解题，是一种常用技巧.许多问题，如果运用这种思想去解决，往往能获得简洁明快的思路，有着非凡的功效.。
2020-2021学年江苏省常州市华罗庚高级中学高三英语联考试卷含部分解析
2020-2021学年江苏省常州市华罗庚高级中学高三英语联考试卷含解析一、选择题1. If you put a stone in the way of an ant, it will go around, over, under or on top, without stopping, until it finds a way to get ______ it needs to be.A. whatB. howC. whichD. where参考答案：D【考查方向】考查宾语从句的用法。
句意：如果你将一块石头挡住一只蚂蚁的去路，它就会绕过去，越过，从下面或者从顶部过去，不会停下来，直到它发现一条能到达它需要的地方的路。
空后的宾语从句中缺少表语，根据前文是挡路蚂蚁的去路，应是“where”。
故选D。
2. The news former Apple executive chief Steve Jobs passed away came as shock to all of us．A．that,不填 B．which, a C．which, 不填 D．that, a参考答案：D略3. The food she has prepared for the party is not enough, for there are ______ people than she expected．A. so manyB. fewerC. many moreD. much more参考答案：C4. It was in that small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.A. that; whereB. which; thatC. which; whichD. that; which参考答案：B【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。
2021届江苏省常州市华罗庚中学高三(上)10月联考物理试题
2．以下说法正确的是（ ）
A．用绿光或紫光照射某金属发生光电效应时，逸出光电子的最大初动能可能相等
B．如果大量氢原子处在n=3的能级，会辐射两种频率的光子
C． 经过6次α衰变和4次β衰变后成为
D．结合能越大的原子核越稳定
3．一半圆形玻璃砖，C点为其球心，直线 与玻璃砖上表面垂直，C为垂足，如图所示。与直线 平行且到直线 距离相等的ab两条不同频率的细光束从空气射入玻璃砖，折射后相交于．C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
如图所示：
斧头的重力形成对木柴两端的挤压力，两力与斧头的AB、BC边相互垂直；则可知当BC边短一些，AB边长一些时两力之间的夹角更大，则两分力更大。
故选C。
2．C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
A．绿光和紫光的频率不相等，根据光电效应方程
可知，用绿光或紫光照射某金属发生光电效应时，逸出光电子的最大初动能不相等，故A错误；
BC．由题可知，玻璃对于b光的折射率大于对a光的折射率，b光的频率高，由 得知，在真空中，a光的波长大于b光的波长，故B正确，C错误；
D．由 分析可知,a光的折射率小，a光发生全反射的临界角大于b光发生全反射的临界角，故D错误。
故选B。
4．A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
A．由于彩虹圈重力的作用，刚释放瞬间彩虹圈上端会受到其下面向下的拉力，则其合力大于重力，所以刚释放瞬间彩虹圈上端的加速度大于当地的重力加速度，故A正确；
A． B． C． D．
四、解答题
15．如图所示是某排水管道的侧面剖视图。井盖上的泻水孔因故堵塞，井盖与管口间密封良好但不粘连。暴雨期间，水位迅速上涨，该井盖可能会不断跳跃。设井盖质量为m=20.0kg，圆柱形竖直井内水面面积为S=0.300m2，图示时刻水面与井盖之间的距离为h=2.00m，井内密封有压强刚好等于大气压强P0=1.01×105Pa、温度为T=300K的空气（可视为理想气体），重力加速度取g=10m/s2。密闭空气的温度始终不变。求：
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物期中考试试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物期中考试试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 如图表示细胞中各种化合物或基本元素占细胞鲜重的含量，以下按①①①①顺序排列正确的是（）A.蛋白质、水、脂质、糖类，C，O，H，NB.蛋白质、糖类、脂质、水，N，H，O，CC.水、蛋白质、脂质、糖类，H，O，N，CD.水、蛋白质、糖类、脂质，N，H，C，O2. 今年年初，一场冠状病毒(目前已知RNA病毒中基因组最大的病毒)引起的疫情在世界各地不断蔓延，使世界各地的人们陷入恐慌。
科学家研究证实，新型冠状病毒主要的传播途径是近距离传播，比如呼吸道飞沫传播和接触传播等。
对这种可怕病原体的描述，下列叙述正确的是（）A.该病原体为原核细胞，无细胞壁B.该病原体遗传物质中含有8种核苷酸C.新型冠状病毒不能独立存活，对高温耐受性差D.新型冠状病毒是生命系统最基本的结构层次3. 生物大分子是构成生命的基础物质，下列有关生命活动主要承担者——蛋白质的说法错误的是（）A.蛋白质的营养价值主要取决于其含有的非必需氨基酸的种类B.蛋白质与某种RNA结合，可成为“生产蛋白质的机器”C.蛋白质与糖类结合，可成为细胞间互相联络的“语言”D.某些蛋白质具有的螺旋结构，决定了其特定的功能4. 甲、乙两图都表示苹果组织细胞中CO2释放量和O2吸收量的变化（均以葡萄糖为呼吸底物）。
下列相关叙述不正确的是（）A.甲图中氧浓度为a时的情况对应的是乙图中的A点B.甲图中氧浓度为b时，若CO2释放量为8mol和O2吸收量为4mol，则此时有氧呼吸消耗有机物多C.甲图的a、b、c、d四个浓度中，c是适合储藏苹果的氧浓度D.甲图中氧浓度为d时没有酒精产生5. 鸡霍乱病原菌易致鸡死亡。
1880年，巴斯德用久置的鸡霍乱病原菌对鸡群进行注射，意外发现全部鸡存活。
再次培养新鲜病原菌，并扩大鸡的注射范围，结果仅有部分鸡存活。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOvernight French ToastWhat You’ll Need•16-ounce loaf of French bread•5 eggs•1 1 /2 cups milk•1/2 cup half-and-half•1/3 cup maple syrup（枫糖浆）•1/2 teaspoon salt•foil（锡箔纸）•2 tablespoons melted butter（for topping）•2 tablespoons maple syrup（for topping）What to Do•With an adult’s help, cut the bread into 1-inch slices.•Place the eggs, milk, half-and-half, maple syrup, and salt into a large bowl. Stir（揽拌）the mixture until blended（混合均匀）.•Place the sliced bread into a baking dish. Pour the mixtureover the bread and press the slices into it. Cover the dish with foil and refrigerate overnight.•Remove the dish from the refrigerator at least one hour before baking. Ask an adult for help to preheat the oven to 375°F. Bake the French toast for 35 minutes or until golden brown.•For the topping, combine the melted butter and 2 tablespoons of maple syrup. Pour it over the French toast before serving.1.How much salt will you need to make a French toast?A.1/3 cup.B.1/2 teaspoon.C.2 tablespoons.D.16 ounces.2.How will you use foil?A.Place the sliced breadB.Cover the dish.C.Remove the dish.D.Eat the French toast.3.Who is the passage written for?A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Cooks.D.Kids.BA new look for technology, Solestrom’s new high-tech swimsuits promise to stand out all summer long. First in their new products is Solestrom’s new SmartSwimCMUV Smart Bikini featuring a smart UV meter.The bikini collects UV information through a smart fabric belt and reports the UV index to the wearer with 0.01 exactness. The electronic parts are neatly built into the removable belt, and can be worn even underwater. Next in the list is a lower cost cousin, the SmartSwimCMUV Index Detector Bikini, which has UV sensitive beads that change color1 with the level of UV intensity. The reading gives more of a range rather than an exact number, but for those who simply need to know if the UV is low, moderate or high, this bikini fits the bill.It is now available in Banana Split, more color1 s may become available later in the season. And finally, what could be better than a beach tote with built in energy source? No need to suffer dead batteries in your MP3, just plug them into your Solar Powered Beach Tote for on-the-go mobile charging. This beach tote combines fashion and functionality all in one, lightweight and roomy beach accessory. A built in solar panel charges fully most small electronics in only 2-3 hours of sunlight. Pauline Butler, Media Relations Manger at Solestrom states “the concept of blending fashion and technology is growing at amazing rate, and we are right on the leading edge. Our products are new, creative and meet the need of the young and environmentally conscious crowd.’’Solestrom’s SmartSwinirCMproducts retail from $98. 99- $189. 