新编研究生英语系列教材Unit 1
研究生英语综合教程Unit1
Unit 1 Romantic LovePart I Before Reading Activities1.Look at the pictures below and in English tell a love story that is to happen in the fall.Girl Boy Recalling Missing Dancing Praying2.Consult your parents and senior relatives about the dowry in different periods since 1960s, and then make a comparison with what you want for your marriage and report it to the class.Like:bicycle in_________Car in _____________House in _____Jewelry in______________Lover watches in ____________Quilts in ______________Sewing machine in___________TV set in ________________Washing machine in ____________Wooden cases in_______________Part II Passage ReadingTextArabella and CupidMary Corrigan1.There couldn't have been a worse place for Arabella to have a puncture right in front of the entrance to the church.2.Geoff looked at the line of smart cars along the Kerb. Arabella looked hopelessly out of place. Her staid lines simply screamed 1952 at the long, sleek late-model cars,and brought forth a ripple of mirth from the by-standers.”Oh,look, Doreen,there;s the bride‟s car,”giggled the woman with the string bag, flourishing her umbrella at Arabella.3.Geoff set about changing the ryre, to the zccompaniment of much urgingand criticism from String Bag,Doree and company. It was hot work, standing in the sun, waiting for the bride to emerge, and they welcomed Geoff‟s plight as the sun, waiting for the bride to emerge, and they welcomed Geoff‟s plight as a sort of curtain raiser to entertain them until the main act came on.Geoff fumed. “Old buzzards,” he muttered. “Nothing else to do with their Saturday afternoons but hang around churches and goggle at brides.4.“Put a bit of elbow grease into it , laddie,”said Doreen. “You don‟t want to hold up the wedding party. You‟re right in the way of the bride‟s car. Oh, look,here it comes.”The black limousine honked its horn behind him. Geoff wished he had stayed in Sydhey until Monday. He coursed the urge to have his first weekend at home in fouryears, which had been responsible for his unofficial arrival in Brisbane three days ahead of time . Why hadn‟t he left Arabella sitting up on her blocks, where she had beenfor the last four years, instead of taking her out on the road?5. “Look, Doreen, here‟s the guard of honour,”shrieked String Bag.She prodded Geoff with her umbrella.”Hurry up,” she said. “the bride will be coming out any minute. You‟d better get this old scrapheap out of the way.”6.Furiously, he worked at the ryre,and, just as he had it pumped up, he was conscious of a flurry of white tulle and confetti at the door of the church.Strin Bag, Doreen and company had Mercifully turned away from him and uniformed guard of honour.7.The bride‟s car renewed its impatient honking.He threw the pump into Arabella and seated himself behind the wheel.He switched on the ignition and heaved a relieved sigh when she responded. He let in the clutch. Nothing happened. Arabella …s rear wheels were spinning in the air. He had forgotten to let down the jack!By this time,the bride and groom were at the kerb, surrounded by the guard of honour, who hooted with delight at the sight of Arabella with her tail in the air,and the unhappy Geoff----a sorry picture of grease and dust in an old T-shirt.One of them helpfully let down the jack while another held Arabella‟s backdoor wide open.It all happened too quickly for Geoff. With a stately mock solemnity, the bride and groom entered Arabella, whose embarrassed chug-chugging was drowned in the raucous mirth of the guard of honour.9.Geoff began to see the humour of the situation. With a grin he raised and enquiring eyebrow at the groom.“Forward, James,”said the bridegroom. “To The Golden Bow by the longest possible route. The guests must arrive there before us.”Arabella jerked forward.The bride and groom rocked with laughter as the rest of the wedding party gave them a rousing, cheer. In the rear-vision mirror Geoff caught a glimpse of the limousine driver,scratching his head in puzzlement.10.“wouldn‟t it be the stunt of the year,”said the bridegroom. “not to turn up at Golden?”“Oh Bill,”giggled the bride. “don‟t be awful.”“No seriously, Jessie, you and I and ---what‟s your name, old boy?”“Call me Geoff.”“...you and I and Geoffhere ought to celebrate with a burger. I‟m starving.Do you like burgers, Geoff?”Love them, said Bill, “what could be better? A short stop at a burger bar and on to surfers Paradise. No wedding reception, no speeches.How does that appeal to you,Geoff?”“There‟s just one thing,”said Geoff. “Arabella hasn‟t enough petrol to get to The Golden Bowl, let alone Surfers. Your car is still following us. Perhaps you‟d better change over.”“Oh, no, Geoff,” said Jessie. “We‟ll buy some petrol, won‟t we ,Bill?”“What do we use for money?Roger has my wallet. That‟s what the best man is for.”“That seems to settle it, then,”said Geoff, regretfully. “I haven‟t a bean.You‟ll have to change cars...unless...”“Unless what?:“Well, I live just around this corner. We could go home and syphon some petrol out of my dad‟s car.”“Good of you, Geoff! Give Arabella her head for home.”13.To say that Mrs Bayliss was astonished would be putting it mildly. Looking up from her gardening, she blinked at the spectacle of Geoff coming the from path, followed by a vision of radiance in lace and tulle and an impeccably dressed airman in the uniform of a pilot officer.14.“You‟re not seeing things,mum,”said Geoff. “meet Jessie and Bill.They‟ve just been married. Arabella‟s out of juice, and we‟re going to syphon some petrol out of the Jaguar.”Mrs Bayliss had one answer for all situations:”What about a cup of tea?”She said serenely.15.Geoff gave her a broad wink as he and Bill went off to attend to the petrol.Jessie followed her into the kitchen and sat on the edge of the table in her finery while Mrs. Bayliss made the tea.By the time the men reappeared, Jessie had told her the story of Arabella‟s mishap in front of the church and how Geoff had come to be chauffeur to a pair of complete strangers.16.”Now Geoff, get into your good clothes, “said Bill. “You‟re coming to our wedding breakfast.”Geoff protested, but weakly, knowing all the time that he was going to see this crazy joke through. The whole unorthodox procedure appealed to him.Time enough to be serious on Monday, when he would be taking on his new job, with all the dignity it would demand He changed into his only suit, an old grey one, and in no time they were chugging off again in Arabella.17.They arrived at Te Golden Bowl just as the guests were beginning to wonder what had become of the happy couple. The wedding breakfast was a light-hearted affair, with the bride and groom demanding that Geoff sit between them.18.However,he declined. Geoff was a man of quick decisions and during the general introductions--”Janice, meet Geoff”--he suddenly knew why the whole thing had happened. He might have expected it. Arabella had always had a way of taking thingsinto her own hands, and this was how she decreed that he would find the ideal he had carried around in his heart ever since he could remember .19.So it was that, declining the invitation to sit between the bride and groom, he seated himself next to the chief bridesmaid and made no attempt to conceal his adoration.By the time the toasts were beginning, he knew he would never let her out of his sight.“Do you believe in love at first sight?” he whispered.Janice‟s eyes were shining when she said softly, “Yes, I believe I do.”20.THe chairman was saying,”And now I would like to call on a distinguished guest to say a few words. It is a surprise to see him among the guests, as I did not expect him to arrive in Brisbane until Monday. I refer, of course, to the newly appointed Commanding Officer at Amberley, Group Captain Geoffrey Bayliss, DFC.”21.Geoff was as surprised as anyone. In his infatuation with Janice, he had not noticed the presence of his old school mate, Padre Teddy Collins. He rose to his feet, well aware of the looks of shocked apprehension on the faces of Bill and his fellow officers. The prank they had played on the poor inoffensive bloke in the broken-down car had rebounded with a vengeance, when the bloke turned out to be the new boss. 22.Geoff raised his glass. “Long life and prosperity,” he said “to the happy couple.”He looked around the long tables and grinnd disarmingly.There was a spontaneous burst of applause from the young officers, who, in the last few minutes, had experienced surprise apprehension and relief.23.”One more toast,” called Geoff. “I give you a fairy godmother called Arabella, who has her own way of making dreams come true.”He resumed his seat and turned to Janice.24.When Bill and Jessie were driving off in Bill‟s car, Jessie threw her bouquet right into Janice‟s arms.25.“How appropriate,”murmured Geoff. The look in Janice‟s eyes told him all he wanted to know. He took her by the hand. “Come with me,” he said. “I want you to meet Arabella.”Notes1.Arabella looked hopelessly out of place:Geoff‟s car-Arabella-was dwarfed by those beautiful cars that were parked along the kerb of the road ,waiting for the bride and bridegroom and all the other fuests to come out of the church.2.“Old buzzards”:”Buzzard”is a collective noun for all the hawk like birds;in slang it means a greedy and selfish person. In the text here, Geoff uses the phrase to show his anger at those people who are hanging around the church with nothing to do on purpose but just tease him and his old car.3.“You‟re not seeing things, mum,”:You‟re not experiencing an illusion.”see things”, in colloquial English, just means having an illusion. By using this sentence, Geoff is telling his mother although this is really happening before her eyes.4.Wedding breakfast:In the West, after the wedding ceremony, a banquet will be given to entertain all the guests and relatives who attend the wedding ceremony. Whether the banquet is served in the morning or midday, or even in the afternoon, it is all ”wedding breakfast”.New Wordspuncture ['pʌŋ(k)tʃə] n.a small hole in a tyre resulting in an escape of air(轮胎的)刺孔staid [steɪd] adj. （sometime derogative ）(of peple, their appearance, behaviour, tastes, etc) serious, dull and old-fashioned; conservative 古板的，保守的，一本正经的giggle ['gɪg(ə)l]ugh lightly in a nervous, affected, or silly manner(紧张做做地)轻笑；傻笑plight [plaɪt]n.a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation 险境，困境，苦难fume [fjuːm]v. emit gas, smoke, or vapour;feel,show, or express great anger goggle ['gɒg(ə)l] v. Look with wide open eyes, typically in amazement or wonder (多指因惊奇等)瞪大眼睛看goggles ['gɑglz]n.close-fitting glasses with side shields, for protecting the eyes from glare, dust, water, etc.(用以挡光、防尘、放水等的)护目镜honk ['hɒŋk]v.cause(a car horn)to make a harsh sound 按汽车喇叭shriek [ʃriːk]v.utter a high-pitched piercing sound or words,especially as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement(尤指因惊吓、疼痛或兴奋而)尖声叫喊prod [prɒd]v. Poke(someone )with a finger, foot, or pointed object(用手指、脚、尖物)刺，捅heave [hiːv]v.produce(a sigh);lift or haul(a heavy thing )with great effort;(informal )throw (something heavy)发出（叹息）；用力举起（或拉、拖）；（非正式）扔，甩，抛（重物）hoot [huːt]v(of person)make loud sounds of scorn, disapproval, or merriment(人)发出呵呵声（大声表示轻蔑、不赞成或快乐）solemnity [sə'lemnɪtɪ]n.the state or quality of being serious and dignified 庄严；庄重chug [tʃʌg]v.emit a series of regular muffled explosive souds, as of an engine running slowly;(N. Amer. informal)consume(a drink)in large gulps without pausing(如引擎慢慢运转般)作响；（北美，非正式）咕嘟咕嘟的喝jerk [dʒɜːk]v. Move with a sudden movement 猝然一动，猛地一动rock [rɒk]v.cause(someone or something)to move gently to and fro or from side to side;(with reference to a building or region)shake or cause to shake orvibrate, especially because of an impact, earthquake, or explosion 轻轻摇动，是轻轻摆动，使轻轻晃动；（尤指由于撞击、地震或爆炸）（使）（建筑物，地区）剧烈震动；（使）摇晃stunt [stʌnt]n. An action displaying epectacular skill and daring; something unusual done to attract attention惊险动作，绝技；引人瞩目的花招，burger ['bɝ：gɚ]n.a flat round cake of minced beef that is fried or grilled and generally eaten in a bread roll 汉堡包，夹心牛肉饼syphon ['saɪfən]v.draw(a liquid )from one place to another using a pipe or tube which is in the form of upside-down U 通过虹管吸blink [blɪŋk]v.shut and open the eyes quickly 眨眼睛impeccably [im'pekəbli]adv.(of behaviour, performance, or appearance)in accordance with the highest standards of propriety; faultlessly(行为，表演，外表)最佳地，完美地，无瑕疵地serenely [sə'ri:nli]adv. In a calm, peaceful,and untroubled way;tranquilly安详地；宁静地wink [wɪŋk]n.an act of closi ng and opening one eye quickly, typically as a signal眨眼；眨眼示意mishap ['mɪshæp]n.an unlucky accident 不幸事故；灾难unorthodox [ʌn'ɔːθədɒks] adj.contrary to what is usual, traditional, or accepted; not orthodox 非传统的；非正统的；异端的decline [dɪ'klaɪn] v.politely refuse(an invitation or offer);become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease 谢绝，婉言拒绝；变小，减少；下降decree [dɪ'kriː]v.order (something )by an official order issued by a ruler or authority that has the force of law 依法命令infatuation [ɪn,fætʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n;]n.(be infatuated with )being inspired with an intense but short-lied passion or admiration for (被一时强烈的激情或爱慕)冲昏通脑；迷恋prank [præŋk]n. A practical joke or mischievous act 玩笑；恶作剧rebound [rɪ'baʊnd]v.bounce back through the air after hitting a hard surface or object;have an unexpected adverse consequence for (someone, especially the person responsible for it )弹回，跳回；（事件，局势）产生事与愿违的结果disarmingly [dis'a:miŋli]adv.(of manner or behaviour )having the effect of allaying suspicion ofr hostility, especially through charm (尤指通过魅力)（举止，行为）消除疑虑地；消除敌意地resume [rɪ'zjuːm;] v. Begin to do or pursue(something)again after a pause or interruption(中断后)重新开始，继续Useful Expressionsset about sth./doing sth. (no passive)begin (a task); start doing sth. 