考研语法讲义长难句(嵌套结构)
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文整套2023
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.词汇突破:intrinsic [ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk]adj. 本质的，固有的absence [ˈæbsəns]n. 没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意absent [ˈæbsənt]adj. 缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的v. 缺席，离开结构分析:本句的主干结构是we have at least drawn nearer the point。
介词短语of admitting that birds should... economic advantage to us是point 的后置定语，其中that 引导的是宾语从句，作admitting 的宾语。
regardless of... 是让步状语。
参考译文:但是，我们至少更接近于承认，不管鸟类对我们是否有经济优势，它们都应该作为一种固有的权利继续生存下去。
grocery [ˈɡrəʊsəri]n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货cater [ˈkeɪtə(r)]vt. 投合，迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务结构分析：本句的主干结构是Demand comes mainly from two sources。
which are two small to buy straight from producers 是限定性定语从句，修饰independent mom and pop grocery stores，其中unlike large retail chains 是插入语。
2019考研英语语法：长难句例句解析【七篇】
【导语】没有秋霜的锤打，没有秋风的锻铸，秋天的枫叶怎会周⾝红彻？愿你像这⽕红的枫叶，在⽣活的风霜中染成鲜红的颜⾊！以下是为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语语法：长难句例句解析【七篇】》供您查阅。
【篇⼀】 This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. 译⽂：他们为这种做法辩解，声称家⾥需要⼥性;于是，陪审团没有⼥性代表的状况持续了整个20世纪60年代。
分析：本句包含由and连接的两个并列句。
第⼀个分句中，主语为This practice，谓语为was justified，后接介宾结构by…解释justified的⽅式，其后接that引导的同位语从句，对claim的内容做进⼀步的说明。
第⼆个分句中，主语it指代前⼀个分句中的This practice，谓语为kept，宾语为juries，后接形容词短语unrepresentative…做宾语补⾜语，对juries的状态进⾏补充说明，最后的through…是时间状语，表⽰kept的时间背景。
【篇⼆】 Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia ,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. 译⽂：虽然美国法院早在1880年Strauder诉西弗吉尼亚州⼀案中就禁⽌了在陪审团遴选中出现蓄意的种族歧视，但挑选所谓的精英或⼀流陪审团的做法却为绕过这种规定及其他反歧视法律提供了便利。
考研长难句讲解
考研长难句讲解一、考研长难句是啥？宝子们，考研长难句啊，就像是考研英语路上的一个个小怪兽。
你想啊，那些句子老长了，单词又多，结构还复杂得很。
比如说那种从句套从句的，就像俄罗斯套娃一样，一个套一个。
有时候一个句子里能有好几个不同的从句，像定语从句、状语从句啥的混在一起，看一眼就感觉脑袋嗡嗡的。
二、为啥要搞懂长难句？这可太重要啦！考研英语里阅读占了很大的比重呢。
那些阅读文章里到处都是长难句。
要是搞不懂长难句，就好像在雾里看花，文章都理解不了，还咋做题呀？而且翻译题就更不用说了，要是长难句都弄不明白，翻译出来的东西肯定是乱七八糟的。
三、长难句的结构类型1. 从句类型定语从句是很常见的一种。
比如说“This is the book which I bought yesterday.”这里的“which I bought yesterday”就是定语从句，用来修饰“book”的。
状语从句呢，像“When I was young, I liked reading.”这里的“When I was young”就是时间状语从句，告诉我们动作发生的时间。
2. 并列结构有时候长难句里会有很多并列的成分。
比如“He likes reading, writing and singing.”这里的“reading, writing and singing”就是并列的宾语。
四、分析长难句的小技巧1. 找主干就像大树一样，先找到树干，再看树枝。
把那些修饰的成分先去掉，找到句子的主谓宾。
比如说在“The boy who is wearing a red hat is my brother.”这个句子里，先把“who is wearing a red hat”这个定语从句去掉，就剩下“The boy is my brother.”这样就很容易理解句子的主要意思了。
2. 分析从句看到从句的时候，要弄清楚它在句子里的作用。
是修饰名词的定语从句，还是表示时间、地点、原因等的状语从句呢？比如说在“Although it was raining heavily, he still went to school.”这个句子里，“Although it was raining heavily”是让步状语从句，表示一种让步的关系。
考研语法——语法讲义88句长难句
Unit 6长难句分析综合训练1.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s NorthernTerritory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.2.Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something thathappened in Australia. It’s world history.”3.In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing communityattitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.4.For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights ofTerminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.5.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearestcabin or settlement.6.The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances suchas alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.7.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance requiredto produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.8.Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of waysincluding producing hallucinations.9.It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedomand the corporate bottom line.10.“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how wellit can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.11.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin assertedthat “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.12.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle”between creative freedom and socialresponsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.13.“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are nottotally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”14.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a softlanding” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.15.Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackenedwindscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.16.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to itslowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.17.This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower thanexpected in Britain and America.18.America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its joblessrate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.19.Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea offorcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.20.The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt thatfloods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.21.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they arepresiding over is for real.22.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this pointin a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.23.New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that re-engineering and downsizing -- are only onecontribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.24.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in amechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.25.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Scienceand Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.26.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many othergroups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.27.But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth areanti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.28.The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmentalstudies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.29.They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselvesas more enlightened.30.Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regionalcompetition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.31.This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- hasenthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.32.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known togeologists as hot spots.33.The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean arereminders of where the two continents were once joined.34.As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may breakentirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.35.