英美文学考试要点讲课稿

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大学英美文学讲义

5.1真题分析2、第2本书《美国文学简史》：5.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）第七部分大学英语语言文学专业英美文学与中文作文基础知识点框架梳理及基础阶段，复习时间是从5月份至9月份或10月份，这一阶段需要大家认真看完《英国文学史》与《美国文学史》，理清文学史的线索，例如文学史的大致分期，每一阶段的大致时间，社会背景，思想背景及每一阶段的代表人物及其代表作。

文学史这两本书每本至少看两遍。

文学史的复习方法主要以熟悉知识点为主，脑海中线索清晰，重点部分最好能在理解的基础上识记。

文学史的复习时应注意归纳总结出一下内容：●英美文学史的大致分期（整合标题）、每一时期大致的时代背景及思想特征.●记住每一时期最重要的作家及作品，知道文学的基本常识，例如文学术语。

●主要作品的故事情节，主要人物，人物形象，主题思想，作品评价。

A Survey of English History ChangYaoxinA Glossary of Literary Terms:For the convenience of discussion, historians divide the continuity of English literature into segments of time which are called “p eriods”. The e xact numbers, dates and names of these periods vary, but the list below conforms on each period, in chronological order.450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon)Period Chapter11066-1500 Middle English Period Chapter1、2文学成就不是很高。

文学形式：骑士浪漫传奇；抒情歌谣；神秘剧、传奇剧及道德剧骑士浪漫传奇：《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》、《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》、《查理大帝的传奇》、《亚历山大的传奇》等抒情歌谣：短诗，大多数比较悲哀、凄凉，例如英国的Robin Hood神秘剧：取材于《圣经》中的旧约全书，上帝耶和华传奇剧：《新约》，基督1500-1660 The Renaissance(or Early Modern) Chapter3-4思想、文化、文学运动，最初出现在意大利，然后遍及其他国家。

00604英美文学选读考试技巧

00604英美文学选读考试技巧英美文学选读考试技巧如下：1. 阅读经典作品：熟悉英美文学中的经典作品是考试的基础。

阅读这些作品能够帮助你理解作者的主题、文体和文化背景。

2. 掌握作者和作品的背景知识：了解作者的生平、作品的创作背景和历史背景对理解文学作品很有帮助。

这些背景知识能够让你更好地分析作品的含义和主题。

3. 注意作品的文体和语言技巧：文学作品通常具有特定的文体和语言技巧，例如诗歌的韵律和修辞手法，小说的叙事风格和人物描写等。

注意作品中的这些细节，能够帮助你更好地理解和解释作品。

4. 注意作品的主题和象征意义：文学作品常常探讨一些深刻的主题和象征意义，如人性、爱情、权力等。

理解作品的主题和象征意义是解读作品的关键。

5. 提前做好笔记和总结：在阅读和学习文学作品时，记得做好笔记，包括作品的关键信息、重要事件和主要人物等。

这样有助于你回顾和总结，并在考试前快速复习。

6. 增加阅读量和训练速读技巧：多读英美文学作品，增加阅读量，可以更好地熟悉各种文学作品的风格和氛围。

另外，提高阅读速度也是必要的，尤其是在限时考试中。

7. 参加讨论和写作练习：通过参加讨论和写作练习让自己更好地理解和应用英美文学作品。

与其他人讨论作品能够帮助你获得不同的观点和解读，并提高自己的思考能力。

8. 制定合理的学习计划：为了提高文学选读的考试成绩，制定一个合理的学习计划是必要的。

合理规划时间，分配阅读和复习任务，能够更好地掌握考试内容。

9. 模拟考试：在考试前进行模拟考试，将自己置于真实的考试环境中。

这样可以帮助你熟悉考试的时间限制和考试题型，并调整自己的答题策略。

10.保持积极的心态：考试前保持积极的心态对于取得好的成绩至关重要。

相信自己的能力，相信自己在长时间的准备中已经做得足够好，这样你的答题能力会更加出色。

《专八英美文学知识》课件

的作品，了解这个时期的文学革命。
3
2 0世纪文学
4
了解现代主义和后现代主义对英美文学产生的影响，并研究20世纪的权威作家。
古代文学
从古代民间故事到史诗诗歌，探索英美文学的根源和起源。
1 9世纪文学
探索浪漫主义、现实主义和自然主义等 19世纪文学的关键特点和作家。
重要作家与作品
威廉·莎士比亚
探索莎士比亚的戏剧作品，如《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。
3 超自然和奇幻
欣赏奇幻文学和超自然元素在作品中的运用，从魔法到神话传说。
经典文学解读
通过深入解读经典文学作品，如《1984》和《傲慢与偏见》，探究其深层含义和与现实世界的关联。
总结
总结各个部分的主要内容，并鼓励听众进一步探索英美文学的魅力和多样性。
《专八英美文学知识》 PPT课件
在这个PPT课件中，我们将深入探讨英美文学的各个方面，从概述到重要作家与作品，再到文学主题与风格，以及经典文学的解读。
标题
在文学中，一个好的标题可以吸引读者的注意力，并传达出作品的主要思想和情感。融入创意和挑逗性元素，将读者吸引到故事中。
导言
引言
通过一个引人入胜的故事或悲观的民谣，引导听众进入《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》。
欧内斯特·海明威
研究海明威的小说，如《老人与海》和《别了，武器》。
托尼·莫里森
探索莫里森的作品，如《宠儿》和《云图》。
文学主题与风格
1 爱与悲伤
探索文学中关于爱情和失落的主题，以及不同作家对这些主题的表现方式。
2 社会批判
研究文学作品中对社会不公和不平等的批判，以及作家对这些问题的态度。
背景
简要介绍英美文学的背景和意义，以及与文化和历史的关联。

《英美文学选读》串讲课件(高度归纳版)[1]

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

英美文学~~复习资料范文

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that peoplecould understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstandingforms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。

自考英美文学选读课件(超级完整版)