开始（某工作）；着手（做某事）hang around/about... (informal)be standing about (a place ), doing nothing definite; not move away 无所事事地待在（某处）；荡来荡去put elbow grease into sth. (colloquial )make harder efforts to sth. (口)费力；苦干hold up sb./sth. Obstruct or delay the progress of sb./sth. 阻碍或延误（某人/某事物）pump up inflate(a tyre, etc )by pumping air into it 给（轮胎等）打足气what become of sb./sth. (idiom)what is happening to sb./sth（习语）（某人、某事物）情况如何refer to sb./sth mention or speak of sb./sth.;allude to sb./ sth.提到；说到或涉及（某人或某事物）Proper NamesArabella (人名)阿拉贝拉（原为女孩名，此课中为汽车款式名称）Cupid (人名)丘比特，罗马神话中的爱神，其形象往往为背插双翼、手执弓箭做待发状的男童Geoff (人名)杰夫Doreen (人名)杜林String Bag (人名)网袋女（referring to the woman with the string bag）Sydney (地名)悉尼，澳大利亚新南威尔士州首府，港口城市the guard of honour 仪仗队James (人名)詹姆斯the Golden Bow 金碗（餐厅或俱乐部的名字）Bill (人名)比尔Jessie (人名)杰西Surfers Paradise 冲浪者天堂（俱乐部名）Roger (人名)罗杰the best man 伴郎Mrs，Bayliss (人名)贝里斯太太Jaguar 捷豹牌汽车，时间诶顶级豪华车品牌，历史悠久；2004年3月捷豹汽车正式进入中国市场Janice (人名)贾尼丝Commanding Officer 指挥官Amberley (地名)安柏丽，澳大利亚皇家空军基地，位于昆士兰州布里斯班附近DFC =Distinguished Flying Cross 优异飞行十字勋章，英国及一些英联邦国家为表彰英国皇家空军及英联邦国家空军成员而设立的一种奖章，后来美国也设立了此种军功勋章Padre Teddy Collins (人名)帕德累•特迪•科林斯ExercisesI.After Reading ActivitiesComprehension of the TextRead the text carefully and do the reading comprehension exercises below by choosing a correct answer from the four given choices marked A.,B., B.and D.1.Arabella has been____ for four years before she had a puncture right in front of the entrance to the church.A.outside the churchB.inside the churchC.in her garageD.near Sydney2.When Arabella was ignited again after Geoff‟s amendment to her, she still trmained unmoved because____.A.the jack was heaving the carB.The driven wheel was broken againC.Geoff forgot to let in the clutchD.Geoff didn‟t pump enough air into the tyre3.Arabella was unable to reach Surfers Paradise as the bridegroom ordered for the reason that she was______.A.produced in 1952B.In short of oilC.Fond of burgersD.The stunt of the year4.The bride told Mrs. Bayliss everything except_____.A.What had happened to Arabella in front of the churchB.Why Geoff became their wedding car driverC.where they wanted to go after they left her houseD.Geoff would meet Janice for the first time in his life5.When Geoff was requested to offer a toast to Arabella because _____.A.it was Arabella that was lucky enough to drive the newly married coupleB.It was Arabella‟s contributions that Geoff was appointed Commanding Officer at AmberleyC.It was Arabella that had young officers experience surprise, apprehension and reliefD.It was Arabella‟s broken-down that led to his meeting with JanicePoints for DiscussionBreak into small groups and discuss the following questions. Later the teacher may ask some of you to report the answers of your group to the class.1.If you are asked to write a list of what could be most important elements in pursuingromantic love, what will you write down/ Any Why?2.Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend or fiance/fiancee of husband/wife?Would you p;ease try to tell your classmates something about your personal romance or some romantic anecdotes about yourself?What lesson should they learn from your love story?nguage FocusV ocabularyDo the exercises below by choosing the correct answers from given choices markedA.,B.,C,or D.1.Weiss said he‟s proud of Duchovny for voluntarily seeking help with his sex addition problem, apparently without______from press reports of lawsuits.A.ShriekingB.ProddingC.ScreamingD.Scratching2.Satellites are as vulnerable as they are valuable.America and Russia stopped such anti-satellite tests because both stood to lose:each side‟s eyes-in-the-skies monitored the other‟s nuclear weapons, helping to avoid awful______.A.rippleedyC.SolemnityD.Mishap3.On Sunday, August 8,2006,China and Chad have _____diplomatic relations after the Central African nation agreed to sever ties with Taiwan.A.renewedB.RedecoratedC.ResumedD.Rebounded4.I had a narrow shave yesterday when I had a ____on the motorway, but fortunately I was able to keep the car in control until I could pull over and stop.A.punctureB.TyreC.FractionD.Prank5.Despite broad similarities,food affects everyone‟s brain a little differently. For example, Gibson explained, extroverts are more likely to succumb to the “postlunch dip”----that desire to nap, or____Coffee, mid-afternoon.A.spineB.DeclineC.ChewD.Chug6.You‟ve got the flawless resume, ___-credentials and the perfect look-you are an employer‟s dream candidate,So why is it you‟ve been on the job hunt for almost a year and there are no prospects in sight? Expert says change of attitude might be best approach.A.flawedB.ImpeccableC.StaidD.Novel7.For example anger may provoke violent feelings towards another, but generally people refrain from stabbing each other willy-nilly. Instead they will shout, hit hteir head on the wall or just silently___.A. GiggleB.SpinC.EvadeD.Fume8.Streaking is one of the oldest tricks in the book.Unfortunately, it‟s also a sure-fire way to embarrass yourself for months to come. In the 1970s streaking was a popular______, a display of courage, and a general right of passage for college freshmen.A.winkB.ChauffeurC.PrankD.Philosophy9.The iron entered the princes soul as early as the very first tour of Wales he took with Diana in October 1981. As they worked the rope line together, the side that got Diana went crazy, ____with excitement and calling for “Di Di Di!”The side that got Charles groaned with disappointment. “Oh no !We got HIM.”A.shriekingB.DecreeingC.HonkingD.Howling10.A man was divorced by his wife in 2008 for running across China to support the 2008 Beijing Olympics for which he sold his apartment to finance the run. His wife promised to divorce him if he went ahead with the ____, and so he did.According to him, he was just running to promote the Olympic spirit.A.infatuationB.BouquetC.EthicsD.Stunt11.The diverging performance of investment banks such as Goldman and the retail operations of banks such as Citi is problematic for and administration that wants a strong Wall Street but is also under pressure to tackle the ____of ordinary people.A.plightB.SolemnityC.ApprehensionD.Sensation12.The IMF(International Bank Fund ) said Asia‟s rate of growth could _____to more than 5 per cent in 2010 if the rest of the world economy posted a clear improvement. But Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the IMF‟s managing director, said the outlook for Asia was “very uncertain”.A.hootB.jerkC.reboundD.reject13.Vampire stories are in many ways sex for the squeamish. We don‟t need Raj Persaud to tell us that plunging canines int soft warm necks ,, or driving stakes between ____bosoms, are very basic sexual metaphors.A.chuggingB. flourishingC.fumingD.heaving14.Thett Lambis often cranky like any other 3-year-old toddler, but here‟s one thing that makes him completely different:he has a rare medical condition in which he can‟t sleep a ____.15.Michael Phelps swam into Olympic history yesterday, becoming the athlete to win the most gold medals ever. And he did it swimming blind. A problem with his _____ , however, meant that he swam most of the race without knowing what was going on around him.A.spectaclesB.pranksC.gogglesD.perspectives16.Mr. Persky,48,stood on Park Avenue, handing out resumes to passers_by and wearing a sandwich board that said, “Experienced M.I.T.Grad for Hire.” A couple of young brokers who passed Mr. Persky said they thought his _____ methods would pay off. One said Mr. Persky had a “first mover‟s advantage”.And that “all this press coverage will probably get him a job.”A.unorthodoxB.disarmingC.distinguishedD.staid17.That may be extreme, but many Americans can‟t even talk about sex without_____, squirming or blushing. Let‟s start there. Talk to your kids about sex tonight, with confidence and a straight face. “I‟d prefer you waited to have sex.That means whenever you choose to do it, make sure you use one of these condoms.”A.decliningB.rockingC. gigglingD.blinking18.Joseph Garner of Purdue University and his colleagues in Norway report that the way goldfish respond to pain shows that these animals do experience pain consciously, rather than simply reacting with a reflex-such as when a person recoils after stepping on a tack(____away before he or she is aware of the sensation).A.decreeingB.resumingC.forgingD.jerking19.Will reading in dim light ruin your eyesight?The majority of eye experts believed it was unlikely to do any permanent damage, but it might make you squint, ____more and have trouble focusing.A.referB.blinkC.stareD.prod20.She realized that she felt fear as ____ for this man. As a result, she didn‟t know whether she should accept his proposal for marrying him or not.A.dignityB.solemnityC.infatuationD.accompanimentClozeRead the following passage carefully and choose the best answer given below the passage for each of the blanks.Science Daily(July 13,2009)-University of Denver(DU)researchers find that couples who live together before they are engaged have a higher chance of getting_(1)__than those who wait until they are married to live together,or at least wait until they are engaged.__(2)_____,couples who lived together before engagement and then married,reported a lower satisfaction in their marriages.The research,which appears in the Journal of Family Psychology, was_(3)___by Galena Thoades,senior researcher, Scott Stanley, research professor,and Howard Markman, professor of psychology.“We think that some couples who move in together without a clear_(4)____tomarriage may wind up sliding into marriage partly because they are already (5)____,”Thoades says. “It seems wise to talk about commitment and what living together might mean for the future of the relationship before moving in together,especially because cohabiting likely makes__(6)___harder to break up compared to dating,”Stanley says.The three researchers also studied the reasons__(7)__couples decide to live together.That study, which appeared in the Journal of Family Issues, shows that most couples chose to live together in order to spend more time together. The second most popular reason is convenience, followed by testing the relationship. This is different then__(8)____research that found most people cohabit to test the relationship.“Cohabiting to test a relationship turns out to be associated__(9)____the most problems in relationships,” Thoades says. “Perhaps if a person is feeling a need to test the relationship, he or she already knows some important information about how a relationship may go __(10)___time.”1.A engaged B .split up C.broken up D. Divorced2.A.In addition B. Apart from C. Except for D> Besides that3.A. Carried B. Chugged C. Infatuated D.conductedmitment B. Promise C.slogan D. Motto5.A.engaging B.marrying C. Cohabiting D. Divorcing6.A. that B. divorce C. it D. marriage7.A. which B. why C. that D. it8.A. Unorthodox B. Impeccable C. Previous D.serene9.A.to B. With C in D.into10.A. By B. Beyond C. Upon D.overTranslationA Translate the following into English.性背叛Vs情感不忠莱维和他的同事克里斯滕•凯利邀请了超过400位大学生（四分之三是女性）完成感情联系中依属关系类型的标准评估，并且询问他们什么更痛苦，是情感不忠还是性背叛。
研究生英语教程Unit1
Unit 1Creating a Low-Carbon Economy创建低碳生活Overview概述1.There is no longer any real question that global warming is occurring as the resultof the rapid build-up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities.We are on a trajectory for global warming to become much more intense unless we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a low-carbon economy. And the danger is increasingly clear and present. As Rajendra Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and recipient of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, has said, “If there’s no action before 2012, that’s too late. What we do in the next two to three years will determine our future. This is the defining moment.”对于主要由人类活动而迅速积累的温室气体引发了全球变暖这一事实，没有人再持有异议。
除非我们协同一致，快速转向低碳经济，否则全球变暖的趋势将会愈演愈烈。
这一危机日益彰显逼近。
正如获得2007年诺贝尔和平奖的联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）主席拉金德拉·帕乔里所声称的：“如果在2012年之前我们还没有采取行动，那就为时已晚了。
研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS核心员工的特征What exactly is a key play？核心员工究竟是什么样子的?A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。
“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said.在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“Key players are essential to my organization.“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just:当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
新发展研究生英语一_总答案+翻译
Unit 1 Human ReflectionsBefore Reading Activities1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(1) crush; (2) lifetime; (3) deceive; (4) smile; (5) right; (6) grateful; (7) arrives;(8) assurance; (9) return; (10) contentⅡ. Language FocusVocabularyPart A1. stranded;2. emeritus;3. erode;4. wondrous;5. yearning;6. shackled;7. salvation;8. nibble;9. imperfection; 10. eruptPart B1. B2. C3. A4. D5. A6. B7. C8. A9. D 10. BBank-Cloze(1) bored; (2) affiliate; (3) conducted; (4) valid; (5) ranging(6) fulfilling; (7) revealed; (8) tended; (9) Pressure; (10) toughTranslationPart A1. For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for those who lead a solitary life.2. Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching impact on the development of the organization.3. All of these show people’s yearning for a bet ter life, so they have been carried forward generation after generation.4. If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is trying to keep could fall apart.5. The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfec tions in each other’s character, otherwise their marriage may end up in divorce.Part B爱情是一部电话机，渴望它响起时，它却总是悄无声息；不经心留意时，它又叮铃铃地响起。
