剑桥雅思6阅读解析-Test1

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剑桥雅思6Test1阅读Passage1真题解析

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6Test 1 Passage1真题解析；相应的译文，请点击：剑6雅思阅读Test1passage1译文-澳大利亚的体育成就。

Test 1 Passage1Question 1答案：B关键词：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。

Question 2答案：C关键词: visual imaging/3D, image定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis …”解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。

Question 3答案：B关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达，定位答题区域，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。

Question 4答案：F关键词：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying定位原文: F段第1句话“Of course, there’s nothing…”解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从文章中发现句子有复制copying，即可以直接定位。

剑桥雅思6雅思阅读Test1passage2原文+翻译

雅思给大家带来了剑6雅思阅读Test1passage2原文+翻译-货物运输，Passage1，请点击：剑6雅思阅读Test1passage1译文-澳大利亚的体育成就。

我们还有相应的剑桥雅思6阅读解析哦!剑6下载，请点击：剑6雅思阅读Test1passage2原文+翻译-货物运输The vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the business of moving freight国际贸易规模的巨大扩张应当归功于货运业的变革A International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation’s borders.A 国际贸易正以惊人的速度不断发展。

世界经济的年均增长率略高于3%，而贸易额的年均复合增长率则高达此数字的近两倍。

外国产品几乎在各国经济中都扮演着愈加重要的角色，产品范围广及肉类制品到机械设备。

国外市场也正在吸引着那些从来不曾关心其商品在国外销路的企业。

B What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.B 国际贸易飞速发展的原因是什么呢?当然，其原因之一是贸易壁垒在全世界范围的普遍减少，比如关税的减免和进口配额的淡出。

IELTS6 TEST1 SECTION1

MAN:
Sounds good!
WOMAN:
What kind of membership are you interested in?
MAN:
Um I'm not really sure. What are theoptions?
WOMAN:
Well, there are three differentmembershipschemes.
WOMAN:
That's right.
MAN:
OK. And the price for that? Is the joining fee the same as for Gold?
WOMAN:
Actually, it'sslightlyless than the 250 pounds - it's 225pounds,buttheannualfee is only 300 pounds. Does that sound more like what you want?
WOMAN:
No, I'm sorry. Perhaps you're thinking about Fresham Sports Centre.
MAN:
Oh, right. I know it. I've playedbadmintonthere.
WOMAN:
Have you? They've got a lot offacilitieswe don't have and vice versa. We do have akeep-fit studio, which is very popular with members, and then as well as that there's swimming, of course.

剑桥雅思6-test1-小作文-折线图学习笔记

剑桥雅思6-test1-小作文题目：The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.我写的The line graph compares the proportion of population in three different countries which is 65 and older over a 100year periodover a period of 100 years.It is easy to see in the graph the figures people aged 65 and over in three different countries tend to increase from 1940 to 2040（整个句子：It is easy to see in the graph the figures people aged 65 and over in three different countries tend to increase from 1940 to 2040）, While Japan is expected to show the most drastic fluctuation.（未来的数字，用预测的被动）In 1940, Japan had the lowest rates of population aged 65 and over at 5%, while the figure for the USA was twice as Japan. And in Sweden, the number was around 7%. Until 2030, the number of Japanese elderly people is expected to stand at 10%. However, in contrast to the figures for the other countries（与其他国家的数字相比）, the number of Japan will have a considerable rise for the next 10 years.In 2040, the figure for the proportion of population aged 65 and over will be expected to go beyond 23% in all countries mentioned in the graph. Old people in Japan stand at about 28%, which is the highest rate compared to the USA and Sweden.新东方-高分范文：The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew tobefore rising to almost 5% again at the present time.In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries.Simon版本范文：The line graph compares the percentage of people（proportion of the population的同义替换）aged 65 or more（over同义替换）in three countries over a period of 100 years（小作文中描述图表涉及的年段就用这个表述，背诵）It is clear that（小作文概览段句型）the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population.In 1940, around 9% of Americans（知道具体国家人的称呼的时候可以替换国家名词）were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people. The proportions of elderly people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching just under 15%（表示仅仅少一点）in 1990. By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s.Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040（日本的老年人口比例被预测突然增加突然增加，从2030年到2040年的短短10年时间里，比例将增长15%以上）. By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively（而瑞典和美国的数字则略低，分别约为25%和23%）.积累：第一段（改写）：小作文中描述图表涉及的一段时间：over a period of 100 years第二段：第一句句型：It is clear that图表中超过三类：in each country，in three countries表示整体趋势是剧烈的增长：see the most dramatic changes数据段：直接描述数据，句子太短则用compare对比其他类别的数据：around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over，compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people.表述剧烈的百分比增长：a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan在一段时间内持续缓慢增长，然后在某一年到达了一个数字：rose gradually over the next 50 years，reaching just under 15% in 1990直到某个时候一直低于某一数字：the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000sabout 25% and 23% respectively.表示（未来）一段时间内的突然增加（从什么年代到什么年代），从什么数字到什么数字，：a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040水字数必备短语：与其他国家的数字相比：in contrast to the figures for the other countries图表中有未来的年代，描述未来的第一句：Looking into the future具体数字前面的形容词：不太确定，大概数字：around，approximately，almost，about，nearly表示只有：just over，only多：over，further，少：under，below其他：比例的同义替换：percentage of people，proportion of the population老人的同义替换：elderly people，elderly population进行比较的连接词：while，by contrast，表示未来的数据：it is thought that，is predicted for Japan ，is expected to see the most dramatic changes折线图：关于结构：第一段：第二段：概述段用一般现在时图表中如果有未来的数据，则用“预测”的被动。