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipateevery possible accident.36.In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push”information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.37.It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend schoolinto their teens.38.We have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannotcompetently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.39.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developedskills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.40.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.41.Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earlieststage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.42.Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of theminds of the men who watch the experiments.43.The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question hehad been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.44.It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are goingand how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.45.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, ithad a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.46.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and whichsat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.47.The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring --means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.48.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savagelooks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”49.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocatesare aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.50.With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry maybe -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.51.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated jobmarket have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.st year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued thatliberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”53.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’sSurface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.54.With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens livein cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.55.If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one’sdestiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.56.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must behighly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.57.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as oncethey could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.58.We are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: thecritic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.59.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.60.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply anincreasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.61.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journalsin the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.62.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming togethernationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.63.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalizeaccess -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.64.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.65.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study thehistory of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.66.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explainwhy the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.67.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscaleneighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.68.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of nationalbusinessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.69.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie theglobalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands.70.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon myrelatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.71.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached byLinda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.72.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorshipof She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.73.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting inthe mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.74.Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of themor that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.75.If you are part of the group, which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know theexperiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.76.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are alreadyrobot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy --far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.77.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with lesshuman supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves -- goals that pose a real challenge.78.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits andmicroprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.79.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundredbillion nerve cells are much more talented -- and human perception far more complicated -- than previously imagined.80.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could pushthe price higher still in the short term.81.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a fullyear, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25-0.5% of GDP.82.On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies -- to which heavy industry has shifted -- havebecome more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.83.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effectsupported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen -- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.84.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to controlterminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.85.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as adoctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.86.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laidthe roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.87.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.88.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should activelyrecruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.。
2023考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文全
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content ore-commerce engines within that environment.词汇突破：e-commerce [i:kɒmərs]n. 电子商务commerce [ˈkɒmɜːs]n. 贸易，商业commercial [kəˈmɜːʃ(ə)l]adj. 商业的，商务的；商业化的，以获利为目的的n. 电视广告，电台广告commercialization [kəˌmɜːʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn]n. 商品化，商业化结构分析：句子的主干是We define such sold media as owned media。
