M3U3宾语补足语与主谓一致精讲精练

M3U3 Back to the past Grammar and Usage

语法精析

一、宾语补足语的概念

在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，这个补充成分称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。

二、宾语补足语的形式：

常见的宾语补足语有以下形式：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词动词不定式。例如：

1. She found him a very clever boy .

2. He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting .

3. Last Sun day I saw you out with your sister .

4. To her surprise，she found herself in a different world.

5.1 saw him doing his homework whe n I passed his win dow.

6. When he woke up，he found himself covered with a coat.

7. The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.

三、常见的几种宾语补足语：

1. 名词作宾补时

He makes it a rule to exercise every day.

People call the place the Golde nTria ngle.

We elected himpresident of the country.

注意：当名词表示独一无二的职务、头衔时，作宾补的名词前通常不用冠词。

2. 不定式作宾补时

1) 常接带to 的不定式作宾补的动词：ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect /

want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind sb( not )to do 等。Our school forbids stude nts to smoke.

Please tell him not to come late.

2) 常接不带to 的不定式作宾补的动词：hear/ listen to / see / notice / watch / look at /observe/ feel/let / make / have etc 等。

The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day in the past.

注意：改为被动时，要加to, let和have不用于被动语态。

Though he had ofte n made his little sister cry，today he was madeto_cry by her.

3. 现在分词作宾补时

强调宾补的动作正在进行，这类动词常见的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see /

smell / watch / get / send 等。

Don 'leave the water running whe n you brush your teeth.

Polly found herself staring up at a man with his hand resting on her arm.

注意：感官动词用动词原形作宾补表示动作的全过程，用现在分词作宾补表示宾补的动作正在进行。We ofte n hear Alicesing the ABC song.

Themiss ing boy was last see nplayingnear the river.

4. 过去分词作宾补时

宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有:

get/ have /leave/ make / hear / see / watch / notice 等。

I had my hair cut last Sun day.

The speaker raised his voice but still couldn hestrchake himself He left the door unlocked whe n he was away.

注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，只表示宾补的动作已完成，不表示被动的意思。 She found her wallet gone.

5. 介词with 的复合结构 It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full.

The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on. The woma n with a baby on her back lives dow nstairs.

With so much work to do , we can ' t kill any time by playing cards. With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. With the problems settled, we all felt very happy. He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.

6. 宾语补足语中常见的结构

1) have sth done 使(让)某事被 .... ； 遭受

have sb/sth doing 使(让)某人/物持续做某事

have sb dosth 使(让)某人做某事

1.1 won 'have you _________ (stand) the whole day.

2. I 'have the garde ner _____ (pla nt) some trees.

3. Who would you rather have ______ (post) the letter for you?

4. He had his house ______ (paint) last mon th.

5. ---I'm going to sha nghai for holiday.

---Do you have anything ____________ (take) to your son?

2) make sb +n. 使某人成为 ...

make sb do sth 使某人做某事

make sb/sth done 使某物被.....

1. We made him _____ (capta in) of our football team.

2. He couldn 'make himself _____ (hear) above the noise of the traffic.

3. What makes the grass _____ (grow)?

4. The boy was make ______ (work) twelve hours a day.

1. Don 'le t ve the water ________ (run) when you brush your teeth.

2. Polly found herself _______ (stare)up at a man with his hand rest ing on her arm.

3) leave sb doing sth leave sth done catch

sb doing sth find sb

doing sth find sth

done get/set sb doing 让某人一直做某事

留下......被...... 逮到某人正在做. 发现某人正在做.

发现......被做......

使某人做……