研究生英语课本第一单元电子版
• cordially adv. sincerely; warm-heartedly • diffuse v. spread all around ; • ruthless a. very cruel; without pity • tranquil a. calm, quiet and undisturbed • Partiality n. being partial; bias Eg a child with a grown-up partiality for rare and expensive foods 一个对稀少的昂贵食物的偏爱不断增长的孩子 • providence n. • trivial a. of little importance • disconsolate a. hopelessly sad Eg a disconsolate winter landscape 忧郁的冬日风景 disconsolate at the loss of the dog 因失去那只狗而闷闷不乐 • inconsolable a. that cannot be comforted
• Foam v. froth; send out foam • Discharge v. unload cargo from a ship • Mate n. A deck officer on a merchant ship ranking below the master • Facilitate v. make sth. easy or less difficult Eg political agreements that facilitated troop withdrawals. 使撤军更容易的政治协议 • Issue v. come, go or flow out Eg government issue of new bonds 政府发行的新公债 • Intrude v. put (oneself/sth.) into a place or situation where one/it is unwelcome or unsuitable Eg intruded opinion into a factual report. 将个人意见硬塞在真实的报道中 • Conspicuous a. easily seen; noticeable; remarkable
研究生英语系列教材综合教程上 unit1-8 reading focus 文字版精校版
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERSDavid G. Jensen1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."2 This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. They want to hire a "key player" from another company. Every company also hires from the ranks of newbies, and what they're looking for is exactly the same. "We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them." It's just a bit riskier.3 "It's an educated guess," says my hiring manager client. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. You need to help them identify you as a prospective "key player".4 Trait 1: The selfless collaboratorJohn Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. "It's teamwork," says Fetzer" The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. You just can't succeed in an industry environment without this mindset"5 Many peptides and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent- researcher role and outshining other young stars. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal—and documenting the results on your resume. This approach, combined with a liberal use of the pronoun "we" and not just "I" when describing your accomplishments, can change the company's perception of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator. Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations—and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.6 Trait 2: A sense of urgencyDon Haut is a frequent contributor to the aas.sciencecareers. org discussion forum. He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position. Haut heads strategy and business development for a division of 3M with more than $2.4 billion in annual revenues. He is among those who value a sense of urgency.7 "Business happens 24/7/365 which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well," says Haut. "One way that companies win is by getting 'there' faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where 'there' is! This creates a requirement not only forpeople who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management."8 Trait 3: Risk toleranceBeing OK with risk is something that industry demands. "A candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with imperfect or incomplete information. He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion," wrote one of my clients in a job description.9 Haut agrees. "Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk- personal, organizational, and financial. This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research. Further, great science is often defined by how one gets to the answer as much as by the answer itself, so scientists often fall in love with the process. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. Putting your neck on the line like this is a skill set that all employers look for in their best people."10 Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate's degree of comfort with failure. Failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances. So companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it. Everyone knows how to talk about successes—or they should if they're in a job search—but far fewer people are comfortable talking about failures, and fewer still know how to bring lessons and advantages back from the brink. "For my organization, a candidate needs to have comfort discussing his or her failures, and he or she needs to have real failures, not something made up for interview day. If not, that person has not taken enough risk." says Haut.11 Trait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationshipsRick Leach is in business development for deCODE Genetics. Leach made the transition to industry recently, on the business side of things'". I asked him about this key trait because in his new business role, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure. "Scientists spend their lives accumulating knowledge and developing technical acumen," he says, "but working for a business requires something else entirely—people skills. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition fora person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things," says Rick.12 It would be a mistake, however, to assume that strong people skills are required only for business people like Leach. Indeed, the key players I've met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because they've been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.CULINARY DELIGHTS IN CHINA1 Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world. Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before. A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants, while today there are over 100,000 restaurants o f different sizes in the city.2 Regional Chinese CuisinesIt is widely acknowledged that from the Ming (1368-1644) dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of Chinese based op regional cooking. They came from Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces. In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes, as almost every place has its own local specialties, and as the different cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.3 Sichuan, known as Nature's Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. Here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare. The ingredients for Sichuan cuisine are simple but the spices used are quite different. Sichuan cuisine is famous for its spicy and hot food, yet just being hot and spicy does not necessarily , distinguish it from other hot and spicy cuisines such as Hunan or Guizhou cuisines. What is really special about Sichuan cuisine is the use of Chinese prickly ash seeds, the taste of which leaves a feeling of numbness on one's tongue and mouth. Besides this unique spice, Sichuan dishes are usually prepared with other spices such as chili pepper. Using fermented bean sauce and a set of unique cooking methods. Sichuan cuisine is now famous and popular across the world. In recent years, there have appeared many more renowned restaurants specializing in Sichuan cuisine, such as the Tan Family Fish Head restaurant.4 Guangdong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round. As one of the earliest ports open to foreign trade, the province has developed a culinary culture with its own characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other parts of China as well as throughout the world where it is the most commonly available Chinese cuisine. Guangdong cuisine is famous for its seafood as well as for its originality and refined cooking processes. Various soups in this cuisine are loved by people all over the country.5 Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as in other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.6 Every Dish Has a StoryThe names of Chinese dishes are diverse, but behind each of the famous dishes is an interesting story explaining why it is popular. A good name can make the dish more interesting; however, some names are so eccentric that they may confuse people, both Chinese and foreigners. If you only translate the names literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourself.7 Take Goubuli steamed buns in the city of Tianjin for example. These popular buns are all of the same size and handmade. When served in neat rows on a tray, they look like budding chrysanthemum flowers. The wrapping is thin, the fillings are juicy, the meat, tender and the taste delicious and not at all greasy. Then, why the name?8 There is an interesting story behind it. Goubuli steamed buns were first sold in Tianjin out 150 years ago. A local man by the name of Gouzi (Dog) worked as an apprentice in a shop selling baozi (steamed buns). After three years, he set up his own baozi shop. Because his buns were so delicious, he soon had a thriving business with more and more people coming to buy his buns. As hardworking as Gouzi was, he could not keep up with demand so his customers often had to wait a long time to be served. Impatient, some people would call out to urge him on, but as he was so busy preparing the buns, he didn't answer. People therefore came to call his buns Goubuli, meaning "Gouzi pays no attention." This eccentric name, however, has had very good promotional effects, and has been used ever since. Goubuli is now a time-cherished brand name in Tianjin.9 In Zhejiang cuisine, there is a well-known dish called Dongpo Meat. This dish of streaky pork is prepared over a slow fire where the big chunks of pork are braised with green onion, ginger cooking wine, soy sauce, and sugar. The finished dish is bright red in color and the meat is tender and juicy and, like the Goubuli buns, not at all greasy. This dish was named after Su Dongpo (1037-1101), a great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), who created it when he was an official in Hangzhou. It is said that, when he was in charge of the drainage work for the West Lake, Su Dongpo rewarded workers with stewed pork in soy sauce, and people later named it Dongpo Meat, to commemorate this gifted and generous poet.10 Fujian cuisine boasts a famous dish called Buddha Jumping over the Wall, the number one dish of the province. This dish is prepared with more than 20 main ingredients including chicken, duck, sea cucumber, dried scallop, tendon, shark lip, fish maw and ham. All these ingredients are placed into a ceramic pot, with cooking wine and chicken broth, and then cooked over a slow fire until the meat is tender and juicy and the soup becomes smooth and thick. Then it is served with more than a dozen garnishes such as mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots and pigeon eggs. It is famous for leaving a lingering aftertaste in the mouth. The story behind the name of the specialty goes as follows:11 Buddha Jumping over the Wall was created in a restaurant called Gathering Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Guangxu (1875-1908). It was named Eight Treasures Stewed in a Pot and the name was later changed to blessing and Longevity. One day, several scholars carne to Gathering Spring Garden for a meal. When the dish was served, one of the scholars improvised a poem: "Fragrance spreads tothe neighborhood once the lid lifts, / One whiff and the Buddha Jumps the wall, abandoning the Zen precepts” Hence the name of the dish!12 Warmth and Hospitality Expressed by FoodIn the eyes of Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a warm atmosphere. Often the young and old still sit in order of seniority, and the elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. Chinese people like to create a lively, warm, and harmonious atmosphere during meals.13 A hostess or host in China will apportion the best parts of the dishes to guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he places the best part of a steamed fish or the most tender piece of meat on the plate of the most important guest. Such a custom is still popular, especially among the elder generation, as a way of expressing respect, concern and hospitality.14 Such culinary customs have had a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people. In a. sense, it has strengthened the collective spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show humility and concern for others.15 In China, food eaten during festivals is particularly important. At different festivals, people partake of different fare. For example, on the eve of the Spring Festival, people in the north always eat. jiaozi, meat and vegetable dumplings, at family reunions. This is a way of bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the New Year. The Lantern Festival is a day of celebration, and on this day people like to eat yuanxiao, sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour, to symbolize family reunion and perfection. At the Duanwu Festival, people eat zongzi, glutinous rice wrapped in triangular shape in reed leaves, to commemorate the beloved poet Qu Yuan (c.1339-c. 278 BC), who drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically wronged. Legend has it that people at the time threw zongzi into the river in the hope that the dragon would not take him away. This later gradually developed into a custom of making and eating zongzi during the Duanwu Festival.Leisure without literature is death and burial alive.