whose traffic is so strong 是一个定语从句，修饰media，that 引导结果状语从句。
参考译文：我们将这种销售媒体定义为拥有媒体，其流量如此之大，以至于其他组织将其内容或电子商务引擎置于该环境中。
The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.词汇突破:stem [stem]n. 干；茎；船首；血统vt. 阻止；除去…的茎；给…装柄vi. 阻止；起源于某事物；逆行结构分析:句子的主干是The way means，consumers now approach the process 是一个同位语，解释说明way 的内容，同位语从句中of making purchase decisions 作process 的后置定语，that 引导一个宾语从句，作mean 的宾语。
田静考研英语语法课笔记之长难句
一、并列句的构成并列句=多个简单句+并列连词1.表示顺接的并列连词…and …both …and ………和……not only …but …as well not only …but also …not only …but …不但……而且……2.表示转折的并列连词…but ……yet ………但是……3.表示选择的并列连词…or …either …or ………或者……（二选一）neither …nor …既不……也不……（两个都不选）4.表示因果的并列连词…for ………因为………so ………所以/因此……并列句不一定非要连接句子，它也可以连接词或词组。
如果多件事并列，且中间的多个并列连词相同，通常保留最后一个并列连词，把前面相同的并列连词替换成逗号；如果中间的多个并列连词不同，则不能替换。
二、并列句的省略相同的部分可以省略，余下的成分保持不变。
1.主语相同（只有并列句中主语相同可以省略）I had no money and needed the job.2.谓语动词或谓语动词的一部分相同Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.Part2 长难句第一章并列句田静英语二语法课笔记之长难句第二章复合句第一节名词性从句名词性从句分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。
一、宾语从句1.宾语从句的含义（宾语从句=连接词+陈述句）Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective .2.宾语从句的写法①陈述句变宾语从句（前面加that ，that 不作成分，可以省略）Dr.Worm acknowledges (that)these figures are conservative.We believe (that)consumers should have more control.②特殊疑问句变宾语从句（疑问语序变回陈述语序）We suddenly can’t remember ____________Where did we put the keys just a moment ago?→We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.③一般疑问句变宾语从句（先调整语序，主语提前，再前加是否whether 或if ）I don’t know ________________Are other clients going to abandon me,too?→I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too…动宾考查最多，形容词+宾语从句简单了解即可。
考研英语长难句结构如何分析
考研英语长难句结构如何分析考研英语长难句结构如何分析长难句是英语复习的重难点，看到一个长难句，我们就应该着手去进行分析。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语长难句结构分析的技巧，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语长难句结构分析的方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能为并列、包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。
因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。
英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句，即定语从句;另外还有状语从句。
那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢?有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住：1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;2、找出句中所有从句的引导词及其所引导的谓语结构;3、找出句中所有的非谓语结构、介词短语;4、分析从句和短语的功能(例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等)以及词、短语和从句之间的关系;5、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
例：Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点，并列连词，从属连词Of course,// some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedlynecessary, //but a free and democratic society functions best //when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.图示：Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary,but a free and democratic societyfunctions bestwhen itleaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.参考译文：当然，某些规定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有当社会让民众通过自己的理智判断而非政府管制去解决道德难题时，一个自由民主的社会才能最大限地发挥其功能。
语法讲义--长难句分析完整版
I don’t think people are capable of that anymore. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
断开长难句 – 考场攻略 攻略 1：先找从句，但先看主句
攻略 2：不要纠结从句
… when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. (2015, Translation)
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
断开长难句： 标点/连接词 – 练习 Twenty‐seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty‐seven were told only that some were electrified. (2018, Use of English)
(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after பைடு நூலகம்e has turned it on. (英语一, 2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文整套
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter relaxed muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.词汇突破:indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r)]n. 笑；笑声结构分析:句子的主干是Studies indicate。
现在分词短语dating back to the 1930s 作后置定语修饰studies。
that laughter relaxed muscles 引导一个宾语从句，decreasing muscle tone 在宾语从句中作结果状语，介词短语for up to 45 minutes 作时间状语，after the laugh dies down 是一个时间状语从句。
参考译文:追溯到20世纪30年代的研究表明，笑可以放松肌肉，在笑声消失后，肌肉张力会降低长达45分钟。
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.词汇突破:eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt]v. 排除，消除element [ˈelɪmənt]n. 元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境结构分析:本句的主干结构是It tends to ignore and to eliminate many elements。
句中两个that 引导的并列的定语从句，修饰elements。
考研语法长难句复习指导第 6 讲-平行、嵌套结构
考研语法长难句复习指导第6讲长难句之平行结构类型一、名词、词组、介词短语的平行二、动词（谓语/非谓语）的平行三、句子的并列平行一、名词、词组、介词短语的平行例：I’d like to bu y an apple, two pears, three oranges and four watermelons.我想买一个苹果、两个梨、三个橘子和四个西瓜。
He is a student at college, an athlete in the national team and a journalist in the local television station.他既是一名在校大学生，也是一名国家队的运动员，还在当地电视台做记者。
The water flows into rivers, into lakes, into seas and into oceans.水流入小河、湖泊、大海和海洋。
（2017 年考研英语二阅读理解Part A Text 3）There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line”, whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.总有一种害怕落后于人的担忧萦绕在社会上一直存在的一种“冲向终点的比赛”之中，不管这比赛的终点是考取研究所，进入医学院还是有一份赚钱的职业。
（2017 年考研英语一阅读理解Part A Text 4）Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.政府官员不得因为个人或团体提供活动捐款或私人礼品，就在提供信息或安排会见上有所偏袒。
02语法讲义- 长难句【完整版】
考 研 语 法（英 语 一）第一部分：简单句第二部分：长难句第三部分：长难句分析n.+v. n.+v. n.+v. n.+v.conj. conj. conj.简单句→并列句复合句第一章：并列句一、并列句的构成多个简单句+并列连词表示顺接的并列连词 含义… and … both … and … “…… 和 ……” （两者都）not only … but … as well not only … but also … not only … but … “不但……而且……” （意思同“……和……”）（一）表示顺接的并列连词The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)表示转折的并列连词 含义… but …… yet …“……但是……”（二）表示转折的并列连词The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. (2002, Translation)表示选择的并列连词 含义… or … either … or … “……或者……” （二选一）neither … nor … “既不……也不……”（两个都不选） （三）表示选择的并列连词表示因果的并列连词 含义…for… “……因为……” …so… “……所以……”（四）表示因果的并列连词Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)二、并列句的省略The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.(2014, Use of English)… the peoples… died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part B)But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations… and feeling the strain.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)… the federal government must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low‐cost housing.(2006, Use of English)Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)并列句‐练习We neither understand nor respect each other...(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)They cross‐check sources and prefer news from different perspectives...(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)… the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Formerly it lasted three days, but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. (2016, Use of English)In Europe, taxes account for up to four‐fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.