剑桥雅思6Test1阅读Passage 2真题解析

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6Test 1 Passage 2真题解析；相应的译文，请点击：剑6雅思阅读Test1passage2原文+翻译-货物运输。

Test 1 Passage 2Question 14答案：I关键词：suggestion, in the future /would help定位原文: I 段最后1句“Bringing these barriers down would help…”解题思路: 首先看到题干中有明确的时间词“在未来”。

根据段意，可以判定应该是文章的最后一段。

之后看题干中的定位词suggestion表示建议，在文章结尾部分的最后一句话，可以清楚地找到它是作者对于提高贸易的一个建议，完全对应。

Question 15答案： F关键词：electronic delivery/transmitting...over telephone定位原文: F段第3句“...simply by transmitting…”解题思路: 题干中提到电子式的传递，很容易跟文章关于信息产业的F段挂钩，之后再细读本段第二句话就可以找到与题干相对应的 transmitting...over telephone。

因此，答案是F段。

Question 16答案： E关键词：similar cost Abroad, local/ Singapore, domestic定位原文: E段倒数第2句“… manufacturers in Japan or Texas…”解题思路: 题干是说“无论是国际还是国内的，在运输货物环节的相近成本。

”也就是说国内的运输和国际的运输成本基本相同，间接表明国际运输成本比较低。

而文章中此句话的意思是“即使从新加坡进口磁盘驱动器而不是在国内市场购买，日本或美国得克萨斯州的计算机制造商们也不会面对花费高出很多的运费账单”。

可以看出制造商们不用花费很高的运费，正好跟题干相应。

剑6test1 阅读解析

篇章结构体裁说明文主题澳大利亚的体育成就结构A段：澳大利亚体育成绩斐然B段：科技是第一生产力C段：精确测量和数据分析D段：精确测量和数据分析的实例E段：数据的实际应用F段：不可复制的成功必背词汇A段fair adj.合理的pro n.职业运动员demolish v.击败；破坏，毁坏under the eye of 在……的注意下rival n.竞争者，对手body n.团体，机构seeming adj.表面上的(通常事实并非如此) finance v.给……提供经费ease n.不费力，轻松excellence n.优秀，卓越extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的intensive adj.强化的underpin v.以……为稳固基础nutritional adj.营养的B段centre stage 中心地位squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作instrument n.仪器，器械golfer n.打高尔夫球的人ethereal adj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的C段come down to(sth.)可归结为wire-frame adj.线框的second-by-second 每秒的slice v.划开；切开output n.输出slow motion 慢动作wring…out of 原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从……中(经过努力)获得side-on 从侧面stroke n.划动，划水tweak v.扭，用力拉spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.举世瞩目的swivel v.旋转prototype n.原型biomechanical adj.生物力(学)的profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型velocity n.速度，速率lap n.一圈budding adj.发展中的spit out 原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出frame n.帧，画面D段turn time 转身时间immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不显眼的，不醒目的present adj.存在的sensor n.传感器saliva n.唾液embed v.使插入；使嵌入ease v.减轻，减弱sweat v.出汗，发汗remarkably adv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.实验，试验immune-system 免疫系统的E段complex adj.复杂的transform v.转换，转变，改变championship n.冠军赛arguably adv.可论证地(可辩论地)，有理由说地gear v.调整，(使)适合segment n.部分F段unveil v.展示(新产品)；揭开altitude tent 高原帐篷coolant-lined 流线型散热replicate v.复制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.减少，降低难句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurement—everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.参考译文：许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。

