英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】-第3章【圣才出品】
英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧
英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一，阅读是获取语言知识最直接、最有效的方法，阅读能力则是衡量掌握语言综合能力的一项重要标志。
学习阅读，学会阅读，提高英语阅读能力，是最终掌握英语，提高整体英语水平的必由之路。
英语专业八级考试中也设立了阅读理解部分，而且阅读部分在整个考试中占相当大的比重，该部分的得分直接影响到整个考试的成败，因此无论是教师还是考生都对此非常重视。
八级考试中的阅读理解部分主要是依据国家教委批准的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容和要求的规定，运用科学的测试手段，检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握，从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。
应该说到了准备八级考试的时候，学生已经具备了相当的阅读经验和阅读能力，现在的关键是多做练习，大量阅读，通过阅读来提高阅读水平。
如果还存在一些不良阅读习惯的话，比如用手指着读，默读时出声等等，就应毫不犹豫地痛下功夫去改正。
下面列出了一些常用的阅读技巧，仅作提醒之用。
希望考生能仔细对照自己的情况，尽快改掉不良习惯，以便提高自己的阅读效率。
1.略读略读(skimming)是常用的阅读方法之一，其主要特征是选择性地阅读。
通常的阅读要求看到每一个词，每次注目看1-2个词。
略读不需要看到每一个词，眼睛跳动的频率和幅度都有较大的提高，有时甚至从上一行跳到下一行。
略读不可能使你对所读内容全部了解，但是你能大大地提高阅读速度，也能获得大量的信息。
略读的主要作用是了解文章的大意。
经过略读之后，你对所读内容已经有了大致的了解，再仔细阅读，这时你的印象会更深刻，理解更透彻。
大部分读者不需要正规的训练和指导就可以进行略读。
但是有意识地训练会大大地提高你的略读速度和效率。
进行略读训练的最简单的.方法是强迫自己在规定的时间内读完某一篇文章，开始训练时，可以把略读速度定为平常阅读的5/4倍，以后逐步提高。
英语专八阅读练习题及答案（3）
英语专八阅读练习题及答案（3）2018英语专八阅读练习题及答案FeminismThe statistics I’ve cited and the living examples are all too familiarto you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasingnumber of women who are looking actively for advancement offor a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped withprofessional skills and perhaps valuable experience, She will notbe content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of theAssistant Vice Pre sident’s Girl Friday, who is the only one whocomes in on Saturday.She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who isdetermined to be.Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female asoppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role forwomen in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making thegreat decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had beenoppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of hischildren. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of neverlooking beneath the pretensions of life.The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for thefirst time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and hissystem as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on thismilitant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, andmany othershammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightestand most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to exploreboth their identities and their dreams—and the two were often found in direct conflict.What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage.A son. Two daughters. Breakfast.Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses inceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day thesame. Never any growth in expectations—unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded.The inevitable question: “Is that all there is to life?”The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists hadtouched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death o f the magazine“Life.” But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too oftensexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasinglyis regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself.Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through theuse of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposedto be useful.1. What was the main idea of this passage?[A] The Second Wave of Feminist. [B] Women’s Independent Spirits.[C] The Unity of Women. [D] The Action of Union.2. What w as the author’s attitude toward the radical?[A] He supported it wholeheartedly. [B] He opposed it strongly.[C] He disapproved to some extent. [D] He ignored it completely.3. What does the word “militant” mean?[A] Aggressive. [B] Ambitions. [C] Progressive. [D] Independent.4. What was the radical feminist’s view point about the male?[A] Women were exploited by the male.[B] Women were independent of the male.[C] Women’s lives were deprived by the male.[D] The male were their common enemy.答案详解：1. A. 第二次女权运动的浪潮。
全国英语专业八级考试阅读高分技巧
全国英语专业八级考试阅读高分技巧全国英语专业八级考试阅读高分技巧很多经历过专八的学生都会抱怨专八阅读量大，总是时间不够用，完不了卷。
碰到这样的情况我们该怎么解决呢?下面是小编为您收集整理的全国英语专业八级考试阅读高分技巧，欢迎阅读!专八阅读技巧之一--默读，不动口在专八考试中，专八阅读一直是大家难以逾越的坎，如何度过呢?建议大家在阅读的时候，要养成默读的习惯。
默读就是需要你用眼睛看，浏览，不需要你动口动嘴，在心里明白就行。
动口，会拖慢你的阅读速度，动了口就会下意识的需要每个单词去看去理解，而去看去理解每一个单词是专八阅读的大忌。
因为在专八阅读中很多的单词是不用看的，一眼扫过就能明白的事，你干嘛要花那个闲工夫去做呢?典型的吃力不讨好嘛。
所以专八阅读技巧之一就是默读，不动口。
专八阅读技巧之二--不反复浏览在专八阅读中，反复浏览也是不被允许的。
当你在阅读的时候，不要总是循环往复看，眼睛不要不断的来回转动看那些已经看过的内容。
一般对于专八阅读，尤其是科技类阅读，大家只需要浏览一遍。
如果有必要，可以在看完整篇阅读之后再回头看一遍，并不需要你在阅读之时就反复看。
专八阅读技巧之三--学会筛选式阅读在专八阅读中，很多的内容都是不必要的，你只要关注的是重点内容，对重点内容着重关注。
至于什么是重点内容，哪些能称之为重点内容，就需要你学会筛选。
所以在这里的专八阅读技巧是需要你去练就的，不是凭空就能拿上手的。
平时多做相关的阅读，找阅读的筛选办法。
专八阅读技巧之四--集中精神在专八阅读的时候，我们很多人都是由于分心所以导致的阅读速度慢、效率低的情况。
对于这种情况，就是需要我们集中精神，全力以赴的去攻克它。
这样你的专八阅读在实际操作中才能更加有效。
除了专八阅读，很多的事情都是因为我们的不专注所以才导致的效率低下，所以在这里，尤其是针对现在所说的专八阅读，希望大家能够集中精神，严阵以待的应对每一件事。
全国英语专业八级考试听力应试技巧一、加强储存记忆（memory span）：做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述内容，不要一字一字地听，而要抓住关键词或句。
专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案
专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案不吃饭则饥，不读书则愚。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totallyeliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medici ne against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”习题1.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered2. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients3. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off4. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potential全文翻译“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”一位癌症专家和微生物学家罗伯特•温伯格说道。
专业八级阅读题
The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hund redth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDe ere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was m arried, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accoun ting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He w as white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. O ther firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and rema ined lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wa nted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seve nties when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happe ned to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent y ears and was killed in a car wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for thi s year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mi tchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and ea ch year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, t hat he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three jo b offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest of fer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his s econd year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23, 000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brough t along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since mostof the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with m oney to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure in come guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelv e-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tal l, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dolla r-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked a t the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm's recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer's.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.答案解析：短文大意：这篇文章详细描绘的是某律师事务所的几位工作人员在对应聘者进行面试前的准备工作以及他们的心理状况。
英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案
英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案经常不断地学习，你就什么都知道。
你知道得越多，你就越有力量。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people she seemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married the doctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large. When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden balls as large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods. He smoked a cob pipe and after his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window that was covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day in August he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy there were the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the Heffner Block above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly, building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth he erected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have the truths to erect other pyramids.Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothesfor ten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at the knees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pockets into which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scraps of paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled he dumped them out upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another old man named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood, old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threw them at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering old sentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girl who became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It is delicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards of Winesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard with frost underfoot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. They have been put in barrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten in apartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On the trees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers have rejected. They look like the knuckles of Doctor Reefy’ s hands. One nibbles at them and they are delicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gathered all of its sweetness. One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground picking the gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the few know the sweetness of the twisted apples.The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summer afternoon. He was forty-five then and already he had begun the practice of filling his pockets with the scraps of paper that became hard balls and were thrown away. The habit had beenformed as he sat in his buggy behind the jaded grey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were written thoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out of many of them he formed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truth clouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the little thoughts began again.The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in the family way and had become frightened. She was in that condition because of a series of circumstances also curious.The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land that had come down to her had set a train of suitors on her heels. For two years she saw suitors almost every evening. Except two they were all alike. They talked to her of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voices and in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were much unlike each other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son of a jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with her he was never off the subject. The other, a black-haired boy with large ears, said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where he began to kiss her.For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry the jeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her and then she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity she began to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times it seemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. She imagined him turning it slowly about in the white hands and staring at it. At night she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws weredripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way to the one who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actually did bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed...-..-.After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed to her that she never wanted to leave him again. She went into his office one morning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened to her.In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the man who kept the bookstore in Winesburg. Like all old-fashioned country practitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held a handkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when the tooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's white dress. The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the woman and the man had gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country with me," he said.For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were together almost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in an illness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twisted apples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon the round perfect fruit that is eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of her acquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following spring she died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughts he had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed and stuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.1.According to the story Doctor Reefy’s life seems very __________.A. eccentricB. normalC. enjoyableD. optimistic2.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the family way. The phrase “in the family way” means____________.A. troubledB. PregnantC. twistedD. cheated3.Doctor Reef lives a ___________ life.A. happyB. miserableC. easy-goingD. reckless4. The tall dark girl’s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to bea _____ one.A. transientB. understandableC. perfectD. funny5. Doctor Reef’s paper balls probably symbolize his ______.A eagerness to shut himself away from societyB suppressed desire to communicate with peopleC optimism about lifeD cynical attitude towards life参考答案：A B B A B。
英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第2章 英语专业八级基础阅读篇
第2章英语专业八级基础阅读篇人物记述类（Passage1～6）Passage1题材：人物记述类字数：517建议用时：5分钟Mr.Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless craning landscape.The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road.What an end!The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred.The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded herself;she had degraded him.His soul’s companion!He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman.Just God,what an end!Evidently she had been unfit to live,without any strength of purpose,an easy prey to habits,one of the wrecks on which civilization has been reared.But that she could have sunk so low!Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her?He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ever done.He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand touched his.The shock which bad first attacked his stomach was now attacking hisnerves.He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out.The cold air met him on the threshold;it crept into the sleeves of his coat.When he came to the public house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk.There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman’s estate in County Kildare.They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers,and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots.Mr.Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them,without seeing or hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch.He sat a long time over it.The shop was very quiet.The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning.Now and again a tram was heard swishing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there,living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images in which he now conceived her,he realized that she was dead,that she had ceased to exist,that she had become a memory,lie began to feel ill at ease.He asked himself what else could he have done.He could not have lived with her openly.He had done what seemed to him best.How was he to blame?Now that she was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been,sitting night after night alone in that room.His life would be lonely too until he,too,died,ceased to exist,became a memory—if anyone remembered him.1.Mr.Duffy’s immediate reaction to the report of the woman’s death was that of _____.A.disgustB.guiltC.griefpassion2.It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman’sdeath in a_____manner.A.detailedB.provocativeC.discreetD.sensational3.According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Mr.Duffy once confided in the woman.B.Mr.Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.C.The woman wanted to end the relationship.D.They became estranged probably after a quarrel.4.What is Mr.Duffy’s mood we can infer from the last paragraph?【答案及解析】1.A文章第一段第三、四句提到“What an end!The whole narrative of her deathrevolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred.”，表明他对她死亡的报道感到厌恶，因此本题选A。
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解The Result of the Falling US DollarLike a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. gover____ent wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good bees cheaper. U.S. panies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. panies eventually will be more petitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-orientedU.S. panies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.Improving U.S. petitiveness means a decline in another’s petitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.[B] The result of the U.S. falling dollar.[C] The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.[D] Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.[A] prosperity. [B] decline. [C] richness. [D] import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried aboutthe falling dollar?[A] Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.[B] Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.[C] Because it may do damage to their trade.[D] Because it may make Japanese pany lesspetitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?[A] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.[C] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.[D] Inflation could flare up.答案详解：1. B.美元下跌的结果。
英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案