—Seneca, Roman philosopherWHY HARRY'S HOT?1 J. K. Rowling swears she never saw it coming. In her wildest dreams, she didn't think her Harry Potter books would appeal to more than a handful of readers. "I never expected a lot of people to like them," she insisted in a recent interview. "Well, it turned out I was very wrong, obviously. It strikes a chord with an enormous number of people." That's putting it mildly. With 35 million copies in print, in 35 languages, the first three Harry Potter books have earned a conservatively estimated $480 million in three years. And that was just the warm-up. With a first printing of 5.3 million copies and advance orders topping 1.8 million, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the fourth installment of the series, promises to break every bookselling record. Jack Morrissey, 12, plainly speaks for a generation of readers when he says, "The Harry Potter books are like life, but better."2 Amazingly, Rowling keeps her several plotlines clear of each other until the end, when he deftly brings everything together in a cataclysmic conclusion. For pure narrative power, this is the best Potter book yet.3 When the book finally went on sale at 12:01 am. Saturday, thousands of children in Britain and North America rushed to claim their copies. Bookstores hosted pajama parties, hired magicians and served cookies and punch, but nobody needed to lift the spirits o f these crowds. In one case, customers made such a big, happy noise that neighbors called the cops. At a Borders in Charlotte, N.C., Erin Rankin, 12, quickly thumbed to the back as soon as she got her copy. “I heard that a_ major character dies, and I really want to find out who," she said. But minutes later she gave up. “I just can't do it. I can't read the end first."4 The only sour note in all the songs of joy over this phenomenon has come from some parents and conservative religious leaders who say Rowling advocates witchcraft. reading of the books has been challenged in 25 school districts in at least 17 states, and the books have been banned in schools in Kansas and Colorado. But that's nothing new, says Michael Patrick Hearn, a children's book scholar and editor of The Annotated Wizard, of Oz. "Any kind of magic is considered evil by some people," he says. "The Wizard of Oz was attacked by fundamentalists in the mid-1980s."5 But perhaps the most curious thing about the Potter phenomenon, especially given that it is all about books, is that almost no one has taken the time to say how good— or bad—these books are. The other day my 11-year-old daughter asked me if I thought Harry Potter was a classic. I gave her, I'm afraid, one of those adult-sounding answers when I said, "Time will tell." This was not an outright lie. There's no telling which books will survive from one generation to the next. But the fact is, I was hedging. What my daughter really wanted to know was how well J. K. Rowling stacks up against the likes of Robert Louis Stevenson or Madeleine L'Engle.6 I could have told her that I thought they were beautifully crafted works of entertainment, the literary equivalent of Steven Spielberg. I could also have told her I thought the Potter books were derivative. They share so many elements with so many children's classics that sometimes it seems as though Rowling had assembled her novels from a kit. However, these novels amount to, much more than just the sum of their parts. The crucial aspect of their appeal is that they can be read by children and adults with equal pleasure. Only the best authors—and they can be as different as Dr. Seuss and Philip Pullman" and, yes, J.|K. Rowling—can pull that off.7 P. L. Travers, the author of the Mary Poppins books, put it best when she wrote, "You do not chop off a section of your imaginative substance and make a book specifically for children, for—if you are honest— you have, in fact, no idea where childhood ends and maturity begins. It is all endless and all one. There is plenty for children and adults to enjoy in Rowling's books, starting with their language. Her prose may be unadorned, but her way with naming people and things reveals a quirky and original talent.8 The best writers remember what it is like to be a child with astonishing intensity. Time and again, Rowling articulates just how defenseless even the bravest children often feel.Near the end of the second book Dumbledore, the wise and protective headmaster, is banished from Hogwarts. This terrifies Harry and his schoolmates—"With Dumbledore gone, fear had spread as never before"—and it terrified me. And in all of Rowling's books there runs an undercurrent of sadness and loss. In the first book the orphaned Harry stares into the Mirror of Erised, which shows the viewer his or her utmost desires. Harry sees his dead parents. "Not until I'd reread what I'd written did I realize that that had been taken entirely- entirely- from how I felt about my mother's death," Rowling said. "In fact, death and bereavement and what death means, I would say, is one of the central themes in all seven books." Do young readers pick up on all this deep intellectualism? Consciously, perhaps not. But I don't think the books would have their broad appeal if they were only exciting tales of magical adventure, and I know adults would not find them so enticing.9 The Harry Potter books aren't perfect. What I miss most in these novels is the presence of a great villain. And by great villain I mean an interesting villain. Long. John Silver is doubly frightening because he is both evil and charming. If he were all Bad, he wouldn't frighten us half as much. Voldemort is resistible precisely because he is just bad to the bone. That said, I should add that in the new book Rowling outdoes herself with a bad guy so seductive you'll never see him coming. And he is scary.10 That quibble aside, Rowling’s novels are probably the best books children have ever encountered that haven't been thrust upon them by an adult. I envy kids reading these books, because there was nothing this good when I was a boy-nothing this good, I mean, that we found on our own, the way kids are finding Harry. We affectionately remember The Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew, but try rereading them and their charm fades away pretty quickly. Rowling may not be as magisterial as Tolkien or as quirky as Dahl, but her books introduce fledgling readers to a very high standard of entertainment. With three books left to go in the series, it's too early to pass final judgment. But considering what we've seen so far, especially in the latest volume, Harry Potter has all the earmarks of a classic.The following text is extracted from Marriages and Families by Nijole V. Benokraitis. The book has been used as a textbook for sociology courses and women's studies in a number of universities in the United States. It highlights important contemporary changes in society and the family and explores the choices that are available to family members, as well as the constraints that many of us do not recognize. It examines the diversity of American families today, using cross-cultural and multicultural comparisons to encourage creative thinking about the many critical issues that confront the family of the twenty-first century.LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPSNijole V. Benokraitis1 Love- as both an emotion and a behavior- is essential for human survival- The family is usually our earliest and most important source of love and emotional support. Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems- for example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic andpsychosomatic difficulties- that sometimes last a lifetime. In contrast, infants who are loved and cuddled typically gain more weight, cry less, and smile more. By five years of age, they have been found to have significantly higher IQs and to score higher on language tests.2 Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that people's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems.3 Love for oneself, or self-love, is also essential for our social and emotional development. Actress Mae West once said, "I never loved another person the way I loved myself." Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it's actually quite insightful Social scientists describe self-love as an important oasis for self- esteem. Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others. Fromm (1956) saw self-love as a necessary prerequisite for loving others. People who don't like themselves may not be able to return love but may constancy seek love relationships to bolster their own poor self-images. But just what is love? What brings people together?4 Love is an elusive concept. We have all experienced love and feel we know what it is; however, when asked what love is, people give a variety of answers. According to a nine- year-old boy, for example, "Love is like an avalanche where you have to run for your life." What we mean by love depends on whether we are talking about love for family members, friends, or lovers. Love has been a source of inspiration, wry witticisms, and even political action for many centuries.5 Love has many dimensions. It can be romantic, exciting, obsessive, and irrational- It can also be platonic, calming, altruistic, and sensible? Many researchers feel that love defies a single definition because it varies in degree and intensity and across social contexts. At the very least, three elements are necessary for a lovingrelationship: (1) a willingness to please and accommodate the other person, even if this involves compromise and sacrifice; (2) an acceptance of the other person's faults and shortcomings; and (3) as much concern about the loved one's welfare as one's own. And, people who say they are "in love" emphasize caring, intimacy, and commitment.6 In any type of love, caring about the other person is essential. Although love may, involve passionate yearning, respect is a more important quality. Respect is inherent inall love: "I want the loved person to grow and unfold for his own sake, and in his own ways, and not for the purpose of serving me." If respect and caring are missing, the relationship is not based on love. Instead, it is an unhealthy or possessive dependency that limits the lovers' social, emotional, and intellectual growth.7 Love, especially long-term love, has nothing in common with the images of loveor .frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood, television, and romance novels. Because ofthese images, many people believe a variety of myths about love. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectations, stereotypes, and disillusionment. In fact, "real" love is closer to what one author called "stirring-the-oatmeal love" (Johnson 1985). This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling but is relatively mundane and unromantic. It means paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby, and performing myriad other ' oatmeal" tasks that are not very sexy.8 Some partners take turns stirring the oatmeal. Other people seek relationships that offer candlelit gourmet meals in a romantic setting. Whether we decide to enter a serious relationship or not, what type of love brings people together?9 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partnereligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.10 Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic liaisons by selecting certain neighborhoods and schools. In early adolescence, pear norms influence the adolescent's decisions about acceptable romantic involvements ("You want to date who?!"). Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape romantic experience. Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic borders, criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom. One might "lust" for someone, but these yearnings will not lead most of us to "fall in love" if there are strong cultural or group bans.11 Regan and Berscheid (1999) differentiate between lust, desire, and romantic love. They describe lust as primarily physical rather than emotional, a condition that maybe conscious or unconscious. Desire, in contrast, is a psychological in which onewants a relationship that one doesn't now have, or to engage in an activity in whichone is not presently engaged. Desire may or may not lead to romantic love (whichthe authors equate with passionate or erotic low). Regan and Berscheid suggest that desire is an essential ingredient for initiating and maintaining romantic love. If desire disappears, a person is no longer said to be in a state of romantic love. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the "spark" in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully (and longingly) about "the good old days".12 One should not conclude, however, that desire always culminates in physical intimacy or that desire is the same as romantic love. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never, engage in physical intimacy. In addition, there are some notable differences between love- especially long-term love- and romantic love. Healthy loving relationships, whether physical or not (such as love for family members), reflect a balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.。
研究生英语综合教程课件与课后答案Unit 1
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Starting out
Task 3
Read the following two pieces of parental advice on page 3 and discuss with your partner which one you would follow.. Nhomakorabea9
Starting out—Task 3
1. The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 42 age bracket in May was 14.7%, five tenths percentage points lower than the national rate .
2. According to NACE, employment situation in 2007 was more optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and with a higher starting pay than in this year.