剑桥6 培训类阅读答案

剑桥6 培训类阅读答案剑桥雅思6test1Reading3阅读答案解析Question 27答案：i关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: B段倒数第2句“…they believe their best hope of…”解题思路: B段主要介绍了因纽特人不满足于自己袖手旁观而让外国们告知他们北极的现状，他们要把祖先的知识和现代科技进行结合来解决环境变化问题。

很明显可以看出，这是对于环境变化的一种反应和对策。

因此答案为i。

Question 28答案：vi关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: C段第1句“The Canadian Arctic…”解题思路: C段详细地描述了位于加拿大北极圈里面的地貌，而且还提及了因纽特人的祖先顽强地适应了下来并定居在这片土地上。

因此逐个分析答案可以看到只有vi符合原段意思。

Question 29答案：iii关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: D段后半部分：food / clothing / provisions / meat解题思路: 此段重点描述了过去因纽特人依靠自然提供食物和衣服，而现在则是更加先进的飞机和船运进口必需品，所以可以看出一个转变的过程。

纵观题干，不难看出答案是iii，即生活必需品的替代的来源。

Question 30答案：vii关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: E段第1句“... there has certainly been an impact on peopled health.”解题思路: 首先E段开头用while，则可判断主题句应该在后半句。

意思是这些气候变化会对人们的健康有影响。

通过下一句的举例：肥胖，心脏病和糖尿病就可以判断出是一个负面的影响那么对应题干negative effect，故答案是vii。

答案：iv关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: F段句和引言句“... the Inuit are determined to play a key role in …in the Arctic. / ...in recent years, IQ…weight.”解题思路: F段首句提出了因纽特人决定在应对北极环境变化要起关键作用。

雅思6test1小作文

雅思6test1小作文英文回答：The prompt for the IELTS writing task 1 is to describea chart or graph. In this case, I will describe a bar graph that shows the sales performance of three differentproducts in a company over a period of one year.According to the bar graph, Product A had the highest sales in the first quarter, reaching a peak of 500 units. However, its sales gradually declined over the next two quarters, reaching a low of 300 units in the fourth quarter. On the other hand, Product B started with lower sales of200 units in the first quarter but showed a steady increase in the second and third quarters, reaching a peak of 400 units. However, its sales dropped slightly to 350 units in the fourth quarter. Product C had the lowest sales throughout the year, with only 100 units in the first quarter. Its sales remained relatively stable in the second and third quarters, but then dropped to 80 units in thefourth quarter.中文回答：这个雅思写作任务1的提示是描述一个柱状图。

剑6test1阅读答案

mason. ?a start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times. all the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. techniques like these have transformed australia into arguably the worlds most successful sporting nation.
with the cooperative research centre for micro technology in melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athletes clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athletes ability to run. theres more to it than simply measuring
f of course, theres nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. some years ago, the aisunveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. at the atlanta olympic games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists and rowers times. now everyone uses them. the same has happened to the ?altitude tent,

雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析.docx

【雅思真题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based onReading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sportsteams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seemingease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensivenetwork of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At theAustralian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live andtrain under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousandsof sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilitiesand nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs morethan 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - toothers, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians whodesign instruments to collect data from athletes. They allfocus on one aim: winning. ‘We can't waste our time looking at etherealscientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exactangle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is onindividuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second’s here , an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. Itthe tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. Todemonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype ofa 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a championswimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses howher spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimmingANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collectsimages from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down eachpart of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually-stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity,start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits outdata on each swimmerD ‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the dataon the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one whofinished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of asecond down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the otherguy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better ’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to arange of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne,they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete'sclothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or anyother factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives theexample of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times ayear. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in NewSouth Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-systemprotein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fallbelow a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgAlevels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests wereintroduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful atstaying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sportsscientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.‘You design the model to make that time,' says Mason.‘A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequencyand stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is thengeared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and foreach segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australiainto arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes.At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happenedto the ‘altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training atsea level. But Australia's success story is about morethan easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicatedits all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8cameras9sensors10protein tests11altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games? READING PASSAGE 真1解析：篇章构体裁明文主澳大利的体育成就构 A 段：澳大利体育成斐然 B 段：科技是第一生力C段：精确量和数据分析 D 段：精确量和数据分析的例E 段：数据的用F 段：不可复制的成功必背A 段fair adj.合理的 pro n. 运demolish v.；破坏，坏under the eye of在⋯⋯的注意下rival n.争者，手 body n.体，机构seeming adj.表面上的 ( 通常事并非如此 ) finance v.⋯⋯提供ease n. 不力，松 excellence n.秀，卓越extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的intensive adj.化的underpin v.以⋯⋯固基nutritional adj.养的B 段centre stage中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.器，器械golfer n.打高夫球的人 ethereal adj.渺的，引申不切的C段come down to(sth.)可 wire-frame adj.框的second-by-second每秒的 slice v.划开；切开output n.出 slow motion慢作wring ⋯out of 原扭，榨取，此引申从⋯⋯中( 努力 ) 得 side-on从面stroke n.划，划水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.世瞩目的 swivel v.旋prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力 ( 学 ) 的profile n.原廓、外形，此意模型velocity n.速度，速率lap n. 一圈budding adj.展中的 spit out原是吐出，此引申示出、分析出frame n.，画面D段turn time身 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不眼的，不醒目的present adj.存在的sensor n.感器 saliva n.唾液embed v. 使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减，减弱sweat v.出汗，汗remarkably adv.著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.，immune-system免疫系的E段complex adj.复的transform v.，，改championship n.冠arguably adv.可地(可地)，有理由地gear v.整，(使)适合segment n. 部分F 段unveil v.展示(新品)；揭开altitude tent高原篷coolant-lined流型散replicate v.复制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.减少，降低句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurement—everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.参考文：多工作都涉及具体量，量内容包括从游泳运潜水的精确角度到自行运每秒功率出的所有数据。