制作思维导图
利用思维导图工具将笔记内容可视化，形成清晰的知识网络。
定期复习
定期回顾和复习笔记内容，加深记忆和理解；同时不断补充和完善笔记。
08
课程总结与展望未来
课程重点内容回顾
01 文学流派与时期
本课程涵盖了从古典到现代的英美文学发展，重点介绍了各个时期的代表性流派，如浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等。
周完成一篇读书笔记等。
制定学习计划
根据学习目标，制定详细的学习计划，包括学习时间、学习内容、学习方法等。
监督与调整
定期检查学习进度，根据实际情况调整学习计划，确保按计划执行。
如何提高阅读速度和效率
预览与预测
在阅读前预览文本，了解大致内容和结构，预测可能涉及的主题和观点。
意群阅读
通过意群阅读，将单词组合成有意义的短语或句子，提高阅读速度和理解
《傲慢与偏见》
通过贝内特家五个女儿的婚恋经历，探讨婚姻与爱情的真谛。
《尤利西斯》
通过主人公布鲁姆一天的生活，表现现代人的孤独与迷茫。
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自学方法与技巧分享
如何制定自学计划并执行
确定学习目标
明确自考英美文学选读的学习目标，包括掌握文学理论、了解文学流派、
熟悉重要作家作品等。
分解学习任务
将学习计划分解为可执行的小任务，如每天阅读一定数量的文学作品、每
英美戏剧流派及特点
古典主义戏剧
以古希腊和古罗马戏剧为典范，注重情节、结构和语言的完美和谐。
浪漫主义戏剧
强调情感、个性和自然的表达，追求超越现实的理想境界。
现实主义戏剧
关注现实生活和社会问题，通过刻画典型人物和环境来揭示社会本质。

自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(1-10)

英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each). Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"？C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve？Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.)(可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each)例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topicsin English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist. creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.immoralitymoneyknowledgepolitical powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.Wife’s ComplaintDream of the RoodSeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehen sive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.Canterbury TalesLegend of Good Womenand CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.Lost. FaustusFaerie QueeneAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.human’s vanity.the eternity of love.the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.Answer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.Learand JulietAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.poetrydramanoveldramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.Spenserian stanzaheroic coupletblank versefree verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.chastitytruthdeliverygentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance？of ancient Roman and Greek culture.to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.Answer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsRomansNormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.SpenserChaucerShakespeareDonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.imagery and simple dictionformstyleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.MythologylegendOld TestamentNew TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean？remove God from his throneburn the Heaven Downcorrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and Evebeguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.Merchant of VeniceLearWinter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsNormansRomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.DonneMarloweMiltonSpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryoutstanding political pamphleteergreat stylist and master of blank versekind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.AgonistesLostregainedAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him？Jew of MaltaPassionate to His LoveSun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.Milton’sBacon’s’sGray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’ poet”.27. Shakespeare28. Spenser29. Donne30. Milton31.Answer: B (P15)32.27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.” The above lines are probably taken from______.33.’s The Faerie Queene34. Donne’s The Sun Rising35.’s Sonnet 1836.’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.37.Answer: D (P28)38.28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？39. speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.40. speaker satirizes human vanity.41. speaker praises the power of artistic creation.42. speaker meditates on man’s salvation.43.Answer: C (P37)44.II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:45.1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kind46.Than is her custom. It is still her use47.To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,48.To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow49.An age of poverty; from which ling’ring penance50.Of such misery doth she cut me off”51. the title of the works and author.52.“from which…cut me off”.53. happened to him, which caused the words？54.参考答案:55.The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,56.William Shakespeare. (P48)57.2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.58.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)59.2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”60.1)Identify the work and author.61.2)What idea does the passage express？62.参考答案：63.1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies” written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)64.2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you read, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.65.3.“ Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;66.Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,67.When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:68.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,69.So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.70.1) Where does the poem comes from Who wrote it？71.What does “eternal lines” mean？72.Interpret it briefly.73.参考答案：74.1) The poem is “ Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)75.2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)76.3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in the world, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)77.4.“… All is no lost: the unconquerable will,78.And study of revenge, immortal hate,79.And courage never to submit or yield:80.And what is else not to be overcome……81.Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”82.1) Please identify the poem and the poet.83.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.84.3) What does the whole passage mean？85.参考答案：86.1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)87.2) “all is not lost” is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)88.3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71) 89.5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”90.Questions:91.3)What does “beat over matters” mean？92.4)What does “receipt’ refer to？93.5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about？94.参考答案：95.1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)96.2)“Receipt” refers to cure, prescription. (P63)97.3)The sentences are from “Of Studies” (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)98.6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionate99.For being deprived of the joys of heaven100.Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude101.And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.102.……103.Say he will spare him Four and twenty years104.Letting him live in all voluptuousness105.Having thee ever to attend on me…106.Questions:107.1)Identify the passage and author;108.2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul What for？109.3)Who are thee What will he do？110.参考答案：111.1) The passage comes from “” written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)112.2) will surrender his soul to devil. Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’ in vain, finally he ’made a bond’ to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)113.3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.114.He helped to do anything he wants. (P22)115.7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,116.Why does thou thus,117.Through windows and through curtains call on us”118.Questions:119.6)Identify the work and author.120.7)What idea does the passage express参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy. III. Questions and answers:do you know about Renaissance Give a summery about English literature in the period？(No more than 150 words)参考答案:Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms., Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be” is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for action came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense ofworld-weariness (厌世)’ . (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In , Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While , a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays？参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism？参考答案：1)’Humanism’ is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".Pilgrim’s ProgressJonesCrusoeJackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.heroic coupletfree verseblank verseSpenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose." FieldingDefoeSwiftBunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.AHoly WarPilgrims progressAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"？Pilgrim’s ProgressFaririe Queene’s travelsSchool of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.wit will make better poetryis more important than wit in poetrymuch wit will destroy good poetrywill make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high societyin a grand style.Answer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language stylesentences are long and well structured.sentences are interwoven with parallel words.tends to use informal and colloquial words.sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to saythat great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsthe very best things to lead people to their gloriesnever prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. BunyanFieldingDefoeSwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.JohnsonSwiftBrinsley SheridanGrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.PopeBrinsley SheridanJohnsonBernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.Answer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. School for ScandalDuenna’s HousesDoctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.Rivals’s TravelsJonesSchool for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____.Metaphysical SchoolGraveyard SchoolGothic SchoolRomantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English Neoclassicism.Essay of Dramatic PoetryEssay on CriticismAdvancing of learningEssay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.stylenarrationsatiresentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"？Coffee---House Politician.Tragedy of Tragedies.History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother."The two sentences are found in ________.School for ScandalRivalsCriticScheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong？author employs metaphor in this poem.author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________. that are endowed with reason.that are endowed with admirable qualitiesthat are superior in wisdom., wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage？参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is bestset in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave."Questions:1) Identify the author and the works;2) What does "the inevitable hour"？3) Explain the first stanza;4) What does the whole passage imply.参考答案：1) This is Thomas Gray’s "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)2) "The inevitable hour" means time of death. (P156)3) The first stanza means: The men with ambition and high positionshouldn’t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work.4) In the passage, the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy,or how important and humble, every is equal before death, the author givesmuch sympathy to the poor and unknown (P153)III. Questions and answers:analyze the Neoclassical period and the characters of the literature.参考答案：1)The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as"the Age of Enlightenment" or "the age of Reason".2)Its background was:was an age full of conflicts and difference of values;was an age of fast development for English to becomethe first powerful capitalist country in the world;was an age of economic development, in which bourgeois/middle class grew rapidly.3)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement.4)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work;They celebrated reason/rationality, equality and science.。