99，and can be found in their online store, Solestrom. com.4. What is the passage mainly about?A. Famous Solestrom and its Products.B. Fashionable and Functional Beach Tote.C. Smart swimsuits and Solar Powered Beach Tote.D. Where and How to Buy SmartSwirn and the Beach Tote.5. Why are UV sensitive beads used in the SmartSwirnCMUV Index Detector Bikini?A. To give an exact number.B. To know if the UV is low, moderate or high.C. To change color1 with the level of UV intensity.D. To improve the equality of the UV Index Detector Bikini.6. What can we know about Solar Powered Beach Tote?A. Its parts are fixed in the belt.B. It combines lightweight and functionality.C. It can tell the weaver the level of UV intensity.D. It saves people from worrying about dead batteries in their MP3.7. Who will prefer the new products mentioned in the text?A. The young people and the environmentalists.B. People who like to travel all over the world.C. People who love to buy goods online.D. People interested in the latest bag.CThe world's largest iceberg is floating toward South Georgia in the southernAtlantic Ocean. Scientists fear the iceberg could crash into the island and block major feeding areas for a large population of penguins and seals. If the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies.The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away fromAntarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite images show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hitSouth Georgiain around 30 days.This is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. The distance that parents have to travel to find food is crucial. That means they have to go a lot further or go around the iceberg to find sources of food.Ecologists say an iceberg crash would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts, it would also release large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. This could affect krill（磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations of these species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically.Professor Geraint Tarling, an ecologist at the British Antarctic Survey, said, "The breaking off of icebergs fromAntarcticais a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future."8. Why are the scientists worried about the coming iceberg crash?A. It will bring extremely cold weather.B. It will destroy the feeding areas of the animals.C. It will put wildlife on the island at risk of starving.D. It will prevent animals from moving to other places.9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The characteristic of the iceberg.B. The importance of the iceberg.C. The traveling speed of the iceberg.D. The forming process of the iceberg.10. What damage can an iceberg crash bring according to paragraph 4?A. Using up much fresh water.B. Polluting the surrounding farms.C. Changing the world's ecosystem.D. Affecting the number of certain species.11. How does Tarling think of the breaking off of icebergs fromAntarctica?A. It may slow down in the near future.B. It may become common in the future.C. It has a great influence on the climate.D. It helps scientists conduct a sea study.DA world in which extinct creatures could be brought back to life came a step closer yesterday. Australian scientists have managed to extract a gene from a preserved sample of a Tasmanian tiger and make it active. Thebreakthroughhas left them dreaming that one day they will be able to recreate the animal, which died out more than 70 years ago. And if it can be done with the Tasmanian tiger, it may also be possible to resurrect (复活) creatures that have been extinct for far longer.“There used to be a time when extinction meant forever, but no more, ” said Professor Mike Archer. “We are now able to seriously challenge whether those animals that have gone for ever. What has been achieved is a very important step in bringing back those animals that are extinct. And while I think that technically it is still pretty difficult at the moment, we can now see the possibilities. I’m personally convinced that the Tasmanian tiger will be brought back to life in my lifetime.”The breakthrough came after nine years of experiments by scientists at the University of Melbourne, whoextracted a gene from one of several tigers preserved in alcohol in a Melbourne museum. They removed the equivalent gene from a mouse embryo implanted the tiger gene and then watched as the mouse continued to grow normally, suggesting the tiger gene had been activated.Team leader Dr. Andrew Pask said it was the first time DNA from an extinct species had been used to “induce (引起) a functional response in another living organism”.However, the animal’s entire gene structure would have to be revived in the same way to even begin the possibility of bringing the Tasmanian tiger back from the dead.Mick Mooney, a wildlife officer ofthe Tasmanian Government, was worried that such developments could encourage people’s indifference to the protection of endangered species.“If people think that we can bring animals back to life after they’ve gone, they will start saying that there is nothing to worry about because we can fix it up later.”12. What does the underlined word “breakthrough” in the l paragraph refer to?A. Scientists have recreated new animals.B. Scientists have resurrected endangered animal.C. It has turned out that some creatures would not go extinct.D. A tiger gene has been extracted successfully and activated.13. Scientists are carrying out the experiments in order to ________.A. bring extinct animals back to lifeB. transplant the genes of tigers into other animalsC. find out what factors lead to the animals’ extinctionD. find a new way to extract animals’ DNA14. Mike Archer thinks that ________.A. scientists now have no technological difficulty reconnecting extinct animalsB. it’ll be a century or so before a Tasmanian tiger walks on the earth againC. humans have come closer in reconnecting extinct animalsD. reconnecting extinct animals is impossible15. We can learn from Mick Mooncy’s words that_________.A. he thought it unnecessary to worry about endangered animalsB. his opinion is in contrast with that of the Tasmanian GovernmentC. he thought people should be encouraged to protect endangered animalsD. he is concerned that bringing extinct animals back to life may have a negative effect第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物期中试卷及答案