剑6test1 阅读解析

剑桥雅思阅读6test1原文翻译及答案解析

剑桥雅思阅读6test1原文翻译及答案解析雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。

下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读6test1原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。

剑桥雅思阅读6原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one —such as building muscle strength in golfers —to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions thatdon’t hel p the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement —everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvement s that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s con tribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down?‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a s econd behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there’s no thing to stop other countries copying —and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now ever yone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.DELIVERING THE GOODSThe vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the business of moving freightA International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worriedabout sales beyond their nation’s borders.B What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.C At the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials, such as wheat, wood and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of transporting them relatively high.D Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As aresult, less transportation is required for every dollar’s worth of imports or exports.E To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world’s disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. Distance therefore poses no obstacle to the globalisation of the disk-drive industry.F This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and compact discs cost little to transport, even by aeroplane. Computer software can be ‘exported’ without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.G In many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerisation and inter-modal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to betransported on any ship. By 1967, dual-purpose ships, carrying loose cargo in the hold_and containers on the deck, were giving way to all-container vessels that moved thousands of boxes at a time.H The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business. But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. This started changing, however, in the mid-1970s, when America began to deregulate its transportation industry. First airlines, then road hauliers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they could carry, where they could haul it and what price they could charge. Big productivity gains resulted. Between 1985 and 1996, for examp le, America’s freight railways dramatically reduced their employment, trackage, and their fleets of locomotives —while increasing the amount of cargo they hauled. Europe’s railways have also shown marked, albeit smaller, productivity improvements.I In America the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost over, but in most countries the process still has far to go. State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world’s economies grow even closer.hold: ship’s storage area below beckQuestions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14 a suggestion for improving trade in the future15 the effects of the introduction of electronic delivery16 the similar cost involved in transporting a product from abroad or from a local supplier17 the weakening relationship between the value of goods and the cost of their deliveryQuestions 18-22Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this18 International trade is increasing at a greater rate than the world economy.19 Cheap labour guarantees effective trade conditions.20 Japan imports more meat and steel than France.21 Most countries continue to prefer to trade with nearby nations.22 Small computer components are manufactured in Germany.Questions 23-26Complete the summary using the list of words, A-K, below.Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.THE TRANSPORT REVOLUTIONModern Cargo-handing methods have had a significanteffect on 23............ as the business of moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined.Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24............ from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The introduction of 25............ has meant that bulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce 26............: in order to free up the domestic cargo sector.A tariffsB componentsC container shipsD outputE employeesF insurance costsG trade H freight I faresJ software K international standardsREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Question 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-32 on you answer sheet.List of Headingsi The reaction of the Inuit community to climate changeii Understanding of climate change remains limitediii Alternative sources of essential suppliesiv Respect for Inuit opinion growsv A healthier choice of foodvi A difficult landscapevii Negative effects on well-beingviii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arcticix The benefits of an easier existenceExample AnswerParagraph A viii27 Paragraph B28 Paragraph C29 Paragraph D30 Paragraph E31 Paragraph F32 Paragraph GClimate Change and the InuitThe threat posed by climate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada’s Inuit peopleA Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects — if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what’s going on because they consider the Arctic the ‘canary in the mine’ for global warming —a warning of what’s in store for the rest of the world.B For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precariousbalance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what’s happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country’s newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people.D Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It’s currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one ofthe most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around ￡7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.E While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people’s health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut’s ‘igloo and email’ society, where adults who were born in igloos ha ve children who may never have been out on the land, there’s a high incidence of depression.F With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as ‘Intelligence Quotient’, or IQ. ‘In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don’t know very much so we won’t ask them,’ says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. ‘But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.’ In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn downapplications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.G Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn’t go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we’re seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.Questions 33-40Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.Write you answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in 33............... as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 34...............and 35...............as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The 36...............people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37............... . In recent years, many of them have been obliged togive up their 38............... lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39............... for their food and clothes.40...............produce is particularly expensive.剑桥雅思阅读6原文参考译文(test1)TEST 1 PASSAGE 1参考译文：AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS澳大利亚的体育成就A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.A他们努力竞争，他们积极参与，他们参加比赛完全为了取胜。