英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Cryptic ColoringCryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form.Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, inconsequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.” Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected.In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to theenemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (marck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation.The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival.A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H. Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow.The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as theenvironment (e. g. earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.1. The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form[A] hunters. [B] nocturnal predators[C] lions and tigers. [C] insectivorous Vertrbrata2. Aggressive resemblance occurs when[A] a predaceous attitude is assumed.[B] special resemblance is utilized.[C] an animal relies on speed.[D] an animal blends in with its background.3. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on[A] its ability to frighten its adversary. [B] speed.[C] its ability to assume an attitude. [D] mistaken identify4. The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is[A] Cryptic coloration for Protection. [B] How Animals Survive.[C] The uses of Mimicry in Nature. [D] Resemblances of Animals.5. Of the following which is the least common?[A] protective resemblance. [B] General resemblance.[C] Aggressive resemblance. [D] Special resemblance.答案详解：1. B. 夜间活动的食肉动物。
英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第1章 英语专业八级阅读考试指
第1章英语专业八级阅读考试指南1.1英语专业八级教学大纲要求《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容要求规定：运用科学的测试手段，检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握，从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。
能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史性传记和文学作品；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。
能在5分钟内速读1，600词左右的文章，掌握文章的主旨和大意，理解事实和细节。
1.2英语专业八级考题型调整根据最新题型调整说明，专八阅读的测试要求和测试形式均有所变化。
1．测试要求：（1）能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评（2）能读懂一定难度的历史传记和文学作品，（3）能理解所读材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事实与细节；能理解字面意义和隐含意义；能根据所读材料进行判断和推理；能分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。
（4）能分析上述题材的文章的思想观点，通篇布局，语言技巧及修辞手法。
（5）能够在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。
（6）考试时间为45分钟。
2．测试形式：本部分采用多项选择题和简答题形式，由数篇材料组成。
阅读材料共长3000个单词。
学生应根据所读材料内容，从每题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，或根据问题做简短回答。
共22题，其中14道多项选择题。
8道简单题。
3．测试目的：阅读理解部分测试学生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力，考核学生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。
既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。
阅读速度为每分钟150个单词。
4．选材原则：（1）题材广泛，包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记等。
（2）体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、广告、说明书、图表等。
（3）关键词汇基本上不超出《大纲》规定的范围。
1.3英语专业八级阅读考试题型解读1．试题难点◆词汇量大专八考试要求学生能认知9000~12000个单词，对考生的词汇量提出了很高的要求，并且有时会出现超纲词汇。
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析no pain, no gain. 以下是我为大家搜寻整理的英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment' period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care hada neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1. This passage primarily argues that ___.A. infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.B. whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.C. there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.D. there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.2. The phrase "predispose to' (Para. 1, line 3) most probably means ___.A. lead toB. dispose toC. get intoD. tend to suffer3. According to Bowlbys analysis, it is quite possible that ___.A. childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B. early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C. children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.D. some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.4. It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that ___.A. traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.B. Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C. A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.D. Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.5. The writer concludes that ___.A. it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.B. It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.C. It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.D. It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.答案：BDCAD文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
英语专业八级阅读理解备考策略分享
英语专业八级阅读理解备考策略分享英语专业八级考试对于英语专业的学生来说是一项重要的能力测试，其中阅读理解部分占据了较大的比重，也是很多考生感到棘手的部分。
想要在这一部分取得好成绩，需要有系统的备考策略。
接下来，我将为大家分享一些实用的备考方法和技巧。
一、熟悉考试题型和要求首先，要深入了解英语专业八级阅读理解的题型和要求。
这部分通常包括多项选择题、简答题和论述题等。
题目涵盖了各种体裁和题材的文章，如文学、科技、社会科学等。
多项选择题主要考查对文章细节、主旨、推理和词义的理解。
简答题则要求考生用简洁准确的语言回答问题，重点在于理解和概括能力。
论述题则更注重对文章观点的分析和评价。
二、积累词汇和语法知识拥有丰富的词汇量和扎实的语法基础是理解文章的关键。
每天坚持背诵一定量的单词，可以通过使用单词书、手机 APP 等方式。
同时，要注重词汇的多义性和搭配用法。
对于一些高频词汇，要能够熟练运用。
语法方面，系统复习英语语法知识，重点掌握从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等常见的语法点。
通过阅读和练习，加深对语法的理解和运用能力。
三、提高阅读速度和理解能力阅读速度和理解能力的提升需要长期的训练。
可以选择一些难度适中、长度适宜的文章进行限时阅读训练。
刚开始时，可以适当放宽时间，随着练习的深入，逐渐缩短阅读时间，以提高阅读速度。
在阅读过程中，不要逐字逐句地翻译，而是要学会抓关键信息，理解文章的主旨和结构。
可以通过阅读文章的标题、开头、结尾以及段落的首句来快速把握文章的大意。
四、广泛阅读各类体裁和题材的文章增加阅读量是提高阅读理解能力的有效途径。
多读一些英文原版书籍、报纸、杂志等，如《纽约时报》《经济学人》《时代周刊》等。
不同的体裁和题材可以帮助我们熟悉各种语言风格和表达方式，拓宽知识面。
阅读文学作品可以提高对语言的感受力和理解能力；科技文章可以让我们了解最新的研究成果和专业术语；社会科学类文章则有助于我们对社会现象的分析和思考。
专业英语八级模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Money in America Money is anything that is in general use in the purchase of goods and services and in the discharge of debts. Money may also be defined as an evidence of debt owed by society. The money supply in the United States consists of currency (paper money), coins, and demand deposits (checking accounts). Currency and coins are government-created money, whereas demand deposits are bank-created money. Of these three components of our money supply, demand deposits are by far the most important. Most of our money supply is invisible, intangible, and abstract. The two most important inherent attributes that money must possess in a modern credit economy are acceptability and stability. In earlier times in the evolution of money and monetary institutions in the United States, the attributes of divisibility, portability, and visibility were important. The two legal attributes of “legal tender”and “standard money”are not of as much importance today as in the past. The four functions that money often performs are standard of value; medium of exchange; store of value; and standard of deferred payment. In a modern specialized economy and, most especially, are tile most important of these. Although it is agreed that the value of money has fallen in the United States over time, there are three in part conflicting theories of value that have been advanced to explain this phenomenon; the commodity, quantity, and income theories. Most economists today espouse either the second or more typically, the third of these. Any money can retain its value as long as its issuance is limited; it need not have a commodity backing. Inflation or rising prices have been explained by demand and/or supply theories in recent years, although historically the former has been thought to provide the more satisfactory explanation. Our presently circulating coins are credit money or token money in that the market value of metal in the coins is worth less than the face (or mint) value of the coins. Gresham’s Law—i.e., bad money tends to drive out good money—explains why coins with a greater market value than mint value cease circulating. Most of the paper money in the United States consists of Federal’ Reserve notes; the remaining minor types of paper money are called treasury currency.Demand deposits are bankcreated money, the supply of which is limited to any single bank by the amount of its total legal reserves. If it lends more than the amount of its excess reserves it would have an adverse clearing balance. Modern fractional reserve banking grew out of the experiences of early goldsmiths who found that 100 percent reserves were not needed with a reserve requirement ratio of say 20 percent, the banking system as a whole could expand its demand deposits in a 5:1 ratio to its reserves. A monopoly bank could operate as does the entire banking system, since being the only bank it is, in effect, the entire banking system. If some money leaks out of the banking system, its coefficient of credit expansion is reduced from the 5:1 ratio indicated above. The Federal Reserve, or Fed, is a central bank whose prime function is to monitor and control the nation’s money supply and credit through monetary policy in the attempt to stifle inflation, promote economic growth with high employment, and help with the sale of government bounds. It is not clear that the Fed has always understood its powers and purposes. It has had much more success in helping with the sale of government bonds and in performing its service functions than in promoting growth and maintaining stability. The Fed’s three main quantitative weapons, in order of importance, are open market operations; discount rate policy; and changes in legal reserve requirements. It has at times had some moderate success in using some qualitative controls as well.Money in America Money is used to buy goods or services and【1】______ debts. 【1】______In America, money supply consists of【2】______ (paper 【2】______money), coins, and demand deposits【3】______. 【3】______In a modern credit economy, money must possess twomost important attributes: acceptability and【4】______. It also 【4】______has two legal attributes: legal tender and【5】______. 【5】______Money performs four main functions:a. standard of value;b.