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物期中试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.达尔文在克格伦岛上考察时发现，岛上的某种昆虫呈现两种类型：多数个体不能飞，而少数能飞的个体翅膀异常发达。
下列叙述正确的是A. 岛上环境对昆虫进行了长期、定向的自然选择B. 能飞的昆虫比不能飞的昆虫更能适应岛上环境C. 不能飞和能飞的昆虫间产生了生殖隔离D. 岛上的强风环境引起昆虫的多方向变异2.现提供可配制斐林试剂的溶液：甲液（0.1g/mL的NaOH溶液）．乙液（0.05g/mL的CuSO4溶液）以及蒸馏水，如果充分利用上述试剂及必需的实验用具，可灵活地鉴别出下列哪些物质？（）①葡萄糖②蔗糖③胃蛋白酶（化学本质是蛋白质）④RNAA. ①③B. ①②C. 只有①D. ①②③④3.孟德尔在探索遗传定律时运用了假说-演绎法。
下列有关叙述正确的是（）A.豌豆在自然状态下一般是纯种不属于孟德尔假说的内容B.假说的核心内容是子代配子生活力相同及个体存活率相同C.在一对相对性状的遗传实验中提出了等位基因的说法D.根据假说，F2中三种基因型个体比接近1:2:1属于演绎过程4.下列三种生物学现象产生的机理依次属于（）①给小白鼠注射一定量的胰岛素后，小白鼠休克②当细菌进入人体后，机体产生特异性的抗体与之结合，从而抑制细菌繁殖③小猪听到主人“噜噜”叫声就奔向主人A.体液调节、免疫调节、反射B.反射、细胞免疫、激素调节C.体液调节、过敏反应、反射D.反射、自身免疫、体液调节5.白蛋白是健康人血浆中含量最多的蛋白质，白蛋白在肝细胞内合成后，分泌进入血液循环从而分布到全身各处。
下列有关白蛋白的叙述中，正确的是A.白蛋白越多，血浆渗透压越低B.白蛋白增多，会引起组织水肿C.白蛋白的含量会影响血浆的稳态D.白蛋白减少，会使尿液减少6.下列关于ATP的叙述，正确的是（）A.全称三磷酸腺嘌呤B.含有两个高能磷酸键C.供能机制是动物和植物特有的D.水解时靠近A的高能磷酸键优先断裂7.新冠病毒（SARS-COV-2）引发新冠肺炎（COVID-19）正在全球肆虐，大众媒体对此作了大量报道。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物上学期期中考试试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物上学期期中考试试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.关于正常人体生命活动调节的叙述，正确的是（）A 血糖低于正常值时，肝糖原、肌糖原可以分解成葡萄糖进入血液B. 当人体缺水时，血浆的渗透压会降低，从而产生渴觉C. 寒冷环境中，肾上腺素分泌量增多，将引起骨骼肌不自主战栗D. 体温调节和水平衡的调节，都与下丘脑有关2.如图表示土壤中甲、乙两种元素浓度变化与某植物生长速率关系，下列分析正确的是()A. 该植物生长对甲元素需求大于乙元素B. 当土壤中乙元素浓度为B时，施含乙元素的肥料最有利于该植物生长C. 当该植物生长速率最大时，对甲、乙元素的需求量相近D. 持续保持甲、乙元素供应量相等可能会导致该植物生长不正常3.2018年10月1日宣布，将2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国科学家詹姆斯·艾利森和日本科学家本庶佑，以表彰他们在癌症免疫治疗方面所作出的贡献。
他们的研究提供了一种治疗癌症的方法——通过刺激免疫系统原有的能力，来对抗肿瘤细胞，该项研究发现一种名为PD—1的细胞表面成分能帮助免疫系统识别癌症细胞，请问PD—1的化学成分是()A.磷脂B.胆固醇C.蛋白质D.脂肪4.用来鉴定生物组织中的蛋白质的试剂及其颜色反应是A. 苏丹Ⅳ、红色B. 斐林试剂、砖红色C. 双缩脲试剂、紫色D. 苏丹Ⅳ染液、橘黄色5.下列关于内环境和内环境稳态的叙述，正确的是（）A.神经递质要通过内环境才能与突触后膜上的受体相结合B.在正常情况下，内环境的各项理化性质是保持不变的C.内环境是机体进行正常生命活动和细胞代谢的场所D.渗透压的稳定与温度、酸碱度无关6.下列有关细胞中糖类和脂质的叙述，正确的是（）A. 核糖和脱氧核糖不能同时存在于原核细胞内B. 糖原是动物细胞的储能物质，其水解产物是二氧化碳和水C. 胆固醇在人体内可以参与血液中脂质的运输D. 在糖代谢发生障碍时，脂肪可以大量转化为糖类7.细胞有丝分裂过程中，染色体、染色单体、核DNA分子三者数量比为1Ⅳ2Ⅳ2时，细胞所处的分裂时期应是A. 前期和中期B. 中期和后期C. 后期和末期D. 前期和末期8.下列对生长素的合成、分布、运输及生理作用的叙述，正确的是（）A.生长素的主要合成部位是芽、叶和成熟的种子B.生长素对植物的根、芽、茎只有促进作用，没有抑制作用C.生长素在从形态学上端向形态学下端的极性运输过程中会消耗能量D.单侧光会刺激胚芽鞘尖端产生生长素，并引起生长素的分布不均匀9.下列物质进入细胞的过程中，既不需要载体也不消耗能量的是A.氨基酸B.O2C.Na+D.葡萄糖10.细胞核控制合成的RNA进入细胞质，细胞质中合成的蛋白质进入细胞核的通道是（）A. 核膜B. 核孔C. 胞间连丝D. 内质网11.为研究强光照对移栽幼苗光合色素的影响，某同学用乙醇提取叶绿体色素，用石油醚进行纸层析，如图为滤纸层析结果（Ⅳ～Ⅳ为色素条带）．下列叙述正确的是（）A.强光照导致了该植物叶绿素含量升高B.画滤液线时，滤液在点样线上只能画一次C.色素I、Ⅳ吸收光谱的吸收峰波长无差异D.与正常光源相比较，强光照下类胡萝卜素含量升高12.下列关于实验原理或实验材料的说法，错误的是（）A. 蛋白质变性后不能与双缩脲试剂发生颜色反应B. 绿叶中的色素在层析液中溶解度不同可被分离C. 观察黑藻细胞中的叶绿体和细胞质环流需保持细胞活性D. 用于侵染细菌的T2噬菌体只能用大肠杆菌培养13.下列关于生长素发现过程的叙述中正确的是（）A.詹森通过实验证明了胚芽鞘产生的物质可通过琼脂片传递给下部B.拜尔的实验证明了胚芽鞘弯曲生长是尖端产生的影响在下部分布不均导致C.温特证明了胚芽鞘尖端产生的生长素向下运输促进下部生长D.达尔文认为单侧光对胚芽鞘尖端产生某种影响，传递到下部导致向光侧生长比背光侧快14.如图所示，甲、乙分别用不透光的锡箔纸套在燕麦胚芽鞘的不同部位，丙、丁、戊则分别用不透水的云母片插入胚芽鞘的不同部位，从不同方向照光，培养一段时间后，胚芽鞘的生长情况是（）A.甲不生长也不弯曲、乙直立生长、丙向左生长、丁直立生长、戊向右生长B.甲直立生长、乙向右生长、丙向左生长、丁不生长也不弯曲、戊向左生长C.甲向左生长、乙向右生长、丙直立生长、丁向右生长、戊向左生长D.甲直立生长、乙向右生长、丙直立生长、丁不生长也不弯曲、戊向右生长15.关于“绿叶中色素的提取和分离”实验，有关说法错误的是（）A.无水乙醇可用于绿叶中色素的分离B.研磨时加入少量二氧化硅是为了研磨充分C.在滤纸条最上端的色素带颜色是橙黄色D.分离各色素的原理是不同色素在层析液中溶解度不同二、选择题:本题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALook at Some Greatest BookstoresAnother CountryKreuzberg, Berlin, Germany. Another Country is an English Language second hand bookshop which is mostly used as a library. They have about 20, 000 books that you can buy or borrow. Some regular events are held at the shop, such as readings, cultural events, social evenings and film nights.Atlantis BooksOia, Santorini, Greece. Atlantis Books is an independent bookshop on the island of Santorini, Greece. It was founded in 2004 by a group of friends from Cyprus, England, and the United States. Throughout the year it has hosted literary festivals, film screenings, book readings, and good old fashioned dance parties.Bart’s BooksOjai, California. U. S. A. “The World’s Greatest Outdoor Bookstore”, a bookstore founded by Richard Bartinsdale in 1964. Shelves of books face the street, and regular customers are asked to drop coins into the door’s coin box to pay for any books they take whenever the store is closed.Adrian Harringtonsince 1971. Rare books: rare first editions; leather bound sets and general antiquarian(古玩).Address: 64a Kensington Church Street, Kensington, London, England, UK.Corso Como BookshopMilan, Italy. Extensive selection of publication on art architecture, design graphics and fashion, along with a strong emphasis on photography. It was founded in 1990 in Milan, Italy, by Carla Sozzamil.The BookwormChina. A bookshop, library, bar, restaurant and event space, now with four divisions in three cities — Beijing, Suzhou and Chengdu. The interconnecting rooms with floor-to-ceiling books on every wall are light and airy in summer, yet warm and comfortable in winter.1.What can you do in Atlantis Books?A.Enjoy rare books.B.Attend a festival.C.Learn photography.D.Buy books anytime.2.Which bookstore has the longest history?A.Adrian Harrington.B.Atlantis Books.C.Bart’s Books.D.Corso Como Bookshop.3.How is The Bookworm different from the others?A.It is used as a library.B.It focuses on photography.C.It hosts all sorts of activities.D.It has branches in different cities.BIn the world of Chinese archaeology(考古学), a sign of a dig's importance is the sight of Zhou Mingsheng at work. A field technician who has worked at archaeological sites all aroundChina. Master Zhou iscredited with the gentlest touch in his profession. Born into a farming family, he is a “national-level