剑桥雅思6test1section1

KEY ：
1.（a) keep-fit (studio) 2.swimming 3.yoga 4.(a) salad bar 5.500 6.1
7.10(am),4.30(pm)
8.180 9.assessment 10.Kynchley
WOMAN: Well,at the moment we offer kick-boxing. We‘re planing to add judo and stretch classes soon. We're currently running a range of ___________classes,too. yoga relaxing MAN: What about __________ after exercise?I assume restaurant you have a __________or something. WOMAN: At the moment,we've got a salad bar ______________which is very popular.We'll also have a fully-licensed restaurant by the end of the year. MAN: Sounds good!
n. 估价，评估 vt. 限制，约束 adj. 受限制的 n. 尝试; 实验沙拉吧台金银青铜 n.教官，教师
KEY 1
WOMAN: Good morning, oh sorry, it‘s gone 12,I’ll start again, good afternoon ,Kingswell Sports Club, how can I help you? MAN: Oh, Good afternoon.I was wondering if you could give me some information about membership and facilities 设备（equipments）. WOMAN: Of course.What would you like to know? tennis courts MAN: Do you have ________________,for example? WOMAN: No,I‘m afraid we don’t.We‘re primarily 首要的 a _____________________. golf club

雅思阅读难点解析CambridgeIELTS6：Test1

上篇剑桥雅思真题系列VI中的Test 1在雅思考试中的整体难度中稍显偏难,其中个别题尤其令考⽣颇费周折,本⽂将就这些难点做以解析,希望对⼴⼤的雅思考⽣能有所帮助. 在阅读考试的主流题型中,段落细节配对题Matching 的难度可算是众所周知的,不仅阅读量⼤,对考⽣的综合理解能⼒要求⾼,⽽且要善于辨析,因为⼲扰答案往往包含那些与正确答案极为接近的信息,此时就需要考⽣具备良好的⼼理素质和扎实的功底,以及对考试题型特点的洞察. 在Passage 1 / Test 1中,Questions 1-7 就是Passage 1中对考⽣挑战的题⽬,不仅题量⼤,⽽且在顺序上也极为不利,在三种题型中位居第⼀,使得⼀些缺乏实战经验和没有意识到题⽬顺序可调的考⽣在答题伊始就⾯临纠结和困难的境地.这时如果考⽣接受过良好的考前培训,练就了⼀些应考必备的素质,就可以化难为简. Questions 1 – 7 Which paragraph contains the following information? NB You may use any letter more than once. 1. a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports 2. an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations 3. a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity 4. how some AIS ideas have been reproduced 5. how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated 6. an overview of the funded support of athletes 7. how performance requirements are calculated before an event 本⽂试解析⼀下其中较难的Question 3, 5 & 7. 细节配对题具备的⼀个明显特征是绝对乱序,这意味着不可依据顺序原则到原⽂中依次对应查读,也是构成配对题难度⾼的最重要原因.因此考⽣应该把握好两点:⾸先是明确题⽬的核⼼意义,据此划出关键词;其次是对于原⽂写作思路和顺序的理解,以便依据⽂章内容的逻辑顺序定位. 当然,若能顺利地根据关键词通过scanning 的对应扫描⽅式轻松定位,答题的效率很更⾼. 如果考⽣训练有素,还应该会考虑到该篇⽂章所对应的全部3种题型:Matching, Classification & Short Answer之间的不同特点,并按照先易后难的顺序来处理:先做Short Answer Questions 12 & 13的细节判断题,然后进⾏Classification Questions8-11,最后再应对Matching Questions1-7, 会更利于学⽣快速⾼效地解题. 就上述第3题⽽⾔,⾸先需要划出关键词来帮助定位.narrowing 和research 是整个表达中的核⼼意义:"缩减研究活动的范围的原因".在之前做Question 1时有涉及到Paragraph B, 内容是AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one – such as building music strength in golfers – to others, such as swimming and squash. 考⽣应由此联想到和本题之间的关系.既然⽂章中谈到对各种运动技巧的研究并互相借鉴,那就有可能涉及到研究范围,从⽽谈及和"缩减"相关的内容.但即便考⽣洞察到这⼀点,在查读的过程中,仍需考虑到substitution – 同意代换的问题.