英美文学考研讲座 PPT

• 五. 一些学校的考试重点： • 考研英国文学重点作家 • Chaucer: • what is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales? (Zhongshan Uni) • the Canterbury Tales中的女修道院院长吃饭，Knight南开 univ。 2009 • Shakespeare: • Hamlet： • To be or not to be. Beijing Normal Uni 2003 (beihang 2009) • Comment on Hamlet. (Xiamen Uni. 2009 • Sonnet 18 (Wuhan uni. 2008 20%) • The Merchant of Venice • Portia • Macbeth • King Lear:
• • •
B. 文学现象答题思路：其特点，代表性作家作品； Eg. Free verse (自由诗体）:
• • • • •
Is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length; attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; it uses the cadences (rhythmic grouping, 韵律) of natural speech. It is Whitman who pioneered the form and made it acceptable in A. poetry. It affected later poets such as E. Pound, T.S. Eliot, W.C.Williams, W. Stevens.

文学-《英美文学作品赏析》教学大纲

《英美文学作品赏析》教学大纲《英美文学作品赏析》教学大纲课程编号：E032019 课程类型：专业选修课课程名称：英美文学作品赏析英文名称：Reading American & British Literary Works 学分：2 适用专业：英语专业第一部分大纲说明一、课程的性质、目的和任务《英美文学作品赏析》是针对英语专业高年级学生，并在其学习了《英国文学》和《美国文学》两门专业基础课之后，开设的一门旨在提高学生鉴赏英美文学经典作品能力的专业选修课。

本课根据学生的兴趣、语言水平以及相关文化等因素，从全新的角度选择了英美不同时期作家的代表作，主要是小说作品，材料难度适中，涉猎广泛。

本课程的教学目的是使学生通过阅读和理解英美重要作家的小说作品，掌握其体裁特点、思想内涵、文体风格、所属流派和写作技巧等方面的文学知识；学会分析小说作品的艺术特色，提高英语阅读欣赏水平和英语写作技巧，提高文学欣赏水平及文学批评能力；拓展文化视野，扩大接触异国文化的范围，提高对中外文化的异同的敏感性和鉴别能力。

本课程的教学任务是帮助学生在巩固所学基础知识与技能的同时，提升学生对英美经典小说作品的鉴赏能力，提高学生的文学素养和文化底蕴，从而为其将来得心应手地参加实际工作打下良好的基础。

二、课程的基本要求1. 知识要求：1)了解—英美不同时期和阶段的重要作家和其小说代表作。

2)熟悉—各个所选作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其小说代表作的思想内涵、主题结构、文体风格、所属流派、人物刻画、语言风格、写作技巧等。

3)掌握—一定的欣赏小说作品的技巧和方法。

2．能力要求：1)了解—通过阅读经典小说，巩固所学文学知识，扩大词汇量，增强语感，培养学生独立阅读、欣赏文学作品的能力。

2)熟悉—通过浏览网上的文学资源库，观看文学名著影片，举办作品欣赏讨论会，尝试名著改写，表演人物对话等实践性教学活动，培养学生阅读、分析以及理解小说作赏能力、思辨能力和文学批判能力。