(2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)并列句 – 考场攻略攻略：找到并列句省略的部分You can become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)He visited the casino , lost the $20 and left.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)第二部分 长难句第二章：复合句＝主句＋从句第一节 名词性从句第二节 定语从句第三节 状语从句宾语从句（一） 宾语从句的含义（二）宾语从句的写法1. 陈述句变宾语从句These figures are conservative.↓Dr. Worm acknowledges (that) these figures are conservative.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)We believe consumers should have more control.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句Where did we put the keys just a moment ago?↓We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.(2014, Use of English)3. 一般疑问句变宾语从句Are other clients going to abandon me, too?↓I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too…(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（二）宾语从句的写法总结• Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.• We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, ...• I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too…（三）宾语从句的位置This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells...(2005, Use of English)… users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between the court and politics.(2012, Use of English)… he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part C)（三）宾语从句的位置：非谓语动词＋从句You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)宾语从句后置，it形式宾语That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments.(2012, Use of English)表语从句（一） 表语从句的含义（二）表语从句的写法Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin.”(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)主语从句（一）主语从句的含义（二）主语从句的写法That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)What motivated him… was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”…(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)（三）主语从句的位置It did not matter what was done in the experiment...(2010, Use of English)It is done + 主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: ...(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)It is + adj./n. + 主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become...(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)同位语从句（一） 同位语从句的含义（二）同位语从句的写法Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（三）同位语从句的位置抽象名词后：idea, opinion, fact, evidence, question, doubt, reason, theory, belief, possibility, chance, hope, contention, guarantee…Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part C)名词性从句 – 练习In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel... (2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it...(2005, Use of English)But what we forget… is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)名词性从句 – 考场攻略攻略1：找到从句But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.(2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text2)An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers’ behavior by itself.(2010, Use of English)攻略2：判断从句On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)… Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.(2004, Translation)第二部分 长难句第二章：复合句＝主句＋从句第一节 名词性从句第二节 定语从句第三节 状语从句定语从句一. 定语从句的概述先行词=关系词Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.↓ ↓Law is a discipline. A discipline encourages responsible judgment.二. 定语从句的写法先行词 关系词事/物 which/that人 who / whom / thatwhose人／物（表示人或物的所有关系，“某人的／某物的”）时间 when地点 where原因 why1.先行词是事／物，关系词选择which／thatTeachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.(2003, Use of English)Furthermore, the legal system and the events ___ ___ occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.(2007, Translation)2. 先行词是人，关系词选择who／whom／thatIn France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimesearn more voting rights in a company.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Retailers ___ ___ master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)3. 先行词是人／物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词选择whoseIt also pledged to not deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those ______ surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time ____ __ high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)4. 先行词是时间，关系词选择whenIt is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)5. 先行词是地点，关系词选择whereToday, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones.(2019, Use of English)6. 先行词是原因，关系词选择whyThe other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild‐like ownership structure of the business.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)关于定语从句关系词的注意事项：• 定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分，包括that。
考研语法讲义
考研英语基础讲义考研核心语法及长难句解析第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成第二节简单句的核心变化一、谓语动词的变化1. 谓语动词的时态以上两种时态在考研真题当中，几乎不出现，建议考研的同学们不用掌握。
“完成”时态2. 谓语动词的情态情态动词的用法变体：被动语态的构成：be + done被动语态与时态的结合被动语态与情态的结合4. 谓语动词的否定5. 补充：谓语动词的强调二、主语、宾语、表语的变化（一）名词、代词作主语、宾语、表语（二）非谓语动词 doing 作主语、宾语doing 作宾语（三）非谓语动词 to do 作主语、宾语、表语to do 做主语to do 作宾语to do 作表语（四）并列多个主语／宾语／表语第二章简单句的扩展第一节词性角度的扩展一、限定词修饰名词二、形容词 adj./副词 adv.（一）形容词、副词作修饰成分（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别一、限定词修饰名词二、形容词 adj./副词 adv.（一）形容词、副词作修饰成分（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别三、介词短语第二节成分角度的扩展一、非谓语动词作定语/状语二、同位语／插入语第二部分长难句第一章并列句（一）并列句的构成（二）并列句的省略第二章复合句第一节名词性从句一、宾语从句二、表语从句三、主语从句四、同位语从句第二节定语从句第三节状语从句一、全部倒装第三章特殊句式第一节倒装二、部分倒装第二节强调第三节虚拟第三部分长难句分析第一章基本结构的长难句第一节分析长难句步骤一：断开第二节分析长难句步骤二：简化第二章特殊结构的长难句第一节分裂结构第二节嵌套结构第三节平行结构第三章经典长难句汇总考研语法教材全真题演练第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成●Smaller species survived. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)●More apparent reasonableness followed. (2014,Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1)●Everybody loves a fat pay rise. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text1)●Many students experience both varieties. (2011, Reading Comprehension, PartB)●…very few women have 15 children. (2000, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 2)●Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. (2003,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)●They gave justices permanent positions...(2012, Use of English)●… railroadscharged all customers the same average rate... (2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)●You always keep your eyes open...(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text1)●The spooks call it "open source intelligence,"...(2003, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)●This is a dangerous game... (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)考研真题中常出现的系动词，总结如下：真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并判断谓语动词的种类及简单句的种类。
2023考研英语作文长难句万能套用模板
2023考研英语作文长难句万能套用模板2023考研英语作文长难句万能套用模板考研英语作文写作时常要用到一些句法复杂的句子，如何能把长难句写的出彩?本文为您提供2023考研英语作文写作技巧：长难句万能套用模板，希望可以帮助大家。