craftsman” with a talent for using simple tools to get relics(遗物) that wouldcrumblein other hands, says his current boss, Wang Xu, director of an archaeological site at Shuanghuaishu, a Neolithic(新石器时代的) settlement near the Yellow River in the central province of Henan.It is not beauty that attracts visitors to Shuanghuaishu. At 5,300 years old, the settlement is the work of a culture too simple to have left behind many buried treasures. The single most precious find, to date, is a finger-length sculpture of a silkworm. Nor is the setting lovely: an area surrounded by deafening insects, between a highway and two power stations. Rather, the site's importance is historical. For since the birth of Chinese archaeology in the 1920s, it has been inseparable from claims thatChinahas the oldest unbroken civilisation on Earth.Leading archaeologists say that the site has the right combination of location, age and distinctive cultural elements to be the capital of an early Chinese kingdom. That would make it a bridge betweenChina's written history and the era of the Yellow Emperor, who is said to rule over these central plains almost 5,000 years ago, though many foreign scholars doubt his existence. Chinese media call the site proof ofChina's 5,000 years of history.Foreigners complain about a lack of written records, Mr. Wang notes. Perhaps they are missing symbols that will one day be understood, for instance in patterned pottery. Outsiders “can't keep using Western standards to apply to Chinese ruins,” he argues.4. What does the underlined word “crumble” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Break.B. Start.C. Wait.D. Shine.5. Why does Shuanghuaishu attract visitors?A. It has appealing scenery.B. It has various precious treasures.C. It is of great historical significance.D. It is easily accessible.6. What is Mr. Wang's attitude towards foreigners’ view?A. Unconcern.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Not mentioned.7. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Chinese history amazes the world.B. Chinese archaeology catches on.C. China follows its tradition.D.Chinadigs its past.CThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the RepresentativeList of the Intangible（无形的）Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to19 inKingston, capital ofJamaica.“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents. Instead, many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga（瑜伽）to relieve stress, which was placed on the UNESCO's List in 2019.In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth OlympicGames.8. What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2?A. It originated from fast Kung Fu action.B. It was born around the 1750s in a village.C. It is related to other cultural fields ofChina.D. It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.9. Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi?A. They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.B. The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.C. They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.D. Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.10. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?A. To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.B. To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.C. To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.D. To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.11.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCO's List.B. Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.C. Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally.D. Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.DMany cars in advertisements and on exhibition in the United States are red, blue or green, but almost 75 percent of new cars sold in the United States are black, white, silver orgray.Les Jackson is a reporter who writes about cars. He says the color1 s of cars Americans choose do not show dirt. He says that means the owners wash their cars less in order to save money. And he notes some areas that are suffering from water shortages do not permit people to wash their cars often.Dan Benton works for a company called Axalta, which makes supplies for international car makers. He says white cars are often sold more expensive than cars of other color1 s. And he notes that white cars “absorb(吸收)less energy” than cars of other color1 s. This means temperatures inside them are lower in warmer areas.Benton also says research at Monash University in Australia suggests that there is a lower risk of crashes during the day for white cars compared with darker ones.Car buyers in other countries also like white. Jane Harrington works for PPG Industries, a company that makes paint for cars. She said in China, buyers say white makes a small car look bigger.About 11 percent of cars sold in North America are red and 8 percent are blue. Green has become less popular. Benton notes that in the mid-1990s green was the most popular color1 in North America. Today, green is hard to find.Sometime in the future, people may not have to choose the color1 of their cars —— technology may let owners change their cars’ paint color1 anytime.12. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Most Americans don’t like red cars.B. People in America are not allowed to wash their cars.C. Many people prefer to choose white cars in America.D. Americans may consider the cost of cleaning when choosing cars.13. Why do many people choose white cars?A. They are much cheaper than cars of other color1 s..B. They are much safer while crashing.C. They are bigger than cars of other color1 s.D. They are more comfortable inside in warmer areas.14. What do we know from the text?A. Les Jackson is a member of Axalta.B. Most Americans rarely wash their cars.C. PPG Industries mainly produces cars in China.D. Green cars were once popular in North America.15. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Choices of car color1 sB. How to buy a good car.C. Differences of car color1 s.D. Popular car color1 s in history.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物上学期期中试题及答案
