公共管理学专业英语词汇整理

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公共管理学专业英语词汇

公共管理学专业英语词汇

公共管理学专业英语词汇目标 mission/ objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织 organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理 manager 总经理 general manager 行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor 企业 enterprise 商业 business产业 industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家 entrepreneur 权利 power职权 authority 职责 responsibility 科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science 生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive法律 law 法规 regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach 系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach 管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach 人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训 train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度 merit system 表现 behavior 下级 subordinate 偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record 误工记录 record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量 quality of products 先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service 策略 strategy 结构 structure 领先性 primacy 普遍性 pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff 批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则 rule规划 program 预算 budget 共同作用 synergy 大型联合企业 conglomerate 资源 resource 购买 acquisition 增长目标 growth goal 专利产品 proprietary product 竞争对手 rival 晋升 promotion 管理决策 managerial decision 商业道德 business ethics 有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier 小贩 vendor 利益冲突 conflict of interests 派生政策 derivative policy 开支帐户 expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave 休假 vacation 工时 labor-hour 机时 machine-hour 资本支出 capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率 tax rate 股息 dividend 现金状况 cash position 资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget 资产负债表 balance sheet 可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment 生产能力 capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner 最终结果 end result 业绩performance个人利益 personal interest 福利 welfare 市场占有率 market share 创新innovation 生产率 productivity 利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool 激励方法 motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会 opportunity 威胁 threat个人责任 personal responsibility 顾问 counselor 定量目标 quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表 payroll 策略 strategy 政策 policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略 consistency strategy 公共关系 public relation 价值 value 抱负aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查review 批准approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfoliomatrix 明星star 问号question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购procurement 人口因素 demographic factor 地理因素 geographic factor 公司形象 company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership个性 individuality 性格 personality 安全 safety 自主权 latitude 悲观的pessimistic 静止的static 乐观的optimistic 动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible 抵制 resistance 敌对 antagonism 折中 eclectic 激励 motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持 maintenance 保健 hygiene 激励因素 motivator 概率 probability 强化理论 reinforcement theory 反馈 feedback 奖金 bonus 股票期权 stock option 劳资纠纷 labor dispute 缺勤率 absenteeism 人员流动 turnover 奖励 reward 特许经营 franchise 热诚 zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty 奉献 devotion 作风 style 品质 trait适应性 adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence 专制式领导 autocratic leader 民主式领导 democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率 work efficiency 服从 obedience 领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership 参与型领导 participative leadership 指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research,development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research&.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯(电信)员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话 consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者 chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权 cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理 comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准 confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应 critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产 collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体 collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性 centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法 division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理 employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统 entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估 franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化 gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网 global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换 infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬 inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数 laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格 least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力 liability 负债liaison 联络者 line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性 liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术 losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理 Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管 management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观 multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司 moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构 multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义 mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理 meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nna?ve relativism 朴素相对主义 need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化 norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策 nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术 niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训 on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算 order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统 organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位 outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务 organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾 paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾 paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾 paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率 participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型 peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者 portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资 positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性 profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策 psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式 personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存 professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别 problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量 quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场 quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术 retention 保留rational approach 理性方法 rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本 sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练 sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化 single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法 situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论 sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产 sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度 staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划 step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则 stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段 strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系 strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施 strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变 satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统 subunits 子单位synergy 协同 system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度 sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队 specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构 task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性 task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格 total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理 training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序 transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导 treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论 two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻 unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子 variety 变量valence 效价 variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通 vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训 volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接 venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境 win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力 work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成 work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。

公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览
tempt诱惑、吸引, attempt, contract, attract, candidate候补的, commercial商业的, communicate, contain, coordinate使协调, respond回应、作出反映, correspond通信、相当、符合, emphasis, enclose随信附上, focus, instinct本能、直觉, investigate, invest, manner, mere仅仅, nerve神经中枢, political, policy, reliable可靠的、可信赖的, resemble相似的, assemble集中、召集, shape外形, sophisticate世故的, stain污点,
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览
(一)
normal, radiate发射, authority,
companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体,influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,

顾建光:《公共管理英语》(修订版)--词汇汇总

顾建光:《公共管理英语》(修订版)--词汇汇总

Lesson 1citizen 公民 municipal government 市政府 administrative affairs 行政事务transparency 透明度 accomplishment 成就,成绩 financial budget 财政预算implementation 实施,实行 obligation 义务,责任 lag behind 落后于bulletin 公告,公报 natural disaster 自然灾害 to grant 授予,认可license 许可证 booth 货摊,小摊 civil affairs 国内事务domicile registration 居民登记 matrimonial registration 婚姻注册e-government 电子政府 to facilitate 使更容易 regulation 规章制度,条例healthcare 医疗卫生 Handling Affairs Online 在线事务办理to retain 保留,保存Lesson 2bureaucracy 官僚机构,官僚作风 bureaucratic constrain 官僚式约束to inhibit 抑制,约束 citizenry 平民,公民 to espouse 信奉cynic 愤世嫉俗者 to render 表现,使成为 quasi-market 准市场to streamline 使简化,使有效率,使现代化 slacken off 放慢,放缓in conjunction with 与......结合起来 status quo 现状reward and appraisal system 奖励与褒扬制度 to reshuffle 改组commitment 承诺Lesson 3public administration 公共管理,公共行政decentralization 分权化liberalization 自由化 thrust 冲击 centralization 权力集中化diagnosis 诊断,判断 impetus 推动力,刺激 permanent tension 长期的压力revenue 财政收入 revival 复兴,恢复 consolidation 联合,统一autonomy 自治,自治权 infrastructure 基础设施 jurisdiction 司法权,裁判权innovation 创新,革新 responsiveness 回应 interdependence 互相依赖remit 汇出 at odds 争议,争吵 local authority 地方政府central authority 中央政府 ceiling 上限,天花板 performance 绩效,成就emergence 出现 statute 条例,法令Lesson 4private sector 私营部门,民营部门 to generate 产生,造成judicial services 法律服务 know-how 技术秘诀 regulation 管制oversight 疏忽,失察 entrepreneur 企业家gross national income〔GNI〕国民总收入Euromoney 欧洲货币creditworthiness 信贷价值public sector 公共部门vibrant 充满活力的,活跃的 to levy 征税 progressivity 进步 incentive 动机monopoly 垄断 budget 预算 accessibility 可达性,可获得性affordability 可承担,可负担性 stark 完全的,巨大的Lesson 5community 社区 interpersonal 人与人之间的 predisposition 倾向to embody 使具体化,具体表现 indelible 不可或缺的,永恒的to exile 放逐,流散 to transcend 超越 static 静止的,静态的heritage 遗产,继承物Lesson 6performance management 绩效管理to forge 打造,锤炼diagnostic 诊断的integrative 综合的,一体化的 holistic 总体的,全部的 mission 使命unitarist 一元论的 a logical progression 一种逻辑级数performance appraisal 绩效评估 diagnosis 诊断Lesson 7indicator 指标 in aggregate 总起来看,总起来说system of national accounts 国民账户体系 statistics 统计,统计数据currency 流通货币 gross national income〔GNI〕国民总收入unincorporated business 综合经营的商业 multiple exchange rate 多重汇率Lesson 8disparity 不同,差距 coastal 沿海的 interior 内陆的financial sector 经济部门 surge 波动,汹涌 drought 干旱housing mortgage loan 住宅抵押贷款 disposable income 税后收入,可支配收入to trigger 引发,引起 state-owned enterprises 国有企业fiscal revenue 财政收入expenditure 支出,花费allowance 津贴,补助extra-budgetary funds 预算外资金 unauthorized spending 未授权的花费treasury bond 国库券 stock market 股票市场 A-share A股Indices〔index的复数〕指标,指示物 quota 配额 to rebound 反弹tandem 纵列的 consecutive fiscal stimulus 连续的财政鼓励 rebate rate 折扣率aggravate deflationary 加重通货紧缩 phytosanitary 植物检疫的,控制植物病害的Lesson 9well-off 小康的,富裕的 incomprehensive X围有限的 to shake off 摆脱,甩掉to illustrate 例示,说明 multiplication scenario 乘法情境division scenario 除法情境 to conform to the tide of the times 符合时代潮流to endeavor to foster 努力培育 household contract system 家庭联产承包责任制initiative 进取性 to usher in 引进 wrestling 对抗,斗争resource shortage 资源短缺 positive factor 积极因素,有利因素 hegemony 霸权unswervingly boost 坚定不移地推进Lesson 10recipient 接受者 foreign direct investment〔FDI〕外商直接投资momentum 动力,势头 be attributed to 归因于,由于......引起的to lure 吸引,诱惑 conglomerates 联合企业Build-Operate-Transfer model 建设-经营-移交模式〔BOT模式〕securities 有价证券the Global Venture Investor Association 国际风险投资者协会transaction 交易,业务Lesson 11scar 创伤,伤痕 premise 前提,基础 to be embedded in 深植入......,嵌入maldistribution 分配不当 change agents 变革者 ecosystem 生态系统destiny 命运 rational 理性的,合理的 to infuse 注入,灌输integrity 正直,诚实 disguised 伪装的 dysfunctional 功能不良的,功能紊乱的paternalism 家长政治 social betterment 社会改良Lesson 12battered 憔悴的,消瘦的 hospice 收容所social production organization 社会生产组织community development corporations〔CDCs〕社区发展合作组织 empowerment 授权to rekindle 重新燃起,使复苏 to monitor 检测,监督appropriateness 适当,适合Lesson 13unprecedented 史无前例的 to trigger 引发,引起 demographic 人口统计学的fertility 人口出生率 gross domestic product〔GDP〕国民生产总值enhancing security 提高保障水平 household income 家庭收入impoverishing effect 贫困效应 vulnerability 弱点 economic shock 经济冲击human capital 人力资本 enrollment 入学 public sector 公共部门immunization 预防,免疫 sanitation 卫生,卫生设施 public health 公共健康Lesson 14personnel policy 人事政策 personnel manual 人事手册governing board 政府公告 verbal 口头上的 memo 备忘录 variation 差别,差距specificity 特征,特性 to surf 冲浪,浏览〔网页〕 sexual harassment 性骚扰 Court 美国最高法院 to codify 整理,系统化,编成法典overwhelming 至关重要的,势不可当的 timeframe 时间表,进度表periodic review of policies 对政策的定期评估Lesson 15HRD〔human resource development〕人力资源开发 professional 专业人员,行家alien 完全不同的,相异的 assignment 指派,分配,委任 talent 才干,才能consultant 顾问,咨询者 clue 线索 human resource 人力资源physical resource 物力资源 financial resource 财力资源liquid asset 流动资产 liabilities 债务,负债 debt 债务 to hire 雇用to relocate 重组,重新部署 intangible 无形的 to manifest 表明,证明performance improvement 业绩提高,业绩改进Lesson 16to diversify 使多样化public ownership 公有制productivity 生产力malpractice 玩忽职守 reorganization 重组 merger 合并 to lease 批租to contract 制定合同,签订契约 scale 规模,X围 shareholding 股权asset 资产,财产 limited liability company mainstay 支柱to propel 推进 personnel arrangement 人事安排 income distribution 收入分配to embody 实现,体现,使具体化 to be conducive to 对......有帮助,有助于ensure preservation 保值 appreciation 升值 joint-stock 合资clear-cut equity structure 清晰的资产结构 equity transfer 资产转移stagnant 呆滞的 ambiguous interests 模糊的利益 supervision 监督restraint 限制Lesson 17cultivated land 可耕地 coinciding approximately with 大致与......相同arable area 可用于耕作的地域 surplus labor 剩余劳动力 to thrive 繁荣发展vitality 生机,活力 to outstrip 超过,超越 prominent 突出的,显眼的to omit 忽视,忽略 off-payroll 额外收入,隐形收入 to impede 妨碍lay-off 下岗,失业 hukou 户口 to tighten 加强,加紧excessive 过度的,过分的 social security 社会保障Lesson 18pack of 一群,一批 severe acute respiratory syndrome 严重急性呼吸综合症sign 迹象,征兆 capital influx 资本流入 giant 巨头〔本课最后一个单词〕investment liberalization 投资自由化 preferential policies 优惠政策banking 银行业 insurance 保险 wholesale 批发 retail 零售apparatus 仪器,设备 hotspot 热点,焦点 tariff 关税transnational mergers and acquisitions〔TMA〕跨国兼并收购 to plummet 暴跌intermediary agencies 中介机构 to promulgate 公布,颁布solely foreign-funded 外商独资的 joint ventures 合资企业cooperative corporation 合作企业 transnational corporation 跨国公司market-oriented 以市场为导向的 to radiate 辐射,扩散 to cancel 取消Lesson 19transformation 转型,转变 well-off 小康的,富裕的 promise 承诺,许诺to quadruple 增长三倍,达到四倍量 proficient 成熟的,精通的industrialization 工业化 complementarity 互补 to marginalize 使处于边缘economic aggregate 经济总量 integration 一体化,整合 euro zone 欧元区sluggish 缓慢的,迟缓的 superiority 杰出,优越 elasticity 弹性structural adjustment 结构调整 per-capita GDP 人均国内生产总值economic entity 经济体 annual growth rate 年增长率Lesson 20to cluster 集聚,丛生,类聚 proximate 最近的 tannery 制革厂quantifiable 可以计量的 spillover 溢出 metropolitan area 都市区economies of scale 规模经济 spatial configuration 空间结构agglomeration economies 集聚经济Lesson 21measure 量度标准 consumption 消费 to disaggregate 分解 literature 文献gender 性别 imputation 归咎 well-being 康乐,福利 to pursue 追求,追赶WHO〔World Health Organization〕世界卫生组织Lesson 22linear 线的,线性的 lateral 旁边的,侧面的 dome 圆顶 node 交点,交叉点foci 〔focus的复数〕 epitome 梗概,摘要 to partake 分担,分享,参与junction 连接,接合Lesson 23to stimulate 刺激 inter alia 在其他因素中的 sustainable manner 可持续的方式exponentially 指数的 high fertility 高生育率 high mortality 高死亡率vector 遗传媒介 prenatal 出生前的,天生的 maternal 母亲的deficiency 缺陷,缺乏environmental 环境的degradation 恶化,退化indigenous 当地的,本土的domain 领域poverty alleviation 缓解贫困reduction of poverty 贫困程度的降低 quality of life 生活质量client 客户,委托人 lending operation 借贷操作 public policy 公共政策facet 方面Lesson 24indicator 指标 to hamper 妨碍,限制 shrinking 收缩的,减少的biodiversity 生物多样性timber 木材,木料mammal species 哺乳类动物terrestrial 陆地的 aquatic 水生的,水栖的 scarcity 匮乏,短缺millennium 一千年 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 anthropogenic 人类造成的hazard 冒险,危险 stock 贮备 emission 释放,散发。

公共管理导论词汇表..

