初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习教材

宾语从句

导入：

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充

当宾语，如：I know that the man is a policeman.

主句引导词从句

宾语从句三大块:

1. 引导宾语从句引导词选择；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3.时态。

一.宾语从句的引导词

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

如：

My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:

1. I know …

2. She says …

3. Tell your friend …（that）

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

(1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t know

I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.

(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?

Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?

用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:

1.Do you know …

2.I want to know …

3.The teacher asks …if/whether

•注意：一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，

只能用whether不用if 的三种情况

•①与or not连用：

Let me know whether you can come or not.

•②在介词之后：

It depends on whether it is going to rain.

③在不定式之前：

We haven’t decided whether to go there.

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。（连接代词who, whom, whose, what,

which，连接副词when, where, why, how，它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义）。

如：

1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?

Can you tell me what she is doing?

2.Where does she live? Do you know?

Do you know where she lives?

用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:

1.Do you know …

2.I want to kno w …

3. Can you tell me …

1.What is this ?

2.What are you doing ?

3.Where do you live ?

4.When does he get up ?

5.How did you go to work?

6.Who will you play with?

二.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”

注意:

(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

What’s wrong? What’s the matter?

What’s happening?

eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

三.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是__任何___时态。

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的__过去___时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

注意:

.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

Could you tell me where the bookshop is.

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

(形容词后的宾语从句，2014 一模和二摸题)

四，拓展：直接引语和间接引语

概述

我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，

另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。

The teacher asked, “Do you like English?”老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）

The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）

一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。