八级考试英美文学讲座

八级考试英美文学讲座I. English Literature 英国文学部分1.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. “Beowulf”is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.2.The Norman Conquest: The French speaking Normans under Duke William camein 1066 and defeated the English , thus William was crowned as King of England.3.The Romance: The most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England. Thecentral character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth, who was known for his chivalry.4.The ballads(民谣，民歌): the most important department of English folk literatureis the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. For example, the Robin Hood Ballads.5.Geoffrey Chaucer , the founder of English poetry, was born in 1340, and died in1400. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poet’s Corner”.“ The Canterbury tales”(1387—1400)is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6.The English Renaissance: Thomas More (1478—1535) and his “Utopia”; the“poet’s poet of the English Renaissance was Edmund Spenser (1552-90)whose masterpiece is “The faerie Queene”. If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser and the drama of Shakespeare , the intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis bacon(1561-1626).7.William Shakespeare(1564-1616): the literary giant of the English Renaissance.His famous comedies:(1)A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(2)The merchant of Venice(3)Twelfth Night(4)All’s Well that Ends Well.His famous tragedies:(1)Romeo and Juliet(2)Hamlet(3)King Lear(4)MacbethShakespeare also wrote 154 sonnets.8.The 17th Century Literature ---- John Milton (1608—1674): “Paradise Lost”9.The 18th Century LiteratureThe Enlightenment in Europe: The 18th century marked the beginning of anintellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment. It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisies against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind.10.Classicism in the English literature:The classicists modeled themselves after the Greek and the Latin authors, and tried to guide literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rhymed couplets instead of blank verse, the three unites of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals---these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Classicism achieved a rapid growth and prevailed for the better part of the 18th century. The literary representatives of classicism in English literature were John Dryden, A. Pope and Samuel Johnson.11.The Rise of the English Realistic Novel”Daniel Defoe(1661-1731): Robinson Crusoe(1719).Jonathan Swift(1667-1745): Gulliver’s Travels” (1726).Henry Fielding (1707-1754):Tom Jones (1749)12.English RomanticismAt the turn of the 18th and 19th century romanticism came to be the new trend in English literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, a great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man and a return to nature.William Wordsworth(1770—1850): I Wondered Lonely as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834): The Rime of Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan George Gordon Byron (1788-1824): Don Juan, Sonnet on ChillonPercy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822): Queen Mab, Ode to the West Wind,Prometheus Unbound(a lyric drama) John Keats(1795-1821): Ode to Autumn, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to aNightingale13.English Critical Realism:Charles Dickens(1812-1870): Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, GreatExpectation, A Tale of Two Cities.William Thackeray(1811-18630: Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero,Some Women Novelists:Jane Austen(1775—1817): Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, EmmaCharlotte Bronte(1816-1855): Jane EyreEmily Bronte(1818-1848): Wuthering HeightsGeorge Eliot(1819—1890): The Mill on the Floss14.The Victorian Poets:The Brownings----Robert Browning(1812-1867 )and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861). (The Ring and the Book, My last Duchess)15.The Turn of the Century:Thomas Hardy(1840-1928): Tess of the D’ Urbervlles (refer to Lesson 15,Book 5) George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950): Mrs. Warren’s Profession, Man and Superman,Major Barbara, The Apple Cart.16.Between the Two World Wars:T.S. Eliot(1887-1965): The Waste LandJames Joyce(1882-1941): Ulysses, Finnegans Wake,Virginia Woolf(1882-1941): Mrs. Dalloway,D. H. Lawrence(1885-1930): Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterley’s LoverWilliam S. Maugham(1874-1965): Of Human Bondage17: Contemporary English Literature(1945----)Kingsley Amis(1922----): Luck JimJohn Fowles(1926----) :The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国中尉的女人)Iris Murdoch(1919-1999): Under the Net(《在网下》)，The Sandcastle(《沙堡》) Samuel Beckett(1906--): Waiting for GodotJohn Osborne(1929--) :Look Back in AngerHarold Pinter(1930---):Birthday Party, Homecoiming18. Contemporary English Literature(1980----)Martin Amis(1949---): Money : A Suicide Note(《钞票：绝命书》)Time’s Arrow(《时光之箭》)Julian Barnes(1946---): Flaubert’s Parrot(《福楼拜的鹦鹉》)American Literature 美国文学部分1．Colonial Period: Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, Poor Richard’s Almanack2. American Romanticism: Transcendentalism (超验主义)3. Washington Irving(1783—1859, the father of American short story): The Legend ofSleepy Hollow; Rip Van Winkle.4. Nathanial Hawthorne(1804—1864): The Scarlet Letter.5. Henry David Thoreau(1817—1862): Walden.6. Walt Whitman(1819—1892): Leaves of Grass / Song of Myself / When Lilacs Lastin the Dooryard Bloom’d / Oh, Captain, My Captain 7. Herman Melville(1819—1891): Moby Dick8: American Realism(1865—1914):9. Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835—1910):The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe prince and the Pauper10. Henry James91843—1916):The international themeDaisy MillerThe AmbassadorsThe AmericanThe Turn of the Screw11. O Henry: The Gift of Magi / The Last Leaf / The Cop and the Anthem12. Theodore Dreiser(1871—1945): Sister Carrie13.Robert Frost(1874—1963)Mending WallThe Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening14. Wallace Stevens(1879—1955)Sunday Morning15.Ezra Pound(1885—1972)The CantosIn a Station of the Metro(The apparition of these faces in the crowd/ Petals on a wet, black bough )16. T.S. Eliot( 1888—1965) see above.17.Eugene O’Neill(1888—1953)(Nobel Prize winner in 1936)The Emperor Jones / Hairy Ape/ The Iceman Comth / The Long Day’s Journey into Night)18. Arthur Miller(1915-2005)The Death of a Salesman19.F.S. Fitzgerald(1896—1940)The Great Gatsby20.William Faulkner (1897—1962)Stream of consciousness / The Rose for Emily / The Sound and the Fury)21. Ernest Hemingway(1899—1961)The Sun Also RisesA Farewell to ArmsFor whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaHemingway Hero / Code Hero (A man can be destroyed but not defeated)Lost GenerationToni Morrison(1933--)The Bluest EyeBelovedThe Song of SolomonTar BabySulaParadiseLove。

2020年英美文学选读教案以及复习要点