1.This is ，says Luban， a desk. (简单句中加上插入语)2. To a certain extent， you can be a good teacher. (简单句前面加上程度状语)3. Rather than decreasing， the population inChina is increasing. (简单句前面加上分词短语)4. With skilled workers， we could acplish thetask within the deadline; without proficient workers，we should have to give up half way. (排比句型增加句子可读性)5. A case in point is my neighbor， who lost both legs in a traffic accident. (举例子方法)6. According to a recent survey made by professor Wang， head of social department in PekingUniversity， 90% of the people across the country are suffering from the problem. (举例子方法)7. With the rapid advances in the standard ofliving of the Chinese people in recent years， air conditioners have joined other household electrical appliances as items. (举例子方法)8.___is usually the first to be considered， butit is not the most important. The most importantaspect of the phenomenon has much to do with___. It is in this area that ___find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings. (经典原因段)9. Basically， what we see in this picture/really matters is a bird lamenting the fact that its home has been destroyed. (主语从句描绘现象)10. There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization， progress and development; nevertheless， automobiles cause the serious problemof air pollution..(名词性从句引出观点)。
2023考研英语田静语法及长难句
2023考研英语田静语法及长难句全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi everyone! Today I want to tell you about something really cool - the 2023 graduate English exam by Tian Jing. It's all about grammar rules and super long sentences that tie your brain in knots! I know it sounds kind of boring, but trust me, it's actually pretty fun if you like cracking codes and solving puzzles.Let's start with the grammar part. The grammar rules are like the building blocks of the English language. Without them, sentences would just be a jumbled mess of words with no sense at all. It would be like trying to build a castle out of Lego bricks, but with no instructions to follow. Yikes!One of the most important grammar rules is about subject-verb agreement. That means the subject (the noun doing the action) and the verb (the action word) have to match up properly. For example, you can't say "He walk to school" because "he" is singular, but "walk" is plural. The right way is "He walks to school." Easy peasy, right?Next up, we have those crazy long sentences that make your head spin. I'm talking about sentences that go on and on, with clause after clause, until you've totally forgotten what the main idea was supposed to be! It's like being lost in a never-ending maze of words.But you know what? Tackling those long sentences is kind of like playing a game of mental gymnastics. You have to keep track of all the different parts, figure out how they relate to each other, and then put the whole thing together in your mind. It's a real brain workout!Now, I know what you're thinking: "Why do we have to learn all this complicated stuff?" Well, here's the thing: being able to understand and use proper grammar and sentence structure is super important for clear communication. It's like having a secret code that lets you express your thoughts and ideas in a way that everyone can understand.Imagine trying to give directions to your friend's house, but instead of saying "Turn left at the big oak tree, then go straight for two blocks," you just said a jumbled mess of words like "Tree big left straight blocks two." Your friend would be totally lost!So, while it might seem tedious at times, learning all those grammar rules and practicing with those long sentences isactually really useful. It's like leveling up your language skills to become a master communicator!And you know what else? Mastering grammar and sentence structure can even help you in other subjects, like math and science. After all, those subjects have their own sets of rules and formulas that you need to follow precisely. If you can nail the grammar stuff, tackling those other subjects will be a piece of cake!Alright, I think that's enough talking about grammar and sentences for now. Let's take a little break and play some word games or something. But remember, even though it might seem tough at times, learning all those rules and practicing with those crazy long sentences is totally worth it in the end. You'll be a language warrior, ready to take on the world with your mad communication skills!Who's with me? Let's go crush those Tian Jing grammar and sentence challenges!篇2The Big Tough English Exam for Grown-UpsHi there, kids! Today, we're going to talk about something called the "Graduate English Exam". It's a really important test that older students have to take if they want to go to an even bigger school after college. Sounds pretty scary, right?Well, one part of this exam is all about grammar. You know what grammar is, right? It's those rules we have to follow when putting words together to make sense. Things like where to put verbs, how to make plurals, and all that good stuff. The graduate exam has a whole section just on grammar rules!Now, there's this really smart lady named Tian Jing who is an expert on English grammar for these big tests. She wrote a special book all about the grammar rules that show up most often. Her book helps students learn the tricky grammar they need to know.One of the biggest challenges is something called "long difficult sentences". Yeah, you guessed it - those are sentences that just go on and on and on! They have so many clauses and phrases packed in that they can make your head spin. Like this one:"After having been told by their teacher that they would be going on a field trip to the museum the following week, providedthat the weather was sunny and warm, the excited students could hardly wait for their parents to sign the permission slips."Whew, that's a mouthful! See how it keeps adding more and more details in between all the parts? That's what makes it so difficult.Tian Jing's book teaches special tricks for understanding these crazy-long sentences. One trick is breaking them down piece by piece to identify the main subject, verb, and other important parts. Another is looking for clue words that separate the different clauses and phrases.Some of the other grammar topics covered are things like:Parallel structure (making sure similar parts of a sentence follow the same patterns)Modifiers (describing words that have to go in just the right place)Verb tenses (using the correct past, present, future verb forms)The book explains all the rules simply, with lots of examples. It's like having your own grammar tutor!Can you imagine having to take a test with all those big, grown-up grammar concepts? I'm getting tongue-tied just thinking about it! That's why I'm really glad experts like Tian Jing are out there, helping older students get prepared for these huge challenges.Well, that's all for my lesson on the "2023 Graduate English Exam: Grammar and Long Difficult Sentences by Tian Jing". Let me know if you have any other questions! Maybe we can get a few more grammar lessons in before naptime.