【6】______;【6】______c. store of value;d. standard of deferred payment.There are three partially conflicting theories of value forexplaining the【7】______ in the value of American money, 【7】______namely the commodity, quantity and income theories.Coins are credit money or【8】______ money whereas 【8】______paper money consists of Federal Reserve notes. Demanddeposits are supplied depending on a bank’s total【9】______ 【9】______reserves.The Federal Reserve, or Fed, as a central bank,【10】______ and 【10】______controls the nation’s money supply and credit.1．【1】正确答案：discharge2．【2】正确答案：currency3．【3】正确答案：checking accounts4．【4】正确答案：stability5．【5】正确答案：standard money6．【6】正确答案：medium of exchange7．【7】正确答案：decline8．【8】正确答案：token9．【9】正确答案：legal10．【10】正确答案：monitorsSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：Diane Larsen-Freeman is a well-known American professor of applied linguistics. This interview was conducted by the editor-in-chief of the Forum.M: How did your career in language education begin?F: Like many Americans getting started in EFL, my first opportunity was with the Peace Corps. I finished my university education, decided I wanted to be of service and to see a bit of the world, so I applied to the Peace Corps and was accepted to be an EFL teacher in Malaysia in Sabah, Borneo. I was there from 1967 until 1969. I had been a psychology major asan undergraduate primarily because I was interested, even then, in how people learn. When I found English language teaching and language in general, I became absolutely fascinated with the language learning process.M: What advice can you give to teachers just beginning their careers in English teaching?F: Because I’m so interested myself in learning, I would say the essence of good teaching is learning to watch your students, learning to read your students’interests, their attention, their engagement, knowing when to move on and when to stay. All of that comes from watching your students, monitoring what they are doing, trying as best you can to see the learning in their faces, in their behavior, and in their demeanor.M: What do you most enjoy about teaching?F: I have to repeat: watching learning take place. I suspect a lot of teachers can relate to this. There are those moments, and they don’t happen every day, when you can see the penny drop. You’ve been working on teaching a particular tense or a reading passage, and all of a sudden, there is that moment of awareness. When you can actually see people go, “Ahh! I see!”Those are the moments I live for as a teacher. Those are the things that keep me going. It’s the joy of watching others learn.M: Along these lines of what goes on in the classroom and moments of awareness, what do you most often see teachers doing wrong in their language classes?F: I hesitate to label anything “wrong”because I think it is really important to see from the teacher’s perspective. Learning to teach is a lifelong process, and you can only do what you know how to do at that time. If you’re in a particular stage of evolution, it’s not “wrong,” it just means that perhaps you yourself haven’t cultivated the awareness or developed the skills that you need, but you are doing the best you can do.M: In the past, I am thinking of audiolingualism, the focus really was on the teacher and almost a performance of drilling.F: That’s a very good metaphor for the teacher, the teacher as a performer, the teacher as drill conductor, but a teacher self-absorbed. I don’t mean that in negative way. I just mean a teacher who is caught up in his or her own performance could be missing the very point of being in the classroom, which is to be watching students’learning and taking cues from the students as opposed to from the lesson plan.M: Teacher as performer, teacher as orchestra conductor. There are other metaphors of the teacher we come across in the literature, teacher as coach, teacher as consultant. How do you respond to the skeptic who says, “What good are these metaphors of teaching? What I need is something to do in my class on Monday morning!”F: It may surprise you, but I am rather sympathetic to such skepticism because I’ve been there. You have to do something! Having said that teachers shouldn’t be caught up in their performance, it is true that they just can’t go in the classroom and let students run the show. You have to come in with some kind of activities, but activities that will remove the focus from you. Now getting back to the question about metaphors, I think teachers need to know what to do on Monday mornings. However that, to some extent, is a short-term view. I think having a good metaphor can sustain your teaching in the longer term. Instead of metaphor, I would suggest a theory of language learning and language teaching can sustain your teaching practice for a long, long time. Accompanying that theory is a metaphor, is a role for a teacher.M: A metaphor or theory can provide guidance in terms of the activities you are likely to use and those you won’t be using.F: That’sright. It acts as a guide. Coherence between one’s theory and one’s practice is essential for a good teacher.M: Have you got a favorite piece of teaching technology?F: I’m pretty old-fashioned. I like chalk and white board markers. I like euisinaire rods to make particular points of language salient. I am very fond of the overhead projector. I am kind of a low-tech person. I am not afraid of technology. I use it in other parts of my professional life, but I think the reason I like these low-tech things is that I can be more spontaneous and interactive with the students who are in front of me. For example, with an overhead projector, I can write down a thought I had or select a relevant article I saw that morning, make a transparency, and use it that day in my class. Or I can take some of my students’ errors or questions and create a transparency, and we can look at them together as a class in order to have people learn from each other’s learning challenges. An OHP is nice too because, at least in theory, it allows you to direct the learners’ attention, to focus learners’ attention. I find that very helpful.M: Diane, let me ask a question about you as an individual. If you weren’t a professor and author, what would you be doing?F: I would probably be an organic gardener. I’d have a small plot of land. I love to garden and get my hands in the dirt, play around and get out of my head sometimes. I love nature. But to tell you the truth, I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. I remember when I was a little girl, I was the oldest in the family, and I would get my brother and my sisters and make them be the students. My parents even put a small blackboard in my bedroom behind my bedroom door. I would call my brother and sisters, I would have them sit on the bed, and I would close the door and there was the blackboard. So I think I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. If I weren’t a teacher I would like to do something in the natural world.M: Are teachers made or born? In your case, I guess born. What do you grow?F: I grow a little bit of everything, I live in Vermont, so we have a rather short growing season. I grow vegetables and flowers. I usually teach in the summer and nothing pleases me more than coming home from teaching, going down to the garden, and picking that evening’s salad.M: I know you travel a lot internationally. In your work with teachers in the United States and other countries, that is, in second language and foreign language settings, do you perceive a gap between TESL and TEFL?F: Most definitely. I think at the psychological level, at the learning process level, we humans around the world have something very much in common with our learning. People may take me to task for this, but I don’t see the language learning process, which seems to me to be uniquely human, is going to differ very much. We have a lot to learn from each other in this regard. But the social, contextual, political, and resource issues loom very large when we compare the amount of exposure to the language and the resources we invest. So at the social level, I think there is a great deal of variation. At the political level, clearly there is. At the economic level, clearly there is. And they all impact on language learning and its accessibility. At the psychological level, the learning process to my way of thinking is, I hesitate to use the word, but I’m going to: universal. There is something about us as humans and our relationship to language that I think is going to transcend individual situations and context, but you should know that’s a highly volatile issue right now.M: Tell us something that most people don’t know about you.F: I have a wonderful family. Wehave two sons, one of whom is about to become a Peace Corps V olunteer, which was his choice. It looks like he will be going to Central Asia. We’ve traveled a lot as a family. I like to think that my sons have been educated with some knowledge of the world, that they still consider world travel to be a privilege, and that they have some sense of a need to give back because we are very privileged in this country.M: I feel privileged to have met you and done this interview. On behalf of the readers of the English Teaching Forum, thank you very much, Diane!11．Diane Larsen-Freeman was a ______ major when she was an undergraduate student.A．sociologyB．psychologyC．philosophyD．anthropology正确答案：B12．Diane Larsen-Freeman advises new teachers to focus on ______.A．the studentsB．class preparationC．class atmosphereD．class interaction正确答案：A13．Diane Larsen-Freeman refrains from saying that some teachers are doing wrong because ______.A．she wants to sound politeB．she thinks language teaching is not a right-or-wrong matterC．