英美文学选读教案以及复习要点英美文学选读教案以及复习要点专业八级资料 Lecture 1 William Shakespeare 1. Introduction of the course (1) This course is called Selected Readings in English and American Literature, a pulsory course for you. It will be finished in 12 weeks. And in each week well meet each other two times. (2) In this course, you will have to read some original works taken from English and American classics. It may be a little bit difficult for you. However, its also a chance for you to know some great treasury in world literature and Ill help you understand them. (3)Comparing with the literary history courses, this course mainly focuses on original productions. The course book is a nice one with classical works and detailed notes. (4) For the final test, 10% will be decided by your attendance, 20% by your homework and 70% by the test paper. About the homework, after we finish each writer, Ill give you a name list of remended works written by the writer. In the whole semester, you should choose at least one piece of English writers works and one piece of American writers works remended by me. And then you should write a small paper on the piece of works you chose. That means you should turn in two papers in the whole semester. (5) A very important suggestion: previewthe productions before the class; otherwise itll be very difficult for you to catch me in the class. 2. William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) (1) Historical Background A. Queen Elizabeth I: a powerful England with the fast development of capitalism B. Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprung first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another is the humanism, which means the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement. C. Shakespeare lived in such a period and also such a period made him the most famous and most important English writer. (2) Life (Read paragraph 1 and 2 on page 1 after class. These two paragraphs are the introduction of the great writers life.) A. His plete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sons. B. He is mainly famous for his great plays, especially the outstanding Four Great Tragedies. (Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth) He is also the author of some other famous plays, such as Romeo and Juliet, but today well learn the excerpt from one of his great edies - The Merchant of Venice, which well talk about a little bit later. C. Shakespeares sons are also very good. Well first introduce Son 18, the most famous son written byShakespeare. (3) Son 18 A. A son is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. It was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. (It is a very popular poem form and used widely in English literature. In the Elizabeth era, Edmund Spenser was also famous for his sons. And later, John Milton, Byron and Keats all contributed excellent sons.) B. Though the son is a fixed form, but the rhyme scheme of the son is not fixed. (few minutes for students to find out this poems rhyme scheme.) Answer: abab cdcd efef gg. This is a typical rhyme scheme used by Shakespeare in all his sons. C. Explain the poem sentence by sentence. temperate: moderate or mild; rough winds: strong winds; darling: lovely; lease: 租约;plexion: appearance; dim: darken with cloud; brag: boast; D.(discuss) Theme: expressing the deep love to his friend (4) The Merchant of Venice A. Famous edy written by Shakespeare in his youth B. Setting: Venice, the Middle Age C. Characters: Bassanio, Antonio, Shylock, Portia (let students discuss the characters) Portia: Shakespeares ideal woman, beautiful, intelligent, cultured, gracious, independent, a daughter of Renaissance Shylock: most suessful character, a Jew, a greedy and merciless usurer and also avictim of racial discrimination and religious persecution (sympathy) D. Plot: Read the introduction from P3 to P4. E. (Discuss)Theme: Mercy wins over malice. F. The selection is the most famous scene of the whole play and also the climax of the play. (Ask students to read it thoroughly after the class.) In the class, well learn a short part taken from the scene. (P10 to P11, the famous statement about mercy made by Portia) G. (the last but not least) form of the play: verse drama written in blank verse mostly blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter. Soon after blank verse was introduced by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in his translation of Virgils works, it became the standard meter for Elizabethan and later poetic dramas and some poets, such as John Milton, also employed this form to write their long poems. (5) Remended Reading Son 29; Son 73; Son 116; Four great tragedies; Romeo and Juliet; A Midsummer Nights Dream 3. Homework 1. Preview the next chapter about John Milton.2. Find out the form and rhyme scheme of the poem To Cyriack Skinner on P23. Lecture 2 John Milton (1608 0 1674) (Comparing with William Shakespeare, few people read his great productions today. However, he is also a classical writer in English Literature.) 1. Historical Background (Discussion: Any important event happened during Miltons life time in Britain )English Bourgeois Revolution The conflicts between King (James I and then Charles I) and the Parliament Profound conflicts: the Old Feudalism and New Capitalism In religion: The Anglican Church and the Puritan The consequence of those contradictions: the Civil War (1642 - 1649) The King was executed in 1649 and monarchy was abolished. Oliver Cromwells dictatorship (1649 - 1660) The Restoration: Charles II and then James II Glorious Revolution (1688) 2. Life born in a rich and cultured family - handsome and hardworking - graduated from Cambridge University and got master degree - six years private study and the most knowledgeable poet in Britain - writing pamphlets for the Commonwealth - blind in 1652 - arrested and fined after restoration - produced three great poems in plain life Most important works - three great poems: Paradise Lost (1667); Paradise Regained (1671); Samson Agonistes (1671) (poetic drama) Besides three great poems in his late years, he also wrote some excellent sons including the one well learn today.3. To Cyriack Skinner (Ask the questions of homework) (Answer: Son; abba abba cdcdcd) (1) Form: Son (2) Rhyme scheme: abba abba cdcdcd (different with William Shakespeares sons) (3) Explain the poem sentence by sentence (4) (Discussion) Theme: the authors positive attitude towards his blindness (another sonon blindness seems more discouraged.) 4. Paradise Lost (《失乐园》) (1) Miltons masterpiece; greatest epic written in the English language *epic(史诗): it is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Notice the differences between traditional epics and literary epics. Paradise Lost is a literary epic. (2) Its a long epic including 12 books. The plot is taken from the Old Testament of Holy Bible. *Holy Bible对于理解西方文化最重要的经典,分为《旧约》(The Old Testament)和《新约》(The New Testament)两部分,这两部分写于不同的时期,而且使用的文字不同,《旧约》主要用希伯莱语写成,《新约》则用希腊文写成.圣经最早曾被翻译成希腊文,然后是拉丁文,在欧洲各国通行.《圣经》英译始自8世纪,但各种版本都不算通行,直到Martin Luther宗教改革之后,1611年出现的Authorized Version 至今通行,对英国的语言和文学影响极大.推荐阅读英文版《圣经》节选或房龙《圣经的故事》中文版. Plot: (paragraph two on P24) revolt of Satan and some other angels 0 their defeat and throwing into the Hell 0 temptation of Adam and Eve 0 expulsion of Adam and Eve (3) Theme: to justify the ways of God to man (su内容仅供参考。