公共管理导论词汇表..

公共管理导论词汇表第一章an era of changeEra n.时代Predominate vt.支配在…中占优势Citizenry n.公民Discredited adj. 不可信的Emergence n. 出现浮现Previously adv. 先前地Bureaucracy n. 官僚制范式Hierarchical adj. 分层的等级体制的Enunciate vt. 发音阐明宣布Precept n. 规则格言命令Diligently adv. 勤奋地Manual n. 工作手册Adherence n. 遵守Politics/administration dichotomy 政治行政二分法The public interest 公共利益Anonymous adj. 无个性的Verity n. 真理Circumstance n. 氛围场合Elusive adj. 困难的Rigidity n. 僵化Subsidy n. 补助金Intertwine vi. 交织在一起Implication n. 现象Mechanism n. 有效Incontrovertible adj. 不可否认的Irksome adj. 令人讨厌的Cumbrous adj. 繁琐拖拉Moral n. 道德Paradigm n. 范例Hurdle n. 坎Discipline n. 学科Compulsion n. 强制性Reveal vi. 泄露揭露A Corpus of adj. 大量的Decline n. 下降Supersede v 取代Simultaneously adv. 同时地Initially 最初Managerialism 管理主义Market-based public administration 以市场为基础的公共行政Post-bureaucratic administration 后官僚制范式Entrepreneurial government 企业型政府abbreviate 简写为coin 创造persistent 执着的Privatization of public enterprises 公共企业民营化Implement 引用anecdotal 奇闻异事endorsement 赞许之辞,认可election 当选avid 强烈的diagnosis 诊断set out to 试图red tape 官僚习气cite 引证innovative practices 革新措施Economic Cooperation and Development (ECOD) 经济合作与发展组织International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织client nations 附属国radical 根本性的paradigm 典范centralize 中央集权的regulation规则devolution 转移,授权formulation公式化(的表述);规划;构想commonality公共striking 惊人的underlying 基础的one-best-way 最佳工作方式Indeed 其实inadequacy 缺陷In consequence 因此precision精确的foray into 尝试性介入semantic 语义学的significantly 显著的superintend监督origin 词源synonymous 同义词derive from 起源于procedure程序genuine 真正的propriety 适当principal officer主要官员assistant director 副主任Fad 一时的风尚superficial表面现象narrow sense 狭义shorthand 简略Incumbent在职的trivial 没有价值的obsolete已废弃的administration n. 行政,执行management n. 管理unresolved adj.无断力的,未解决的merely adv.不仅仅accountability n.义务有说明性的profufusion adj.丰富的足够的essentially adj.本质上的notable adj. 值得注意的output n.结果;产出legislative adj.立法的executive adj.行政的judicial adj.司法的dominant adj.支配地位的bureaucracy n.官僚主义interchangeably adv.交替地rationality n. 理性empirical adj. 经验的subset n.从属;附属key shift 主要转型globalization n. 全球化reduction n. 消减alter v. 改变scope n.规模scarce adj 稀缺的;稀有的privatization n. 私有化的ideological adj.意识方面的fade v. 消褪;衰退landmark n.里程碑simplitic adj .简化的vague adj 模糊的1.Plausibleadj.貌似真实的;貌似有理的;花言巧语的;有眉有眼2.Microeconomicsn.微观经济学prehensiveadj.全面的;综合的;全面化4.Rationaladj.神智清楚的;理性的;理智的;合理的n.合理的事物;[数]有理数;懂道理的人,人类;〈英〉合理的服装5.Incentiven.动机;刺激;诱因;鼓励adj.刺激性的;鼓励性质的6.Penaltyn.惩罚;刑罚;害处;足球点球7.Perspectiven.透镜,望远镜;观点,看法;远景,景色;洞察力adj.(按照)透视画法的;透视的8.Consumptionn.消费;肺病;耗尽;[医学]消耗性疾病9. Eligibilityn.适任,合格;被选举资格10.Empiricallyadv.以经验为主地11.Ideologicaladj.思想的;意识形态的12.Axiomn.公理;自明之理;原理;格言13.Mechanismn.机制,机能,机理;(机械)结构,机械装置,(故事的)结构;技巧,14.Accountabilityn.有责任,有义务,可说明性;会计责任;可计量性;责任制15.Subtleadj.微妙的;敏感的;狡猾的;巧妙的16. Public-spiritedadj. 有爱国心的;有公德心的; 公益的17.Implicitadj.不言明[含蓄]的;无疑问的,绝对的;成为一部份的;内含的18.Promotionn.促进,增进;提升,升级;(商品等的)推广;发扬19.Principaln.校长;委托人;当事人;资本;主犯adj.首要的;最重要的20.Divergevi.分开,叉开;分歧;偏离,背离;[数]发散,无极限vt.使发散;使偏离divergence n.分叉;分歧;背离;离题21.Monitorn.显示屏,屏幕;[计]显示器;监测仪;监控人员,班长vt.监控,监听;搜集,记录;测定;监督vi.监视22.Shareholdern.股东;股票持有者23.non-evecutive board 非执行董事会24.Attenuatevt.& vi.(使)变细;(使)变薄;(使)变小;减弱adj.稀薄的;细小的;减弱的;减少的25.Discretionn.慎重,慎重;考虑周到;判断力,辨别力;自行决定的自由26.Contractn. 合约,婚约,立约v. 缩短,感染,订约27.Specifyvt.指定;详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性vi.明确提出,详细说明28.Obligationn.义务,责任;证券,契约;债务;恩惠29.Remedyn.治疗法;补救办法;纠正办法;(硬币的)公差vt.改正,纠正,改进;补救;治疗30. contract-out 签约外包;退出合同;订立契约将工程等包出;批给外界承办31.Performance contracts 绩效合同32 .incentive pay 刺激性工资pliancen.服从,听从;承诺;柔软度;顺度34.Resentmentn.愤恨,不满35.Mandatoryadj.强制的;命令的;受委托的n.受托者36.Institutionn.(大学、银行等规模大的)机构;惯例,制度,规定,建立;社会事业机构;<口>名人,名物37.Coherencen.一致性;相干性;凝聚;联接38.Preceptn.规诫,戒律,箴言40.Seniorityn.年长;职位高;年资;资历1、machinery of government 政府机制2、personnel practices 人事管理3、recruitment 美[rɪ'krʊtmənt] n. 补充;征募新兵;招聘4、promotion 英[prə'məʊʃn] 美[prə'moʃən]n. 提升,[劳经] 晋升;推销,促销;促进;发扬,振兴5、tenure 英['tenjə] 美['tɛnjɚ]n. 任期;占有vt. 授予…终身职位paradigm 英['pærədaɪm] 美['pærə'daɪm] n. 范例;词形变化表inexorably [in'eksərəbli] adv. 无情地;冷酷地irreversible 英[ɪrɪ'vɜːsɪb(ə)l] 美[,ɪrɪ'vɝsəbl]adj. 不可逆的;不能取消的;不能翻转的imperative英[ɪm'perətɪv] 美[ɪm'pɛrətɪv]adj. 必要的,势在必行的;命令的;紧急的n. 需要;命令;祈使语气;规则短语imperative sentence祈使句;命令句;命令式;无人称句Categorical imperative绝对命令;定言令式;绝对律令;无上命令imperative stipulation强制规定imperative code命令式代码political imperative政治约束imperative operation命令式操作Humanitarian Imperative人道主义原则unscathed英[ʌn'skeɪðd] 美[ʌn'skeðd]adj. 未受伤的siege 英[siːdʒ] 美[sidʒ]n. 围攻;包围;围城;不断袭击;长期努力vt. 围攻;包围bewildering 美[bɪ'wɪldərɪŋ]adj. 使人困惑的;令人产生混乱的v. 使迷惑(bewilder的ing形式)redundancy 英[rɪ'dʌnd(ə)nsɪ] 美[rɪ'dʌndənsi]n. [计][数] 冗余(等于redundance);裁员;人浮于事第二章The Traditional Model of Public administration1.occupation [英][ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən]n.职业,工作;占有,占领;(土地)使用2.elite[英][eiˈli:t] n.<法>精华;精锐,精英;上层集团;(统称)掌权人物3.establish[英][isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立,创建;确立或使安全;使被安排好;使成为4.precedent[英][ˈpresidənt] n.前例;先例adj.在前的,在先的5.transition[英][trænˈziʃən] n.过渡,转变,变迁;[语]转换;[乐]变调6.regime[英][reiˈʒi:m]n.政治制度,政权,政体;管理,方法;7.formalize[英][ˈfɔ:məlaiz]vt.使正式,形式化;拘泥形式vi.拘泥于形式8.precept[英][ˈpri:ˌsept]n.规诫,戒律,箴言9.hierarchical[英][ˌhaiəˈrɑ:kikəl]adj.按等级划分的,等级(制度)的;分层的10.neutral[英][ˈnju:trəl]adj.中立的11.anonymous[英][əˈnɔnəməs]adj.无名的;假名的;匿名的;没有特色的12.derive[英][diˈraiv] vt.& vi.得到,导出;源于,来自;(从……中)提取13.relevant[英][ˈreləvənt]adj.有关的,中肯的;相关联的;确切的14.parallel[英][ˈpærəlel]adj.平行的;相同的,类似的;[电]并联的;15.spectacular[英][spekˈtækjulə]adj.场面富丽的,壮观的;引人注意的16.essential[英][iˈsenʃəl]adj.基本的;必要的;本质的;精华的17.continuance[英][kənˈtinjuəns]n.继续,连续,持续的时间;续篇18.procedure[英][prəˈsi:dʒə]n.程序,手续;工序,过程,步骤;诉讼程序,(议会的)议事程序19.legality[英][li:ˈgælɪti:]n.合法性;墨守法规;法律上的义务20.corruption[英][kəˈrʌpʃən]n.腐败,堕落;腐化,贪污;舞弊,贿赂;21.alien[英][ˈeiljən]adj.外国的;相异的;n.外国人;外侨vt.让渡,转让;疏远;离间22.aspire[英][əsˈpaiə]vi.渴望,立志,追求;〈诗,古〉登,升,高耸23.patronage[英][ˈpeɪtrənɪdʒ,ˈpætrə-]n.资助,赞助;光顾,任免权;支援,保护24.nepotism[英][ˈnepəˌtɪzəm]n.优待亲戚,重用亲戚,裙带关系25.initial[英][iˈniʃəl]adj.最初的;开始的;首字母的26.apprehend[英][ˌæpriˈhend]vt.理解;逮捕,拘押;忧虑27.riotous[英][ˈraɪətəs]adj.狂暴的;狂乱的;欢腾的;喧闹的28.disorder[英][disˈɔ:də]n.混乱,凌乱;动乱,骚乱;vt.使混乱,使凌乱;29.appointee[英][əˌpɔinˈti:]n.被任命者;被指定者;[法]指定的财产受益人30.patronage[英][ˈpeɪtrənɪdʒ,ˈpætrə-]n.资助,赞助;光顾,惠顾;任免权;31.egalitarian[英][ɪˌgælɪˈteəri:ən]adj.主张平等的;n.平等主义;平等主义者32.democratic[英][ˌdeməˈkrætik]adj.民主的;民主政体的33.accountability[英][əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti]n.有责任,有义务,可说明性34.sufficiently[英][səˈfɪʃəntlɪ]adv.足够地,充分地;十分,相当35.rampant[英][ˈræmpənt]adj.蔓延的;猖獗的;(指动物)只用后腿站立的;(植物)疯长的36.legislature[英][ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtʃə]n.立法机关;立法机构;立法部;(特指)州议会37recruitment[英][rɪˈkru:tmənt]n.征募新兵;补充;募集38.supervision[英][ˌsju:pəˈvɪʒən]n.监督;管理;监督的行为、过程或作用39.emphasize[英][ˈemfəsaiz]vt.强调,着重;加强语气;使突出40.implement[英][ˈimplimənt]vt.实施,执行;使生效,实现41.assassinate[英][əˈsæsəˌneɪt]vt.暗杀,行刺;中伤;诋毁42.impetus[英][ˈimpitəs]n.动力;促进;势头;声势第三章Public managementalleviate [ə‘liːvɪeɪt] vt. 减轻,缓和profound [prə'faʊnd] adj. 深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的steering from rowing 掌舵与划桨inimical [ɪ'nɪmɪk(ə)l] adj. 敌意的;有害的dubious ['djuːbɪəs] adj. 可疑的;暧昧的;无把握的;半信半疑的supplant [sə'plɑːnt] vt. 代替;排挤掉paradigm [‘pærədaɪm] n. 范例;词形变化表inevitably [ɪn'ɛvɪtəbli] adv. 不可避免地;必然地semantic [sɪ‘mæntɪk] adj. 语义的;语义学的devise [dɪ'vaɪz] vt. 设计;想出;发明;图谋;遗赠给n. 遗赠coordinate [ko‘ɔrdɪnet] n. 坐标;同等的人或物adj. 并列的;同等的vt. 调整;整合vi. 协调capacity [kə'pæsɪtɪ] n. 能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力embody [ɪm‘bɒdɪ] vt. 体现,使具体化;具体表达appraisal [ə'preɪz(ə)l] n. 评价;估价(尤指估价财产,以便征税);估计capture [kæptʃə] vt. 俘获;夺得n. 捕获;战利品,俘虏integrative [ɪntə'ɡretɪv] adj. 综合的presume [prɪ‘zjuːm] vt. 假定;推测;擅自;意味着vi. 相信;擅自行为expenditure [ɪk'spendɪtʃə] n. 支出,花费;经费,消费额bureau ['bjʊərəʊ] n. 局,处;衣柜;办公桌anonymity [ænə'nɪmɪtɪ] n. 匿名;匿名者;无名之辈implementation [ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] n. [计] 实现;履行;安装启用generic [dʒɪ'nerɪk] adj. 类的;一般的;属的;非商标的moot [muːt] adj. 无实际意义的;未决议的vt. 提出…供讨论n. 大会;辩论会;假设案件constraint [kən'streɪnt] n. [数] 约束;局促,态度不自然;强制hierarchical [haɪə'rɑːkɪk(ə)l] adj. 分层的;等级体系的scrupulously [‘skruːpjʊləsli] adv. 严谨地;小心翼翼地;多顾虑地nonpartisan [nɒnpɑːtɪ‘zæn] adj. 无党派的;超党派的n. 无党派的人undermine [ʌndə'maɪn] vt. 破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基legitimacy [lɪ'dʒɪtɪməsɪ] n. 合法;合理;正统infuse [ɪn'fjuːz] vt. 灌输;使充满;浸渍vi. (茶叶、草药等)被泡pursuit [pə'sjuːt] n. 追赶,追求;职业,工作spectrum [ 'spektrəm] n. 光谱;频谱;范围;余象disenchantment [dɪsɪn'tʃæntmənt] n. 醒悟,清醒;不抱幻想explicit [ɪk'splɪsɪt] adj. 明确的;清楚的;直率的;详述的exhort [ɪg'zɔːt] vt. 忠告;劝诫vi. 劝告advent [ædvɛnt] n. 到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节tinker [tɪŋkə] n. 补锅匠;修补匠;焊锅;(美)小鲭鱼vi. 做焊锅匠;焊补;笨手笨脚地做事vt. 修补;粗修coalesce [kəʊə‘les] vi. 合并;结合;联合vt. 使…联合;使…合并cargo cult 船货崇拜post-Fordism 后福特主义convergence [kən'vɜːdʒəns] n. [数] 收敛;会聚,集合intermediate [ɪntə‘miːdɪət] vi. 起媒介作用adj. 中间的,中级的n. [化学] 中间物;媒介monopoly [mə'nɒp(ə)lɪ] n. 垄断;垄断者;专卖权practitioner [præk'tɪʃ(ə)nə] n. 开业者,从业者blur [blɜː] vt. 涂污;使…模糊不清;使暗淡;玷污vi. 沾上污迹;变模糊n. 污迹;模糊不清的事物frontier [‘frʌntɪə] n. 前沿;边界;国境adj. 边界的;开拓的formulation [fɔrmjə‘leʃən] n. 构想,规划;公式化;简洁陈述high-profile adj. 高调的;备受瞩目的;知名度高的aarbitrary [ˈɑ:bitrəri] adj. [数] 任意的;武断的;专制的re-deploy 重新部署调配segment vi. 分割n. 段;部分vt. 分割disentangle [dɪsɪn'tæŋg(ə)l] vi. 解决;松开;解开纠结;解决(纠纷)vt. 解开;松开;使解脱conceivable [kən'siːvəb(ə)l] adj. 可能的;想得到的,可想像的domain [də(ʊ)'meɪn] n. 领域;域名;产业;地产formula ['fɔːmjʊlə] n. [数] 公式,准则;配方;婴儿食品discard [dɪ'skɑːd] vt. 抛弃;放弃;丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃;被丢弃的东西或人stringency ['strɪŋdʒəns] n. 严格;说服力;(货币)[金融] 银根紧;迫切elaboration [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] n. 苦心经营,精巧;详细阐述empirical [em'pɪrɪk(ə)l] adj. 经验主义的,完全根据经验的deductive [dɪ‘dʌktɪv] adj. 演绎的;推论的;推断的antecedent [æntɪ'siːd(ə)nt] n. 前情;先行词;祖先adj. 先行的;前驱的;先前的terminate vt. 使终止;使结束;解雇mind-set ['maindset] n. 心态;思想的形式axiomatically [æksɪə‘mætɪkli] adv. 自明地;照公理emulate ['emjʊleɪt] vt. 仿真;模仿;尽力赶上;同…竞争n. 仿真;仿效derogatory [dɪ'rɒgət(ə)rɪ] adj. 贬损的ideological [aɪdɪəʊ'lɒdʒɪkəl] adj. 思想的;意识形态的flaw [flɔː] n. 瑕疵,裂纹;缺点;一阵狂风vt. 使无效;使破裂,使有缺陷vi. 生裂缝,变的有缺陷ill-conceived [‘ilkən’si:vd] adj. 构想拙劣的;计划不周的paradoxical [pærə'dɒksɪk(ə)l] adj. 矛盾的;诡论的;似非而是的monetary ['mʌnɪt(ə)rɪ] adj. 货币的;财政的doom [duːm] n. 厄运;死亡;判决;世界末日vt. 注定;判决;使失败decentralize [di‘sɛntrə’laɪz] vt. 使分散;使分权;疏散vi. 分散集权;疏散n. 分散hard-nosed adj. 顽固的;精明的;讲究实际的;嗅觉不好的n. 重视实际的人disincentive [dɪsɪn‘sentɪv] n. 抑制因素adj. 抑制的derogation [derə‘geɪʃ(ə)n] n. 毁损,减损;堕落reinstate [riːɪn'steɪt] vt. 使恢复;使复原entrepreneurial [ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] adj. 企业家的,创业者的;中间商的nostrum [nɒstrəm] n. 秘方;成药;万能药inculcate ['ɪnkʌlkeɪt] vt. 教育;谆谆教诲;教授;反覆灌输endemic [en‘demɪk] adj. 地方性的;风土的n. 地方病transparency [træn'spær(ə)nsɪ] n. 透明,透明度;幻灯片;perceive [pə‘siːv] vt. 察觉,感觉;理解;认知vi. 感到,感知;认识到usurpation [juːzɜː'peɪʃən] n. 篡夺;夺取entail [ɪn'teɪl] vt. 使需要,必需;承担;遗传给;蕴含n. 引起;需要;继承第四章第五章P94第一段Scope[skop]范围target [ˈtɑrɡɪt]目标Sector [ˈsɛktɚ, -ˌtɔr]扇形;局;部门heyday极盛Controversy[ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi]争议第二段Unresolvable无法解析的Ideology[ˌaɪdiˈɑlədʒi, ˌɪdi-]思想Desirable[dɪˈzaɪrəbəl]合意的Overwhelm[ˌovɚˈhwɛlm, -ˈwɛlm]压倒性的Dispose [dɪˈspoz]部署P95第一段Extent [ɪkˈstɛnt]程度Inherently[ɪnˈherəntli]本质上Inferior[ɪnˈfɪriɚ]下等的Privatize[ˈpraɪvəˌtaɪz]私有化第二段Lease [lis]租赁Inadequate[ɪnˈædɪkwɪt]不足Closure关闭的Monopoly[məˈnɑpəli]垄断第三段Wartime[ˈwɔrˌtaɪm]战时Collaboration [kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn]合作Recognizable [ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl]识别P96第一段Facilitate [fəˈsɪlɪˌtet]促进Centralize [ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz]集中Capitalist [ˈkæpɪtlɪst]资本主义的Socialist [ˈsoʃəlɪst]社会主义的Externality [ˌɛkstɚˈnælɪti]外部性第二段Spillover [ˈspɪlˌovɚ]外溢Retain [rɪˈten]保留Extensive [ɪkˈstɛnsɪv]广泛Staff [stæf]员工Utility[juˈtɪləti]效用Sparsely [ˈspɑrslɪ]人烟稀少P100第2段deregulation [ˌdiːˌreɡju’leɪʃn] n.解除管制规定;违反规定,反常;P101第2段stimulate[ˈstimjuleit]vt.刺激;激励,鼓舞;使兴奋vi.起兴奋作用;起促进作用;起刺激作用incentive[inˈsentiv] n.动机;刺激;诱因;鼓励adj.刺激性的;鼓励性质的deteriorate [diˈtiəriəreit]vt.使恶化vi.恶化,变坏monitoring mechanisms监督机制第3段license [ˈlaisəns] n.许可证,执照;特许vt.同意;发许可证restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃən] n.限制,限定;拘束,束缚;管制interventionist [ˌɪntəˈvenʃənist] adj.干涉主义的;进行干涉的n.干涉主义者;主张干预的人P102第2段exploitation[ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən] n.开发;利用;剥削;广告推销constrain [kənˈstrein] vt.强迫;强使;限制;约束predatory [ˈpredəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:] adj.掠夺成性的;食肉的;捕食生物的duplicate [ˈdju:plikit]adj.复制的,副本的;成对的,二倍的;(与另一个)完全相同的;复式的n.复制品;复印件;vt.复制,复写;使成双,使加倍;重演,重复第3段Sunk cost 投资损失成本P103第1段renewal [rɪˈnu:əl, -ˈnju:-] n.重建,重生;更新,革新;重申;合同的续订by-product 附带产品allocative 配置的,煽动性的perpetual [pəˈpetʃuəl] P104第1段adj. 永久的;不断的;无期限的;四季开花的Cross-subsidies 交叉补贴P105第3段第105页第三段efficiency [ɪ'fɪʃənsi]n. 效率;效能;功效inherently [ɪn'hɪrəntli] adv. 内在地;固有地;天性地theoretical [,θiə'rɛtɪkəl] adj. 理论的;理论上的;假设的;推理的enterprise ['ɛntɚ'praɪz] n. 企业;事业;进取心;事业心sector ['sektə] n. 部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺vt. 把…分成扇形structure ['strʌktʃɚ] n. 结构;构造;建筑物vt. 组织;构成;建造incentive [ɪn'sɛntɪv] n. 动机;刺激adj. 激励的;刺激的straightforward [,stret'fɔrwɚd] adj. 简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的adv. 直截了当地;坦率地conducive [kən'dusɪv] adj. 有益的;有助于…的assume [ə'sum] vt. 承担;假定;采取;呈现vi. 装腔作势;多管闲事accountability [ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti] n. 有义务;有责任;可说明性第105页第四段systematic ['sɪstə'mætɪk] adj. 