篇3Grammar is So Hard for the Big Test!Hi friends! Tommy here. I'm in 5th grade and I really want to go to a great university when I'm older. But first, I have to take this huge test called the graduate entrance exam. Part of it is all about English grammar and understanding super long, crazy sentences. My teacher says it's going to be really hard, but I'm trying my best to get ready.The first thing I'm studying is parts of speech. Those are all the different types of words like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and more. Nouns are person, place, or thing words. Verbs are actionwords. Adjectives describe nouns. It's important to know what role each word plays in a sentence.Then there are all the different verb tenses. Simple present tense is like "I play soccer." Simple past is "I played soccer yesterday." There's also present progressive which is "I am playing soccer right now!" My head is spinning just thinking about all the tenses I need to learn - past perfect, future perfect, and more. Yikes!Next up is subject-verb agreement. This means making sure my verbs match up with the subjects properly. Like "He runs fast" instead of "He run fast." It seems easy but there are so many rules around singular and plural subjects. I always have to double check myself.But the hardest part might be the long, complicated sentences on the reading comprehension. The passages are filled with sentences that go on forever with multiple clauses, phrases, and all sorts of craziness. Like this one:"Having understood that successfully navigating the intricacies of the language section, replete with examinations on grammatical concepts ranging from noun clauses and conditionals to voice and mechanics, in addition to emphasizing proficient comprehension of extensive passages containingeloquently constructed but extraordinarily protracted sentences like this very one, would be paramount to achieving exceptional results, the tenacious student invested copious efforts into diligent preparation."See what I mean? Who can even understand what that's trying to say? There are so many crazy words, and clauses within clauses. Sometimes I get lost and have to start over two or three times. My teacher says I need to learn to identify the subject, verb, clauses, and structure to follow along. Ugh, it's so hard!Despite how difficult and confusing English grammar can be, I'm not giving up. I'm going to study my strategies for sentence analysis every day. I'll learn all the rules for verbs, nouns, adjectives and more. Pretty soon, I'll be a grammar genius! Well, maybe not a genius. But at least I'll pass that crazy test. Then it's on to my dream university. Keep studying, grammar stars!篇42023 Exam English Grammar and Long Sentences by TinaHi everyone! My name is Tina and I'm in 5th grade. I love reading, writing, and learning about English. My big sister is studying really hard to take the graduate entrance exam nextyear. She's been asking me to help her practice English grammar and long sentence structure. I've been learning a lot too!One of the biggest things in English grammar is parts of speech. There are 8 main parts: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Nouns are people, places, things or ideas. Verbs are action words. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Pronouns take the place of nouns. Prepositions show location or direction. Conjunctions join words or sentences. Interjections are neat words that show emotion like "Wow!"It's really important to identify the parts of speech to understand how sentences are built. Simple sentences have a subject and a verb like "The cat ran." More complex sentences add objects, like "The cat chased the mouse." You can expand on that by adding adjectives, like "The gray cat quickly chased the tiny mouse." See how those describing words make it more clear?One of the hardest things about English is getting the verb tenses right. There are simple tenses like past, present, and future. But then there are perfect tenses too. Like, "I had walked" is past perfect. "I will have walked" is future perfect. Keeping those all straight is tricky!Another grammar key is subject-verb agreement. Singular subjects get singular verbs and plural subjects get plural verbs. Like, "The boy runs" but "The boys run." Seems easy but it gets harder with collective nouns and phrases between the subject and verb.Oh and you have to watch out for common grammar mistakes! Things like run-on sentences, fragments, misplaced modifiers, and pronoun disagreement errors. A bunch of grammar rules to remember. Sometimes I feel like my head will explode from all the exceptions and special cases!My big sister has also been practicing really long, complex sentences for her exam. Long sentences can communicate sophisticated ideas but they have to be structured properly. You need the right punctuation, parallel construction, and transition words to make them flow logically.Here's an example of a grammar-perfect but crazy long sentence:After being rudely awoken by the buzzing of the alarm at the crack of dawn, fumbling to locate her phone with blurred,half-open eyes, only to realize it was not her typical wake-up call but rather a dreadfully ominous emergency notification, Samantha, an up-and-coming marketing executive who typicallyexuded an air of calm and composure even in the mosthigh-pressure situations, felt her heart beginning to palpitate rapidly as her mind raced with visions of potential calamities, fearing the absolute worst until she regained enough wherewithal to actually read the message, her worries momentarily dissipating as it mereCly warned of an impending storm, only to resurface when glancing out the window to dark, ominous clouds forming on the horizon, knowing her already daunting morning commute would likely descend into sheer chaos and gridlock, as it so often did during inclement weather conditions in this ill-equipped, traffic-clogged metropolis.Phew! I need to take a breath after that one. Long sentences are no joke. You have to be really careful with all the clauses, commas, parallel construction, and making sure everything is grammatically correct. The grammar rules get extra tricky with the length and complexity.My sister has shown me tons of examples of long, confusing sentences from past exams. Some look like mistranslated jibberish from another language. Others start making sense but then trail off into a labyrinth of dependent clauses and prepositional phrases that leaves you scratching your head.I admire her persistence for grinding away at all those practice sentences. But as a 5th grader, I have to admit that a lot of the long, complicated grammatical structures go way over my head. I'm still working on mastering the basics of simple and compound sentences. Maybe by high school I'll be ready to dive into the dizzying world of sophisticated grammar constructions!For now, I'll do my best to help my sister review parts of speech, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation rules. Baby steps towards untangling the enigma that is the English language. I'm rooting for her to ace that grammar section! Maybe one day I'll be up for those mind-bending long sentences myself. But today is not that day.Thanks for reading my article! I hope it gave you akids-eye-view into some of the grammar concepts being prepped for the big 2023 exam. While some grammatical rules can seem awfully convoluted to a 10-year-old, I have a new appreciation for just how elaborate and nuanced the English language can be, especially at advanced levels. Kudos to anyone grinding through those labyrinthine sentence practice drills! I'm sticking to "See Spot run" for now.