she thinks they are doing their bestD．she believes no teaching is perfect正确答案：C14．Diane Larsen-Freeman is fond of using low-tech things in class for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ______.A．she wants to be interactiveB．they are convenientC．they help to focus the learners’ attentionD．she is afraid of technology正确答案：D15．Diane Larsen-Freeman’s sons consider ______ to be a privilege.A．world travelB．educationC．knowledge of the worldD．service正确答案：ASECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：Americans’income growth effectively stalled in June, and consumer spending plunged at the steepest monthly rate since September 2001, the government reported yesterday, fueling new concerns about the strength of the U.S. economic expansion. Overall personal income was flat in June after adjusting for inflation and taxes, the Commerce Department said. Consumer spending dropped 0.7 percent in June, reinforcing other signs that the U. S. economic expansion lost momentum in the spring with rising inflation, higher interest rates and a slowing pace of job creation. The report comes as President Bush and Sen. John Kerry, the Democratic presidential nominee, continue to spar over the effectiveness of the administration’s economic policies. A series of tax cuts and Federal Reserve interest rate cuts helped boost economic growth for much of the past three years, but many analysts had expected stronger employment growth and income gains to fuel a more vibrant recovery by now. The June results “raise increasingly serious questions about the strength and sustainability of the economy in the months ahead,”said Charles W. McMillion, president and chief economist of MBG Information Services. Stock prices fell and bond prices rose yesterday as many investors concluded that the economy may continue to cool, which would both reduce profit growth and ease inflation pressures. Federal Chairman Alan Greenspan said last month on Capitol Hill that the economy had hit temporary a “soft patch,” but that it should not hinder an expansion that appeared to be broadening and gaining momentum. And he signaled that the Fed would likely raise rates gradually to keep inflation under control.16．There are new concerns about the ______ of the U. S. economic expansion.A．durationB．momentumC．prospectD．future正确答案：B17．In the past ______ years, the economy has been growing owing to tax cutsand Federal Reserve interest rate cuts.A．2B．3C．4D．5正确答案：B18．There seems to be ______ the consumer spending drops.A．general pessimism aboutB．some doubt aboutC．different interpretations ofD．much optimism about正确答案：C听力原文：SINGAPORE—Singapore said on Tuesday it would organize a contest to find the tech savvy city-state’s best computer hacker. Six pairs will compete in the Aug. 20 “Black OPS: Hack Attack Challenge 2004,” organized by the government-funded National Infocomm Competency Center, said its marketing manager Yvonne Choo. They will “penetrate, exploit, gain access and obtain privileged information from the other teams’servers, for the purpose of corporate espionage,” the center said on its Web site. Teams will also have to defend their organization’s networks against hacking from other teams in the daylong event, it added. Choo said he hoped the contest would help shed light on ways to prevent actual computer attacks. The prize for the best hacker will be a DVD burner and free computer classes. Asia has been the root of some of the worst attacks by hackers in recent years. In May 2000, the so-called Love Bug virus, released in the Philippines, overwhelmed e mail systems worldwide and caused tens of millions of dollars in damage. Close to 80 percent of Singapore’s 4 million citizens own personal computers and the island is largely considered to be the most technologically advanced in Southeast Asia. Hackers can be jailed for up to three years or fined up to S$10,000 (US$5,810) under the city-state’s Computer Misuse Act.19．According to the report, the contest will last ______ days.A．oneB．twoC．fourD．six正确答案：A20．The chief purpose of the contest is to ______.A．make computer users aware of hackingB．train hacking expertsC．enlighten people on how to prevent computer attacksD．display the harms of hacking正确答案：CPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.1 Some consumer researchers distinguish between so-called rational motives and emotional (or non-rational) motives. In a marketing context, the term rationality implies that the consumer selects goals based on totally objective criteria, such as size, weight, price, or miles per gallon. Emotional motives imply the selection of goals according to personal or subjective criteria (the desire for individuality, pride, fear, affection and status).2 The assumption underlying this distinction is that subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. However, it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, in their view, are to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based upon the individual’s own need structure as well as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear as irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational within the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. If the behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it at the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. Therefore the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.3 Indeed, some researchers go so far as to suggest that emphasis on “needs” obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously to maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not from subconscious drives but from rational preferences, or what they perceive to be in their own best interests.4 Marketers who agree with this view are reluctant to spend either time or money to uncover subconscious buyer motives. Instead, they try to identify problems that consumers experience with products then on the market. For example, instead of trying to identify any special needs that consumers may have for dog food, the marketer will try to discover any problems that consumers are experiencing with existing brands of dog food. If the marketer discovers that many dog foods leave an unpleasant odor in the refrigerator, he or she can develop a new product that solves this consumer problem and then run advertisements that announce to dog owners that the new product does not impart unpleasant odors. Thus, rather than address consumers’expressed needs, such marketers attempt to discover andsolve consumers’ problems and thereby achieve market success.21．According to the classification of consumer motives, ______ should belong to the category of emotional motives.A．colorB．durabilityC．fashionD．service正确答案：C解析：本题为细节理解题。
专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析
专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析"Can not help but always sad, so slowly learned to hide."以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!As Michael Jackson made the unfortunate transition from pop-music icon to tabloid staple，one of the most common lines of attack was on his ever-changing appearance, the way his skin dramatically lightened in color, and his face altered in structure.What's most tragic about Jackson's death, aside from the fact that it comes as he was mounting a comeback to include a sold-out 50-show residence at London's 02 Arena，is that what people will remember about him is his changing face. What they should remember：The way he changed the face of pop music.Jackson first came to prominence as the pint-size nucleus of his family band, the Jackson 5. He quickly became the focal point of the group because of his popular cuteness and, of course, that voice. What was so remarkable about the young Michael was his ability to co mmunicate youthful innocence’ or premature wisdom, or sometimes both at the same time. It was no small feat for the same preteen to credibly deliver shrewd stories of love and loss like “I Want You Back" and "The Love You Save", as well as he carried off c utesy soul ditties like “ ABC" and "Rockin' Robin". He led the group to four No. 1 singles.But his watershed moments came after he came out of his awkward teenage years. At 20, Jackson starred in the film version of The Wiz, at which point he met Quincy Jones, who agreed to produce his fifth solo album, Off the Wall. The record was a mature, sexy blend of pop soul with a heavy, danceable discogroove. Having spent his earlier years trying to straddle vocal adolescence，he effortlessly became an adult. It certainly helped that Jackson was so adept at using that voice, and that he had a set of amazing songs to work with, among them "Don't Stop Til You Get Enough" and “Rock With You", in which Jackson sings lyrics that perfectly describe his own gifted footwork："When you dance, there's a magic that must be love.“As stunning an artistic statement as Off the Wall was, it did little to prepare anyone for the cultural phenomenon that was his subsequent album, Thriller. Jackson’s goal was to create an album in which every song was a hit. He didn't quite accomplish that, but he did create a classic pop album that fans zealously snatched up (to the tune of an estimated 100 million copies worldwide to date) and that solidified his status as the King of Pop. Debate still rages about whether Off the Wall or Thriller is stronger as an album. But the sea change Jackson created with Thriller had less to do with the music than with the medium.At the height of MTV, Jackson became the first black artist to create a fan base using his image rather than in spite d it. His grasp of performance and presentation remains without parallel.Jackson's subsequent albums failed to reach the heights of Thriller. But Jackson retained his knack for spectacle. Every music video he released was a major event, which is why MTV's lifetime-achievement statue at its annual awards show still bears his name. As a singer, as a songwriter, as a performer, as a dancer, Jackson remains among the most gifted ’ imaginative ’ larger-than-life musician of any race that has ever come along. Whatever changed about him over the years, that certainly didn't.1. According to Paragraph Two, which of the following is NOT true aboul Jackson's tragic death?