系统的;体系的;有系统的;[图情] 分类的extremely [ɪk'strimli] adv. 非常,极其;极端地generalization [,dʒɛnrələ'zeʃən] n. 概括;普遍化;一般化drawn [drɔn] adj. 拔出的v. 画,绘图(draw的过去分词)empirical [ɪm'pɪrɪkl] adj. 经验主义的,完全根据经验的impressionistic [,ɪmprɛʃə'nɪstɪk] adj. 印象派的;印象主义的;给人深刻印象的contractor[kən'træktɚ] n. 承包人;立契约者contracting out合同外包construction[kən'strʌkʃən] n. 建设;建筑物;解释;造句asset['æsɛt] n. 资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件ease[iz] vt. 减轻,缓和;使安心n. 轻松,舒适;安逸,悠闲vi. 减轻,缓和;放松;灵活地移动substantiate[səb'stænʃɪet] vt. 证实;使实体化第105页第五段clear-cut['kliə'kʌt] adj. 清晰的;轮廓鲜明的第106页第一段proponent[prə'ponənt] n. 支持者;建议者;提出认证遗嘱者accountable[ə'kaʊntəbl] adj. 有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的shareholder['ʃɛrholdɚ] n. 股东;股票持有人sanction['sæŋkʃən] n. 制裁,处罚;认可;支持vt. 制裁,处罚;批准;鼓励takeover['tekovɚ] n. 接管;验收averse[ə'vɝs] adj. 反对的;不愿意的contempt[kən'tɛmpt] n. 轻视,蔑视;耻辱measurable['mɛʒərəbl] adj. 可测量的;重要的;重大的regulatory['rɛɡjələtɔri] adj. 管理的;控制的;调整的firm[fɝm] adj. 坚定的;牢固的;严格的;结实的vt. 使坚定;使牢固vi. 变坚实;变稳固adv. 稳固地n. 公司;商号regime[re'ʒim] n. 政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制imposed[,sɛlfɪm'pozd] adj. 强加的;施加的;应用的v. 欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于sustain[sə'sten] vt. 维持;支撑,承担;忍受;供养;证实overwhelm[,ovɚ'wɛlm] vt. 压倒;淹没;受打击第106页第二段abysmal[ə'bɪzməl] adj. 深不可测的;糟透的;极度的haste[hest] n. 匆忙;急忙;轻率vi. 匆忙;赶紧vt. 赶快第106页第三段ideological[,aɪdɪə'lɑdʒɪkl] adj. 思想的;意识形态的fervour['fɝvɚ] n. 热情fundamental[,fʌndə'mɛntl] adj. 基本的,根本的n. 基本原理;基本原则irreversible[,ɪrɪ'vɝsəbl] adj. 不可逆的;不能取消的;不能翻转的redistribution[,ri,dɪstrɪ'bjʊʃən] n. [经] 重新分配intention[ɪn'tɛnʃən] n. 意图;目的;意向;愈合respective[rɪ'spɛktɪv] adj. 分别的,各自的merit['mɛrɪt] n. 优点,价值;功绩;功过vt. 值得vi. 应受报答affirm[ə'fɝm] vt. 肯定;断言vi. 确认;断言opponent[ə'ponənt] n. 对手;反对者;敌手adj. 对立的;敌对的fervently['fə:vəntli] adv. 热心地;热诚地第106页第四段pro—market亲市场第107页第一段faded['feɪdɪd] adj. 已褪色的;已凋谢的nationalization[,næʃənəlɪ'zeʃən] n. 国有化;同化,归化pragmatically[præg'mætikəli] adv. 讲究实效地;实用主义地device[dɪ'vaɪs] n. 装置;策略;图案第107页第二段sway[swe] vt. 影响;统治;使摇动vi. 影响;摇摆n. 影响;摇摆;统治fervent['fɝvənt] adj. 热心的;强烈的;炽热的;热烈的cogent['kodʒənt] adj. 强有力的;使人信服的revenue['rɛvənu] n. 税收,国家的收入;收益第107页第三段notably['notəbli] adv. 显著地;尤其utility[ju'tɪləti] n. 实用;效用;公共设施;功用adj. 实用的;通用的;有多种用途的deregulation[dɪ'rɛgjʊ,leʃən] n. 违反规定,反常;撤消管制规定第107页第四段incontrovertible[,ɪnkɑntrə'vɝtəbl]adj. 无可争议的;无疑的;明白的unconvincing[ʌnkən'vɪnsɪŋ] adj. 不足以令人相信的retain[rɪ'ten]vt. 保持;雇;记住socialism['soʃəlɪzəm] n. 社会主义core[kɔr] n. 核心;要点;果心;[计] 磁心vt. 挖...的核5.5 控制与责任1. accountability 美[ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti] n. 有义务;有责任;可说明性(107页第五节标题)2. privatization[,praɪvətɪ'zeʃən] n.私有化(108页第二行)3. operate commercially[kə'mɝʃəli] 商业运作(108页第十三行)4.maximize profit 利益最大化5. mutually 美['mjutʃuəli] adv.互相的(109页第一行)6.bureaucracy . 美[bjʊ'rɑkrəsi] n. 官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治(109页第一段第十行)7.adequate 英['ædɪkwət] adj. 充足的;适当的;胜任的(109页第二段第二行)8.managerial freedom 管理自主性(109页小标题)9.irrespective 美[,ɪrɪ'spɛktɪv] adj. 无关的;不考虑的;不顾的(110页第五行)第六章predominant[英][priˈdɔminənt] [美][prɪˈdɑmənənt] adj. 有影响的;占优势的,卓越的;主要的,占主导地位的;特优种;implicit[英][imˈplisit] [美][ɪmˈplɪsɪt] adj. 不言明[含蓄]的;无疑问的,绝对的;成为一部份的;内含的;impetus[英][ˈimpitəs] [美][ˈɪmpɪtəs] n. 促进;动力;势头;声势;precise[英][priˈsais] [美][prɪˈsaɪs] adj. 正规的;清晰的;精确的;精密;marshal[英][ˈmɑ:ʃəl] [美][ˈmɑrʃəl] n. 消防局长;执法官;元帅;典礼官;vt. 整理,排列,集结;vi. 排列;编队;elusive[英][ɪˈlu:sɪv] [美][ɪˈlusɪv] adj. 不易记住的;难以找到的;难以捉摸的;逃避的;delineatingv. 勾画,描述( delineate的现在分词);twilight[英][ˈtwailait] [美][ˈtwaɪˌlaɪt] n. <电影>暮光之城;黎明,黄昏,暮光;衰退期,没落时期;暮年,晚期,晚年pin down[英][pin daun] [美][pɪn daʊn] 采取行动;迫使作出决定;把…固定住;使动弹不得;scenarios[英] [siˈnɑːriəu][美] [sɪˈnɛrɪˌo]n.[意]情节;剧本;事态;amenable:[əˈmi:nəbəl, əˈmen ə-]adj. (对法律等)负责的;易控制的;经得起检验(或考查)的;可用某种方式处理的quantitative:[ˈkwɔntitətiv]adj. 定量的;数量(上)的decry:[dɪˈkraɪ]vt. 公开反对,谴责delineate:[dɪˈlɪni:ˌeɪt]vt. 勾画,描述whence:[hwens, wens]adv. 从何处,从那里;(到)…的地方;出于什么原因;n. 来源,来处,根源; pron. 哪里,何处;conj. 从那个地方;由此,据此antecedents:[ˌæntɪˈsi:dnts]n. 经历;<数>(比例)前项;<逻>前件;祖先disciplinary:] [ˈdɪsəpləˌneri:]adj. 纪律的;训练的;惩罚的esoteric: [ˌesəˈterɪk]adj. 秘传的;机密的;难解的,深奥的,限于少数人的technocrats:[ˈteknəˌkræts]n. 技术专家,专家政治论者repertoires:[ˈrepətwɑ:z]n. 全部节目;repertoires:[ˈrepətwɑ:z]n. 全部节目;cornerstones: [ˈkɔ:nəˌstəʊn]n. 奠基石;基础;最重要部份;柱石microeconomic:['maɪkrəʊˌɪkə'nɒmɪk]n. 个体经济,微观经济inductive:[inˈdʌktiv]adj. 诱导的;感应的;归纳法的;归纳的deductive:[diˈdʌktivadj. 推论的,演绎的normative:[ˈnɔ:mətɪv]adj. 标准的,规范的priesthood:[ˈpri:stˌhʊd]n. 祭司职;神职criteria:[kraɪˈtɪərɪən. (批评、判断等的)标准,准则( criterion的名词复数);superimposed:[ˌsju:pərimˈpəuzd]adj. 成阶层的,有层理的v. 使重叠,使叠加multidisciplindry: [ˌmʌltiˈdisiplinəriadj. 包括各种学科的,有关各种学问的;多学科;多部门;多科目atypical[英] [eiˈtipikəl][美] [eˈtɪpɪkəl,非典型的cogent[英] [ˈkəʊdʒənt][美] [ˈkodʒəntadj.(理由、论据)有说服力的,令人信服的indeterminacy[英] [indiˈtə:minəsi][美] [ˌɪndɪˈtɚmənəsi]n.不确定第七章Strategic [strə'tidʒɪk] 战略上的,战略的Criticize ['krɪtə'saɪz] 批评;评论;非难Inward ['ɪnwɚd] 向内的;内部的;精神的;本质上的;熟悉的;内脏;密友Shortcoming ['ʃɔrtkʌmɪŋ] . 缺点;短处Alter ['ɔːltə] . 改变,更改Specify ['spɛsɪfaɪ] 指定;详细说明;列举;把…列入说明书Dictionary ['dɪkʃə'nɛri] 字典;词典Preoccupy [pri'ɑkjə'pai] 迷住;使全神贯注Aggregate ['æɡrɪɡət] 集合;聚集;合计Proactive [pro'æktɪv] 前摄的(前一活动中的因素对后一活动造成影响的);有前瞻性的,先行一步的Untenable [ʌn'tɛnəbl] (论据等)站不住脚的;不能维持的;不能租赁的;难以防守的Priority [praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ] .优先;优先权;[数] 优先次序;优先考虑的事Coherent [ko'hɪrənt] 连贯的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相偶合的;粘在一起的Ploy [plノェ] 策略;活动;工作,使部队由横队变为纵队Analysis [ə'næləsɪs] 分析;分解;验定Military ['mɪlətɛri] 军事的;军人的;适于战争的,. 军队;军人Tactics ['tæktɪks] 策略;战术;用兵学Analogy [ə'nælədʒi] 类比;类推;类似Utilise ['ju:tilaiz] . 使用(等于utilize);利用Usage ['jusɪdʒ] 使用;用法;惯例Reassess ['riə'sɛs] 再评价;再课税;再摊派Intrinsic [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] 本质的,固有的Rivalry ['raɪvlri] 竞争;对抗;竞赛Scan [skæn] 扫描;浏览;细看;详细调查;标出格律;审视;细看Detail ['ditel] 细节,详情;选派; 画详图Constraint [kən'strent] [数] 约束;局促,态度不自然;强制Dispassionate [dɪs'pæʃənət] 不带感情的;平心静气的;公平的Substitution [sʌbstə'tjʊʃən] 代替;[数] 置换;代替物Appraisal [ə'prezl] 评价;估价(尤指估价财产,以便征税);估计Diagnose [daɪəɡ'nos] 诊断;断定;判断Deficiencies [dɪ'fɪʃənsi] 缺乏,不足;缺陷(deficiency的复数形式)Yardstick ['jɑrd'stɪk] 码尺Allocate ['æləket] 分配;拨出;使坐落于;指定Encounter [ɪn'kaʊntɚ] 遭遇,邂逅;遇到Paralysis [pə'ræləsɪs] 麻痹;无力;停顿Ultimate ['ʌltəmət] 最终的;极限的;根本的;根本;基本原则Hierarchical [haɪə'rɑrkɪkl] 分层的;等级体系的Inherently [ɪn'hɪrəntli] 内在地;固有地;天性地Anchor ['æŋkɚ] 锚;抛锚停泊;靠山;新闻节目主播;主持节目;最后一棒的Congruent 适合的,一致的;全等的;合谐的Articulate [ɑr'tɪkjulet] 清晰地发(音);明确有力地表达;用关节连接;使相互连贯Contagious [kən'tedʒəs] 感染性的;会蔓延的Implementation [ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 实现;履行;安装启用Conceivably [kən'sivəbli] 令人信服地;可相信地;想得到地Quintessence [kwɪn'tɛsns] 精华;典范;第五元素(被视为地、水、火、风以外之构成宇宙的元素)Legislative ['lɛdʒɪsletɪv] 立法的;有立法权的;立法机构Jurisdictional 管辖权的;司法的;司法权的;裁判权的Client ['klaɪənt] . [经] 客户;顾客;委托人Valid ['vælɪd] 韦尔德Sin [sɪn] 罪恶;罪孽;过失;犯过失Constitutional [kɑnstə'tuʃənl] 宪法的;本质的;体质上的;保健的;保健运动Bureaucratic [bjʊrə'krætɪk] 官僚的;官僚政治的Subvert 颠覆;推翻;破坏Pioneer [paɪə'nɪr] 先锋;拓荒者;倡导;提倡Formulate ['fɔrmjə'let] 规划;用公式表示;明确地表达Framework ['fremwノ] 框架,骨架;结构,构架Profile ['profaɪl] 侧面;轮廓;外形;剖面Catalogue 目录;(美)大学情况一览;把…编入目录Evaluate [ɪ'væljʊ'et] 评价;估价;求…的值;估价Timetable ['taɪm'tebl] 时间表;时刻表;课程表Quibble ['kwɪbl] 谬论;双关语;遁辞;挑剔;说模棱两可的话;对…诡辩Sequence ['sikwəns] [数][计] 序列;顺序;续发事件,按顺序排好Clarify ['klærəfaɪ] 得到澄清;变得明晰;得到净化Mandate ['mændet] 授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作Diversify [daɪ'vɝsɪfaɪ] 使多样化,使变化;增加产品种类以扩大Notoriously [nəu'tɔ:riəsli] 众所周知地;声名狼藉地;恶名昭彰地Inherent [ɪn'hɪrənt] 固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的Empirical [ɪm'pɪrɪkl] 经验主义的,完全根据经验的Dimension [daɪ'mɛnʃən] [数] 维;尺寸;次元;容积,标出尺寸,规格的Insular ['ɪnsəlɚ] 孤立的;与世隔绝的;海岛的;岛民的Preoccupy [pri'ɑkjə'pai] 迷住;使全神贯注Linkage ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] 连接;结合;联接;联动装置Reactive [rɪ'æktɪv] 反应的;电抗的;反动的Atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr] 气氛;大气;空气Assessment [ə'sɛsmənt] 评定;估价Morale [mə'ræl] 士气,斗志Impinge [ɪm'pɪndʒ] 撞击;侵犯Jurisdiction 司法权,审判权,管辖权;权限,权力Forth [fɔrθ] 向前,向外;自…以后Accountability [ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti] 有义务;有责任;可说明性Deadline ['dɛdlaɪn] 截止期限,最后期限Vague [veɡ] 模糊的;含糊的;不明确的;暧昧的Parallel ['pærəlɛl] 平行线;对比;使…与…平行;平行的;类似的,相同的Foster []'fɔstɚ培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);收养的,养育的Adjunct ['ædʒʌŋ(k)t] 附属物;助手;修饰语Diminish [dɪ'mɪnɪʃ] 使减少;使变小;减少,缩小;变小Precisely [prɪ'saɪsli] 精确地;恰恰Sole [sol] 鞋底;脚底;基础;鳎目鱼;唯一的;单独的;仅有的;触底;上鞋底Paralysis [pə'ræləsɪs] 麻痹;无力;停顿Derive [dɪ'raɪv] 源于;得自Entail [ɪn'tel] 限定继承,限定继承权;限定继承的财产Exploit [ɪk'splɒɪt; ek] 开发,开拓;剥削;开采;勋绩;功绩Coherent [ko'hɪrənt] 连贯的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相偶合的;粘在一起的Cognisant ['kɔgnizənt] 认知的(等于cognizant)Orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方Depict [dɪ'pɪkt] 描述;描画Normative ['nɔrmətɪv] 规范的,标准的Stakeholder [ˈsteɪkhoʊldər] 利益相关者;赌金保管者Implement ['ɪmplɪmɛnt] 实施,执行;实现,使生效;工具,器具;手段Reconstruct [rikən'strʌkt] 重建;改造;修复;重现Presume [prɪ'zum] 假定;推测;擅自;意味着;相信;擅自行为Thorough ['θʌrəʊ] 彻底的;十分的;周密的Inevitably [ɪn'ɛvɪtəbli] 不可避免地;必然地Scrutiny ['skrutəni] 详细审查;监视;细看;选票复查Ubiquitous [ju'bɪkwɪtəs] 普遍存在的;无所不在的Application [ˌæpləˈkeʃən] 应用;申请;应用程序;敷用Narrower 较狭窄的部分Hinder ['hɪndɚ] 成为阻碍;阻碍;打扰;后面的Branch [bræntʃ] 树枝,分枝;分部;支流Executive [ɪɡ'zɛkjətɪv] 经理;执行委员会;执行者;经理主管人员;行政的;经营的;执行的,经营管理的Static ['stætɪk] 静态的;静电的;静力的;静电;静电干扰Incorporate 包含,吸收;体现;把……合并;合并的;一体化的;组成公司的Rigid ['rɪdʒɪd] 严格的;僵硬的,死板的;坚硬的;精确的Reservation [rɛzɚ'veʃən] 预约,预订;保留Anew [ə'nʊ] 重新;再Substance ['sʌbstəns] 物质;实质;资产;主旨Instance ['ɪnstəns] 实例;情况;建议;举...为例Interval ['ɪntɚvl] 间隔;间距;幕间休息Cyclical ['saɪklɪkl] 周期的,循环的Ongoing ['ɑnɡoɪŋ] 不间断的,进行的;前进的;前进;行为,举止Imperative [ɪm'pɛrətɪv] 必要的,势在必行的;命令的;紧急的;需要;命令;祈使语气;规则Prevail [pri'vel] 盛行,流行;战胜,获胜Ornamental [ɔrnə'mɛntl] 装饰的,装饰性的;观赏植物;装饰品Usurp [ju:'zə:p] 篡夺;夺取;侵占;篡夺;篡权Imprecision ['ɪmprɪ'sɪʒən] 不精确;不严密Controversial [kɑntrə'vɝʃl] 有争议的;有争论的Doctrine ['dɑktrɪn] 主义;学说;教义;信条Ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs] 模糊不清的;引起歧义的Clarification [klærəfə'keʃən] 澄清,说明;净化Articulate [ɑr'tɪkjulet] 清晰地发(音);明确有力地表达;用关节连接;使相互连贯;口才好的;有关节的Doom 厄运;死亡;判决;世界末日;注定;判决;使失败Worthwhile ['wɝθ'waɪl] 值得做的,值得花时间的Scrap [skræp] 碎片;残余物;打架;少量;废弃;使解体;拆毁; 吵架Ultimate ['ʌltəmət] 最终的;极限的;根本的Amalgamation [ə,mælgə'meʃən] 融合,混合;合并,联合;[冶] 混汞法,汞齐化法Phrase [frez] 成语;习语;措词;用短语表达;用语言表达;用话表示Panacea [pænə'siə] 帕那刻亚(古希腊医药女神)第八章1、personnel[ˌpə:səˈnel] n.全体员工;人员、员工;人事部门2、external [eksˈtə:nl] adj. 外面的,外部的;表面上的;外用的;外国的n. 外部,外面;外观;外部情况3、strategic [strəˈti:dʒik] adj. 战略(上)的;战略性的;有战略意义的;至关重要的4、bureaucratically [,bjuərə'krætikli] adv.官僚主义地5、continuity[ˌkɔntiˈnjuiti] n. 连续性,继续;分镜头电影剧本;串联,衔接;[影视]剪辑6、controversy [ˈkɔntrəvə:si] n. 公开辩论;论战7、strategy [ˈstrætidʒi] n. 策略,战略;战略学8、elaborate [iˈlæbəreit] vi. 详尽说明;变得复杂vt. 详细制定;详尽阐述;[生理学]加工;尽心竭力地做9、managerial [ˌmænɪˈdʒɪəri:əl] adj. 经理的;管理上的10、attempt [əˈtempt] vt. 试图;尝试;试图夺取或攻克(堡垒、要塞等);试图征服(高山)n. 进攻;(尤指)企图杀害11、overdue [ˌəuvəˈdju:] adj. 过期的;延误的,迟到的;未兑的;早应完成的12、administration [ ədˌminisˈtreiʃən] n. 管理;实行;(政府)行政机关;(法律、处罚等的)施行13、monitoring[ˈmɔnitəriŋ] n. 监视;控制;监测;追踪以上为第一页的单词14、criticize[ˈkritisaiz]vt.& vi. 分析,评估;批评;挑剔15、incidental[ˌɪnsɪˈdentl] adj. 附属的;易发生的,偶然发生的;伴随发生的n. 附带事件;伴随事件,杂费;非主要的附带项或费用16、crucial[ˈkru:ʃəl] adj. 关键性的,极其显要的;决定性的;十字形的17、individual[ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj. 个人的;独特的;个别的n. 个人;个体18、hierarchical [ˌha iəˈrɑ:kikəl] adj. 按等级划分的,等级(制度)的;分层的19、precept [ˈpri:ˌsept] n. 规诫,戒律,箴言20、the Commomwealth Government 联邦政府21、the Coombs Commission库姆斯委员会22、recruitment [rɪˈkru:tmənt] n. 征募新兵;补充;募集23、merit[ˈmerit] n. 价值,优点;[宗教](行善得到的)功德;功绩,功勋;荣誉vt. 值得,应获得;[宗教](因行善而)应得(善报)vi. 值得,应得;[宗教]积德24、unified service 统一的服务机构25、mitigate[ˈmɪtˌɪgeɪt] vt. 使缓和,使减轻;使平息vi. 减轻,缓和下来26、fragmentary [ˈfrægmənˌteri:] adj. 碎片的;片断的;不完整的;支离破碎的27、legislate [ˈledʒɪˌsleɪt] vt.& vi. 立法,制定法律;〈美〉以立法程序创立28、arbitrary dismissal任意解雇29、characterize [ˈkæriktəraiz] vt. 描述(人或物)的特性;具有…的特征vi. 塑造人物30、hierarchy [ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n. [计]分层,层次;等级制度;统治集团;天使的级别或等级31、distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv] adj. 有特色的,与众不同的;区别的,鉴别性的;独特;特异以上为第2页的单词32、aspiring [əsˈpaiəriŋ]adj. 有志气的;有抱负的;高耸的v. 渴望;追求33、non-partisan adj. 超党的,无党派的34、efficiency [iˈfiʃənsi] n. 效率,效能;实力,能力;[物]性能;功效35、ceiling [ˈsi:liŋ] n. 天花板;最高限度;云幕高度;隔板,舱室垫板36、recruit [riˈkru:t] n. 新兵;(机构中的)新成员;新学生vt. 招聘,征募;吸收某人为新成员;动员…(提供帮助);雇用vi. 征募新兵;得到补充,得到补偿;恢复健康37、restricted [rɪˈstrɪktɪd] adj. 有受限制的;(土地)对公众不完全开放的;保密的38、distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv] adj. 有特色的,与众不同的;区别的,鉴别性的;独特;特异39、pension system养老金制度40、permanency [ˈpə:mənənsi] n. 恒久的人[物、地位],永存41、neutral [ˈnju:trəl] adj. 中立的;(化学中)中性的;暗淡的;不带电的n. (汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置;中立人士;中立国;素净色42、anonymous [əˈnɔnəməs] adj. 无名的;假名的;匿名的;没有特色的43、stability [stəˈbiliti] n. 稳定(性),稳固;坚定,恒心44、anonymity [ˌænəˈnɪmɪti:] n. 匿名;作者不详;匿名者;无名者45、seniority [si:nˈjɔ:rɪti:, -ˈjɔr-] n. 年长;职位高;年资;资历46、loyalty [ˈlɔiəlti] n. 忠诚,忠实;忠心;忠于…感情47、self-absorbed [ˈselfəbˈsɔ:bd] adj. 热衷于自己的想法的;自恋的n. 自恋狂48、claustrophobic [ˌklɔ:strəˈfəubik]adj. (患)幽闭恐怖症的,导致幽闭恐怖症的;令人不适地被关闭或被包围的n. 幽闭恐怖症患者49、occupation [ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən] n. 职业,工作;占有,占领;(土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用50、persistent [pəˈsistənt] adj. 持续的;坚持不懈的;持久的;坚持不渝51、unambitious [ˌʌnæmˈbɪʃəs] adj. 无奢望的52、unsatisfactory [ʌnˌsætɪsˈfæktəri:] adj. 不能令人满意的;不符合要求的;不满足的53、time-server [ˈtaɪmˌsɜ:və] n. 趋炎附势者54、guarantee [ˌɡærənˈti:d]adj. 有保证的;有人担保的55、mediocrity [ˌmi:di:ˈɔkrɪti:] n. 平庸,平凡;庸人;平平常常的才能56、guaranteed mediocrity保证平庸。

