华东师范大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

华东师范大学2006年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：英语
Paper One
注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
1. Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lights
A. came out
B. came on
C. came to
D. came down
2. Mr. Jenkins drove along at his usual high speed for police cars in his mirror from time to time
to make sure he was safe.
A. pulling out
B. running through
C. going ahead
D. watching out
3. Miss Tracy moved to New York in the early 1960s, apparently to escape jealous friends who were becoming
increasingly of her success.
A. delightful
B. graceful
C. resentful
D. respectful
4. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, they must conform to
a global economic model or risk being by the market.
A. replaced
B. overlooked
C. saturated
D. penalized
5. Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away
from the grim realities of daily life and her to fairyland of her own once she
started to play.
A. transforming
B. transporting
C. transplanting
D. transcending
6. It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to what is likely to happen and
act accordingly.
A. look out
B. figure out
C. turn out
D. point out
7. At about the same time, some black Christians walked in protest out of churches where
they were forced to worship in sections.
A. segregated
B. sustained
C. connected
D. engaged
8. San Francisco climbs and falls over numerous hills, which provides views of the wide bay and
the Golden Gate Bridge.
A. flashy
B. transient
C. breathtaking
D. ambiguous
9. Martin Luther King, Jr. persuaded his followers to bring the of the American Negroes to the
attention of the United Nations, but they did not act very effectively.
A. conspiracy
B. pledge
C. plight
D. compulsion
10. Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be , the tobacco company still insists
that its products are harmless.
A. soluble
B. deficient
C. addictive
D. skeptical
11. Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realize that he
came
A. too much
B. so much
C. much too
D. much so
12. I wanted to be sure a sudden emergency that we gave the right advice.
A. on account of
B. in case of
C. at the risk of
D. in spite of
13. in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who found it in Africa.
A. Originally cultivated
B. Having originally cultivated
C. Originally being cultivated
D.Although it originally cultivated
14. It was the end of my exhausting first day as a waitress, and I really appreciated time to relax.
A. to have
B. having
C. to have had
D. of having
15. We’ve just installed central heating, should make a tremendous difference to the house next
winter.
A. what
B. that
C. it
D. which
16. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A.has light traveled
B.light travels
C.does light travel
D.travels light
17. she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.
A. Just when
B. It was while
C. Soon after
D. During the time when
18. While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest they
by the local bandits.
A. be attacked
B. must be attacked
C. were attacked
D.would be attacked
19. The police chief announced that the deaths of two young girls would soon be inquired
.
A. about
B. of
C. into
D. after
20. They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked a change.
A. as
B. for
C. to
D. by
Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
(1)
When the brash British raider Sir James Goldsmith calculated that U. S. timberland was a tempting prize, he launched a $500-million bid to take over San Francisco’s Crown Zellerbach paper company in order to grab the corporation’s vast forests. As a result, Goldsmith owns 1.9 million acres of forests in Washington State, Oregon, Mississippi and Louisiana.
The United States seems to have become a country for sale. Foreign ownership in the United States, including everything from real estate to securities, rose to a remarkable $ 1.33 trillion last year, up 25.5 percent from the previous year. Foreign investors now own 46 percent of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles, 39 percent in downtown Houston, 32 percent in downtown Minneapolis and 21 percent in downtown Manhattan.
Esteemed U. S. corporate nameplates have been changing citizenship at a rapid clip. Smith & Wesson handguns have gone to the British. General Electric television sets have been bought by the French, Carnation foods by the Swiss, General Tire by the West Germans.
In fact, the question of what is truly America has become befuddling. The British, who burned Washington in 1814, have built or bought an estimated $773 million in District of Columbia property, including ownership of the famed Watergate complex. And what about breakfast (or a diamond ring) at Tiffany, or drinks in the cultured atmosphere of Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel? Those vintage landmark buildings are now Japanese possessions.
The reasons for the rush to buy are abundantly clear. The U. S. dollar has plunged more than 50 percent in value during the past three years against such major foreign currencies as the Japanese yen, the West German mark and the British pound. The result is that everything with a dollar-denominated price tag has looked like a tremendous steal to holders of stronger currencies.
Japanese bargain shoppers increasingly cover neglected American gambling casinos. In April last year, Ginji Yasuda, a Korean-born Japanese, bought the 1100-room Aladdin Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas for $ 54 million and reopened it after spending another $30 million to restore its glitzy décor. Says Yasuda: “You have a lot of dreams still available in this country that you don’t have in Japan.” He plans to shuttle customers from Japan in a posh jet equipped with sleeping cabins.
Wile the Japanese have largely shied away from takeovers of major U. S. industrial corporations, at least partly in fear of a public relations backlash, the least inhibited bidders have been the British. They committed more than $27 billions last year to U. S. takeovers.
21. Sir James Goldsmith owns vast forests in the United States because .
A. he is a relentless raider
B. he has been awarded a grand prize
C. he has taken over a U. S. paper company
D. he has a number of corporations in Washington State
22. Foreign ownership of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles was 14 percent more than it
was .
A. in downtown San Francisco
B. in downtown Houston
C. in downtown Manhattan
D. in downtown Minneapolis
23. In the United States, the British have already come into possession of .