[A] He had been busy preparing for his comeback shows before he died. [B] The tickets to his comeback shows had been sold out before he died. [C] His ever-changing appearance had negative effects on him. [D] People don't remember the way he changed the face of pop music.2. Which of the following is true about Jackson's songs mentioned in this passage?[A] "I Want You Back", "The Love You Save", "ABC" and "Rockin' Robin" were the four No. 1 singles of Jackson 5.[B] Jackson failed to convey the meaning trf love and loss in the songs "I Want You Back" and "The Love You Save".[C] "Don't Stop Til You Get Enough" and "Rock With You" were from Off the Wall, which was his first solo album.[D] Jackson's wonderful dancing skills were vividly described in the lyrics of “ Rock With You".3. "Straddle" in Paragraph Four can be best replaced by[A] deal with. [B] get over. [C] avoid. [D] end.4. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph Five?[A] Every song in Thriller was a success.[B] Thriller was more successful than Off the Wall.[C] Jackson had already been recognized as the King of Pop before Thriller. [D] Some of Jackson's fans still minded his image as a black person.5. The tone of the passage can be best described as[A] commendatory. [B] derogatory. [C] critical. [D] neutral.2009年6月25日.美国“流行天王”迈克尔杰克逊在洛杉矾突发心脏病离世,终年50岁。
专业八级英语考试阅读备考复习题及拓展解析
专业八级英语考试阅读备考复习题及拓展解析专业八级英语考试阅读备考复习题及拓展解析勤能补拙是良训，一分辛劳一分才。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业八级英语考试阅读备考复习题及拓展解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!The Relationship between Brain Process with Mental ExperienceBy 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processesto mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Suchvariations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitationthreshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cellsremained negligible in significance for any possible correlationwith the manifold dimensions of mental experience.Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation,such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervousenergy, However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentialsfailed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methodsrefined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality ofthe impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead toinfluence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance amongnerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as“common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the qualityof the sensory nerve impulses thatdetermines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but, rather, the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidencefor this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field ofthe cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriatemodality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditorysensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in thesize, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneuralcorrelations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemedmuch more remarkable than any of the minute differences.However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth,movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the samecortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brainexcitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Braintheory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relativelyhomogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses throughhomogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experiencepsychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerveimpulses.1. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental experience are related wouldmost likely have been met with[A] vexation [B] irritability [C] discouragement [D] neutrality2. The author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the[A] lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings.[B] similarities in the views of the scientists.[C] similarity of sensations of human beings.[D] continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system.3. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 16—19?[A] Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area of thebrain stimulated.[B] Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can now be studied more accurately.[C] Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors theyproduce.[D] Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions.4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitativevariation?[A] Nerve cells. [B] Nerve impulses.[C] Cortical areas. [C] Spatial patterns of nerve impulses.答案详解：1. C. 令人失望。
英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第4章 英语专业八级能力提升篇
商业经济类（Passage83～88）Passage83题材：商业经济类字数：779建议用时：7分钟It's widely known that more than half of all corporate mergers and acquisitions end in failure.Like many marriages,they are often fraught with irreconcilable cultural and financial differences.Yet M&A activity was up sharply in2013and reached pre-recession levels this year.So why do companies keep at it?Because it's an easy way to make a quick buck and please Wail Street.Increasingly,business is serving markets rather than markets serving business,as they were originally meant to do in our capitalist system.For a particularly stark example,consider American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer's recent bid to buy British drugmaker AstraZeneca.The deal made little strategic sense and would probably have destroyed thousands of jobs as well as slowed research at both companies.(Public outcry to that effect eventually helped scuttle the plan.)But it would have allowed Pfizer to shift its domicile to Britain,where companies pay less tax.That,in turn,would have boosted share prices in the short term,enriching the executives paid in stock and the bankers, lawyers and other financial intermediaries who stood to gain about half a billion dollars or so in fees from the deal.Pfizer isn't alone.Plenty of firms engage in such tax wizardry(巫术).This kind of short-term thinking is starting to dominate executive suites.Besides taxavoidance,Wall Street's marching orders to corporate America include dividend payments and share buybacks,which sap long-term growth plans.It also demands ever more globalized supply chains,which make balance sheets look better by cutting costs but add complexity and risk.All of this hurts longer-term,more sustainable job and value creation.As a recent article on the topic by academic Gautam Mukunda in the Harvard Business Review noted, "The financial sector's influence on management has become so powerful that a recent survey of chief financial officers showed that78%would give up economic value and55%would cancel a project with a positive net present value--that is,willingly harm their companies--to meet Wall Street's targets and fulfill its desire for'smooth'earnings."Some of this can be blamed on the sheer size of the financial sector.Many thought that the economic crisis and Great Recession would weaken the power of markets.In fact,it only strengthened finance's grip on the economy.The largest banks are bigger than they were before the recession,while finance as a percentage of the economy is about the same size.Overall,the industry earns 30%of all corporate profit while creating just6%of the country's jobs.And financial institutions are still doing plenty of tricky things with our money. Legendary investor Warren Buffett recently told me he's steering well clear of exposure to commercial securities like the complex derivatives being sliced and diced by major banks.He expects these"weapons of mass destruction"to cause problems for our economy again at some point.There's a less obvious but equally important way in which Wall Street distorts the economy:by defining"shareholder value"as short-term returns.If a CEO misses quarterly earnings by even a few cents per share,activist investors will push for that CEO to be fired.Yet the kinds of challenges companies face today--how to shift to entirely new digital business models, where to put operations when political risk is on the rise,how to anticipate the future costs of health,pensions and energy--are not quarterly problems.They are issues that will take years,if not decades,to resolve.Unfortunately,in a world in which the average holding period for a stock is about seven months, down from seven years four decades ago,CEOs grasp for the lowest-hanging fruit.They label tax-avoidance schemes as"strategic"and cut research and development in favor of sending those funds to investors in the form of share buybacks.All of this will put American firms at a distinct disadvantage against global competitors with long-term mind-sets.McKinsey Global Institute data shows that between now and2025,7out of10of the largest global firms are likely to come from emerging markets,and most will be family-owned businesses not beholden to(感激)the markets.Of course,there's plenty we could do policy-wise to force companies and markets to think longer term--from corporate tax reform to bans on high-speed trading to shifts in corporate compensation.But just as Wall Street has captured corporate America,so has it captured Washington.Few mainstream politicians on either side of the aislehave much interest in fixing things,since they get so much of their financial backing from the Street.Unfortunately for them,the fringes of their parties--and voters--do care.1.What would the author like to illustrate by the example of Pfizer's bid?A.More than half of all corporate mergers and acquisitions end in failure.B.They are often fraught with irreconcilable cultural and financial differences.C.It's an easy way to make a quick buck and please Wall Street.D.Business is serving markets rather than markets serving business.2.It can be inferred that"smooth earnings"include the following EXCEPT_____．