篇5Sure! Here's a 1000-word article on "Tian Jing's Grammar and Complex Sentences in the 2023 Postgraduate Entrance Examination" written in English, using a language style suitable for elementary school students:Learning Grammar with Tian Jing and Her Amazing Sentences!Hey there, fellow little learners! Today, we're going to dive into the exciting world of grammar and tackle some tricky long sentences with our friend, Tian Jing. She's a smart lady who knows all about English grammar, and she's here to help us out!What is Grammar?Grammar is like the rules of a language. Just like when you play a game, there are certain rules you need to follow to make sure everything makes sense. In English, grammar helps us put words together in the right way, so we can express ourselves clearly.Meet Tian Jing!Tian Jing is a famous scholar who loves studying grammar. She believes that understanding grammar can make our English better and more powerful. She's known for her amazing ability to create long and complex sentences that impress everyone!Let's Learn from Tian Jing!Nouns: Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. For example, "dog," "cat," "book," and "happiness" are all nouns. Tian Jing loves using nouns to describe things vividly. She says, "The fluffy white clouds floated gracefully across the bright blue sky, like cotton candy in the air!"Verbs: Verbs are action words that show what someone or something is doing. For example, "run," "jump," "eat," and "play" are verbs. Tian Jing uses verbs to make her sentences lively. She says, "Lisa giggled with joy as she danced happily under the rainbow."Adjectives: Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. They tell us more about the noun. For example, "big," "happy," "red," and "beautiful" are adjectives. Tian Jing uses adjectives to paint colorful pictures in our minds. She says, "The tall, majestic tree stood proudly in the middle of the lush green forest."Adverbs: Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They tell us how, when, or where something happens. For example, "quickly," "happily," "now," and "here" are adverbs. Tian Jing uses adverbs to add extra details to her sentences. She says, "The little bird chirped cheerfully as it flew gracefully through the sky."Complex Sentences: Tian Jing loves to challenge herself by creating long and complex sentences. These sentences have more than one clause, and they make her writing more interesting. For example, she says, "Although it was raining heavily, the brave children continued playing soccer in the muddy field, laughing and cheering each other on."Why Learn Grammar?Learning grammar helps us become better communicators. When we understand grammar, we can express our ideas clearly and write amazing stories or essays, just like Tian Jing! It also helps us understand what we read and follow instructions correctly.Practice Makes Perfect!To become grammar superstars like Tian Jing, we need to practice. We can read books, write stories, and have fun with grammar games. The more we practice, the better we'll get!ConclusionLearning grammar doesn't have to be boring, my little friends. With the help of Tian Jing and her incredible sentences, we can learn grammar in a fun and exciting way. So let's dive into the world of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and complex sentences, and become grammar superheroes!Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep learning, keep exploring, and soon you'll be writing like a pro. Good luck on your grammar adventures!Note: This article is a fictional piece written for entertainment purposes. Tian Jing is a made-up character created solely for this article.篇6Studying for the Big TestWow, the 2023 postgraduate exam in English is coming up soon! I've been working really hard to get ready. My big sister is taking it, and she's been telling me all about the grammar andthose super long, twisted sentences they make you read. It sounds kind of scary, but also fun to learn!The first thing she taught me about English grammar for the test is all the verb tenses. In English, we have simple tenses like present ("I walk"), past ("I walked"), and future ("I will walk"). But then there are fancy progressive tenses with "is/was/will be" plus the -ing form, like "I am walking" for present progressive. There are also perfect tenses with "have/had/will have" plus the past participle, like "I have walked" for present perfect. And you can combine them into tenses like past perfect progressive ("I had been walking"). Phew, that's a lot of tenses!My sister showed me how to keep the subject and verb straight, even in complex sentences. Like, "The student who is studying grammar will pass the test." See how "student" is the subject, and it matches with "will pass"? Super important to make those agree. Sometimes there are multiple clauses or phrases packed into one sentence, so you have to carefully follow the subject trail.Then there are all the different kinds of clauses and phrases to learn about. Like adjective clauses that modify nouns ("The student who studies will pass"). Or adverb clauses that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs ("Because she studied hard,she passed"). Noun clauses can act as subjects or objects ("What she said was correct"). It makes my head spin a little!Another tricky part is identifying things like gerunds, infinitives, and participles. A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that acts like a noun, like "Swimming is fun." Infinitives are the "to" form, like "to swim." And participles are-ing forms or -ed forms that act as adjectives, like "the swimming dog" or "the baked bread." You have to spot them in the sentences."Having been exhausted after an unexpected, grueling hike through the remote wilderness areas, where ferocious grizzlies were rumored to roam, the