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结force,enforce,reinforce,report,scope,spirit,decline,climate,lend to,accuse,afford,anxiety,atmosphere,blame,bargain,calculate,circle,confidence,conscious,convince,custom,desperate,encourage,discourage,economic,economy,motive,promote,emotional,motion,fail to,flat,install,intimate,limit,major,no matter,neutral,outlet,perform,inform,formal,normal,radiate,authority,companion,concept,create,creature,dentist,identify,identical,identity,engage,entitle,evaluate,fluid,influence,fortune,fulfill,general,intense,interpret,justice,adjust,judge,minor,observe,deserve,preserve,parallel,percept,stuff,surroundings,transport,transmit,transform,undergo,wander,wonder,widespread,ambition,approach,brief,conquer,result,consult,insult,deliberate,despair,compare,emergence,emergency,establish,exhaust,expand,fade,frustrate,handy,incredible,inherit,conference,infer,offer,interfere,length,manufacture,mood,necessity,noble,occasion,occasional,output,oversea,pattern,plunge,practice,practical,recognize,release,rescue,maintain,remain,obtain,entertain,rural,urban,similar to,trial,trail,witness,absolute,accumulate,in advance,advanced,advantage,agent,appeal,application,point,appoint,approximate,barrier,claim,climate,complicate,comprise,considerable,resume,consume,assume,contact,convict,crew,crucial,define,definite,deliver,disaster,disorder,diverse,economic,alert,exert,facility,faith,faithful,gap,sympathy,trace,track,visual,vision,worship,apparatus,brand,civil,clarity,declare,combine,connect,consider,insert,desert,drown,external,frank,press,impress,pressure,depress,express,indispensable,inspect,respect,prospect,perspective,peculiar,particular,likely,inquire,require,acquire,request,result ,consult,insult,spray,announce,pronounce,apparent,boundary,frontier,nullity,debate,decrease,increase,reduce,include,conclude,exclude,federal,firm,forecast,foresee,grateful,integrate,divide,individual,fence,defense,offend,portion,proper,property,reputation,restrict,loyal,royal,spot,terminal,alter,alternate,alternative,concrete,consequent,explode,explore,exploit,hesitate,imagine,influence,innocent,guilty,persuade,possess,sample,support,vital,burden,elect,select,collect,collective,contribute,distribute,attribute,abuse,prejudice,avoid,escape,capture,compete,effort,enthusiasm,involve,evolve,imply,reply,multiply,issue,modify,occur,opponent,prefer,refer,publish,punish,rate,award,reward,shelter,skim,in spite of,temporary,vehicle,ancestor associate,refuse,confuse,describe,display,due to,error,essential,fresh,obvious,visible,invisible,previous,recall,relate,soil,spoil,stimulate,suffer,tense,accompany,analyze,conflict,convenient,derive,deprive,thrive,dominate,element,gallery,interval,lock,lack,match,ideal,reality,ignore,ignorant,independent,inspire,motion,promote,remote,motive,numerous,relevant,retreat,straight,suicide,trick,weigh,tempt,attempt,contract,attract,candidate,commercial,communicate,contain,coordinate,respond,correspond,emphasis,enclose,focus,instinct,investigate,invest,manner,mere,nerve,political,policy,reliable,resemble,assemble,shape,sophisticate,stain,strain,symbol,triumph,upright,vigorous,benefit,profit,characterize,circumstance,chain store,concentrate,delegate,diligent,dispute,estimate,factor,intentional,occupy,inject,reject,object,project,subject,scenery,survive,revive,temper,vary,accelerate,behave,concern,continue,deny,distance,insure,invade,mature,mental,monitor,mysterious,neglect,purpose,raw,refurbish,remove,restore,resort,scarcely,specific,target,alarm,approve,certify,certificate,frost,fund,genuine,intend,material,memory,primitive,propose,ruin,shadow,contrary,sufficient,accent,actually,adequate,anxious,attach,awkward,budget,capture,channel,circulate,community,company,consent,cooperate,cultivate,depart,devote,dismiss,distant,enhance,eventually,fierce,manage,overnight,passion,passive,postpone,progress,pursue,react,render,sense,treat,treaty,capacity,civilian,compel,contradiction,crack,curiosity,departure,devise,device,secure,accurate,depend,distinguish,plain,complain,explain,financial,hurt,injure,harm,destroy,ruin,comprise ,contain,embody ,subsume,construct,structure,isolate,labor,task,overlook,overcome,resist,insist,state,supreme,superior,volume,absorb,account,achieve,universal,convert,reverse,apply,applicable,applicant,application,broad,board,cancel,casual,cancer,classify,comfort,submit,permit,emit,complex,conduct,constant,core,demand,command,comment,commend,mental,recommend,mention,design,signal,significant,protect,detect,point,appoint,appointment,disappoint,duration,durable,employ,excess,exceed,success,succeed,process,proceed,false,impose,indicate,predict,opportunity,personal,pose,dispose,expose,suppose,oppose,compose,impose,deposit,poison,poverty,cautious,prove,improve,record,relieve,sincere,troop,upset,violent,welfare,abundant,advocate,affect,effect,effective,efficient,campaign,cause,commission,component,content,intention,crisis,critic,critical,destination,discard,discipline,anticipate,participate,principal,principle,familiar,feature,feasible,indifferent,provide,recover,standard,thorough,morally,virtually,deal with,copewith,doubt,执行,density,corporation,currency,current,demonstrate,countless,discount ,extraordinary,graduate,gradually,precious,precise,appreciate,reluctant,unwilling,sharp,shape,source,strength,length,supply,drop,endure,evident,enormous,intensive,preference,produce,reflect,scale,semester,shift,talent,threat,typical,vain,volunteer,accomplish,analysis,assist,persist,insist,resist,consist,colony,confront,conventional,descend,donate,elementary,eliminate,frequent,incline,instant,merit,military,prevent,represent,restrain,academic,available,challenge,continent,elaborate,function,generous,illustrate,measure,narrow,option,phenomenon,prohibit,panic,pretend,prompt,regulate,shrink,swallow,uniform,artificial,creature,determine,distinct,encounter,environment,fatigue。