在本段的Line 5出现了 They all focus on one aim: Winning. "We can't waste our time looking at…" 应该引起读者的充分联想和注意.句中:'We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,'… 不仅说明不可以在⼀些⽆⾜轻重的科研问题上浪费时间（缩减研究范围: narrowing the scope）,⽽且也利⽤定语从句道明了原因（reason）:不能实际上帮助教练提⾼运动员成绩.所以,Question 3的答案应为:B 接下来看第5题,显然在statement中obstacles 和achievement是整个意义表达的核⼼,由于⽆顺序可⾔,考⽣应从⽂章整体的逻辑顺序来考虑,或者通过scanning 对应查读.由于本篇⽂章的题⽬'Australia's Sporting Success'所揭⽰的⾏⽂类型及风格并不能如实验类⽂章那样有典型的写作套路,利于读者洞悉顺序,所以⽐较可⾏的做法是通过寻找关键词,对应查读来寻找答案. 充分扫描除B, C, F段（分别为Question 1, 2, 3, 4 的答案）以外的其他段落,在D段的Line 8末尾出现了impact 和athlete's ability,可视作分别是 obstacles 和achievement的同意代换,细读本句:With the Cooperative Research Centre for MicroTechnology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. 可知答案就在此处,为D. 该题⽬的难点不在词汇,上述2对代换的单词对绝⼤部分考⽣来讲并不构成挑战.令考⽣感到困惑的是定位,⽆从下⼿.对于⼀个拥有丰富经验的考⽣来讲,要很快意识到应该调整思路,转换⽅式.如果难以从段落之间的脉络来把握考点,就要尽快转到以对应查读的⽅式来定位,不可以刻板死守. 但是,有经验的读者也会由段⾸句的'… pulling out a sheet of data'中的data 联想到'检测''研究'等,从⽽和题⽬中的'obstacle / achievement' 联系起来,亦可殊途同归,最终获得答案. 另外,在这之前如果先做过了分类题的话,其中的Question 9 已经涉及这部分的内容,考⽣就更容易了解该段中有提及"将sensors 安放在运动员的⾐服⾥⽤来检测… 以及对运动员的赛跑能⼒带来负⾯打击的其它因素",也同意可以很快找到答案. Question 7: ⾸先要找准关键词.据笔者的观察,⼀名中等程度的⼤学在读学⽣经过系统的考前培训后,通常在寻找关键词⽅⾯都没有问题,但仍有⼀⼩部分考⽣会在这种应对细节判断题的过程之初,还在找关键词阶段,就败下阵来,这些同学需要在2⽅⾯加强:⼀是词汇量,词汇匮乏会严重影响到选择关键词的质量;⼆是练习,输⼊量越⼤,阅读能⼒越强,对核⼼意义的领悟能⼒越强. 该题⽬中performance 和 calculated 是核⼼意义.答题进⾏到最后⼀个时,不仅考⽣在⼼理上会相对轻松,利于发挥以外,题⽬难度也从实质上降低了,因为选择的范围极⼤地缩⼩了,这意味着阅读的效率提⾼了.在分别排除了段落A, B, C, D和 F后,所剩只有⼀个段落:E. 但E段丝毫没有出现数字的迹象,因为题⽬中有提及calculated, 按经验⽽论,出现阿拉伯数字的可能性是极⼤的.但E段却是个例外,只有⾸句'Using data is a complex business'能够略为增加信⼼.读下去就发现⽂中有⼀些斜体印刷的单词 that, this, these. ⽽事实上正是这些变体印刷的单词符合了题⽬中how performance requirements are calculated 的内容. 在该篇⽂章的Questions 8-11的Classification中,笔者谨以第9题举例说明考⽣应特别关注的地⽅. Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they A are currently exclusively used by Australians B will be used in the future by Australians C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals 9. sensors 按照对应扫描的查读⽅式,在D段中出现了'With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.'.在判断是否是澳洲/其他国家⽬前/将来在使⽤这种技术时,考⽣的⽬光⾃然转向了涉及到地点的Melbourne ,但若此时⼀味求速度⽽草率作答,则是不可取的.应充分注意到上⽂还有'With the…',从⽽返回前⽂阅读,上⽂中出现了AIS, ⽽由第⼀段得知AIS是指 the Australian Institute of Sport, ⽅可确定答案为:B 在本⽂的第三种题型Short Answer 中,Question 12也成为了⼀部分同学的拦路虎. 12. What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event? 在进⾏短答题时,⾸先需明⽩答案的类属,是什么性质的内容;其次要了解其根本特征.上述问句中 produced 和plan分别揭⽰了这2⽅⾯的内容.What is produced 说明是⼀种产品或技术, plan 说明是在赛事前的准备阶段. 返回原⽂查读,在E段中不仅有特殊符号的'competition model'引⼈注意,还出现了well before, 来应对题⽬中plan 所揭⽰的内容.细读全句:Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a'competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times. 该题的特点是学⽣必须能理解其中的同意代换,才能做出正确的答案.上⽂中before和prepare 是对题⽬中plan的代换,championship （锦标赛）是题⽬中event（赛事）的代换produced 在⽂章中体现为developing, 这样以来,what is produced 就昭然若揭了:a 'competition model'. 