2. We don’t care what you set out to study; just make sure it’s something you enjoy.
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Starting out
Job market in US This year’s college graduates in US are faced with a hard test of job market . Listen carefully to a report on the high unemployment rate for American youth this summer and do the following exercise:
新发展研究生英语一 Unit1.text Book 1
Unit1Human ReflectionsMarriage is an institution in which a man loses his Bachelor’s degree and woman gets her Master’s.婚姻是一座学校, 男人会失去单身汉的地位, 而女人会获得征服者的地位.---Socrates, Greek philosopher Men marry because they are tired, women because they are curious, both are disappointed.男人结婚, 因为他们厌倦了,女人结婚, 因为她们好奇, 结果两人都大失所望.---Oscar Wilde, British writerPre-reading Activities1.Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.It takes only a minute to get a __________(1) on someone, an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone. But it takes a ___________(2) to forget someone. Don’t go for looks; they can __________ (3). Don’t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you __________(4) Because it only takes a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Find the one that makes your heart smile. Maybe God wants us to meet a few __________(5) people before meeting the right one. So that when we finally meet the right person, we will know how to be ___________ (6) for the gift. It’s true that we don’t know what we’ve got until we lose it, but it’s also true that we don’t know what we’ve been missing until it ___________ (7).Giving someone all your love will not provide ___________ (8) that they will love you back. Don’t expect love in _________(9): just wait for it to grow in their hearts. But it doesn’t, be ___________ (10).It grew in yours.Why Marriages failAnne Roiphe is an American feminist author known for such novels as Up the Sandbox and Lovingkindness. Her work is noteworthy for its examination of the conflict between the desire for family and relationship and that for career and self-determination.1These days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth. “ Happily ever after”and “Till death us do part” are expressions that seem on the way to becoming obsolete. Why has it become so hard for couples to stay together? What goes wrong? What has happened to us that close to one half of all marriages are destined for the divorce courts? How could we have created a society in which 42 percent of our children will grow up in single-parent homes? If statistics could only measure loneliness, regret, pain , lose of self-confidence, and fear of the future, the numbers would be beyond quantifying.2 Even though each broken marriage is unique, we can still find common perils,common cause of marital despair. Each marriage has a crisis point and each marriage tests endurance, the capacity for both intimacy and change. Outsidepressures such as job loss, illness, infertility, trouble with a child, care of aging parents, and all the other plagues of life hit marriages the way hurricanes blast our shores. Some marriages survive these storms, and others don’t. Marriages fail , however, not simply because of the outside weather but because the inner climate becomes too hot or too cold, too turbulent or too stupefying.3 When we look at how we choose our partners and what expectations exist at the tender beginning of romance, some of the reasons for the disaster become quite clear. We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who will recreate with us the emotional pattern of our first homes. Dr. Cart A. Whitaker, a marital therapist and emeritus professor of psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin, explains, “From early childhood on, each of us carried models for marriage, femininity,masculinity, motherhood, father hood and all the other family roles. “ Each of us falls in love with a mate who has qualities of our parents, who will help us rediscover both the psychological happiness and miseries of our past lives. We may think we have found a man unlike Dad, but the he turns to drink or drugs, or lose his job over and over again, or sits silently in front of the TV just the way Dad did. A man many choose a woman who doesn’t like kids just like his mother, or who gambles ways the family saving just like his mother, or he may choose a slender wife who seems unlike his obese mother but hen turns out to have other addictions that destroy their mutual happiness.4 A man and a woman bring to their marriage bed a blended concoction of conscious and unconscious memories of their parents’ lives together. The human way is to compulsively repeat and recreate the patterns of the past. Sigmund Freud so well described the unhappy design that many of us get trapped in: the unmet needs of childhood, the angry feelings left over from frustration of long ago, the limits of trust, and the reoccurrence of old fears. Once an individual senses this entrapment, there may follow a yearning to escape, and the result could be a broken, splintered marriage.5 Of course people can overcome the habits and attitudes that developed in childhood. We all have hidden strengths and amazing capacities for growth and creative change. Change, however, requires work---observing your part in a rotten pattern, bringing difficulties out into the open--- and work runs counter to the basic myth of marriage: “When I wed this person all my problems will be over. I will have achieved success and I will become the center of life for this other person and this person will be my center, and we will mean everything to each other forever.” This myth, which every marriage relies on, is soon exposed. The coming of children, the pull and tugs of their demands on affection and time, place a considerable strain on that basic myth of meaning everything to each other, ofmerging together and solving all of life’s problems.6 Concern and tension about money take each partner away from the other. Obligations to demanding parents or still-depended-upon parents create further strain. Couples today must also deal with all the cultural changes brought on in recent years by the women’s movement and the sexual revolution. The altering of roles and the shifting of responsibilities have been extremely trying for many marriages.7 These and other realities of life erode the visions of marital bless the way sandstorms eat at rock and the ocean nibbles away at the dunes. Those euphoric, grand feelings that accompany romantic love are really self-delusions, self-hypnotic dreams that enable us to forge a relationship. Real life, failure at work, disappointments, exhaustion, bad smells, bad colds and hard times all puncture the dream and leave us stranded with our mate, with our childhood patterns pushing us this way and that, and with our unfulfilled expectations.8 The struggle to survive in marriage requires adaptability, flexibility, genuine love and kindness, and an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling. Many marriages fall apart because either partner cannot imagine what the other wants or cannot communicated what he or she needs or feels. Anger builds until it erupts into a volcanic burst that buries the marriage in ash.9 If we sense from our mate a need for too much intimacy, we tend to push him or her away, fearing that we may lose our identities in the merging of marriage. One partner may suffocate the other partner in a childlike dependency. A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn’t easy. Richard gives up his interest in carpentry because his wife, Helen, is jealous of the time he spends away from her. Karen quite the choir group because her husband dislikes the friends she makes there. Each pair clings to each other and is angry with each other as life closes in on them. This kind of marital balance is easily thrown as one or the other pulls away and divorce follows.10 Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one’s fantasies, some of one’s legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. “While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds, “says Dr. Whitaker. Marriage requires sexual, financial, and emotional discipline. A man and a womancannot follow every impulse, cannot allow themselves to stop growing or changing.11 Divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be, despite its initial devastation, like the first cut of the surgeon’s knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partner can stay past the breaking-up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.NotesDr. Cart A. Whitaker: A pioneer therapist and emeritus professor of psychiatry at University of Wisconsin.University of Wisconsin: A famous university in the state of Wisconsin, founder in 1848. It is one of the most excellent public universities in America and is recognized as national leader in teaching and research excellence.Sigmund Freud(1856-1939): An Austrian psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis of curing psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. The Interpretation of Dreams is one of his best-know works.New Wordsobsolete a. no longer used; out of date 过时的; 废弃的peril n. serous danger(esp, of death) 严重危险(尤指死亡的) infertility n. the state of being unable to produce offspring; barrenness不孕症,贫瘠marital a. of a husband or wife; of marriage 婚姻的turbulent a. in a state of commotion or unrest; disturbed 不安宁的; 动荡的stupefying a. dull or senseless 神志不清的; 失去知觉的; 麻木不仁的therapist n. specialist in a particular type of therapy 治疗专家emeritus a. ( of a university teacher, esp. a professor) retired, but keeping his title as an honor (指大学教师, 尤指教授) 退休而保留头衔的,荣誉的femininity n. properties characteristic of the female sex 女性气质masculinity n. properties characteristic of the male sex男性气质obese a. ( of people) very fat 过度肥胖的concoction n. a combination of various ingredients 混合reoccurrence n. rehappening (事情的) 再次发生entrapment n. being caught in a trap 陷入圈套;诱捕yearning n. strong desire; tender loving 渴望, 热望splintered a. breaking into pieces 裂成碎片的merge v. come together and combine 合并erode v. destroy or wear (sth) away gradually 侵蚀, 腐蚀nibble v . take tiny bites of sth. 小口咬某物dune n. mound of loose dry sand formed by the wind 沙丘euphoric a. happy and excited 愉快的, 兴奋的self-delusion n. the act of deceiving oneself, or the state of being so deceived自欺self-hypnotic a. of or producing a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion or a similar condition to oneself.自我催眠的strand v. leave in difficulties 陷入困境unfulfilled a. not completed or achieved: dissatisfied未实现的; 未得到满足的erupt v. break out suddenly and violently 突然发生volcanic a. (似)火山的, 来自火山的shackle v. prevent sb. From acting or speaking freely 束缚(某人) salvation n. saving of a person’s soul form sin and its consequences; the state of being saved in this way 拯救, 超度devastation n. the state of being destroyed 毁灭imperfection n. a fault of defect 不完美wondrous a. wonderful 令人惊奇的; 意想不到的; 极好的Useful Expressionbe destined for have a future which has been decided or plannedbeforehand 命中注定, 注定; 预定gamble away lose sth. by gambling 赌博输掉counter to in the opposite direction to sth; in opposition to sth与某事物的方向相反bring on cause sth. ( usu. Unpleasant) to happen to oneself/sb.else 使(通常为不愉快的) 某事发生在自己(别人)身上fall apart break; fall to pieces; disintegrate 破裂, 破碎:散开be jealous of be envious of 嫉妒的;羡慕的cling to hold on tightly to sb./sth.