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三生物上学期期中试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 生物体内含Zn2+的酶最多，有七十多种酶的活性与Zn2+有关，缺乏Zn2+的生物就无法正常生活，这说明无机盐( )A. 对维持生物体的生命活动有重要作用B. 对维持细胞形态有重要作用C. 对维持酸碱平衡有重要作用D. 对调节细胞内的溶液浓度有重要作用2. 假性过敏是机体内稳态部分失调的结果，在临床上的症状类似过敏反应，如皮肤出现红肿、刺痛等症状，但缺乏特异性免疫的过程。
下列关于假性过敏的描述，正确的是（）A.假性过敏也是接触过敏原后导致的B.患者的血液中浆细胞数量显著增多C.患者皮肤毛细血管壁的通透性增大D.人体初次接受抗原就能诱发假性过敏3. 生态学家赫奇森曾说过：共同进化就是“生态的舞台，进化的表演”。
对此的理解正确的是（）A.生态指无机环境，进化的主体是生物界B.生态环境变化引起变异，为进化提供原材料C.舞台为表演者提供了相互影响的机会D.生态仅仅提供表演的舞台，与进化的方向无关4. 现有100个氨基酸，共含有116个羧基和106个氨基，这些氨基酸缩合成6条多肽链时共含有氨基的个数是A.6B.12C.22D.1005. 如图①﹣①为人体内的体液组成，下列叙述正确的是（）A. ①直接和①进行物质交换B. ①中含有血浆蛋白、乳酸、糖元等物质C. ①中的某些白细胞会进入受损伤部位①处D.若①为脑细胞，则①处氧气浓度高于①处6. 细胞中糖类可分为单糖、二糖和多糖，下列关于细胞中糖类的描述，错误的是（）A.单糖不能被水解B.蔗糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖都属于二糖C.生物体内的糖类绝大多数以多糖的形式存在D.构成糖原、纤维素的基本单位都是葡萄糖7. 生物大分子通常都有一定的分子结构规律，即是由一定的基本结构单位，按一定的排列顺序和连接方式形成的多聚体，下列表述正确的是（）A.若该图为一段肽链的结构模式图，则1表示肽键，2表示中心碳原子，3的种类有20种B.若该图为一段RNA的结构模式图，则1表示核糖，2表示磷酸基团，3的种类有4种C.若该图为一段单链DNA的结构模式图，则1表示磷酸基团，2表示脱氧核糖，3的种类有4种D.若该图表示多糖的结构模式图，淀粉、纤维素和糖原是相同的8. 普通小麦的六个染色体组来自三种二倍体植物，可表示为AABBDD共42条染色体，二倍体黑麦染色体组的组成为RR共14条染色体。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's time to put your two-wheeler to good use on these fun bike paths — each varying in distance and difficulty. Just choose one fit for you.• Paulinskill Valley TrailCheck out Paulinskill Valley Trail, filled with forests, wetlands, and small townsalong this 25- mile route. While the trail is mostly flat, you can do a quick ride. You're likely to catch sight of beautiful birds, considering more than 100 species find a home in the land near the path. Check out the trail in the fall - prime time for pretty sights.•AlaHele MakalaeOn theislandofKaui, you'll find a bike path with lots of beachy views that'll leave you feeling accomplished yet calm. The name translates to “The Path that Goes By Coast,” and, as you might guess, the seven-mile path hugs the shoreline. Start early enough and you'll witness an incredible sunrise to make it even more amazing,• TheCheaha RouteThis ride covers up to 126 miles, with steep climbs and extreme downhills along the way. So prepare for a thrilling ride - one that’s not necessarily for the inexperienced or those looking for an easy, casual ride. Along the route, you'll pedal through five towns. The journey is worth it, though, because you get some of the most scenic views in the state.• The Whitefish TrailFamous for its countless route options, whether you’re a new biker looking for smooth tracks or you have more experience and want to play around on rocky, more technical land, this bike path brings in lots of visitors. The 43-mile route offers beautiful green scenery. Around every comer, you’ll see a new jaw-dropping landscape, from glassy lakes to green mountains.1. When is the best time to visit Paulinskill Valley Trail?A. In Autumn.B. All year round.C. On early mornings.D. On sunny days.2. Which route is not fit for someone new to cycling?A. The Whitefish Trail.B. Ala Hele Makalae.C. Paulinskill Valley Trail.D. TheCheaha Route.3. What's the common feature of the four routes?A. They are full of challenges.B. Various route options are offered.C. They have beautiful scenery.D. Different species can be found there.BThereare two days that set you on your path in life: the day you’re born, and the day you realize why you were born.Growing up south of Chicago in Harvey, Illinois, most people just had their heads down trying to make it from point A to point B. I was the same way, just going with the flow. I played basketball in high school because I was good at it and because other people thought I should until I discovered my talent.I give up basketball and started doing speeches. It wasn’t a popular decision but my grandfather told me to do what made me happy. I fell in love with comedy and performing. And when I discovered the passion, I realized why I was born.I knew I had something to offer —I knew that not only am I powerful, but I can make a difference.I realized a long time ago that my dream is not to be famous or rich. My talent is to entertain. But it’s more than that. I have the chance to reach people, to brighten days, to bring laughter and positive energy into lives and inspire. And I am grateful forit.Acting putting myself out there and having doors closed on me time and time again has taught me a lot about myself. I have learned to trust what I have to offer the world over momentary doubt. I’ve learned to put my faith over my feelings. And I've grown a tough skin. More importantly, I have learned there is a long way towards our goals and that when we put our talents and passion to work, we determine our value.Like a lot of places across the country, there’s poverty, crime, violence and unemployment in Harvey. And growing up there, a lot of people have tragically low expectations for life. But I know that with the right opportunity and with help along the way, everyone can find their passion and go after it. My life is proof.4. What was the author born to do according to the text?A. Be a basketball player.B. Act and perform.C. Make speeches.D. Teach people.5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. Chance.B. Energy.C. Days.D. Laughter.6. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?A. To help others find their talents.B. To prove his decision was right.C. To inspire people to follow their dreams.D. To encourage people to set a goal.7. What can be the best tile for the text?A. Success Lies in Hard Work.B. How to Achieve the Dream Is Important.C. The Two Important Days in Life.D. The Day I Realized What I Was Born to Do.CA company called Neuralink has shared a video which appears to show a monkey playing a video game, but what makes the video even stranger is that themonkey is playing the video game with just its mind.Neuralink is a company owned by Elon Musk, which is working to develop devices that could allow people to control things using just their brains. The monkey in the video is called Pager, having special "Link" devices inside his brain. These devices are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game using a banana juice as a reward when he playedthe game correctly. Soon Pager was eager to play well in order to get more smoothie. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick (操纵杆). But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match up the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was challenging work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence (AI) to help them decode (解码) Pager's brain signals.The next step was to have a computer make moves in the video game as if Pager had actually moved the joystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an "up"signal to the video game. Thus Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.When people are paralyzed (瘫痪的), it's often because the brain has lost the ability to send signals to nerves and muscles in certain parts of the body. Neuralink hopes that one day, its system will be ableto send this information in a different way, allowing paralyzed people to use their arms or legs again.8. What does Neuralink aim to do?A. To make monkeys much smarter.B. To solve complex problems with monkeys.C. To create a device linking monkeys and people.D. To make people control things with their brains.9. How does the author introduce the process of the research?A. In order of time.B. By making a comparison.C. By giving examples.D. In order of space.10. What played an important role in the success of the research?A. The joystick.B. Artificial intelligence.C. The video game.D. The banana smoothie.11. Which is the most suitable title of the test?A. Neuralink Posts an Unusual VideoB. Disabled People Have a Bright FutureC. Monkey Plays Video Games with His MindD. Neuralink, a Creative and Competitive CompanyDHenry Cavill: Bring Superman to LifeHenry Cavill knew that he wanted to be a star at 16 years of age, after a chance meeting with movie star Russell Crowe who inspired hispassion for acting. But for the British-born actor, the bright lights and attraction ofHollywoodwere a long way away. Supported by his secretary mother and stockbroker father, he decided to study drama during high school. His journey to super star began.Before gaining the international recognition he has now, Cavill tried out for roles in the Harry Potter and Twilight series but failed to get either. He would have to keep waiting for his big chance.Determined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs he could get his hands on and appeared in several low-budget horror movies and TV shows in hopes of getting noticed. It almost worked. In the early 2000s, at just 22 years old, he narrowly missed out on becoming the new James Bond. Finally, in 2007, his hard work paid off. He won a leading role as the first Duke of Suffolk in the period showThe Tudors. The TV show was very popular and helped to raise Cavill's popularity inAmerica.In 2011, Cavil landed his breakout role, playing Superman in the DC Extended Universe. He hasn't looked back and has since starred in many hit films, such asMission: Impossible- Fallout.More recently, he stepped back on to the small screen. Since 2019, he has starred in the popular seriesThe Witcher, adapted from the book series and video games of the same name. In the TV show, Cavill played a brave monster hunter named Geralt of Rivia, which was the perfect role for Cavill because he was a fan of the videogames. Cavill also got a chance to play a classic English character — master detective Sherlock Holmes — in 2020'sEnola Holmes.However, Cavill isn't just a good guy on screen. His charity work also makes him a real-life hero. In 2014, he took part in the Ice Bucket Challenge while wearing his full Superman suit to support the ALS Association. Currently, he is an ambassador for the UK's Royal Marines Charity, which supports war veterans (退伍军人). Why does he do it? He love to make people feel good and bring smiles to people' faces. Indeed, Henry Cavill in living proof that you don't always need to wear a cape (斗篷) to act like a hero.12. Why did Cavil act in low-budget film and TV works early in his career?A. He was too polite to refuse.B. He was hoping to get noticed.C. He was encouraged to do so by his parents.D. He was friends with the directors of the projects.13. The role of the monster hunter was the perfect for Cavill because ________ .A. he had experienced hunting monstersB. he had played the same role in a movieC. he knew the writer of the books personallyD. he enjoyed the video games that the show was rooted in14. Which of the following words can best describe Cavill?A. Modest and friendly.B. Determined and kind.C. Talented and faithful.D. Honest and considerate.15. What made Cavill a real-life hero?A. Being a successful actor.B. Playing Superman on screen.C. Devoting to charities.D. Wearing a cape to take part in activities.