考研语法讲义长难句(嵌套结构)

G002语法讲义P16嵌套结构

He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.（2008翻译）

concisely / kənˈsaisli / adv.简明地；简洁地

compensate / ˈkɔmpenseit / v.补偿；弥补

intent / inˈtent / adj.热切的；专注的

enable / iˈneibl / v.使能够；使有机会

detect / diˈtekt / v.发现；查明；侦察出

reasoning / ˈri:zəniŋ / n.推想；推理

observation / ˌɔbzəˈveiʃn / n.言论；评论；观察

译文：他指出，在清晰简洁地表达自己的思想方面，他总是会经历许多

困难。但是他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对

自己要说的每句话都进行长时间的认真思考，从而能发现推理错误及自己言论中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。

练一练：分析下列句子结构

1.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] adj.适当的；恰当的

federal ['fed(ə)r(ə)l] adj.联邦的

manufacturer [,mænjʊ'fæktʃ(ə)rə(r)] n.制造商

liability [laɪə'bɪlɪtɪ] n.责任，义务

你需要明白的几个知识点：

1. 句子主干为it isn’t clear that…，it做形式主语置于句首，that主语从句放在句末。

2. while置于句首，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。从句中，and 连接两个并列的句子。

3. the dangers of drug interactions, for example 做插入语，被破折号隔开，起补充说明的作用。插入语与句子的其他部分没有语法上的关系，是做独立的成分。

4. ②and many are required by state or federal regulations为被动语态，by引出动作发出者。

译文：尽管警示语常常是合理而必要的（如警告药物有相互作用的危险），并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的，但是当消费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商使之免于承担责任，却还很难说。

2.At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

academic / ˌækəˈdemik / n. 高等院校教师；高校科研人员substantial / səbˈstænʃl / adj. 大量的；价值巨大的

issue / ˈiʃu: / v. 公布；发出

bombard / bɔmˈbɑ:d / v. 提供过多信息

你需要明白的几个知识点：

1. 句子主干the American Law Institute issued new guidelines，at the same time为时间状语.

2. a group of judges, lawyers, and academics作the American Law Institute 的同位语。

3. whose recommendations carry substantial weight作a group of judges, lawyers, and academics的定语从句。

4. stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones为现在分词短语作定语。其中的that从句作stating的宾语从句。

译文：与此同时，美国法学会—一群说话举足轻重的法官、律师、学者—发布了新的侵权法指导原则，宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险，或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能遇到的危险清单。