总⽽⾔之,考⽣在应对每篇⽂章的不同题型时,除了需加强实⼒外,还需掌握⼀些应对策略,在使⽤这些策略时⼜不可以过于刻板,有时不仅需要'同题异做'（另案讨论）,还需考虑到⼀篇passage ⾥⾯不同题型的先后解题顺序,以便在有效的时间⾥限度地优化成绩,⽽所有上述这些要领的把握都需要实践练习来巩固. 下篇剑桥真题Test 1的Passage 2（Delivering The Goods）⽆论在本次考试的三篇⽂章中还是雅思整体考试的平均⽔平中都算是难度不低,⼀⽅⾯是因为涉及到海上运输的具体细节,不是每⼀位同学都能熟悉这个话题并很快适应;另⼀⽅⾯是题⽬的题型所带来的难度,其中2种难度较⾼的题型Matching 和带有box的Summary 都出现了,下⾯笔者将就本⽂出现的难点做⼀解析. 当考⽣注意到这篇⽂章后⾯的三种不同的题型时,应该意识到要将做题顺序做⼀调整.通常对于⼤多数考⽣⽽⾔,尤其是中国⼤陆的考⽣,对于细节判断题的TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN 领悟较好,所以应考虑先做,这样不仅合理地争取了时间,也利于增强⾃信⼼;⽽接下来应该应对的是位于最后的Summary, 虽然难度也不低,不过填空题历来便于定位的信息⽐较丰富,所以⽐起Questions 14-17的⾼难度题matching,可以考虑先做,将Matching放在最后再做,这样统筹安排做的最巧妙之处就在于限度地保证了正确率,将最充裕的时间分配给了最有把握的题⽬,⽽且做Matching 时可以有效利⽤前⾯细节题的阅读所带来的信息,考⽣会发现容易得多了. 然⽽即便是细节判断题的T / F / NG, 答题过程也并⾮⼀帆风顺,下⾯试讨论其中⼀道可能会令很多考⽣困惑的⼀道难题. Questions 18-22 19. Cheap labor guarantees effective trade conditions. 先找出代表句中的核⼼意义的词,划出关键词 cheap labor和effective,按照顺序原则考⽣会来到Paragraph B对应查读,在Line 7⼀句中出现了Cheap labor may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages. 对于上述题⽬的判断难度并⾮来⾃对于句⼦本⾝细节的理解,本句中并没有出现⼤词,难词,句⼦本⾝的意思并不难理解,⽽是对整句所表达出的语⽓的理解,只有具备⼀定的综合理解能⼒,善于把握全局,甚⾄将本段置于全篇的背景下去理解,才会真正明⽩写作者的深意. 句中前半部分'Cheap labor may make Chinese clothing competitive in America,'与题⽬中的句⼦表达意思吻合,这会令⼀部分考⽣理解为与原⽂⼀致,从⽽确定答案为TRUE, ⽽事实上,有经验的考⽣会⽐较关注but后⾯的并列分句,因为这往往是作者的重⼼所在,是作者真正要表达的语⽓,所以,'trade may lose its advantages'代表了全句的真正含义,本题的正确答案为: FALSE.个别学⽣会纠缠在if delays in shipment… 只是⼀个条件状语从句,表达的是假设,那就意味着不⼀定会实际上发⽣,最终还是以前⾯的分句作为理解的重⼼,这种错误和纠结充分表现出学⽣在依托全篇背景的基础上对细节理解能⼒⽅⾯的⽋缺.学⽣⼀⽅⾯应该增加阅读量,另⼀⽅⾯需要有针对性的练习. Passage 3中的难度相对于前2篇有进⼀步的提升,表现在话题（Climate Change and the Inuit）和题型⽅⾯（List of Headings & Summary）这对考⽣⽆疑是个不⼩的挑战.除了有8道题之多的Summary 以外,List of Headings也有6道题之多. 在List of Headings 中,和⼤多数其他考题⼀样,同⼀篇⽂章的其他细节判断题所涉及的信息能为1-2道Headings 题的判断提供帮助,本篇⽂章中Summary 所涉及的信息都集中在Paragraph C和D两段中,这就为Questions 28（Paragraph C）和29（Paragraph D）提供了帮助,所以善于统筹,训练有素的考⽣会先解决这2道题,很快得出答案vi 和iii. 这⾥笔者想要讨论的是⽐较会令考⽣困惑的 Questions 31 & 32. 第31题要求找出F段的⼤意的选项,若按照常规阅读该段的⾸句,认为topic sentence 可以揭⽰⼤意,在这⼀段就难以奏效了,因为⾸句'With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic.'主要是衔接了上⼀句的语⽓,虽然也有意义上的递进（the Inuit are determined to…）但对本段将要表达的核⼼意义的揭⽰还不到位,⽽是将中⼼意思后移⾄第3句话: And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as …,此时才能在List 中找到对应的选项iv. Respect for Inuit opinion grows. 这就提⾼了对考⽣在阅读速度,良好的阅读习惯以及对核⼼意义的领悟⽅⾯的考察难度,考⽣应进⾏充分的针对性练习,提升这⽅⾯的能⼒. Question 32 考察的是G段的段落⼤意.通常⽂章的最后⼀段表达的是写作者对于讨论的现象的⼀种前景展望,建议或提出新的任务,课题等,所以相对简单.本段的⾸句虽然也⼀定程度地提⽰了答案:Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because …,不过仍显不充分,要想确定答案: Understanding of climate change remains limited, 必须将⼀个相对完整的⼀群读完,⾄第3句:There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific… 才能明了⼤意,选出正确答案ii. Understanding of climate change remains limited. 考⽣应通过上述个例逐渐洞悉考⽅的考察⼒度和宗旨,就是充分考察学⽣的实⼒,并且考核⾯越加全⾯,完善,考⽣应充分领会,通过提⾼英语的综合实⼒来应对考⽅的要求.。