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览(一)normal, radiate发射, authority,companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体,influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve 应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,轮流、交替, alternative二中选一, concrete具体的、混凝土的, consequent随之的、必然发生的, explode使爆炸, explore勘探, exploit 开发、开采、开拓, hesitate犹豫、支支吾吾的,(七)imagine, influence, innocent清白的, guilty有罪的, persuade, possess占有, sample, support, vital, burden, elect选举, select, collect, collective集合的、集体的, contribute贡献, distribute 分发, attribute归因于, abuse滥用, prejudice偏见, avoid, escape, capture捕获, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve包含、使陷于, evolve使进展、逐渐成形, imply暗示、意味, reply, multiply乘加、多元化, issue, modify修饰, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award奖品、授予, reward报酬, shelter掩蔽, skim浏览,(八)in spite of, temporary临时的, vehicle交通工具, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible看不见的, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil损坏, stimulate刺激、激励, suffer, tense, accompany,analyze, conflict战斗, convenient, derive源自、起源, deprive剥夺, thrive兴旺、繁荣, dominate, element, gallery美术馆、走廊, interval时间间隔, lock, lack, match比赛、火柴, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant无知、愚昧, independent,(九)inspire激发, motion动机, promote促进, remote遥远、冷淡的, motive 运动的、目的、主旨, numerous许多的, relevant 有关的, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh,tempt诱惑、吸引, attempt, contract, attract, candidate候补的, commercial商业的, communicate, contain, coordinate使协调, respond回应、作出反映, correspond通信、相当、符合, emphasis, enclose随信附上, focus, instinct本能、直觉, investigate, invest, manner, mere仅仅, nerve神经中枢, political, policy, reliable可靠的、可信赖的, resemble相似的, assemble集中、召集, shape外形, sophisticate世故的, stain污点,(十)strain紧张的、过度疲劳的, symbol, triumph胜利、成功, upright, vigorous精力旺盛、有力的, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance环境、境况, chain store, concentrate, delegate派……为代表, diligent勤奋的, dispute争论, estimate, factor, intentional故意的, occupy占领, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive使复兴、有效, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure保险, invade使……侵略, mature成熟、成年人的, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect忽视、忽略,(十一)purpose, raw生的、未加工的, refurbish再磨光, remove, restore修复, resort求助、讼诸, scarcely仅仅、几乎不, specific特有的, target, alarm, approve赞成, certify证明、保证, certificate证书, frost 霜、严峻的, fund, genuine真诚的, intend, material, memory, primitive原始的, propose建议、提议, ruin, shadow, contrary相反的, sufficient充分的, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach 系上、附上, awkward笨拙的、尴尬的, budget, capture捕获、赢得,channel, circulate使循环、使流通, community社团, company, consent 同意赞成, cooperate合作、协作, cultivate耕种、培养, depart走开、逝去的, devote奉献、献身,denote表示、指示(十二)dismiss解散、开除, distant, enhance, eventually最后、终于, fierce, manage, overnight通宵的, passion激情, passive被动的、消极的, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render呈交、归还, sense, treat, treaty条约、协定, capacity容量、能力, civilian平民、公务员, compel 强迫, contradiction反驳、矛盾、抵触, crack暇疵、爆裂, curiosity, departure启程、离开, devise设计、发明、图谋, device设备、装置, secure安全的, accurate精密的、准确的, depend依靠, distinguish 区别, plain平原, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody使具体化 ,subsume包含, construct建造, structure结构, isolate使隔离, labor, task, overlook远眺, overcome战胜、克服, resist抵抗, insist, state声明、陈述, supreme最高的, superior较高的, volume卷、体积, absorb, account, achieve, universal全体的, convert, reverse颠覆、相反, apply, applicable适用的, applicant申请者,application请求、申请, broad, board, cancel, casual偶然的、随意的, cancer, classify分类、分级, comfort, submit 递交、投降、服从, permit许可, emit发出、射出, complex, conduct行为、举止, constant, core核心、果核, demand, command命令、指令, comment评论、注释, commend表扬,(十三)mental, recommend推荐、介绍, mention, design, signal信号, significant意义重大的, protect, detect, point, appoint约定、指定, appointment, disappoint, duration持续时间长, durable耐久的, employ, excess过分、过量, exceed超出, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, indicate指出、显示、象征, predict预言预知, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose决定、处置, expose揭露, suppose假定、料想, oppose反对、对比, compose组成, impose征税、欺骗、强加, deposit储蓄, poison, poverty, cautious小心的、谨慎的, prove, improve改进、改善, record, relieve减轻,(十四)sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope(十五)with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,(十六)accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary,eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatiguecontend 争论、竞争者cosmos 秩序、完整体系elsewhere 在别处fabricate 捏造humbly 谦恭的offend 冒犯的primary 首要的、最初的privilege 特权refine 精炼resolve 决心、解决strikingly 醒目的、引人注目的superior 较高的trait 人的个性、特征understanding 谅解、通情达理的validate 证实、确证、有法律效力的whereas 但是、而。