A.tax avoidanceB.dividend paymentsC.better account balanceD.lower costs3.Wall Street's distortion of the economy may causemercial securities to be diced by big banksB.mass destruction of American economyC.failure to solve strategic problems of companiesD.CEOs to shorten their holding period for a stock4.The author closes the passage with a_____note.A.cautiousB.warningC.sarcasticD.humorous5.What kind of thinking is starting to dominate executive suites?6.In what way does Wall Street distort the economy?7.According to the author,what is the root cause of faulty mergers and acquisitions?【答案及解析】1.D由题干中的Pfizer's bid定位至第二段，该段提到“The deal made little strategicsense and would probably have destroyed thousands of jobs as well as slowed research at both companies.”即这一竞投收购活动会对生产发展和创造就业岗位带来负面影响，但之后又提到该协议可以少付税款，满足决策者等高级管理层和金融界从业人员的短期利益，由此结合题目可知选项D描述正确。
专业英语八级-阅读理解专项试题(三)
专业英语八级-阅读理解专项试题(三)一、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共60小题,共60.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.第1题People are moving to cities in droves. In 1950, two-thirds of the worlds' population lived in the countryside. New York was then the only settlement with more than 10 million people. Today there are 20 such megacities, and more are on the way.Most of these megacities are in developing countries that are struggling to cope with both the speed and the scale of human migration. Estimates of the future spread of urbanization are based on the observation that in Europe, and in North and South America, the urban share of the total population has stabilized at 75%--85%. If the rest of the world follows this path it is expected that in the next decade an extra 100 million people will join the cities of Africa, and 340 million the cities of Asia: the equivalent of a new Bangkok every two months. By 2030 nearly two-thirds of the world's population will be urban.In the long run, that is good news. If countries now industrialising follow the pattern of those that have already done so, their city-dwellers will be both more prosperous and healthier. Man is gregarious species, and the Words "urbane" and "civilised" both derive from the advantages of living in large settlements.History also shows, though, that the transition can be uncomfortable. The slums of Manchester were, in their time, just as awful as those of Nairobi today. But people moved there for exactly the same reason: however nasty conditions seemed, the opportunities of urban life outstripped those of the countryside. The question is how best to handle the change.If there is one thing that everybody agrees on, it is that urbanization is unstoppable. Migrants attempting to escape poverty, and refugees escaping conflict, are piling into cities in what the executive director of UN-HABITAT, Anna, Tibailjuka, describes as "premature urbanization." Dr Tibaijuka believes it might be possible to slow the pace of migration from the countryside with policies that enhance security and rural livelihoods. There is room for debate, though, over whether better rural development in any form can seriously slow the pace of urbanisation -- or even whether such a slowdown would be a good thing.Michael Mutter, an urban planning adviser at the British government's Department for International Development (DFID), says that the relevant模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！indicators suggest that in many countries the effective "carrying capacity" of rural areas has been reached. As happened in Europe in the 18th century, population growth and technological improvements to agriculture are creating a surplus population. That surplus has to go somewhere to earn its living.Indeed, some people go so far so to argue that governments, international donors and aid agencies spend too much on rural development and neglect the cities. Most countries have a rural development policy, but only a few have urban ones. DFID, for example, spends only 5% of its budget directly on urban development. Moreover, these critics point out that, although rural areas often have worse sanitation, illiteracy and homelessness than cities, such figures are deceptive. Being illiterate, homeless or without access to a flush toilet are far more serious problems in a crowded city than in the countryside.Of the many lessons being learnt from past urban-development failures, one of the most important is that improvements must involve local people in a meaningful way. Even when it comes to the poorest slumdwellers, some governments and city authorities are realizing that people are their own greatest assets. Slumdwellers International is a collection of "grassroots" federations of people living in slums. Its idea is simple. Slum-dwellers in a particular place get together and form a federation to strengthen local savings and credit schemes, and to lobby for greater co- operation with the authorities. Such federations are having a big impact on slum-upgrading schemes around the world.By surveying local needs and acting as voices for slum-dwellers, these federations have been able to show the authorities that slum-dwellers are not simply a homogenous and anonymous mass of urban poor, but are real people in need of real services. They have also been able to apply pressure for improvements in security of tenure-- either through temporary guarantees of residency or, better still, formal ownership. Such secure tenure gives people an incentive to improve their dwellings and is thus the crucial first step to upgrading a slum into a suburb.Over the past six years, South Africa's government has been pursuing an active programme of housing improvement. The government quickly realized that, with the poor in the majority, providing social housing for all would be impossible. The minister for housing, Sakie Mthembi-Mahanyele, says the approach that has worked so far has been a combination of government, the private sector and the poor themselves. The poor, says Mrs Mthembi-Mahanyele, have responsibilities, and the government meets them halfway. Those with an income are expected to contribute some of it to the building of their houses. Those without are asked to contribute "sweat equity" by helping to build with their own hands.South Africa has also transferred ownership of more than 380,000 council 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！。
英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第2章 英语专业八级基础阅读篇
商业经济类（Passage13～18）Passage13题材：商业经济类字数：587建议用时：6分钟In recent years rums have stuffed a lot more money into their final-salary pension schemes.With a fair wind from more favorable markets,that helped to plug the big deficits that had emerged.Now it turns out that some of the improvement may be illusory.The Pensions Regulator said this week in a consultation paper that it will insist on tougher assumptions about longevity trends when the trustees responsible for the schemes get actuarial valuations.The new guidance will increase pension liabilities.Actuaries have been caught out by startling falls in death rates among older people.In the1980s life expectancy for men aged65rose by a year.In the1990s it went up by two years,and official forecasts suggest that it will increase by2.5years in the current decade.Gains for women aged65,who live longer than men,have been less dramatic—an extra year a decade in the1980s and1990s—but they have also picked up,to1.5years,in the2000s.These big improvements reflect especially steep falls in death rates for people born between1920and1945.A crucial question is how much longer this“golden cohort”will lead the way to lower mortality.According to the regulator,55%of pension schemes have been assuming that the big declines in death rates will taper away to more normal falls by2020;11%that they will fade by2010;and virtually allthe others have paid no heed to the phenomenon.The watchdog wants schemes to pick2040as the date when the golden cohort's super-fast mortality reductions draw to an end.It is also serving notice on valuations that assume an eventual end to improvements in longevity.Instead they should allow for future falls in death rates of at least1%a year.The scope for further gains in life expectancy is clear in the gap between Britain and other countries where longevity is higher,especially for women.The new guidance may be more realistic but it will be a cold shower for firms with final-salary schemes.It will raise life expectancy assumptions for people retiring today by two to three years.According to the regulator,an increase of a year pushes up pension-scheme liabilities by2.5%,which suggests that they would rise by between5%and7.5%.Some accountancy firms