紧抓住close in on surround or envelop sb./sth 围绕或笼罩ExercisesText ComprehensionRead the text and answer the following questions.1.How to you understand the two expressions “ Happily ever after” and “ Tilldeath us do part” in paragraph 1?2.What do broken marriages have in common?3.In this text, Dr. Whitaker says, “ From early childhood on, each of us carriedmodels for marriage, femininity, masculinity, motherhood, fatherhood and all the other family roles.” How do you understand his words?4.According to Sigmund Freud, what leads to a broken, splintered marriages?5.What is the myth on which every marriage relies according to the text?6.What are listed as the trying cause of broken marriages?7.What does the author mean by saying “The struggle to survive in marriagerequires an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling”in paragraph 8?8.What do you learn from the stories of Richard and Karen in paragraph 9?9.According to paragraph 10, what is necessary for marriage success?10.What is the author’s attitude towards divorce according to the last paragraph? VocabularyPart A Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessarywondrous peril emeritus yearning erode nibblestrand erupt shackle salvation devastation imperfection1. During the Gulf War, the Chinese Embassy helped Taiwanese labor servicepersonnel _____________ in Kuwait pull out of dangerous places safely.2. G.. Wilson Knight, ________ Professor at the University of Leeds, has had along and prolific career as a critic.3. While conventional wisdom holds that conflicts in a relationship slowly_______ the bonds that hold partners together, couples who are happy in the long term turn out to have plenty of conflicts, too.4. She let her joyous eyes rest upon him without speaking, as upon some_________ thing she had created out of chaos.5. She drew him toward her with all her might, seeking to know him in thedepths of his heart, with a(n) _________________ to lose herself in him.6. Many Americans have misunderstanding about China, believing it’s a closedcountry and that the people’s thinking is _________ .7. Government loans have been the _________ of several shaky businesscompanies.8. Her teeth having all dropped out, Granny Li could only _______ away at her food.9. If you aim at __________, there are some chances of your getting it; whereasif you aim at perfection, there is none.10. Some of his peer were convinced that the early stage of the illness manifestedthemselves in graduate school, but the full-blown symptoms did not __________ until he was 50.Part B. Choose the word or phrase that is closed in meaning to the italicized part of each sentence.1.It is becoming increasingly clear that an many as 80 percent of people who areobese are predisposed genetically.A thin B. fat C. crazy D lazy2. The IT industry is developing so fast that an advanced computer program today may be obsolete next week.A. desiredB. qualifiedC. outdatedD. frightened3. In such dry weather, if a forest fire cannot be extinguished, devastation is sure to ensure.A. destructionB. salvationC. associationD. communication4. I should like to put forward a proposal: merge the two firms into a big one.A. interrelateB. associateC. defineD. combine5. Utilization of the land which leaves it in an infertile condition is consideredpollution.A. sterileB. richC. productiveD. destructive6. Don’t cling to your old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwiseyou will always lag behind others.A. put forward toB. hold on toC. run toD. put up with7. In modern society, the world’s transport systems would fall apart without a s supply of electricity.A. come upB. step upC. split upD. warm up8. Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage---Iwas expected to be an actor.A. fated to beB. up to beC. made up forD. derived from9. We don’t think he is a dependable person because he acted counter to hispromise.A. similar toB. according toC. up toD. contrary to10. In order to finish the task in time, he was out in the rain all and this broughton a bad cold.A. resulted fromB. resulted inC. brought upD. gave upClozeRead the following passage carefully and choose the best word or phrase given below to fill in each blank. Change the form where necessarytend strand tough bored conduct fulfillingaffiliate reveal pressure condition ranging valid.A recent survey of women in 20 large and medium-sized cities across the country revealed that about half of the respondents were happy with their marriages and relationships, while nearly 30 percent said they were _________(1) and 3.4 percent they were in agony. 3 percent said they were worried about their relationships and 12 percent said they did not know how to describe their mixed feelings. The Huakun Women Survey Center, an ___________ (2) of the All-China Women’s Federation, ____________ (3) the survey of 2000 women aged between 20 and 60 at the end of last year. Altogether 1955 ________ (4) questionnaires were collected. The average age of the surveyed women was 35, and 70 percent were married. About 57 percent of the respondents had monthly incomes ________ (5) from 1000 yuan to 3000 yuan. Women in Shanghai seemed to have the most __________ (6) love lives, with more than 70 percent saying they felt happy. They were followed by women in Beijing, Qingdao, Ningbo and Tianjin in terms of fulfillment. The survey also _______ (7) that marriages _______ (8) to get less happy the longer they lasted. _________ (9) from work, problems with their children’s education and _________ (10) personal relationships were the main causes of tension, according to the results of survey.11。
研究生英语系列教材上unit原文翻译
T R A I T S O F T H E K E Y P L A Y E R S核心员工的特征What exactly is a key play？核心员工究竟是什么样子的?A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every searchI've conducted.几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。
“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said.在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“Key players are essential to my organization.“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just:当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
研究生英语综合教程Unit1
Unit 1 Romantic LovePart I Before Reading Activities1.Look at the pictures below and in English tell a love story that is to happen in the fall.Girl Boy Recalling Missing Dancing Praying2.Consult your parents and senior relatives about the dowry in different periods since 1960s, and then make a comparison with what you want for your marriage and report it to the class.Like:bicycle in_________Car in _____________House in _____Jewelry in______________Lover watches in ____________Quilts in ______________Sewing machine in___________TV set in ________________Washing machine in ____________Wooden cases in_______________Part II Passage ReadingTextArabella and CupidMary Corrigan1.There couldn't have been a worse place for Arabella to have a puncture right in front of the entrance to the church.2.Geoff looked at the line of smart cars along the Kerb. Arabella looked hopelessly out of place. Her staid lines simply screamed 1952 at the long, sleek late-model cars,and brought forth a ripple of mirth from the by-standers.”Oh,look, Doreen,there;s the bride‟s car,”giggled the woman with the string bag, flourishing her umbrella at Arabella.3.Geoff set about changing the ryre, to the zccompaniment of much urgingand criticism from String Bag,Doree and company. It was hot work, standing in the sun, waiting for the bride to emerge, and they welcomed Geoff‟s plight as the sun, waiting for the bride to emerge, and they welcomed Geoff‟s plight as a sort of curtain raiser to entertain them until the main act came on.Geoff fumed. “Old buzzards,” he muttered. “Nothing else to do with their Saturday afternoons but hang around churches and goggle at brides.4.“Put a bit of elbow grease into it , laddie,”said Doreen. “You don‟t want to hold up the wedding party. You‟re right in the way of the bride‟s car. Oh, look,here it comes.”The black limousine honked its horn behind him. Geoff wished he had stayed in Sydhey until Monday. He coursed the urge to have his first weekend at home in fouryears, which had been responsible for his unofficial arrival in Brisbane three days ahead of time . Why hadn‟t he left Arabella sitting up on her blocks, where she had beenfor the last four years, instead of taking her out on the road?5. “Look, Doreen, here‟s the guard of honour,”shrieked String Bag.She prodded Geoff with her umbrella.”Hurry up,” she said. “the bride will be coming out any minute. You‟d better get this old scrapheap out of the way.”6.Furiously, he worked at the ryre,and, just as he had it pumped up, he was conscious of a flurry of white tulle and confetti at the door of the church.Strin Bag, Doreen and company had Mercifully turned away from him and uniformed guard of honour.7.The bride‟s car renewed its impatient honking.He threw the pump into Arabella and seated himself behind the wheel.He switched on the ignition and heaved a relieved sigh when she responded. He let in the clutch. Nothing happened. Arabella …s rear wheels were spinning in the air. He had forgotten to let down the jack!By this time,the bride and groom were at the kerb, surrounded by the guard of honour, who hooted with delight at the sight of Arabella with her tail in the air,and the unhappy Geoff----a sorry picture of grease and dust in an old T-shirt.One of them helpfully let down the jack while another held Arabella‟s backdoor wide open.It all happened too quickly for Geoff. With a stately mock solemnity, the bride and groom entered Arabella, whose embarrassed chug-chugging was drowned in the raucous mirth of the guard of honour.9.Geoff began to see the humour of the situation. With a grin he raised and enquiring eyebrow at the groom.“Forward, James,”said the bridegroom. “To The Golden Bow by the longest possible route. The guests must arrive there before us.”Arabella jerked forward.The bride and groom rocked with laughter as the rest of the wedding party gave them a rousing, cheer. In the rear-vision mirror Geoff caught a glimpse of the limousine driver,scratching his head in puzzlement.10.“wouldn‟t it be the stunt of the year,”said the bridegroom. “not to turn up at Golden?”“Oh Bill,”giggled the bride. “don‟t be awful.”“No seriously, Jessie, you and I and ---what‟s your name, old boy?”“Call me Geoff.”“...you and I and Geoffhere ought to celebrate with a burger. I‟m starving.Do you like burgers, Geoff?”Love them, said Bill, “what could be better? A short stop at a burger bar and on to surfers Paradise. No wedding reception, no speeches.How does that appeal to you,Geoff?”“There‟s just one thing,”said Geoff. “Arabella hasn‟t enough petrol to get to The Golden Bowl, let alone Surfers. Your car is still following us. Perhaps you‟d better change over.”“Oh, no, Geoff,” said Jessie. “We‟ll buy some petrol, won‟t we ,Bill?”“What do we use for money?Roger has my wallet. That‟s what the best man is for.”“That seems to settle it, then,”said Geoff, regretfully. “I haven‟t a bean.You‟ll have to change cars...unless...”“Unless what?:“Well, I live just around this corner. We could go home and syphon some petrol out of my dad‟s car.”“Good of you, Geoff! Give Arabella her head for home.”13.To say that Mrs Bayliss was astonished would be putting it mildly. Looking up from her gardening, she blinked at the spectacle of Geoff coming the from path, followed by a vision of radiance in lace and tulle and an impeccably dressed airman in the uniform of a pilot officer.14.“You‟re not seeing things,mum,”said Geoff. “meet Jessie and Bill.They‟ve just been married. Arabella‟s out of juice, and we‟re going to syphon some petrol out of the Jaguar.”Mrs Bayliss had one answer for all situations:”What about a cup of tea?”She said serenely.15.Geoff gave her a broad wink as he and Bill went off to attend to the petrol.Jessie followed her into the kitchen and sat on the edge of the table in her finery while Mrs. Bayliss made the tea.By the time the men reappeared, Jessie had told her the story of Arabella‟s mishap in front of the church and how Geoff had come to be chauffeur to a pair of complete strangers.16.”Now Geoff, get into your good clothes, “said Bill. “You‟re coming to our wedding breakfast.”Geoff protested, but weakly, knowing all the time that he was going to see this crazy joke through. The whole unorthodox procedure appealed to him.Time enough to be serious on Monday, when he would be taking on his new job, with all the dignity it would demand He changed into his only suit, an old grey one, and in no time they were chugging off again in Arabella.17.They arrived at Te Golden Bowl just as the guests were beginning to wonder what had become of the happy couple. The wedding breakfast was a light-hearted affair, with the bride and groom demanding that Geoff sit between them.18.However,he declined. Geoff was a man of quick decisions and during the general introductions--”Janice, meet Geoff”--he suddenly knew why the whole thing had happened. He might have expected it. Arabella had always had a way of taking thingsinto her own hands, and this was how she decreed that he would find the ideal he had carried around in his heart ever since he could remember .19.So it was that, declining the invitation to sit between the bride and groom, he seated himself next to the chief bridesmaid and made no attempt to conceal his adoration.By the time the toasts were beginning, he knew he would never let her out of his sight.