mpa专业英语单词

mpa专业英语单词

可编辑精品专业单词:客体object ;主体subject subject;;我国our country our country;;农村rural area rural area;;城市urban urban;;特点feature feature;;干预intervention intervention;;模式mode mode;;市场经济market economy market economy;;计划经济planned economy planned economy;;转型期transition period transition period;;途径approach approach;;规则regulation regulation;;范围scope/area scope/area;;内容content content;;力度;通货膨胀inflation inflation;;财政赤字financial deficit financial deficit;;传统traditional traditional;;现代modern modern;;强调emphasize emphasize;;权力authority authority;;社会和谐harmonious society harmonious society;;科学发展观scientific outlook on development on development;;西方国家the western country the western country;;协调harmonize harmonize;;结构structure structure;;优点弱点机会挑战SWOT strength weakness opportunity threaten threaten;;阶段period period;;经济人economic man economic man;;官僚制bureaucracy bureaucracy;;因素;参与participant participant;;期望anticipate anticipate;;中国共产党CCP China communist party communist party;;自主权autonomy autonomy;;逐渐gradually gradually;;社区community community;;优点优点//缺点merit/demerit merit/demerit;;创造create create;; 调查investigate investigate;; 背景background background;;西方国家western country western country;; 引入竞争机制introduce competition into competition into;; 市场化marketization marketization;; 社会化socialization socialization;; 市场机制market mechanism market mechanism;; 增长率growth rate growth rate;; 合法、法治、负责、透明、有效legally legally、、rule of law rule of law、、accountability accountability、、transparency transparency、、effectiveness effectiveness;;放权放权//授权代理devolution devolution;; 定义definition definition;; 分权decentralization decentralization;; 质疑suspicion suspicion;;地方自治local autonomy local autonomy;; 自上而下自上而下//自下而上top down/bottom up down/bottom up;;经济危机economic crisis economic crisis;;多样的multiple multiple;; 宏观调控macroeconomic control control;;微观经济microeconomic microeconomic;; 资源有效配置efficient allocation of resources allocation of resources;; 努力effort effort;; 通过via/through via/through;; 分配assign assign;;政企分开separate government function from enterprise management management;; 制度system system;;根本目的the fundamental goal goal;;基本原则the fundamental principle principle;; 必要条件necessary conditions conditions;;必要手段necessary means necessary means;; 要素element element;;提高uplift uplift;; 信誉reputation reputation;; 局限性limitation limitation;; 规划plan plan;; 开发develop develop;;预测;预测forecast forecast;完善;完善perfect perfect;; needful 需要的;监督supervise/supervision supervise/supervision;; 农民peasant peasant;; 网友net friend net friend;; 同事colleague colleague;; 极美的gorgeous gorgeous;; 推进promotion 专业词组: 面临挑战face the challenge challenge;; 抓住机遇seize the opportunity opportunity;;迎接挑战meet the challenge meet the challenge;; 建立健全establish and improve improve;;加入WTO accession to WTO WTO accession to WTO;;; 采取有效措施take effective measures measures;; 源于derive from derive from;;深化改革deepen the reform deepen the reform;; 维护社会稳定maintain social stability stability;;加大力度strengthen the efforts to efforts to;; 转变职能adjust the government functions government functions;; 合同外包contract services contract services;; 连接词组: 随着…along with; 把…看作regard as regard as;; 在过去in the past in the past;; 当前currently currently;;在…条件下on condition that on condition that;; 20世纪70年代末年代末//初the late/early 1970s late/early 1970s(念(念the seventieth of the 20th century century));加大力度strengthen the effort to effort to;;加快改革accelerate the reform reform;;在20世纪in the 20th century century;; 与……相比compared with compared with;; 主要体现在mainly embodies at at;;由于as a result of/due to/because of to/because of;主要类型如下;主要类型如下the principal types are as follows follows;;解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of contradiction of;; 优点优点//缺点是theadvantage/disadvantage advantage/disadvantage;; 根据……标准according to the standard of standard of;因此;因此therefore/thus therefore/thus;;把……分类为classify …as…; 一方面,另一方面on one hand,on the other hand hand,on the other hand;;专业名词: 公共管理硕士公共管理硕士 master of master of public administration public administration;; 公共组织public organization organization;;公共部门 public sector public sector;;政府改革government reform government reform;; 治理governance governance;; 善治good governance good governance;; 管理者Manager Manager;; 行政者administrator administrator;; 公共行政Public administration administration;;公共管理public management public management;; 公共政策public policy public policy;; public affair 公共事务;公共物品public goods public goods;; 私人物品private goods private goods;; 非政府组织非政府组织//非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization Organization;; 组织organization organization;;第三部门the third sector the third sector;; 经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Development;; 政府间关系IGRintergovernmental relations intergovernmental relations;;绩效管理performance management management;; 战略管理strategic management management;; 问责制government accountability accountability;;政府工具政府工具 governmental tool governmental tool governmental tool;; 全面质量管理TQM total quality management quality management;;目标管理MBO management by objectives objectives;标杆管理;标杆管理benchmarking management benchmarking management;; 政府作用government role government role;; 公共政策public policy public policy;; 人力资源管理HRM human resource management resource management;; 公共经济管理public economy management management;公共管理伦理;公共管理伦理public administration ethics ethics;;政府工具governmental tool governmental tool;; 政府失败government failures failures;; 新公共管理new public management management;; 绩效评估performance evaluation evaluation;; 流程再造process re-engineering re-engineering;;.。