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年常州市华罗庚中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BFairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem—solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote” (堂吉诃德). It collects story plotsfrom the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the store keeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robotwill learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.4. What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?A. They entertain robots.B. They highlight dangers.C. They make robots more intelligent.D. They enable robots to behave morally.5. What is “Quixote” in the text?A. A punishment systemB. A character in literatureC. A big name in technologyD. A software educating robots.6. What does the designer expect robot to do in the experiment?A. To take advantage of its privilege.B. To finish the task most efficiently.C. To perform in a good mannered way.D. To be rewarded by the storekeeper17. Which of the follow can bestexpress the author’s opinion?A. Robots will definitely have more functions.B. Robots with human’s emotions are perfect.C. Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.D. The development of robots is still in a baby step.CWe touch our faces all the time, and it had never seemed to be a big problem—until COVID-19 arrived. Touching our faces—the "T-zone" of our eyes, nose and mouth in particular—can mean giving ourselves the deadly virus.This is why organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have suggested that we avoid touching our faces. "Just stop this simple behavior," William Sawyer, founder of Henry the Hand, a nonprofit organization that promotes hand hygiene (卫生), told The Washington Post. "It's the one behavior that would be better than any vaccine (疫苗) ever created."Yet, stopping this "simple" behavior might be harder than you think because it's already hardwired (固定存在于) into our system.Some face touchingis an automatic reflex (反射) —like when there is an itch (痒) on your nose, you'll scratch (挠) it without thinking. According to CNBC, a 2014 study found that touching your face also helps to reduce stressand regulate emotions. For example, you're more likely to do it when you feel awkward or embarrassed. According to Dacher Keltner, a psychologist at the University of California Berkeley, US, this action may also come with a social function: When you are talking to someone and want to change the subject, for example, touching your face is like "the curtains on a stage, closing up one act of the social drama, ushering (引导) in the next," Keltner told the BBC.Moreover, face-touching in almost all of these occasions is subconscious, which means it's very hard to change "because you don't even know you're doing it", said Sawyer. But you're not alone. In a 2015 study, wherea group of medical students were filmed in class, it was found that they touched their faces an average of 23 times an hour—with 44 percent of the touches being in the "T-zones". That was particularly surprising since medical students were supposed to know better.Since it's so hard to shake the habit, maybe the easiest way is to wash our hands more often. This way, we can be sure that our hands are free from the novel coronavirus.8. What do the first two paragraphs talk about?A. The best way to fight COVID-19B. How organizations are fighting COVID-19.C. Typical hand hygiene problems in the fight against COVID-19.D. The necessity to avoid touching our faces to fight COVID-19.9. Why is it hard for people to stop touching their faces?A. It makes people feel more confident.B. Many are unaware of this behavior's risks.C. They usually do it automatically and subconsciouslyD. Many think the action helps them express their emotions.10. Which of the following is a social function of touching faces, according to the text?A. Using it as a sign to change the topicB. Bringing a conversation to an end.C. Showing an interest in the ongoing subject.D. Making others feel relaxed while talking.11. What is the author's purpose in mentioning a 2015 study on a group of medical students?A. To give tips on how to stop touching faces.B. To prove that it is common for people to touch their faces.C. To show it is impossible to shake the habit of touching your face.D. To show how hygiene awareness helps people avoid touching their faces.DThe Native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, graeses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo-a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and othersno bigger than a thimble (顶针). The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants；others with feathers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made al their basketwork by twining--the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling-a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color1 , the Pomo people used the bark of red-bud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different.12. The word “fashion” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. maintainB. organizeC. tradeD. create13. What is the author's main point in paragraph 2?A. The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.B. The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.C. The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.D. The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.14. According to the passage, the relationship between red-bud and twining is most similar to the relationship between ______.A. bullrush and coilingB. weft and warpC. willow and feathersD. sedge and weaving15. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage?A. Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo.B. Baskets produced by Pomo weaves were primarily for ceremonial and religious purposes.C. There were a very limited number of basket-making materials available to the Pomo people.D. The basket-making production of the Pomo people has been increasing over the years.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___单选题
1．设全集 ，集合 ， ，则 （）
A． B． C． D．
2．给出下列四个命题：
①若 是 的充分不必要条件，则 是 的必要不充分条件；
14．“一湾如月弦初上，半壁澄波镜比明”描述的是敦煌八景之一的月牙泉.某中学开展暑期社会实践活动，学生通过测量绘制出月牙泉的平面图，如图所示.图中，圆弧 是一个以 点为圆心､ 为直径的半圆， 米.圆弧 的圆心为 点， 米，圆弧 与圆弧 所围成的阴影部分为月牙泉的形状，则该月牙泉的面积为___________平方米.