“Do you believe in love at first sight?” he whispered.Janice‟s eyes were shining when she said softly, “Yes, I believe I do.”20.THe chairman was saying,”And now I would like to call on a distinguished guest to say a few words. It is a surprise to see him among the guests, as I did not expect him to arrive in Brisbane until Monday. I refer, of course, to the newly appointed Commanding Officer at Amberley, Group Captain Geoffrey Bayliss, DFC.”21.Geoff was as surprised as anyone. In his infatuation with Janice, he had not noticed the presence of his old school mate, Padre Teddy Collins. He rose to his feet, well aware of the looks of shocked apprehension on the faces of Bill and his fellow officers. The prank they had played on the poor inoffensive bloke in the broken-down car had rebounded with a vengeance, when the bloke turned out to be the new boss. 22.Geoff raised his glass. “Long life and prosperity,” he said “to the happy couple.”He looked around the long tables and grinnd disarmingly.There was a spontaneous burst of applause from the young officers, who, in the last few minutes, had experienced surprise apprehension and relief.23.”One more toast,” called Geoff. “I give you a fairy godmother called Arabella, who has her own way of making dreams come true.”He resumed his seat and turned to Janice.24.When Bill and Jessie were driving off in Bill‟s car, Jessie threw her bouquet right into Janice‟s arms.25.“How appropriate,”murmured Geoff. The look in Janice‟s eyes told him all he wanted to know. He took her by the hand. “Come with me,” he said. “I want you to meet Arabella.”Notes1.Arabella looked hopelessly out of place:Geoff‟s car-Arabella-was dwarfed by those beautiful cars that were parked along the kerb of the road ,waiting for the bride and bridegroom and all the other fuests to come out of the church.2.“Old buzzards”:”Buzzard”is a collective noun for all the hawk like birds;in slang it means a greedy and selfish person. In the text here, Geoff uses the phrase to show his anger at those people who are hanging around the church with nothing to do on purpose but just tease him and his old car.3.“You‟re not seeing things, mum,”:You‟re not experiencing an illusion.”see things”, in colloquial English, just means having an illusion. By using this sentence, Geoff is telling his mother although this is really happening before her eyes.4.Wedding breakfast:In the West, after the wedding ceremony, a banquet will be given to entertain all the guests and relatives who attend the wedding ceremony. Whether the banquet is served in the morning or midday, or even in the afternoon, it is all ”wedding breakfast”.New Wordspuncture ['pʌŋ(k)tʃə] n.a small hole in a tyre resulting in an escape of air(轮胎的)刺孔staid [steɪd] adj. （sometime derogative ）(of peple, their appearance, behaviour, tastes, etc) serious, dull and old-fashioned; conservative 古板的，保守的，一本正经的giggle ['gɪg(ə)l]ugh lightly in a nervous, affected, or silly manner(紧张做做地)轻笑；傻笑plight [plaɪt]n.a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation 险境，困境，苦难fume [fjuːm]v. emit gas, smoke, or vapour;feel,show, or express great anger goggle ['gɒg(ə)l] v. Look with wide open eyes, typically in amazement or wonder (多指因惊奇等)瞪大眼睛看goggles ['gɑglz]n.close-fitting glasses with side shields, for protecting the eyes from glare, dust, water, etc.(用以挡光、防尘、放水等的)护目镜honk ['hɒŋk]v.cause(a car horn)to make a harsh sound 按汽车喇叭shriek [ʃriːk]v.utter a high-pitched piercing sound or words,especially as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement(尤指因惊吓、疼痛或兴奋而)尖声叫喊prod [prɒd]v. Poke(someone )with a finger, foot, or pointed object(用手指、脚、尖物)刺，捅heave [hiːv]v.produce(a sigh);lift or haul(a heavy thing )with great effort;(informal )throw (something heavy)发出（叹息）；用力举起（或拉、拖）；（非正式）扔，甩，抛（重物）hoot [huːt]v(of person)make loud sounds of scorn, disapproval, or merriment(人)发出呵呵声（大声表示轻蔑、不赞成或快乐）solemnity [sə'lemnɪtɪ]n.the state or quality of being serious and dignified 庄严；庄重chug [tʃʌg]v.emit a series of regular muffled explosive souds, as of an engine running slowly;(N. Amer. informal)consume(a drink)in large gulps without pausing(如引擎慢慢运转般)作响；（北美，非正式）咕嘟咕嘟的喝jerk [dʒɜːk]v. Move with a sudden movement 猝然一动，猛地一动rock [rɒk]v.cause(someone or something)to move gently to and fro or from side to side;(with reference to a building or region)shake or cause to shake orvibrate, especially because of an impact, earthquake, or explosion 轻轻摇动，是轻轻摆动，使轻轻晃动；（尤指由于撞击、地震或爆炸）（使）（建筑物，地区）剧烈震动；（使）摇晃stunt [stʌnt]n. An action displaying epectacular skill and daring; something unusual done to attract attention惊险动作，绝技；引人瞩目的花招，burger ['bɝ：gɚ]n.a flat round cake of minced beef that is fried or grilled and generally eaten in a bread roll 汉堡包，夹心牛肉饼syphon ['saɪfən]v.draw(a liquid )from one place to another using a pipe or tube which is in the form of upside-down U 通过虹管吸blink [blɪŋk]v.shut and open the eyes quickly 眨眼睛impeccably [im'pekəbli]adv.(of behaviour, performance, or appearance)in accordance with the highest standards of propriety; faultlessly(行为，表演，外表)最佳地，完美地，无瑕疵地serenely [sə'ri:nli]adv. In a calm, peaceful,and untroubled way;tranquilly安详地；宁静地wink [wɪŋk]n.an act of closi ng and opening one eye quickly, typically as a signal眨眼；眨眼示意mishap ['mɪshæp]n.an unlucky accident 不幸事故；灾难unorthodox [ʌn'ɔːθədɒks] adj.contrary to what is usual, traditional, or accepted; not orthodox 非传统的；非正统的；异端的decline [dɪ'klaɪn] v.politely refuse(an invitation or offer);become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease 谢绝，婉言拒绝；变小，减少；下降decree [dɪ'kriː]v.order (something )by an official order issued by a ruler or authority that has the force of law 依法命令infatuation [ɪn,fætʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n;]n.(be infatuated with )being inspired with an intense but short-lied passion or admiration for (被一时强烈的激情或爱慕)冲昏通脑；迷恋prank [præŋk]n. A practical joke or mischievous act 玩笑；恶作剧rebound [rɪ'baʊnd]v.bounce back through the air after hitting a hard surface or object;have an unexpected adverse consequence for (someone, especially the person responsible for it )弹回，跳回；（事件，局势）产生事与愿违的结果disarmingly [dis'a:miŋli]adv.(of manner or behaviour )having the effect of allaying suspicion ofr hostility, especially through charm (尤指通过魅力)（举止，行为）消除疑虑地；消除敌意地resume [rɪ'zjuːm;] v. Begin to do or pursue(something)again after a pause or interruption(中断后)重新开始，继续Useful Expressionsset about sth./doing sth. (no passive)begin (a task); start doing sth. 开始（某工作）；着手（做某事）hang around/about... (informal)be standing about (a place ), doing nothing definite; not move away 无所事事地待在（某处）；荡来荡去put elbow grease into sth. (colloquial )make harder efforts to sth. (口)费力；苦干hold up sb./sth. Obstruct or delay the progress of sb./sth. 阻碍或延误（某人/某事物）pump up inflate(a tyre, etc )by pumping air into it 给（轮胎等）打足气what become of sb./sth. (idiom)what is happening to sb./sth（习语）（某人、某事物）情况如何refer to sb./sth mention or speak of sb./sth.;allude to sb./ sth.提到；说到或涉及（某人或某事物）Proper NamesArabella (人名)阿拉贝拉（原为女孩名，此课中为汽车款式名称）Cupid (人名)丘比特，罗马神话中的爱神，其形象往往为背插双翼、手执弓箭做待发状的男童Geoff (人名)杰夫Doreen (人名)杜林String Bag (人名)网袋女（referring to the woman with the string bag）Sydney (地名)悉尼，澳大利亚新南威尔士州首府，港口城市the guard of honour 仪仗队James (人名)詹姆斯the Golden Bow 金碗（餐厅或俱乐部的名字）Bill (人名)比尔Jessie (人名)杰西Surfers Paradise 冲浪者天堂（俱乐部名）Roger (人名)罗杰the best man 伴郎Mrs，Bayliss (人名)贝里斯太太Jaguar 捷豹牌汽车，时间诶顶级豪华车品牌，历史悠久；2004年3月捷豹汽车正式进入中国市场Janice (人名)贾尼丝Commanding Officer 指挥官Amberley (地名)安柏丽，澳大利亚皇家空军基地，位于昆士兰州布里斯班附近DFC =Distinguished Flying Cross 优异飞行十字勋章，英国及一些英联邦国家为表彰英国皇家空军及英联邦国家空军成员而设立的一种奖章，后来美国也设立了此种军功勋章Padre Teddy Collins (人名)帕德累•特迪•科林斯ExercisesI.After Reading ActivitiesComprehension of the TextRead the text carefully and do the reading comprehension exercises below by choosing a correct answer from the four given choices marked A.,B., B.and D.1.Arabella has been____ for four years before she had a puncture right in front of the entrance to the church.A.outside the churchB.inside the churchC.in her garageD.near Sydney2.When Arabella was ignited again after Geoff‟s amendment to her, she still trmained unmoved because____.A.the jack was heaving the carB.The driven wheel was broken againC.Geoff forgot to let in the clutchD.Geoff didn‟t pump enough air into the tyre3.Arabella was unable to reach Surfers Paradise as the bridegroom ordered for the reason that she was______.A.produced in 1952B.In short of oilC.Fond of burgersD.The stunt of the year4.The bride told Mrs. Bayliss everything except_____.A.What had happened to Arabella in front of the churchB.Why Geoff became their wedding car driverC.where they wanted to go after they left her houseD.Geoff would meet Janice for the first time in his life5.When Geoff was requested to offer a toast to Arabella because _____.A.it was Arabella that was lucky enough to drive the newly married coupleB.It was Arabella‟s contributions that Geoff was appointed Commanding Officer at AmberleyC.It was Arabella that had young officers experience surprise, apprehension and reliefD.It was Arabella‟s broken-down that led to his meeting with JanicePoints for DiscussionBreak into small groups and discuss the following questions. Later the teacher may ask some of you to report the answers of your group to the class.1.If you are asked to write a list of what could be most important elements in pursuingromantic love, what will you write down/ Any Why?2.Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend or fiance/fiancee of husband/wife?Would you p;ease try to tell your classmates something about your personal romance or some romantic anecdotes about yourself?What lesson should they learn from your love story?nguage FocusV ocabularyDo the exercises below by choosing the correct answers from given choices markedA.,B.,C,or D.1.Weiss said he‟s proud of Duchovny for voluntarily seeking help with his sex addition problem, apparently without______from press reports of lawsuits.A.ShriekingB.ProddingC.ScreamingD.Scratching2.Satellites are as vulnerable as they are valuable.America and Russia stopped such anti-satellite tests because both stood to lose:each side‟s eyes-in-the-skies monitored the other‟s nuclear weapons, helping to avoid awful______.A.rippleedyC.SolemnityD.Mishap3.On Sunday, August 8,2006,China and Chad have _____diplomatic relations after the Central African nation agreed to sever ties with Taiwan.A.renewedB.RedecoratedC.ResumedD.Rebounded4.I had a narrow shave yesterday when I had a ____on the motorway, but fortunately I was able to keep the car in control until I could pull over and stop.A.punctureB.TyreC.FractionD.Prank5.Despite broad similarities,food affects everyone‟s brain a little differently. For example, Gibson explained, extroverts are more likely to succumb to the “postlunch dip”----that desire to nap, or____Coffee, mid-afternoon.A.spineB.DeclineC.ChewD.Chug6.You‟ve got the flawless resume, ___-credentials and the perfect look-you are an employer‟s dream candidate,So why is it you‟ve been on the job hunt for almost a year and there are no prospects in sight? Expert says change of attitude might be best approach.A.flawedB.ImpeccableC.StaidD.Novel7.For example anger may provoke violent feelings towards another, but generally people refrain from stabbing each other willy-nilly. Instead they will shout, hit hteir head on the wall or just silently___.A. GiggleB.SpinC.EvadeD.Fume8.Streaking is one of the oldest tricks in the book.Unfortunately, it‟s also a sure-fire way to embarrass yourself for months to come. In the 1970s streaking was a popular______, a display of courage, and a general right of passage for college freshmen.A.winkB.ChauffeurC.PrankD.Philosophy9.The iron entered the princes soul as early as the very first tour of Wales he took with Diana in October 1981. As they worked the rope line together, the side that got Diana went crazy, ____with excitement and calling for “Di Di Di!”The side that got Charles groaned with disappointment. “Oh no !We got HIM.”A.shriekingB.DecreeingC.HonkingD.Howling10.A man was divorced by his wife in 2008 for running across China to support the 2008 Beijing Olympics for which he sold his apartment to finance the run. His wife promised to divorce him if he went ahead with the ____, and so he did.According to him, he was just running to promote the Olympic spirit.A.infatuationB.BouquetC.EthicsD.Stunt11.The diverging performance of investment banks such as Goldman and the retail operations of banks such as Citi is problematic for and administration that wants a strong Wall Street but is also under pressure to tackle the ____of ordinary people.A.plightB.SolemnityC.ApprehensionD.Sensation12.The IMF(International Bank Fund ) said Asia‟s rate of growth could _____to more than 5 per cent in 2010 if the rest of the world economy posted a clear improvement. But Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the IMF‟s managing director, said the outlook for Asia was “very uncertain”.A.hootB.jerkC.reboundD.reject13.Vampire stories are in many ways sex for the squeamish. We don‟t need Raj Persaud to tell us that plunging canines int soft warm necks ,, or driving stakes between ____bosoms, are very basic sexual metaphors.A.chuggingB. flourishingC.fumingD.heaving14.Thett Lambis often cranky like any other 3-year-old toddler, but here‟s one thing that makes him completely different:he has a rare medical condition in which he can‟t sleep a ____.15.Michael Phelps swam into Olympic history yesterday, becoming the athlete to