(2021)第一讲-英美文学课程及考试概况正式版PPT资料

C. 论述题中关于作家的分析 1> 利用题目发挥 (0.5—1分) 2> 该作家所处的历史背景 (1—2 分) 3> 该作家的语言风格 (1—2分) 4> 该作家说写的典型作品及创作主题 (2—3分) 5> 关于典型作品的有关情节 (1—2分) 6> 影响 (0.5—1 分)
英美文学选读答题套语
B. 论述题中人物性格分析的答题要点： 1> 利用题目发挥 (0.5--1分) 2> 该人物的代表时期，属于哪个阶层 (1—2分) 3> 作品中人物经历的有关情节 (2—3分) 4> 该人物的直接性格分析 (1—2分) 5> 该人物的文学性格分析 (3—4分) 6> 作用／影响／语言风格等 (0.5—1分)
no other than=nothing more than …is discernible. Lengthy accounts are given to…
Sb. perceptively states that… Sth. bears some resemblance with… …draws influence from… in essence prolific play a pivotal role in… The significance of …lies rather in the
The penetrating hit at the very heart of capitalism is driven home.
c)语言不通顺，表达不连贯，有较多语法错误和拼写错误，扣该 The great humorists of the world are few in number, and Mark Twain is of that choice .

英美文学重点总结-老师的讲义说课材料

The Bron te Sisters l.sce ne: vast, rough, un touched moorla nd wilder ness 夏治特.布郎帝 2. Charlotte ' s works are all about the struggle of anin dividual con scious ness towards self-realizati on,about some Ion ely and n eglected young wome n with afierce longing for love, un dersta nding and a full,happylife .In her mind, man ' s life is composed ofperpetual battle betwee n sin and virtue, good and evil Jane Eyre /Charlotte Bronte簡愛Wuthering Heights/EmilyBron te呼嘯山莊1.Mr.Rochester and Jane Eyre. Rochester: agrim-look ing, en ergetic, quick-tempered, butan un dersta nding middle-aged man; has abur ning spirit and a longing to love and beloved; struggles for recog niti on of her basicrights and equality as a woma n. It ‘ s an individual con scious str towards self-realization. She gets joy through the sacrifice ofherself or her weak nessAlfred Tennyson 阿爾弗雷德.丁尼生Poet Laureate(Wordsworth, Southey)a powerful expression of thepoet ‘ s philosophicaland religious thoughts, his doubts about life, soul; hasthe n atural power of linking visual pictures withmusical expressi on, and these two with the feeli ngsBreak, Break, Break 冲激，冲激，冲激Cross ing The Bar 過沙洲Ulysses尤利西斯overcome3. (uses flashbacks)Nelly: Catheri ne'old nu rse, n arrator, toldM Lockwood, a temporary tenant the story1. the feeling of sadness are contrasted withthe carefree, innocent joys of the childre nan the un feeli ng moveme nt of the ship andsea waves; abcb2. means leav ing this world and en teri ngthe n ext world3. express Tennyson ' s own determ in aticourage to brave the struggle of life but alsoreflects the restlessness and aspiration of thandRobert Browning perfects "dramatic mono logue", keeps readers alert, 羅伯特■布郞寧thoughtful a nd en lighte ned My Last Duchess 我逝去的公爵夫人Meetingat Night 夜會Parting atMorning 晨別age1. in heroic couplets, dramatic monologue sounds like bla nk verseGeorge Eliot 喬治■艾略特Pseudo nym: Mary Ann Eva ns foun der of "stream ofcon scious ness", focus on inner struggle. hereditary influe nces gover n huma n acti on. concern for the destiny of woma n. the tragedy of wome nMiddlemarch A Study ofProvin cial Life 米德爾馬契，外省生活研究a full view of life in a small En glishtownwife ‘ s thoughts and feeli ngs, he takes her merely as part of his own property. theme: huma n relati on ships of the con temporary En glish Society are merely an exte nsion of property relati on shipsWilliam Butler Yeats威廉■伯特勒■叶芝T.S. EliotT.S■艾略特wre nee 戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯Comb in ati on of his appreciati on of beauty and a senseof tragedy life, gave a sig nifica nee to the ordinary events of life in his poetry; his style is both simple and rich,colloquial and formal, with a quality of metaphysical witand symbolic visi on;The Lake Isle of Inni sfree茵尼斯弗利島1. sight to escape into an ideal “：airylandwhere he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoy thebeauty n atureDow n By The Salley Garde n$2. an old song from an old peasa nt woma n(1) p rese nts physical disorder and spiritual decade nee inthe moder n western society(2) r eflects disillusi on and despair of a whole post wargen erati on. an guish, men ace, sterility had bee n afflicting all sen sitive members of the postwar gen eratio n(3) c oncerns with the spiritual breakup of a moder ncivilization in which human life has lost its meaning(4) r eflects the 20thce ntury people ‘ s disillusi onandfrustrati on in a mea nin gless and bori ng world_______Express a stro ng react ion aga inst the mecha ni calcivilization; one of the first novelists to introduce themesof psychology into his work; believe that the healthy wayof the in dividual ' s psychological developme nt layprimacy of the life impulse, or in ano ther term, the sexualimpulse; make a deliberate use of the -letter “fowor inhis no vels; declare that any repressi on of the sexualimpulse based social, religious, or moral values of thecivilized world would cause severe damages to the在阔叶柳花园旁边The Love So ng of J.Alfred Prufrock普魯弗洛克的情歌The Waste Land荒原Sons and Lovers儿子与情人(The Rain bow; Wome nin Leth e; Lady ChatterleyLover) ds1. dramatic mono logue in ironic tone content:the meditati on of an aging young ma overthe propos ing marriage theme:the speaker‘ s in capability of facin to love and to life in asterile upper-class world2. a Ian dmark and a model of the 20-ce nturyEn glish poetry (Lyrical Ballads of Wordsworth)___________________________________conten ts:ig noran t,dr unken and brutishfather(Mr.Morel),the weary,frustratedmother(Mrs.Morel),the in tellige nt andambitious woman,tries to find emotionalfulfillment in her sons(Paul).she hopes hersons should n ever became min ers,they willbe educated to realize her ideals ofsuccess,happ in ess and social respect.Paul isin capable of escap ing the overpoweri ngg up1865-佃141. background: the Civil War affected both the social and the value system⑴transformed from an agricultural one to an industrialized and commercialized one(2) stimulated technological development(3) stepped up urbanization(4) people became dubious about the human nature and the charity of GodThe Gilded Age2. American Realistic Period and English Realistic Period (Victorian Period) common ground(1) a great interest in the realities of life, aim at the interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life(2) what was brutal or filthy, the open portrayal of class struggle(3) common people mostly depicteddifferences(America)(1) native trends in the realistic portrayal of the landscape and social surfaces(2) perfect the dialect style(3) concern about "local colorism", a unique variation of American literary realism3. American Naturalism: influenced by Darwin's evolutionary theory(1) accept the more negative implications of it and use it to explain the behavior of those characters in literary works(2) inherited qualities, and habits confined by social forces are depicted(3) theme: human "bestiality", especially the sexual desire(4) unpolished language(5) philosophically, the truth is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual, or beyond his control(6) material source from the lower ranks of society portray misery and povertyThe Modern Period:1. age: second half of the 19th century to early decades of the 20th century2. background:(1) the U.S. has become the most powerful country(2) technological revolution(3) a decline in moral standard, a spiritual wasteland, feelings of fear, loss, disorientation and disillusionment3. influencing ideas:(1) the same as English Modern period: Karl Marx, Darwin, Freud(2) stream of consciousness:4. "The Lost Generation" by Gertrudthe second American Renaissancethe expatriate movement5. John Steinbeck: "The Grapes of Wrath"Allen Ginsberg: "Howl", the manifesto of Beat MovementSalinger: "The Catcher in the Rye"6. modernism's features:literature: convey a vision of social breakdown and moral decaywriter: develop techniques that could represent a break with the past. modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation 7. The differences between Modernism America and England(1) American writers emphasize the concrete sensory images or details as the direct conveyor of experience(2) modern fiction employ thefirst narration or confine the reader to the "central consciousness" or one character common ground: directness, compression, vividness, sparing of wordsEzra Pound 埃兹拉.庞德a lead ing spokesma n of the "Imagist moveme nt:(1) direct treatment of poetic subjects(2) elim in ate orn ame ntal words(3) r hythmical composition in the sequence of the musicalphrase rather tha n in the seque nce of a metr onomes point of viewIn a Station of The Metro 在地铁站The River-Mercha nt's Wife: A Letter船商的妻子：一封信A pact(free verse) 合同1. On e-image poem; a moder n adopti on of th Japa nese haiku2. an adapti on from the Chin ese of Li Po n amed Rihaku in Japa nessRobert Lee Frost 罗伯特■李■弗罗斯特The Pulitzer Prize winner on four occasi ons; a serious poeAfter Apple-Pick ingidea: a mome ntary stay aga inst con fusi on, like Wordswort profo und ideas aredelivered un der the disguise of the plali T he Road Not TakenI摘了苹果之后3. Some agreeme nt betwee n "Whitmanesque free verse1. a man's best efforts ever satisfy God?2. uncertainty of the speaker choice betweensafety and unknown(meditative)s kindr。