A. the Watergate complex and General Tire
B. General Electric and General Tire
C. Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel and the Watergate complex
D. Smith & Wesson and the Watergate complex
24. Judging from the context the phrase “a tremendous steal” in Paragraph 5 means
.
A. something extremely cheap
B. something too expensive
C. something worth buying
D. something dangerous but profitable
25. According to the passage, the Japanese investors .
A. have been slow in making large investments in land in the United States
B. have showed more interest in US major industrial corporations than in gambling houses
C. are not so bold as the British in taking over major US industrial corporations
D. have proved themselves the least inhibited bidders in the United States
(2)
Ever since the Industrial Revolution brought workers from small shops into factories, supervision have been required. Only during the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modern methods for achieving efficiency. Thus, management is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.
Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both puplic and private. In private business, efficiency can be measured by profit, the surplus of income over expenditures.
The manager’s a job, then, is to get people to do things efficiently. The top manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks the results. All managers have practical complex problems, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge. Shop managers carry out time and motion studies to improve workers’ efficiency, and foremen give on-the-job training to workers. Industrial managers employ specialists to keep machines working properly and to ensure the supply of spare parts. The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers of equipment. Each step in manufacturing is planned in detail, and the cost of each step is carefully calculated. Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques. Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias, and recreation facilities – even when these have not been demanded by labor unions. The use of modern electronic devices had led to increasing automation, in which many automatic machines function without any need for human labor.
Scientific management methods have spread to all branches of industry – not only manufacturing, but also accounting, finance, marketing, and other office work. There are planning systems, organization systems and control systems. Within these there are other systems for delegation of authority, budgeting, information feedback for control, and so on. The essence of all the functions of management is coordination, the harmonious combination of all individual efforts for the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise.
26. From the first paragraph, we know that .
A. industrial management depends on the success of all kinds of businesses and of
national economies
B. industrial management is indispensable to the successes of all kinds of businesses
and of national economies
C. the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies has nothing to do
with industrial management
D. industrial management did not develop until the last fifty years
27. The top manager .
A. is responsible for selecting other managers and help them do things efficiently
B. gets other managers to choose and train themselves
C. manages other managers’ operations
D. learns new techniques from other managers
28. All managers employ .
A. various methods to solve their practical and complex problems
B. specialists to keep machines working properly
C. workers who give on-the-job training
D. advisers to handle practical and complex problems
29. Personnel managers provide rest periods, safety devices, recreation facilities, etc. _______.
A. because the labor unions demand them
B. just to improve the workers’morale
C. to obtain greater efficiency from workers
D. to ensure the good working conditions
30. The essence of all management functions is .
A. to combine individual efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterprise
B. the coordination of the functions of management
C. the harmonious coordination of organization efforts for the achievement of
individual objectives
D. to coordinate the systems for planning, organization and control
(3)
The genetic characteristics of all life forms on earth are embodied in the chemical structure of DNA molecules. An organism’s DNA molecules provide a complete blueprint for its physical makeup. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the DNA genetic code to change the characteristics of plants and animals. Through the process, scientists can literally build to order new life forms that perform desired functions. For hundreds of years, humans have engineered the development of food crops and domesticated animals through selective breeding practices. For example, the modern dairy cow is the result of centuries of carefully breeding individual animals that carried the genetic trait for high milk production. However, new technology makes it possible for scientists to restructure the DNA molecules themselves and thus obtain more rapid and more radical genetic changes than were possible in the past. This new process is commonly called recombinant DNA technology or gene splicing because it involves disassembling the DNA molecule and then recombining or splicing the pieces according to a new pattern. The genespliced DNA molecule may have a genetic code that has never existed before.
Although recombinant DNA technology is still in its infancy, it has already demonstrated its value. New crop breeds produced by his process are already growing in farmers’ fields. Crops that are genetically engineered to resist pests, diseases, and drought could be important in efforts to alleviate starvation around the world. Scientists are trying to use genetic engineering to produce important drugs such as insulin and interferon cheaply. They are also working on a genetically engineered generation of wonder drugs to combat cancer and other killer diseases. However, the recombinant DNA technology brings with it problems our society has not previously faced. Gene splicing could produce new disease microorganisms, deadly to us or to the plants and animals upon which we depend. The possibility of altering human genetic structure raises serious moral, political, and social issues. Genetic engineering illustrates dramatically the promises and dangers of technological development. The decisions our society makes about genetic engineering will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come.