win the most gold medals ever. And he did it swimming blind. A problem with his _____ , however, meant that he swam most of the race without knowing what was going on around him.A.spectaclesB.pranksC.gogglesD.perspectives16.Mr. Persky,48,stood on Park Avenue, handing out resumes to passers_by and wearing a sandwich board that said, “Experienced M.I.T.Grad for Hire.” A couple of young brokers who passed Mr. Persky said they thought his _____ methods would pay off. One said Mr. Persky had a “first mover‟s advantage”.And that “all this press coverage will probably get him a job.”A.unorthodoxB.disarmingC.distinguishedD.staid17.That may be extreme, but many Americans can‟t even talk about sex without_____, squirming or blushing. Let‟s start there. Talk to your kids about sex tonight, with confidence and a straight face. “I‟d prefer you waited to have sex.That means whenever you choose to do it, make sure you use one of these condoms.”A.decliningB.rockingC. gigglingD.blinking18.Joseph Garner of Purdue University and his colleagues in Norway report that the way goldfish respond to pain shows that these animals do experience pain consciously, rather than simply reacting with a reflex-such as when a person recoils after stepping on a tack(____away before he or she is aware of the sensation).A.decreeingB.resumingC.forgingD.jerking19.Will reading in dim light ruin your eyesight?The majority of eye experts believed it was unlikely to do any permanent damage, but it might make you squint, ____more and have trouble focusing.A.referB.blinkC.stareD.prod20.She realized that she felt fear as ____ for this man. As a result, she didn‟t know whether she should accept his proposal for marrying him or not.A.dignityB.solemnityC.infatuationD.accompanimentClozeRead the following passage carefully and choose the best answer given below the passage for each of the blanks.Science Daily(July 13,2009)-University of Denver(DU)researchers find that couples who live together before they are engaged have a higher chance of getting_(1)__than those who wait until they are married to live together,or at least wait until they are engaged.__(2)_____,couples who lived together before engagement and then married,reported a lower satisfaction in their marriages.The research,which appears in the Journal of Family Psychology, was_(3)___by Galena Thoades,senior researcher, Scott Stanley, research professor,and Howard Markman, professor of psychology.“We think that some couples who move in together without a clear_(4)____tomarriage may wind up sliding into marriage partly because they are already (5)____,”Thoades says. “It seems wise to talk about commitment and what living together might mean for the future of the relationship before moving in together,especially because cohabiting likely makes__(6)___harder to break up compared to dating,”Stanley says.The three researchers also studied the reasons__(7)__couples decide to live together.That study, which appeared in the Journal of Family Issues, shows that most couples chose to live together in order to spend more time together. The second most popular reason is convenience, followed by testing the relationship. This is different then__(8)____research that found most people cohabit to test the relationship.“Cohabiting to test a relationship turns out to be associated__(9)____the most problems in relationships,” Thoades says. “Perhaps if a person is feeling a need to test the relationship, he or she already knows some important information about how a relationship may go __(10)___time.”1.A engaged B .split up C.broken up D. Divorced2.A.In addition B. Apart from C. Except for D> Besides that3.A. Carried B. Chugged C. Infatuated D.conductedmitment B. Promise C.slogan D. Motto5.A.engaging B.marrying C. Cohabiting D. Divorcing6.A. that B. divorce C. it D. marriage7.A. which B. why C. that D. it8.A. Unorthodox B. Impeccable C. Previous D.serene9.A.to B. With C in D.into10.A. By B. Beyond C. Upon D.overTranslationA Translate the following into English.性背叛Vs情感不忠莱维和他的同事克里斯滕•凯利邀请了超过400位大学生（四分之三是女性）完成感情联系中依属关系类型的标准评估，并且询问他们什么更痛苦，是情感不忠还是性背叛。
研究生英语课件unit1-PPT精品文档
the familiar trappings of tradition, downright legal. 6. carry sb. away — （usu. passive） cause sb. to lose self-control or be very excited Examples： He was so carried away by fear that he didn’t know what he was saying. When we listen to music we should allow ourselves to be carried away into the musical paradise.
Unit 1 Coping with the Compliment
InMthaeitnextI,dHeaarryoAf lltehneSmTiethxtoffers some
ideas about how to deal with compliments. By his own experiences when receiving a compliment, he asserts that in social intercourse a compliment is much harder to respond to than an insult. In searching for a technique to cope with compliments, he turns to children and the Spanishspeaking people who are said to be the most conversationally adroit on earth, but they are of no help. Finally he concludes that poise is the basis of all graceful social intercourse. So the only sensible response to a compliment is： Thank You.
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 1课文翻译及答案
新编研究生英语教材Unit 1课文翻译及答案Answers for Text A and Text BText A: Why teach research ethics?II word study(1) Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the list above for each blank. Make changes when necessa ry.1.meticulous2. protocol3. albeit4. embroiled5. plagiarism6.efficacy7.adjudicates8. infringement9. incorporated 10. sanctionIII. Cloze1.B2. A3. A4. D5. C6. A7. C8. C9. A 10. C 11.A 12. C 13. B 14. C 15.A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20.C IV. Translation1.学术不端并不是能够简单评价的问题。
其中一个重要问题是，在科学领域里，对于什么样的行为有违伦理规范，应当受到惩罚，仍然模棱两可。
工程，法律，和医学领域对道德行为的定义有明确的书面指导原则。
虽然某些特别复杂的案例会挑战这些原则的底线，但多数原则具有指导意义。
科学研究也并不提供书面的行为准则。
联邦政府和私人机构一直试图阐明学术不端行为的裁定标准，比如一些描述科研不端行为的核心定义，包括编造，篡改和等等。
然而这些行为容易与包含“可疑行为”在内的其他不太确定的类别相互混淆。
这些混淆的定义让学生和教职人员也不是很清楚他们到底承担哪些责任和义务？2.Researchers should tell every participant about all the characteristics and details of the study, though such an act may affect the willingness of subjects. Researchers should also try to answer or explain any question about the experiment from subjects. Frankness and sincerity are supposed to be essential to the relationship between researchers and subjects. When researchers have to hide from or deceive subjects for methodological reasons, they need to have subjects understand the reasons for doing so and try to recover their original relationships.Researchers should respect the subjects’rights and freedom to refuse or terminate their participation in the study at any time. This point is even more salient when researchers have higher power-relationship than subjects. As regards the moral acceptability of experimental procedures and measures, there must be a clear and fair agreement reached by researchers and subjects at the outset in order to clarify each other’s responsibility. Researchers have a responsibility to abide by and comply with the provisions of commitments and obligations in the agreement.译文：Text A为什么要教科研伦理朱迪·E·斯特恩丹妮·艾略特1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)Unit 1
Starting out—Task 2
Suggested judgment:
To make another hopping is the right choice. As a matter of fact, recruiters don’t have the inclination of excluding people just because they job-hopped. They exclude the candidates because their résuméshow that they won’t contribute enough to the company. If one’s résuméalways shows that he makes a huge contribution wherever he goes, or if he can show his loyalty to a company by exceeding their expectations with his outstanding performance, no recruiters will show bias against him.
Starting out—Task 2
3. Carol is a promising lawyer aged 30. She’s been working in a big law firm for the last 22 months. Recently, along with many of her workmates, she finds herself affected by the “two-year itch”. She’s eager to work in a smaller firm with less pressure than in her present working environment. The head of her firm has hinted at a 15% increase in salary and the prospect of promotion if she chooses to stay, but she’s intent on leaving. The new employer has promised her an even higher salary and a position as a department supervisor.
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新编研究生英语系列教材基础综合英语主讲：陈海忠2012-2013 第一学期Lesson PlanPreliminary ActivitiesI. IntroductionBrief introduction to each other to get familiar with each other, to enliven the classroom atmosphere and to learn something about the students' English.II.Teaching planBrief introduction to the students about the course and the learning objective.Unit One EducationLesson A Listening and SpeakingObjectives:This part aims to train students' ability to get some idea about how to get the main idea and identify the supporting examplesProcedure:Activities will mostly focus on scripts listening and exercises will be provided as practice for the skill required.Step 1 Listening practiceStep 2 ExerciseStep 3 Speaking practiceStep 4 Difference between spoken English and written EnglishLesson B Reading and WritingObjectives:To improving students' general comprehension and some specific skills in reading a text or passageTo be able to understand the text structure of the passageTo enable the student to make correct/idiomatic use of certain vocabularyTo familiarize with students with certain writing skills and formats with different styles.To provide the students with relevant exercises to strengthen their language skillsText A In Praise of the F WordGeneral understanding of the textMain ideaIn this passage the author first puts forth the wide-spread problem that many high school students graduate with meaningless diplomas. Realizing the educational deficiency that many students are just passed along without really mastered the skills required, the author suggests that it is necessary that teachers play a trump card of failure to motivate students to work hard. She also cites an example of her own son to illustrate the positive effect of "F", if necessary, hence in praise of the F word as the title suggests. Of course a wise teacher should be able to make the wise choice between success and failure.Text structurePart One: Para. 1 Introduction: Many high school students fail their diplomas.Part Two: Paras 2--4 As I teach I learn more about the real situation in our educational system.Para.2 Many students have, in fact, been cheated by the educational system.Para.3 Those students have one thing in common: unpleasant experience.Para.4 The importance of attracting students' attention in class.Part Three: Paras 5--10 Positive effects of use of "F" by the teacher.Para. 5 Transitional paragraph to introduce the effective use of "F".Para. 6 My son as a specific example who benefited from the "F" method.Para. 7 Many students later are resentful at their having been passed along.Para. 8 The bad effect of just passing the students who haven't mastered the work. Para. 9 My students have healthy fear of failure , which make them work harder. Para. 10 Conclusion of part two: fear of failure can motivate students to work hard. Part Four Paras 11--12 Conclusion: As flunking has its merits, a wise teacher should be able to make the wise use of it.Para. 11 Flunking has its merits in urging students to work hard and master the skills. Para. 12 A wise teacher should make the wise choice between success and failure in evaluating her/his students..Language points1. semiliterate: a. semi-educated; having only an elementary level ofreading and writing ability 半文盲的semi-: half or partlye.g. semi-skilled workers; semi-urban; semi-retirement; semi-professional; semi-conductor2. dropout: n. a person who leaves school before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生e.g. Many schools in the region have appallingly high dropout rates.这个地区的许多学校有着惊人的高辍学率。
Because of poor economy and feudalist mind, the dropout of girls in this area has been high.由于经济贫困以及封建思想的影响，这个地区女孩的失学率很高。
3.do-gooder: n. sb. who does things that they think will help other people, although the other people might not find their actions helpfule.g. He is a naive do-gooder.他是一个幼稚的理想主义者4.impediment: n. obstacles, barriers 妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡e.g. He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。
Some small impediment slowed his conversation.轻微的口吃使他讲话很慢。
5.trump card: anything decisive held in reserve for use at a critical time王牌e.g. The candidate still has one more trump card to play.候选人手里还有一张王牌。
Her influence with the mayor has been her trump card in the contest.她跟市长的交情是她这次比赛的秘密武器。
6. charmer: n. a person who has good qualities that make you like them讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人，尤指迷人的女人You are a regular little charmer, are not you? 你真是个小迷人精，对不对？You are a charmer. 你真有吸引力。