高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)

必修5 Unit1 Great scientists

Part 1. Warming up

1.explain

及物动词（vt.）

解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]

He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?

Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解

I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2.characteristic

n. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.

adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.

be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性

Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?

put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨

He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]

put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭

put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期

put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上

put away 收好

选词填空

（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）

①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.

②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.

③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.

④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.

⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research

how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。We haven’t decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。

The question is when to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。

2.draw a conclusion 得出结论

1）conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”

come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

in conclusion 最后

I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。

2）conclude作动词，“结束；断定；决定”。

to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up)

To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.

3）John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。

3.expert

①n. 专家，能手an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert

② adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的

an expert job需专门知识的工作

He is expert in / at cooking.

attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料

① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting

② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护

The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.

Dr Smith attended her in hospital.

Mother had to attend to her sick son.

③ attend to处理，注意倾听

Can you attend to the matter immediately?

I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.

4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。

(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：

The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。

The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。

(2) expose

①暴露expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。

②揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。

The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。

exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露

expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下

expose a fraud 揭穿骗局

练习：The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。

①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。

②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会

议。

③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.

＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。

cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法