mpa专业英语单词

mpa专业英语单词

专业单词:客体object ;主体subject;我国our country;农村rural area;城市urban;特点feature;干预intervention;模式mode;市场经济market economy;计划经济planned economy;转型期transition period;途径approach;规则regulation;范围scope/area;内容content;力度;通货膨胀inflation;财政赤字financial deficit;传统traditional;现代modern;强调emphasize;权力authority;社会和谐harmonious society;科学发展观scientific outlook on development;西方国家the western country;协调harmonize;结构structure;优点弱点机会挑战SWOT strength weakness opportunity threaten;阶段period;经济人economic man;官僚制bureaucracy;因素;参与participant;期望anticipate;中国共产党CCP China communist party;自主权autonomy;逐渐gradually;社区community;优点/缺点merit/demerit;创造create;调查investigate;背景background;西方国家western country;引入竞争机制introduce competition into;市场化marketization;社会化socialization;市场机制market mechanism;增长率growth rate;合法、法治、负责、透明、有效legally、rule of law、accountability、transparency、effectiveness;放权/授权代理devolution;定义definition;分权decentralization;质疑suspicion;地方自治local autonomy;自上而下/自下而上topdown/bottom up;经济危机economic crisis;多样的multiple;宏观调控macroeconomic control;微观经济microeconomic;资源有效配置efficient allocation of resources;努力effort;通过via/through;分配assign;政企分开separate government function from enterprise management;制度system;根本目的the fundamental goal;基本原则the fundamental principle;必要条件necessary conditions;必要手段necessary means;要素element;提高uplift;信誉reputation;局限性limitation;规划plan;开发develop;预测;预测forecast;完善perfect;needful需要的;监督supervise/supervision;农民peasant;网友net friend;同事colleague;极美的gorgeous;推进promotion专业词组:面临挑战face the challenge;抓住机遇seize the opportunity;迎接挑战meet the challenge;建立健全establish and improve;加入WTO accession to WTO;;采取有效措施take effective measures;源于derive from;深化改革deepen the reform;维护社会稳定maintain social stability;加大力度strengthen the efforts to;转变职能adjust the government functions;合同外包contract services;连接词组:随着…along with;把…看作regard as;在过去in the past;当前currently;在…条件下on condition that;20世纪70年代末/初the late/early 1970s(念the seventieth of the 20th century);加大力度strengthen the effort to;加快改革accelerate the reform;在20世纪in the 20th century;与……相比compared with;主要体现在mainly embodies at;由于as a result of/due to/because of;主要类型如下the principal types are as follows;解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of;精选文库优点/缺点是theadvantage/disadvantage;根据……标准according to the standard of;因此therefore/thus;把……分类为classify …as…;一方面,另一方面on one hand,on the other hand;专业名词:公共管理硕士master of public administration;公共组织public organization;公共部门public sector;政府改革government reform;治理governance;善治good governance;管理者Manager;行政者administrator;公共行政Public administration;公共管理public management;公共政策public policy;public affair公共事务;公共物品public goods;私人物品private goods;非政府组织/非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization;组织organization;第三部门the third sector;经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development;政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations;绩效管理performance management;战略管理strategic management;问责制government accountability;政府工具governmental tool;全面质量管理TQM total quality management;目标管理MBO management by objectives;标杆管理精选文库benchmarking management;政府作用government role;公共政策public policy;人力资源管理HRM humanresource management;公共经济管理public economymanagement;公共管理伦理public administration ethics;政府工具governmental tool;政府失败government failures;新公共管理new publicmanagement;绩效评估performanceevaluation;流程再造process re-engineering;。