（2）当复工率 时，政府补贴多少万元才能使公司的防护服利润达到最大？
（3）对任意的 (万元)，当复工率 达到多少时，公司才能不亏损？(精确到0.01).
22．已知 ， .
（1）求函数 的最大值；
（2） ，是否存在实数 使得 恒成立？若存在，求出实数 的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由；
（3）已知函数 有两个不同的极值点 ， ，若不等式 恒成立，则求实数 的取值范围.
18．求解下列两问题.
（1）设 函数 ， 的值域， 函数 (其中 )的定义域，若 是 的必要不充分条件，则求实数 的取值范围；
（2）若命题“ ， ”的否定是真命题，则求整数 的值.
19．素有“天府之国”美称的四川省成都市，属于亚热带季风性湿润气候.据成都市气象局多年的统计资料显示，成都市从1月份到12月份的平均温 (℃)与月份数 (月)近似满足函数 ，从1月份到7月份的月平均气温的散点图如下图所示，且1月份和7月份的平均气温分别为成都全年的最低和最高的月平均气温.
【详解】
由题意 ，解得 或 ．
故选：D．
4．C
【分析】
先对函数求导，根据题中条件，得到 ，再结合基本不等式，即可得出结果.
【详解】
因为 ，所以 ，
又函数 在 处有极值，
所以 ，即 ，
因为 ， ，
所以 ，当且仅当 时，等号成立.
故选：C.
5．D
【分析】
先判断函数的单调性，结合函数的特值可得结果.
【详解】
（1）求月平均气温 (℃)与月份数 (月)的函数解析式；
（2）推算出成都全年月平均气温低于 但又不低于 的是哪些月份.
20．已知函数 为奇函数，且在点 处的切线方程为 .
（1）求 的解析式；
（2）若方程 仅有1个实数根，求实数 的取值范围；
（3）当实数 取何值时？函数 仅有2个零点，并求出相应的零点.
A．函数 在区间 上是减函数
B．
C．若方程 恰有5个不相等的实根，则
D．若函数 在区间 上有8个零点 ，则
12．已知偶函数 满足 ，则下列说法正确的是（）．
A．函数 是以2为周期的周期函数B．函数 是以4为周期的周期函数
C．函数 为奇函数D．函数 为偶函数
三、填空题
13．已知函数 ，若正实数 满足 ，则 的最小值是__________．
C． D．
6．已知函数 ( 为自然对数的底数)，则以下结论正确的为（）
A．函数 仅有一个零点，且在区间 上单调递增；
B．函数 仅有一个零点，且在 上单调递减，在 递增；
C．函数 有二个零点，其中一个零点为0，另一个零点为负数；
D．函数 有二个零点，且当 时， 取得最小值为 .
7．若函数 是定义在 上的偶函数，在 上是减函数，且 ，则使得 的 的取值范围是（）
②“ ， ”的否定是“ ， ”；
③若 ， ，则 ；
④“ ”是“ ”的必要不充分条件；
其中正确命题的个数为（）
A．1B．2C．3D．4
3．函数 的定义域是（）
A． B． C． D．
4．若 ， ，且函数 在 处有极值，则 的最大值等于（）.
A．16B．25C．36D．49
5．函数 的部分图象大致为（）
A． B．
参考答案
1．B
【分析】
先求出 ，再利用交集的定义即可求出.
【详解】
， ，
，
.
故选：B.
2．C
【分析】
根据充分与必要条件的定义可判断①；根据全称命题的否定为特称命题可判断②；根据不等式的性质可判断③；由集合的包含关系可判断④.
【详解】
对于①，若 是 的充分不必要条件，则 是 的必要不充分条件，满足充分与必要条件的定义，故①正确；
由 ，则
当 时， ，则 ，
所以函数 在 上单调递增，排除选项A，C
又 ，排除除选项B
故选：
【点睛】
本题主要考查函数图象的识别和判断，结合函数单调性以及特值是解决本题的关键．比较基础．
6．D
【分析】
利用导数研究函数的单调性，然后可得最值及零点．
【详解】
是增函数，∴ 时， ， 递减， 时， ， 递增，
A． B．
C． D．
8．已知函数 ，若函数 恰有四个零点，则实数 的取值范围是（）
A． B．
C． D．
二、多选题
9．函数 的（）
A．图象对称中心为 B．图象对称轴方程为
C．增区间为 D．最大值是1，最小值是
10．若 ， ，则下列选项正确的是（）
A． B． C． D．
11．已知函数 ，以下结论正确的是（）
15．若函数 (其中 )的最小值为1，则 的值为________.
四、双空题
16．已知函数 ，函数 的图象在点 处的切线方程为________；若关于 的不等式 有正整数解，则实数 的取值范围是________.
五、解答题
17．已知全集 ， ， ，其中 .
（1）若 ，求实数 的取值范围；
（2）若集合 中仅有两个元素，求实数 的值和集合 .
21．新冠疫情造成医用防护服短缺，政府决定为生产防护服的公司提供 (万元)的专项补贴用于扩大生产，并以每套80元的价格收购其生产的全部防护服，公司在收到政府 (万元)补贴后，防护服产量将增加到 (万件)，其中 为工人的复工率.公司生产 万件防护服还需投入成本 (万元).
（1）将公司生产防护服的利润 (万元)表示为补贴 (万元)的函数(政府补贴 万元计入公司收入)；
对于②，根据全称命题的否定为特称命题可得“ ， ”的否定是“ ， ”，故②正确；
对于③，根据不等式的性质，若 ， ，则 ，故③正确；
对于④，由 解得 或 ，因为集合 或 与 没有包含关系，所以“ ”是“ ”的既不充分也不必要条件，故④错误.
故选：C.
3．D
【分析】
求出使函数式有意义的自变量的范围即可．