inexperienced campers, who had hoped to reconnect with nature by "roughing it" for a few days, immediately realized their woeful lack of preparedness for such an expedition upon encountering the first signs of an approaching storm."Whoa! See how it starts with a participle phrase "Having been exhausted..." to describe the subject "the campers"? And there are multiple clauses and phrases packed in there? You really have to follow the trail and think it through step-by-step. No wonder my sister is studying so hard!Even though all these grammar rules and sentence structures seem really hard, I actually find them kind offascinating. It's like cracking a code or solving a puzzle. My big goal is to keep working with my sister so I can start reading some of those crazy-complex sentences and identifying all the elements too. Then maybe in a few years, I'll be ready to take the postgraduate English exam myself!Overall, I've learned that preparation for the English section of the big test requires mastering verb tenses, clauses, phrases, and being able to analyze even the most wildly twisted sentences. It's a huge challenge, but kind of fun if you think of it like one giant game or logic puzzle. I'll keep practicing and doing my best to get ready. Someday I may even be a grammar master myself!。
考研英语长难句精析（四）
考研英语长难句精析（四）考研英语长难句精析（四）19．Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.[句子主干]Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…[语法难点]有套和从句。
逗号前面是一个现在分词短语，作状语，里面又有一个that从句作the view的同位语，逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句。
[句子翻译]这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
[翻译技巧]in every relevant respect译成“各相关方面”，不要把respect 译成“尊重”；extremists为极端主义者；let outside the area of moral choice译成“不在道德范围内，不关乎道德”。
20．When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.[句子主干]When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is ….instinct…, an instinct that should be…[语法难点]以冒号为界，将全句分成两个复合句。
前面的复合句里，时间状语从句when that happens叙述的是前一句to see…的情形的出现。
雅思、考研英语长难句分析
长难句分析1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some w ays…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
2023考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文全套
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%.词汇突破:humanity [hjuːˈmænəti]n. 人类；人道；仁慈；人文学科corporate [ˈkɔːpərət]adj. 法人的；共同的，全体的；社团的；公司的；企业的n. 公司，集团结构分析:句子的主干是national spending varied from around 4% to 25%。
句首during 引导时间状语，on social sciences and the humanities 是后置定语，修饰spending，as 表示比较，破折号中间的内容起到解释作用。
参考译文:在20世纪90年代末，国家在社会科学和人文科学上的投入占所有研究和发展基金(包括政府、高等教育、非营利组织和企业)的比例从4%到25%不等。
The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.词汇突破:essence [ˈes(ə)ns]n. 本质，实质；精华；香精essential [ɪˈsenʃl]adj. 本质的；必不可少的，非常重要的；基本的，精髓的n. 必不可少的东西，必需品；要素，本质assert [əˈsɜːt]vt. 维护，坚持；断言；主张；声称结构分析:句子的主干是The Administration was in essence asserting，in essence 是一个状语，that 引导的宾语从句中含有一个because 引导的原因状语从句。
2020考研英语语法干货：特殊长难句分析技巧
2020考研英语语法干货：特殊长难句分析技巧
同学们，是否在考研复习时,为英语语法而头疼呢? 不用担心。
下面是小编为大家带来的“2020考研英语语法干货：特殊长难句分析技巧”相关内容，欢迎大家阅读。
2020考研英语语法干货：特殊长难句分析技巧
特殊结构，总结了分裂结构、嵌套结构、平行结构，如导图所示。
分裂结构中，如果是同位语或插入语造成的分裂，直接去掉不看。
如果是状语从句的插入，要把从句后移，移到句子末尾再看。
如果是从句后移的分裂(从句过长，主语过短，为了避免意思表达的不连贯，因此把长的从句后移)，要把从句还原到原本的位置。
嵌套结构只不过是从句套从句，就好像Android布局的嵌套一样咯(写代码还是有好处的)。
理解的时候，得先由内而外断开句子，再由外而内理解意思。
平行结构，又称并列结构，类似中文的排比，并列的多个成分往往是词性相同或形式一致的。
与之前的并列句，几乎无差啦。
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G002语法讲义P16嵌套结构He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.（2008翻译）concisely / kənˈsaisli / adv.简明地；简洁地compensate / ˈkɔmpenseit / v.补偿；弥补intent / inˈtent / adj.热切的；专注的enable / iˈneibl / v.使能够；使有机会detect / diˈtekt / v.发现；查明；侦察出reasoning / ˈri:zəniŋ / n.推想；推理observation / ˌɔbzəˈveiʃn / n.言论；评论；观察译文：他指出，在清晰简洁地表达自己的思想方面，他总是会经历许多困难。
但是他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都进行长时间的认真思考，从而能发现推理错误及自己言论中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
练一练：分析下列句子结构1.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] adj.适当的；恰当的federal ['fed(ə)r(ə)l] adj.联邦的manufacturer [,mænjʊ'fæktʃ(ə)rə(r)] n.制造商liability [laɪə'bɪlɪtɪ] n.责任，义务你需要明白的几个知识点：1. 句子主干为it isn’t clear that…，it做形式主语置于句首，that主语从句放在句末。
2. while置于句首，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
从句中，and 连接两个并列的句子。
3. the dangers of drug interactions, for example 做插入语，被破折号隔开，起补充说明的作用。
插入语与句子的其他部分没有语法上的关系，是做独立的成分。
4. ②and many are required by state or federal regulations为被动语态，by引出动作发出者。
译文：尽管警示语常常是合理而必要的（如警告药物有相互作用的危险），并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的，但是当消费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商使之免于承担责任，却还很难说。
2.At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.academic / ˌækəˈdemik / n. 高等院校教师；高校科研人员substantial / səbˈstænʃl / adj. 大量的；价值巨大的issue / ˈiʃu: / v. 公布；发出bombard / bɔmˈbɑ:d / v. 提供过多信息你需要明白的几个知识点：1. 句子主干the American Law Institute issued new guidelines，at the same time为时间状语.2. a group of judges, lawyers, and academics作the American Law Institute 的同位语。
3. whose recommendations carry substantial weight作a group of judges, lawyers, and academics的定语从句。
4. stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones为现在分词短语作定语。
其中的that从句作stating的宾语从句。
译文：与此同时，美国法学会—一群说话举足轻重的法官、律师、学者—发布了新的侵权法指导原则，宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险，或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能遇到的危险清单。
3.Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.conduct ['kɒndʌkt] v. 进行；实施；执行transaction [træn'zækʃ(ə)n] n. 交易give access to 准许进入private [ˈpraɪvɪt] adj. 私有的，个人的你需要明白的几个知识点：1.句子的主干为Some companies are limiting the risk。
2. by引导的成分作状语，表方式。
此状语结构中还嵌套有一个定语从句who are given access to the company's private intranet，修饰partners，表明partners享有的权限。
译文：一些公司正通过只与授权进入其私用内部网络的老商业伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险。
4.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.affiliate / əˈfilieit / n. 附属机构；分公司account for (数量上、比例上)占fast-growing 高速发展的，高速成长的segment / ˈseɡmənt / n. 部份；份economy / iˈkɔnəmi / n. 经济体；经济；经济制度open up 开放investment / inˈvestmənt / n. 投资译文：国际子公司在那些对外开放并欢迎外资的经济体中所占产量份额快速增长。
5.The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.pioneer / ˌpaiəˈniə(r) / n. 先锋；先驱mix / miks / v.&n. 混合；结合interactivity / ˌintərækˈtivəti / n. 互动；配合hospitality / ˌhɔspiˈtæləti / n. 好客；殷勤security / siˈkjuərəti / n. 安全工作你需要明白的几个知识点：1. 句子主干是the examples of… show that…2. that引导了宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是a web site，谓语是will attract，宾语是online customers。
在从句中又嵌套着一个现在分词作的后置定语，修饰a web site.3. 该句子中包含两个并列平行结构，一处是主语the examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers；另一处是the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security。
译文：Virtual Vineyards和Amazon. com及其他（网络商务）先锋的例子表明：若网络销售适类商品，并将互动、热情和安全完美结合，则必将吸引网上客户。
6.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.invisible [ɪn'vɪzɪb(ə)l] adj. 无形的，看不见的on the behalf of 代表prospect ['prɒspekt] n. 前途；预期；景色reform [rɪ'fɔːm] n. 改革，改良译文：有人以学生的职业前景为由主张将计算机引入课堂，有人则以彻底的教育改革这种更宽泛的理由主张将计算机引入课堂，这两者中间的存在着一种无形的界限。