英美文学考试教学内容

英美文学考试Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.Romance: Any imaginary literature that described the idealism world and that deals with heroic and adventures or battles between good characters and villains or monsters. In general it was a medieval tale which involve with lovers and adventures of Kings, Queens, Knights, and Ladies, and including some unlikely or supernaturalism happenings.Verse: Form of writing, arranged in lines, each containing a pattern of accented and unaccented syllables, all groups of lines forming a unit of rhyme scheme.John Dryden: English poetry and dramatists, also considered the father of English literature criticism, he became the Poet Laureate in 1668.Black Verse:Blank verse is a verse that is written in unrhymed iambic pentameter, used in Shakespeare's dramas and Milton's Paradise Lost, is one of the most common metrical patterns in English poetry.Gothic novels—And from the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classic literary tradition to originality and imagination, from society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional（忏悔的）, inspirational and prophetic. Gothic novels—mostly stories of mystery and horror which take place in some haunted or dilapidated（荒废的，破旧的） and Middle Age castles— were turned out profusely（丰富的） by both male and female writers; works such asThe Castle of Otranto（1765）by Horace Walpole, The mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and The Italian (1797) by Mrs. Ann Radcliffe，The Champion of Virtue， a Gothic Story (1777) by Clara Reeve, and The Monk (1796) by M.G.Lewis became very popular. Eulogizing（颂扬，称赞） or lamenting （挽歌，哀掉）lyrics by nature poets like James Thomson, William Collins, and William Cowper, and by such sentimentalists（多愁善感的人） as the "Graveyard School" were widely read. The romantic poems of the Scottish peasant poet, Robert Burns and William Blake also joined in, paving the way for the flourish of Romanticism early the next century.Modernism rose out of skepticism（怀疑主义）and disillusion（使醒悟） of capitalism（资本主义）. The appalling（可怕的）shock of the First World War severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values; and the rise of the irrational（荒谬的） philosophy and new sciencegreatly incited（煽动，激励） writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.The French symbolism（象征主义）, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded（预示着，先驱） modernism. After the First World War, all kinds of literature trends of modernism appeared: expressionism, surrealism, futurism, Dadaism（达达主义崇尚虚无的艺术派别）, imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s, these trends converged（聚合） into a mighty torrent of modernist movement, which swept across the whole Europe and America. The major figures that were associated with this movement were Kafka, Picasso, Pound, Webern, Eliot, Joyce and Virginia woolf. Modernism was somewhat curbed（抑制） in the 1930s. But after the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that " the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony（苦恼）."Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted（扭曲的）, alienated（疏远的） and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective.They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Therefore, they pay more attention to the psychic（精神的，灵魂的）time than the chronological （按时间顺序的）one. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled （混合）together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against realism. It rejects rationalism, which is the theoretical base of realism; it excludes from its major concern the external, objective, material world, which is the only creative source of realism; by advocating a free experimentation（实验） on new forms and new techniques in literary creation, it casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc., which are essential to realism. As a result,the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama.Page 1~2The period of Old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066,t he year of the Norman conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from the Northern Europe brought with them not only the Anglo-Saxon language, the basis of Modern English, but also a specific poetic tradition, which is both bold and strong, mournful(悲哀的) and elegiac（哀伤的） in spirit. Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: the religious group and the secular（世俗的）one. The poetry of the religious group is mainly on biblical（圣经的）themes. G enesis A, Genesis B and Exodus are poems based on the Old Testament（旧约）; Whereas（然而）The Dream of the Rood （基督受难的十字架）comes from the New Testament（新约. In this poem, Christ is portrayed（描绘） as the young warrior striding（大步行走）to embrace death and victory, while the rood (cross) itself takes on the burden of his suffering. In addition to these religious compositions, Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical （抒情的）poems of shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines （教义，信条）, but evoke（唤起） the Anglo-Saxon sense of the harshness（严酷的） ofWanderer，Deor，circumstance and the sadness of the human lot. TheThe seafarer, and the Wife's complaint are among the most beautiful inthis secular group. The harsh climate of North Sea strongly affected the tone or mood of the poets. The life is sorrowful, and the speakers are fatalistic（宿命论的）, though at the same time courageous and determined.Page 82Neoclassicists（新古典主义） had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre（流派） of literature. Prose（散文） should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic（说教的）, satiric（讽刺的） or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets （英雄双韵体） (iambic pentameter （抑扬格五音步）rhymed in two lines); The three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.Page 83And from the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classic literary tradition to originality and imagination, from society to individual, and from the didactic to theconfessional（忏悔的）, inspirational and prophetic.Gothic novels—mostly stories of mystery and horror which take place in some haunted or dilapidated（荒废的，破旧的） and Middle Age castles— were turned out profusely（丰富的） by both male and female writers; works such as The Castle of Otranto（1765）by Horace Walpole, The mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and The Italian (1797) by Mrs. Ann Radcliffe，The Champion of Virtue， a Gothic Story (1777) by Clara Reeve, and The Monk (1796) by M.G.Lewis became very popular. Eulogizing（颂扬，称赞） or lamenting （挽歌，哀掉）lyrics by nature poets like James Thomson, William Collins, and William Cowper, and by such sentimentalists（多愁善感的人） as the "Graveyard School" were widely read. The romantic poems of the Scottish peasant poet, Robert Burns and William Blake also joined in, paving the way for the flourishof Romanticism early the next century.Page 157The movement which we call Romanticism is something not so easy to define, especially concerning its characteristics or dates. For it is a broad movement that affected the whole of Europe ( and America). However, English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth andColeridge's Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.Page 235Ideologically, the Victorians experienced fundamental changes. The rapid development of science and technology, new inventions and discoveries in geology（地质学）, astronomy, biology and anthropology drastically shook people's religious convictions（信念）. The religious collision that started from the early nineteenth century continued and was intensified（变激烈） by the disputes over evolutionary （进化）science.Darwin's The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent（血统） ofMan (1871) shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith. New scientific discoveries increased people's religious doubts and anxieties. In his long poem In Memoriam（悼念） Tennyson recorded his own experience of religious uncertainties before the falling faith in god. O nthe other hand, Utilitarianism （实用主义） was widely accepted and practiced . Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion（准则） of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. The Bible and the Evangelical（福音派） Orthodoxy（东正教） were regarded either as an outmoded （过时的）superstition or tested by the principle of utility. Church service became a form instead ofreal devotion. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class industrialists（工业家）, whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost and brought greater suffering and poverty to the working mass. Dickens, Carlyle, Ruskin and many other socially conscious writers severely criticized the utilitarian creed（信条，教义）, especially its depreciation （折旧，贬值）of cultural values and its cold indifference towards human feelings and imagination.Page 312~313Modernism rose out of skepticism（怀疑主义）and disillusion（使醒悟）of capitalism（资本主义）. The appalling（可怕的）shock of the First World War severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values; and the rise of the irrational（荒谬的） philosophy and new science greatly incited（煽动，激励） writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.The French symbolism（象征主义）, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded（预示着，先驱） modernism. After the First World War, all kinds of literature trends of modernism appeared: expressionism, surrealism, futurism, Dadaism（达达主义崇尚虚无的艺术派别）, imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s, these trends converged（聚合） into a mighty torrent of modernist movement, whichswept across the whole Europe and America. The major figures that were associated with this movement were Kafka, Picasso, Pound, Webern, Eliot, Joyce and Virginia woolf. Modernism was somewhat curbed（抑制） in the 1930s. But after the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that " the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony（苦恼）."Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted（扭曲的）, alienated（疏远的） and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Therefore, they pay more attention to the psychic（精神的，灵魂的）time than the chronological （按时间顺序的）one. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled （混合）together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against realism. It rejects rationalism, which is the theoretical base of realism; it excludes from its major concern the external, objective, material world, which is the onlycreative source of realism; by advocating a free experimentation（实验） on new forms and new techniques in literary creation, it casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc., which are essential to realism. As a result, the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama.Page 316The first three decades of this century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind, that one's present was the sum of his past, present and future, and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual, writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage（1915～1938）by Richardson, Ulysses（1922）by Joyce, and Mrs. Dalloway （1925）by Woolf. Oneof the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing, which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic andmodernist novels in this century.James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist; in Ulysses, his encyclopedia-like masterpiece, Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed, illogical, illusory, and mental-emotional life of Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of every-man in the post –World-War-I Europe.Page 317The most celebrated （有名望的）dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw, who, in a sense, pioneered the modern drama, though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical（讽刺的） and bitter（充满仇恨的）attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption（腐败）, their snobbery（势利）, and their hypocrisy（虚伪）, in his plays, especially in his masterpiece, The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). Shaw is more important figure in drama than Wilde. He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare. His works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical （伦理，道德）problems, Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays. The Silver Box（1906）, and Strife（1910斗争）, are such examples, in which Galsworthy presentsnot only realistic pictures of social injustice, but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers.Page 399The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the historyof America literature, stretches form the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass. Being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called " the American Renaissance."Page 402Transcendentalism（超越论，先验论） has been defined philosophically as " the recognition in man of the capacity of knowingtruth intuitively（直觉的）, or of attaining knowledge transcending（超越） the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech," Nothing is at last sacred（神圣的） but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea thatnature is ennobling（高贵的） and the idea that the individual is divine （天赐的）and , therefore, self-reliant（自力更生）Page 471The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States,which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature, especially American fiction, from the 1850s onwards. Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism.Page 547There was a spiritual crisis in this period, but a full blossoming（绽放） of literary writings. The most recognizable（可辨认的） literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth century American literature, or we may say, the second American Renaissance, is the expatriate（移居国外）movement. When the First World War broke out, many young men volunteered to take part in "the war to end wars" only to find thatmodern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous（无聊的）, greedy, and heedless（不留心的） way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experiences in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American literature. They were basically expatriates who left America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression. These writers were later named by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, also an expatriate, "The lost Generation."。