even think that the liabilities will rise by as much as10%.The watchdog's tough line on longevity is not the only worry for firms with final-salary schemes.In a recent discussion paper,the Accounting Standards Board called tot the discount rate,which is used to calculate the present value of future pensions,to be based on government rather than high-quality corporate bonds. This would push up pension-scheme liabilities,which vary inversely with the discount rate;because gilts are safer than company debt and so have a lower yield.Like the regulator's guidance on longevity,the ASB's proposal injects realism.If companies generally become more likely to default,then corporate-bond spreads —the extra interest they pay compared with gilts—will rise.Perversely,that willshrink pension-plan liabilities even though the firms backing the schemes have become less creditworthy.It will take several years for the ASB's new approach,if adopted,to affect company accounts.Yet,together with the regulator's move on longevity,the reform could have an unfortunate consequence for pension-scheme members.More firms may conclude that maintaining a defined-benefit scheme—even one closed to new members—is the financial equivalent of running up the down escalator.1.Why will the new guidance increase pension liabilities?A.Because it can plug the big deficits that have emerged.B.Because it will raise life expectancy assumptions.C.Because it may be more realistic.D.Because the scope for further gains in life expectancy is clear in the gap between Britain and other countries.2.According to the passage,what role do the trustees responsible for the schemesplay?A.They issue notice on actuarial valuations that assume an end to improvements in longevity.B.They help the regulator make tougher assumptions about longevity trends.C.They appraise demographic change in order to estimate future liabilities.D.They reflect steep falls in death rates for people born between1920and1945.3.“...gilts are safer than company debt and so have a lower yield”(Para.7)meansthat_____.A.corporate bonds of high quality vary inversely with the discount rateB.corporate bonds are not as safe as gilt-edged securities in investment yieldC.corporate bonds are focused on present value instead of future yieldpany debt can yield very low interest4.Which of the following statements does NOT contain a metaphor?A.Now it tarns out that some of the improvement may be illusory.B…but it will be a cold shower for firms with final-salary schemes.C.With a fair wind from more favorable markets,that helped to plug the big deficits that had emerged.D…is the financial equivalent of running up the down escalator.5.What does the conclusion of more firms at the end of the passage seem tosuggest?【答案及解析】1.B推断题。
英语专业八级（阅读理解）练习试题及答案
英语专业八级（阅读理解）练习试题及答案一、问答题（共7题，共70分）1.As Gilbert White，Darwin ， and others observed long ago，all species appear to have theinnate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task forecologistsis to untangle the environmentaand biologicalfactorsthat hold this intrinsiccapacity for poppation growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamicbehaviorsexhibitedby differentpoppationmakes thistaskmore difficpt：sompoppations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regpar cycles ofabundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that arein some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscopeof patterns ， one school of thought proposespiding poppations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steadypoppations havedensity-dependent growth parameters; that is， rates ofbirth ， death ，and migrationwhich depend strongly on poppation density. The highly varying poppationshave density-independent growth parameters， with vital rates buffeted by environmentalevents ;these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of poppationdensity.This dichotomy has its uses， but it can cause problems if taken too literally. Forone thing ， no poppation can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all thetime. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth， death ， and migration rates may befluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages ， ifthere were nodensity-dependenteffects ，the poppationwopd ， in the long run ， eitherincrease or decrease without bound (barringa miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。
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第3章英语专业八级标准阅读篇人物记述类（Passage 31～38）Passage 31题材：人物记述类字数：711 建议用时：7分钟Not long ago, Ted Gup opened a battered old suitcase from his mother's attic and discovered a family secret. Inside was a thick sheaf of letters addressed to "B. Virdot," all dated December 1933, all asking for help. Also inside: 150 canceled checks signed by the mysterious Virdot.Gup, a journalism professor at Boston's Emerson College, quickly got to the bottom of the story: His grandfather Samuel Stone had used the pseudonym to slip money to impoverished people. "At the time, he caused quite a stir," says Gup, who chronicles the story in A Secret Gift: How One Man's Kindness--And A Trove of Letters--Revealed the Hidden History of the Great Depression.Stone wasn't a mogul, but as the owner of a chain of clothing stores, he was fairly well off. Just before Christmas, 1933, he placed an ad in his local Canton, Ohio, newspaper, offering money to 75 people who wrote to "B. Virdot" explaining their need. The letters poured in and were so heartrending (心碎的) that he ended up giving 150 people $5--close to $84 in today's money. "I read all the letters multiple times," says Gup, who was astonished by the raw anguish of the Depression. Then he tracked down the recipients" descendants. "Most people I contacted wept whenthey learned about the letters," Gup says. "When they read the letters, they sobbed, and I had to give them room to collect themselves. It brought home what their parents and grandparents had endured" no money for food, shoes, rent, let alone anything to give their kids for Christmas. "There were instances in which the calamity of the Depression was so great that $5 barely made a dent," Gup says. "But there were others for whom it really did make a difference. It provided Christmas dinner, a few presents under the tree and at least as important, it signaled that somebody cared. In 1933. the New Deal was a glint in FDR's (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) eye; it was just beginning. There was no net to catch people when they were free-falling."Some whom Gup contacted finally understood why their parents had been able to serve a fancy meal for just that one holiday; others learned harsh truths. "The children of several letter writers were unaware that their parents had gone to jail," driven by desperation to steal to put food on the table. "That did not diminish their respect or love for their parents," he says, "but it enhanced their understanding."Gup found out that his grandfather had his own dark past. He'd been born in Romania, not--as he'd claimed--Pittsburgh; his birth certificate was phony, and he'd invented his biography. Gup speculates that, having escaped a childhood of poverty, hunger, and religious persecution ( he was Jewish), his grandfather lied to escape bias against immigrants.That Stone wasn't a saint, that he'd done whatever it took to escape adversity,helped explain his motives: He understood despair, Gup says, and that "nothing was more precious than a second chance."On November 5, the descendants of the people Stone helped are scheduled to gather at the Canton Palace Theatre in Canton to share stories and read the original letters. As for Gup, he views the legacy of the Depression as "a real appreciation of family, of collaboration and sacrifice, of respect"--what we tend to think of as American virtues. The hard times were brutal, but they did create an awareness that saw us through the Second World War and helped usher in a period of prosperity, an awareness I fear was being lost in materialism and self absorption prior to the recent great reeession. "No one in his right mind would welcome such times,"Gup says. "My family and neighbors have felt the sting of this recession. But our identity as individuals and as a nation is the product not just of good times but also of bad times. They give us our spine, our strength, our gumption, our grit (磨砺), all those things we take such pride in." "I think B. Virdot's gift is a reminder that we should all be emboldened to make an effort, no matter how modest, to extend ourselves. That's what makes the difference in all our lives. "1. According to the passage, T ed Gup _____A. is a journalist working for a collegeB. read a story entitled A Secret GiftC. found out some of the letter writersD. is a descendant of Jewish2. Reading the letters, the help-receivers' descendants cried out of_____?A. the memory of miserable daysB. the gratitude for Mr. VirdotC. the secret they didn't knowD. missing their parents3. Which statement is INCORRECT about Samuel Stone?A. He helped poor people in the name ofB. Virdot.B. He concealed his true identity as a Jewish by making up his past.C. He was born in a rich family of the upper class.D. He earned a lot of money by selling clothes.4. The author's main purpose of writing this article is to claim thatA. everybody has his dark sideB. being helpful is a valuable virtueC. economical crisis is terribleD. adversity teaches people a lot5. What is the figure of speech of "They give us our spine..." in the last paragraph?【答案及解析】1.D 文章第五段末句提到“…his grandfather lied to escape bias againstimmigrants.”，由此可知Gup是犹太人的后裔，故D正确。