31. The best title for this passage is .
A. The Basic Function of Genetic Engineering
B. New Applications of Genetic Engineering
C. Recombinant DNA Technology, A New Process in Genetic Engineering
D. The Promises & Dangers of Technological Development
32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about recombinant DNA technology?
A. It can bring about rapid and radical genetic changes in life forms.
B. It can be used to restructure DNA molecules to produce new desired plant and animal breeds.
C. It may increase the risk of producing some unexpected diseases.
D. It proves an effective way to cure cancer and other incurable diseases.
33. The word “alleviate” in paragraph 2 is nearest in meaning to .
A. relieve
B. avoid
C. eliminate
D. terminate
34. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. there will inevitably be a heated debate over the general application of the
recombinant DNA technology
B. the use of the recombinant DNA technology on human beings will be forbidden
C. the recombinant DNA technology can be traced back to hundreds of years ago
D. serious dilemmas may be generated when it is used to modify human genetic code
35. The author’s attitude towards genetic technologies is .
A. enthusiastic
B. indifferent
C. critical
D. objective
(4)
The word for “The Da Vinci Code” is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle
code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.
The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember). In this gleefully erudite suspense novel, Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through three earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new book’s prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the kind of book that notices that this one gallery’s length is three times that of the Washington Monument.) It embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. That’s scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fights for his life.
Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museum’s alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardo’s most famous drawing, “The Vitruvian Man.” And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonacci’s famous numerical series as clues.
Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as “Harrison Ford in Harris tweed.” Langdon’s latest manuscript, which “proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial,” is definitely germane.
Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the author’s earlier prototypes: “Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence.” Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.
The book moves at a breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old talking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to churn up a thriller atmosphere. To their credit, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.
When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derring-do with remarks like, “And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?”
“The Da Vinci Code” is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters’ own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by his host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. “Actually,” Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, “that depends on how often you dust under your couch.”
36. Why does the author use the word “wow” to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?
A. Because the word reads the same backwards.
B. Because it is also linked to the sport of football.
C. Because the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.
D. Because the novel is a bestseller.
37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Dan Brown, author of “The Da Vinci Code” has published so far four novels.
B. The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Gallery of Luvre.
C. In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Sophie Neveu.
D. The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women because Dan Brown is a
fervent feminist.
38. It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT
.
A. It is also a bestseller around the world
B. It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspense
C. It is characterized by hoax and unreliable plots
D. It has achieved immense popularity with readers
39. The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code is
A. the engrossing prologue
B. the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie Neveu
C. the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapter
D. the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters
40. The author’s attitude towards “The Da Vince Code” is .
A. critical
B. indifferent
C. affirmative
D. sarcastic
Paper Two
(注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet II上)
Part III Cloze (10%)
Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.
It was during the nineteenth century that the rapid development of the heat engine took place, and with ever increasing power at the disposal of man, the mechanical age began. The demand 41 more and more power as new industries evolved created a great incentive for invention. At first, attention was solely devoted to practical improvement, but 42 the trend was more toward philosophical reasoning, with a result that engineers found 43 necessary to review their fundamental ideas. It was seen that the consideration of practical detail 44 was insufficient in the attempt to produce more efficient machines. Theoretical reasoning was also necessary, and it was through the work of men such as Carnot, Gibbs and others, 45 the theoretical study developed. The 46 of their philosophy and the skill of the craftsmen, together with the ingenuity of the practical engineers, resulted 47 progressively more efficient engines.
48 with the prime movers of the nineteenth century, our present-day engines and power plants are very efficient. Nevertheless, design and development engineers are continually striving to produce even more efficient machines. In this task they must engage in conflict 49 the restrictions which Nature imposes upon energy conversion processes, and they must be 50 with the knowledge which is gained from the study of the subject of Thermodynamics.
Part IV Translation (15%)
Directions: Put the following passage into English.
现在教育和就业的距离正在拉大。

雇主往往抱怨现在的毕业生既不能写也不能算。

而毕业生自己在找工作时发现有的知识派不上什么用场，很难把课堂里学到的理论运用到实践中去。

有些穴生感到失望是因为他们发现适应他们专业的工作在劳动市场上太少了。

换句话说，某些专业的毕业生已供大于求。

该是考虑改革一下我们的教育制度的时候了，使我们不至于白白浪费人才。

例如，我们可以重视一下职业教育，帮助学生为将来走上工作岗位作好准备。

Part V Writing (15%)
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet II.
My Views about the Future of China。