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英美文学考试要点
II-2.课程重点
英国重点作家（姓名，文学地位，代表作）：
Geoffrey Chaucer， William Shakespeare，
John Milton，Daniel Defoe，Jonathan Swift
William Wordsworth， George Gordon Byron
2.3 理解和运用类文学术语 Rhyme Scheme (韵式,押韵格式) Rhythm (节奏) Satire (幽默讽刺) Setting (背景): Simile（明喻） Stanza （诗节） Style (文体) Setting （文学背景）
Literary Terms （文学术语）
2.4 理解和运用类文学术语 Suspense (悬念) Tetrameter （四音步诗行） Theme (主题) Pentameter （五音步诗行） Tragedy（悲剧） Tone （语气） University Wits （大学才子）
2.2 理解和运用类文学术语 Gothic Novel （哥特式小说） Image（意象） Irony (反讽) Metaphor (隐喻) Meter (格律): Picaresque Novel (流浪汉小说) Pun (双关语) Rhyme (韵律)
Literary Terms （文学术语）
华兹华斯，拜伦，雪莱，济慈，简•奥斯丁
狄更斯，夏洛蒂•勃朗特，艾米丽•勃朗特，
萧伯纳，哈代, 乔伊斯，劳伦斯
II-3.课程重点
美国重点作家（姓名，文学地位，代表作）： -Washington Irving，Edgar Allan Poe，
Nathaniel Hawthorne; Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson，Mark Twain，Henry James，
Theodore Dreiser；Ernest Hemingway， Ezra Pound， Wallace Stevens, Scott Fitzgerald，John Steinbeck，William Faulkner
欧文，爱伦·坡，霍桑，惠特曼，迪金森，马克•吐温，詹姆斯，德莱塞，海明威，庞德，斯蒂文斯，菲茨杰拉德，斯坦贝克，福克纳
III-2. 美国文学精读部分
I’m Nobody! Who Are You? Theme for English B In a Station of the Metro A Story Wet as Tears Anecdote of the Jar A Well-lighted Place The Story of an Hour My Oedipus Complex Christmas Day in the Morning
V. Literary Terms （文学术语）
1. 3 须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解） Alliteration (头韵) Ballad （民谣） Blank Verse（无韵诗） Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) Conceit (巧思妙喻) Dramatic Monologue (戏剧化独白） Point of View （视点，观点）
（人物分析，主题，写作特色等） The Scarlet Letter Huckleberry Finn Gone with the Wind The Joy Luck Club The Hours
V. Literary Terms （文学术语）
1. 1 须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解） Renaissance (文艺复兴) Humanism (人文主义) Sentimentalism (感伤主义) Romanticism （浪漫主义） Realism （现实主义） Critical Realism (批判现实主义) Modernism （现代主义） Feminism (女性主义）
IV-1. 英国作品理解
（人物分析，主题，写作特色等） Romeo and Juliet Oliver Twist Pride and Prejudice Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights Tess of the D’Urbervilles Pygmalion
IV-2. 美国作品理解
III-1.英国文学精读部分
Hamlet (Act III) Sonnet 18 The Chimney Sweeper A Red, Red Rose I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud She Walks in Beauty Eagle Pride andபைடு நூலகம்Prejudice (Chapter I) He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven Araby
Percy Bysshe Shelley，John Keats，Jane Austen
Charles Dickens， Charlotte Bronte， Emily Bronte， Bernard Shaw, Thomas Hardy,
James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence
乔叟，莎士比亚，弥尔顿，笛福，斯威夫特
V. Literary Terms （文学术语）
1. 2 须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解） Narrative Poem（叙事诗） Epic （史诗） Lyric (poem) （抒情诗） Sonnet （十四行诗） Free Verse（自由诗） Heroic Couplet（英雄联韵体） Metaphysical Poetry （玄学诗） Lost Generation (迷惘的一代） Stream of Consciousness （意识流）
Literary Terms （文学术语）
2.1 理解和运用类文学术语 Aestheticism (唯美主义) Allegory （寓言，讽喻） Allusion （引喻） Climax (高潮) Comedy（喜剧） Conflict (冲突) Elegy （挽诗） Foot (音步)
Literary Terms （文学术语）