雅思真题模拟剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题模拟及解析

雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析【雅思真题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others inuniversities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through thewater, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmerD ‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do muchbetter’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by。

剑桥雅思6阅读解析

READING PASSAGE 1stun [ ] vt. 使晕倒, 使惊吓 thrill [] v. 发抖 routine [ ]n. 例行公事, 常规 leap [ ]n. 跳跃, 飞跃 imagination [ ]n.想象,想象力initial[] 最初的文章结构本节考查词汇image[ ]n.图像，影像unique[ ]adj.唯一的, 独特的hypnotic[ ]adj.催眠的dynamic[ ]adj.有活力的，动态的genius[ ]n.天才panic[ ]n.惊慌mere[ ]adj.仅仅embrace[ ]vt.拥抱whim[ ]n.突发奇想，心血来潮objective[ ]adj.客观的capture[ ]捕捉realism[]n.现实主义，真实感overwhelming[ ]adj.压倒性的，无法抗拒的fiction[ ]n.小说，虚构的故事dominate[ ]v.支配，主导imagery[ ]n.影像intimate[ ]adj.亲密的，密切的massive[ ]adj.巨大的，大规模的encyclopaedic[ ]adj.百科全书式的preceding[ ]adj.之前的consequence[ ]n.结果presence[ ]n.出席, 到场, 存在inevitably[i nevit bli]adv.不可避免magnify[ ]vt.夸大，放大enduring[ ]adj.持久的legacy [ ]n. 遗赠(物)lease [ ]n. 租借novelty[]n.新颖, 新奇, 新鲜, 新奇的事物worn off 消失 fade away逐渐凋谢 gimmick [ ]n. 小发明，小玩意 fairground[] n.集市，赶集documentary [ ] adj. 文件的，记录的 narrative [ ] n. 叙述medium [] n.媒体, 方法, 媒介conceived [ ]adj. 假想的 reel []n.卷dominant[]占优势的, 支配的convinced [ ]adj. 确信的 astonishing []adj. 令人惊讶的Questions 1-5『题型』MATCHING『解析』绝对乱序题型，建议先读完所有选项并确定关键字。

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