公共管理导论词汇表

公共管理导论词汇表

公共管理导论词汇表第一章an era of changeEra n.时代Predominate vt.支配在…中占优势Citizenry n.公民Discredited adj. 不可信的Emergence n. 出现浮现Previously adv. 先前地Bureaucracy n. 官僚制范式Hierarchical adj. 分层的等级体制的Enunciate vt. 发音阐明宣布Precept n. 规则格言命令Diligently adv. 勤奋地Manual n. 工作手册Adherence n. 遵守Politics/administration dichotomy 政治行政二分法The public interest 公共利益Anonymous adj. 无个性的Verity n. 真理Circumstance n. 氛围场合Elusive adj. 困难的Rigidity n. 僵化Subsidy n. 补助金Intertwine vi. 交织在一起Implication n. 现象Mechanism n. 有效Incontrovertible adj. 不可否认的Irksome adj. 令人讨厌的Cumbrous adj. 繁琐拖拉Moral n. 道德Paradigm n. 范例Hurdle n. 坎Discipline n. 学科Compulsion n. 强制性Reveal vi. 泄露揭露A Corpus of adj. 大量的Decline n. 下降Supersede v 取代Simultaneously adv. 同时地Initially 最初Managerialism 管理主义Market-based public administration 以市场为基础的公共行政Post-bureaucratic administration 后官僚制范式Entrepreneurial government 企业型政府abbreviate 简写为coin 创造persistent 执着的Privatization of public enterprises 公共企业民营化Implement 引用anecdotal 奇闻异事endorsement 赞许之辞,认可election 当选avid 强烈的diagnosis 诊断set out to 试图red tape 官僚习气cite 引证innovative practices 革新措施Economic Cooperation and Development (ECOD) 经济合作与发展组织International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织client nations 附属国radical 根本性的paradigm 典范centralize 中央集权的regulation规则devolution 转移,授权formulation公式化(的表述);规划;构想commonality公共striking 惊人的underlying 基础的one-best-way 最佳工作方式Indeed 其实inadequacy 缺陷In consequence 因此precision精确的foray into 尝试性介入semantic 语义学的significantly 显著的superintend监督origin 词源synonymous 同义词derive from 起源于procedure程序genuine 真正的propriety 适当principal officer主要官员assistant director 副主任Fad 一时的风尚superficial表面现象narrow sense 狭义shorthand 简略Incumbent在职的trivial 没有价值的obsolete已废弃的administration n. 行政,执行management n. 管理unresolved adj.无断力的,未解决的merely adv.不仅仅accountability n.义务有说明性的profufusion adj.丰富的足够的essentially adj.本质上的notable adj. 值得注意的output n.结果;产出legislative adj.立法的executive adj.行政的judicial adj.司法的dominant adj.支配地位的bureaucracy n.官僚主义interchangeably adv.交替地rationality n. 理性empirical adj. 经验的subset n.从属;附属key shift 主要转型globalization n. 全球化reduction n. 消减alter v. 改变scope n.规模scarce adj 稀缺的;稀有的privatization n. 私有化的ideological adj.意识方面的fade v. 消褪;衰退landmark n.里程碑simplitic adj .简化的vague adj 模糊的1.Plausibleadj.貌似真实的;貌似有理的;花言巧语的;有眉有眼2.Microeconomicsn.微观经济学prehensiveadj.全面的;综合的;全面化4.Rationaladj.神智清楚的;理性的;理智的;合理的n.合理的事物;[数]有理数;懂道理的人,人类;〈英〉合理的服装5.Incentiven.动机;刺激;诱因;鼓励adj.刺激性的;鼓励性质的6.Penaltyn.惩罚;刑罚;害处;足球点球7.Perspectiven.透镜,望远镜;观点,看法;远景,景色;洞察力adj.(按照)透视画法的;透视的8.Consumptionn.消费;肺病;耗尽;[医学]消耗性疾病9. Eligibilityn.适任,合格;被选举资格10.Empiricallyadv.以经验为主地11.Ideologicaladj.思想的;意识形态的12.Axiomn.公理;自明之理;原理;格言13.Mechanismn.机制,机能,机理;(机械)结构,机械装置,(故事的)结构;技巧,14.Accountabilityn.有责任,有义务,可说明性;会计责任;可计量性;责任制15.Subtleadj.微妙的;敏感的;狡猾的;巧妙的16. Public-spiritedadj. 有爱国心的;有公德心的; 公益的17.Implicitadj.不言明[含蓄]的;无疑问的,绝对的;成为一部份的;内含的18.Promotionn.促进,增进;提升,升级;(商品等的)推广;发扬19.Principaln.校长;委托人;当事人;资本;主犯adj.首要的;最重要的20.Divergevi.分开,叉开;分歧;偏离,背离;[数]发散,无极限vt.使发散;使偏离divergence n.分叉;分歧;背离;离题21.Monitorn.显示屏,屏幕;[计]显示器;监测仪;监控人员,班长vt.监控,监听;搜集,记录;测定;监督vi.监视22.Shareholdern.股东;股票持有者23.non-evecutive board 非执行董事会24.Attenuatevt.& vi.(使)变细;(使)变薄;(使)变小;减弱adj.稀薄的;细小的;减弱的;减少的25.Discretionn.慎重,慎重;考虑周到;判断力,辨别力;自行决定的自由26.Contractn. 合约,婚约,立约v. 缩短,感染,订约27.Specifyvt.指定;详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性vi.明确提出,详细说明28.Obligationn.义务,责任;证券,契约;债务;恩惠29.Remedyn.治疗法;补救办法;纠正办法;(硬币的)公差vt.改正,纠正,改进;补救;治疗30. contract-out 签约外包;退出合同;订立契约将工程等包出;批给外界承办31.Performance contracts 绩效合同32 .incentive pay 刺激性工资pliancen.服从,听从;承诺;柔软度;顺度34.Resentmentn.愤恨,不满35.Mandatoryadj.强制的;命令的;受委托的n.受托者36.Institutionn.(大学、银行等规模大的)机构;惯例,制度,规定,建立;社会事业机构;<口>名人,名物37.Coherencen.一致性;相干性;凝聚;联接38.Preceptn.规诫,戒律,箴言40.Seniorityn.年长;职位高;年资;资历1、machinery of government 政府机制2、personnel practices 人事管理3、recruitment 美[rɪ'krʊtmənt] n. 补充;征募新兵;招聘4、promotion 英[prə'məʊʃn] 美[prə'moʃən]n. 提升,[劳经] 晋升;推销,促销;促进;发扬,振兴5、tenure 英['tenjə] 美['tɛnjɚ]n. 任期;占有vt. 授予…终身职位paradigm 英['pærədaɪm] 美['pærə'daɪm] n. 范例;词形变化表inexorably [in'eksərəbli] adv. 无情地;冷酷地irreversible 英[ɪrɪ'vɜːsɪb(ə)l] 美[,ɪrɪ'vɝsəbl]adj. 不可逆的;不能取消的;不能翻转的imperative英[ɪm'perətɪv] 美[ɪm'pɛrətɪv]adj. 必要的,势在必行的;命令的;紧急的n. 需要;命令;祈使语气;规则短语imperative sentence祈使句;命令句;命令式;无人称句Categorical imperative绝对命令;定言令式;绝对律令;无上命令imperative stipulation强制规定imperative code命令式代码political imperative政治约束imperative operation命令式操作Humanitarian Imperative人道主义原则unscathed英[ʌn'skeɪðd] 美[ʌn'skeðd]adj. 未受伤的siege 英[siːdʒ] 美[sidʒ]n. 围攻;包围;围城;不断袭击;长期努力vt. 围攻;包围bewildering 美[bɪ'wɪldərɪŋ]adj. 使人困惑的;令人产生混乱的v. 使迷惑(bewilder的ing形式)redundancy 英[rɪ'dʌnd(ə)nsɪ] 美[rɪ'dʌndənsi]n. [计][数] 冗余(等于redundance);裁员;人浮于事第二章The Traditional Model of Public administration1.occupation [英][ˌɔkjuˌpeiʃən]n.职业,工作;占有,占领;(土地)使用2.elite[英][eiˌli:t] n.<法>精华;精锐,精英;上层集团;(统称)掌权人物3.establish[英][isˌtæbliʃ] vt.建立,创建;确立或使安全;使被安排好;使成为4.precedent[英][ˌpresidənt] n.前例;先例adj.在前的,在先的5.transition[英][trænˌziʃən] n.过渡,转变,变迁;[语]转换;[乐]变调6.regime[英][reiˌʒi:m]n.政治制度,政权,政体;管理,方法;7.formalize[英][ˌfɔ:məlaiz]vt.使正式,形式化;拘泥形式vi.拘泥于形式8.precept[英][ˌpri:ˌsept]n.规诫,戒律,箴言9.hierarchical[英][ˌhaiəˌrɑ:kikəl]adj.按等级划分的,等级(制度)的;分层的10.neutral[英][ˌnju:trəl]adj.中立的11.anonymous[英][əˌnɔnəməs]adj.无名的;假名的;匿名的;没有特色的12.derive[英][diˌraiv] vt.& vi.得到,导出;源于,来自;(从……中)提取13.relevant[英][ˌreləvənt]adj.有关的,中肯的;相关联的;确切的14.parallel[英][ˌpærəlel]adj.平行的;相同的,类似的;[电]并联的;15.spectacular[英][spekˌtækjulə]adj.场面富丽的,壮观的;引人注意的16.essential[英][iˌsenʃəl]adj.基本的;必要的;本质的;精华的17.continuance[英][kənˌtinjuəns]n.继续,连续,持续的时间;续篇18.procedure[英][prəˌsi:dʒə]n.程序,手续;工序,过程,步骤;诉讼程序,(议会的)议事程序19.legality[英][li:ˌgælɪti:]n.合法性;墨守法规;法律上的义务20.corruption[英][kəˌrʌpʃən]n.腐败,堕落;腐化,贪污;舞弊,贿赂;21.alien[英][ˌeiljən]adj.外国的;相异的;n.外国人;外侨vt.让渡,转让;疏远;离间22.aspire[英][əsˌpaiə]vi.渴望,立志,追求;〈诗,古〉登,升,高耸23.patronage[英][ˌpeɪtrənɪdʒ,ˌpætrə-]n.资助,赞助;光顾,任免权;支援,保护24.nepotism[英][ˌnepəˌtɪzəm]n.优待亲戚,重用亲戚,裙带关系25.initial[英][iˌniʃəl]adj.最初的;开始的;首字母的26.apprehend[英][ˌæpriˌhend]vt.理解;逮捕,拘押;忧虑27.riotous[英][ˌraɪətəs]adj.狂暴的;狂乱的;欢腾的;喧闹的28.disorder[英][disˌɔ:də]n.混乱,凌乱;动乱,骚乱;vt.使混乱,使凌乱;29.appointee[英][əˌpɔinˌti:]n.被任命者;被指定者;[法]指定的财产受益人30.patronage[英][ˌpeɪtrənɪdʒ,ˌpætrə-]n.资助,赞助;光顾,惠顾;任免权;31.egalitarian[英][ɪˌgælɪˌteəri:ən]adj.主张平等的;n.平等主义;平等主义者32.democratic[英][ˌdeməˌkrætik]adj.民主的;民主政体的33.accountability[英][əˌkaʊntəˌbɪləti]n.有责任,有义务,可说明性34.sufficiently[英][səˌfɪʃəntlɪ]adv.足够地,充分地;十分,相当35.rampant[英][ˌræmpənt]adj.蔓延的;猖獗的;(指动物)只用后腿站立的;(植物)疯长的36.legislature[英][ˌledʒɪˌsleɪtʃə]n.立法机关;立法机构;立法部;(特指)州议会37recruitment[英][rɪˌkru:tmənt]n.征募新兵;补充;募集38.supervision[英][ˌsju:pəˌvɪʒən]n.监督;管理;监督的行为、过程或作用39.emphasize[英][ˌemfəsaiz]vt.强调,着重;加强语气;使突出40.implement[英][ˌimplimənt]vt.实施,执行;使生效,实现41.assassinate[英][əˌsæsəˌneɪt]vt.暗杀,行刺;中伤;诋毁42.impetus[英][ˌimpitəs]n.动力;促进;势头;声势第三章Public managementalleviate [ə‘liːvɪeɪt] vt. 减轻,缓和profound [prə'faʊnd] adj. 深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的steering from rowing 掌舵与划桨inimical [ɪ'nɪmɪk(ə)l] adj. 敌意的;有害的dubious ['djuːbɪəs] adj. 可疑的;暧昧的;无把握的;半信半疑的supplant [sə'plɑːnt] vt. 代替;排挤掉paradigm [‘pærədaɪm] n. 范例;词形变化表inevitably [ɪn'ɛvɪtəbli] adv. 不可避免地;必然地semantic [sɪ‘mæntɪk] adj. 语义的;语义学的devise [dɪ'vaɪz] vt. 设计;想出;发明;图谋;遗赠给n. 遗赠coordinate [ko‘ɔrdɪnet] n. 坐标;同等的人或物adj. 并列的;同等的vt. 调整;整合vi. 协调capacity [kə'pæsɪtɪ] n. 能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力embody [ɪm‘bɒdɪ] vt. 体现,使具体化;具体表达appraisal [ə'preɪz(ə)l] n. 评价;估价(尤指估价财产,以便征税);估计capture [kæptʃə] vt. 俘获;夺得n. 捕获;战利品,俘虏integrative [ɪntə'ɡretɪv] adj. 综合的presume [prɪ‘zjuːm] vt. 假定;推测;擅自;意味着vi. 相信;擅自行为expenditure [ɪk'spendɪtʃə] n. 支出,花费;经费,消费额bureau ['bjʊərəʊ] n. 局,处;衣柜;办公桌anonymity [ænə'nɪmɪtɪ] n. 匿名;匿名者;无名之辈implementation [ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] n. [计] 实现;履行;安装启用generic [dʒɪ'nerɪk] adj. 类的;一般的;属的;非商标的moot [muːt] adj. 无实际意义的;未决议的vt. 提出…供讨论n. 大会;辩论会;假设案件constraint [kən'streɪnt] n. [数] 约束;局促,态度不自然;强制hierarchical [haɪə'rɑːkɪk(ə)l] adj. 分层的;等级体系的scrupulously [‘skruːpjʊləsli] adv. 严谨地;小心翼翼地;多顾虑地nonpartisan [nɒnpɑːtɪ‘zæn] adj. 无党派的;超党派的n. 无党派的人undermine [ʌndə'maɪn] vt. 破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基legitimacy [lɪ'dʒɪtɪməsɪ] n. 合法;合理;正统infuse [ɪn'fjuːz] vt. 灌输;使充满;浸渍vi. (茶叶、草药等)被泡pursuit [pə'sjuːt] n. 追赶,追求;职业,工作spectrum [ 'spektrəm] n. 光谱;频谱;范围;余象disenchantment [dɪsɪn'tʃæntmənt] n. 醒悟,清醒;不抱幻想explicit [ɪk'splɪsɪt] adj. 明确的;清楚的;直率的;详述的exhort [ɪg'zɔːt] vt. 忠告;劝诫vi. 劝告advent [ædvɛnt] n. 到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节tinker [tɪŋkə] n. 补锅匠;修补匠;焊锅;(美)小鲭鱼vi. 做焊锅匠;焊补;笨手笨脚地做事vt. 修补;粗修coalesce [kəʊə‘les] vi. 合并;结合;联合vt. 使…联合;使…合并cargo cult 船货崇拜post-Fordism 后福特主义convergence [kən'vɜːdʒəns] n. [数] 收敛;会聚,集合intermediate [ɪntə‘miːdɪət] vi. 起媒介作用adj. 中间的,中级的n. [化学] 中间物;媒介monopoly [mə'nɒp(ə)lɪ] n. 垄断;垄断者;专卖权practitioner [præk'tɪʃ(ə)nə] n. 开业者,从业者blur [blɜː] vt. 涂污;使…模糊不清;使暗淡;玷污vi. 沾上污迹;变模糊n. 污迹;模糊不清的事物frontier [‘frʌntɪə] n. 前沿;边界;国境adj. 边界的;开拓的formulation [fɔrmjə‘leʃən] n. 构想,规划;公式化;简洁陈述high-profile adj. 高调的;备受瞩目的;知名度高的aarbitrary [ˌɑ:bitrəri] adj. [数] 任意的;武断的;专制的re-deploy 重新部署调配segment vi. 分割n. 段;部分vt. 分割disentangle [dɪsɪn'tæŋg(ə)l] vi. 解决;松开;解开纠结;解决(纠纷)vt. 解开;松开;使解脱conceivable [kən'siːvəb(ə)l] adj. 可能的;想得到的,可想像的domain [də(ʊ)'meɪn] n. 领域;域名;产业;地产formula ['fɔːmjʊlə] n. [数] 公式,准则;配方;婴儿食品discard [dɪ'skɑːd] vt. 抛弃;放弃;丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃;被丢弃的东西或人stringency ['strɪŋdʒəns] n. 严格;说服力;(货币)[金融] 银根紧;迫切elaboration [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] n. 苦心经营,精巧;详细阐述empirical [em'pɪrɪk(ə)l] adj. 经验主义的,完全根据经验的deductive [dɪ‘dʌktɪv] adj. 演绎的;推论的;推断的antecedent [æntɪ'siːd(ə)nt] n. 前情;先行词;祖先adj. 先行的;前驱的;先前的terminate vt. 使终止;使结束;解雇mind-set ['maindset] n. 心态;思想的形式axiomatically [æksɪə‘mætɪkli] adv. 自明地;照公理emulate ['emjʊleɪt] vt. 仿真;模仿;尽力赶上;同…竞争n. 仿真;仿效derogatory [dɪ'rɒgət(ə)rɪ] adj. 贬损的ideological [aɪdɪəʊ'lɒdʒɪkəl] adj. 思想的;意识形态的flaw [flɔː] n. 瑕疵,裂纹;缺点;一阵狂风vt. 使无效;使破裂,使有缺陷vi. 生裂缝,变的有缺陷ill-conceived [‘ilkən’si:vd] adj. 构想拙劣的;计划不周的paradoxical [pærə'dɒksɪk(ə)l] adj. 矛盾的;诡论的;似非而是的monetary ['mʌnɪt(ə)rɪ] adj. 货币的;财政的doom [duːm] n. 厄运;死亡;判决;世界末日vt. 注定;判决;使失败decentralize [di‘sɛntrə’laɪz] vt. 使分散;使分权;疏散vi. 分散集权;疏散n. 分散hard-nosed adj. 顽固的;精明的;讲究实际的;嗅觉不好的n. 重视实际的人disincentive [dɪsɪn‘sentɪv] n. 抑制因素adj. 抑制的derogation [derə‘geɪʃ(ə)n] n. 毁损,减损;堕落reinstate [riːɪn'steɪt] vt. 使恢复;使复原entrepreneurial [ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] adj. 企业家的,创业者的;中间商的nostrum [nɒstrəm] n. 秘方;成药;万能药inculcate ['ɪnkʌlkeɪt] vt. 教育;谆谆教诲;教授;反覆灌输endemic [en‘demɪk] adj. 地方性的;风土的n. 地方病transparency [træn'spær(ə)nsɪ] n. 透明,透明度;幻灯片;perceive [pə‘siːv] vt. 察觉,感觉;理解;认知vi. 感到,感知;认识到usurpation [juːzɜː'peɪʃən] n. 篡夺;夺取entail [ɪn'teɪl] vt. 使需要,必需;承担;遗传给;蕴含n. 引起;需要;继承第四章第五章P94第一段Scope[skop]范围target [ˌtɑrɡɪt]目标Sector [ˌsɛktɚ, -ˌtɔr]扇形;局;部门heyday极盛Controversy[ˌkɑntrəˌvɚsi]争议第二段Unresolvable无法解析的Ideology[ˌaɪdiˌɑlədʒi, ˌɪdi-]思想Desirable[dɪˌzaɪrəbəl]合意的Overwhelm[ˌovɚˌhwɛlm, -ˌwɛlm]压倒性的Dispose [dɪˌspoz]部署P95第一段Extent [ɪkˌstɛnt]程度Inherently[ɪnˌherəntli]本质上Inferior[ɪnˌfɪriɚ]下等的Privatize[ˌpraɪvəˌtaɪz]私有化第二段Lease [lis]租赁Inadequate[ɪnˌædɪkwɪt]不足Closure关闭的Monopoly[məˌnɑpəli]垄断第三段Wartime[ˌwɔrˌtaɪm]战时Collaboration [kəˌlæbəˌreɪʃn]合作Recognizable [ˌrekəɡnaɪzəbl]识别P96第一段Facilitate [fəˌsɪlɪˌtet]促进Centralize [ˌsɛntrəˌlaɪz]集中Capitalist [ˌkæpɪtlɪst]资本主义的Socialist [ˌsoʃəlɪst]社会主义的Externality [ˌɛkstɚˌnælɪti]外部性第二段Spillover [ˌspɪlˌovɚ]外溢Retain [rɪˌten]保留Extensive [ɪkˌstɛnsɪv]广泛Staff [stæf]员工Utility[juˌtɪləti]效用Sparsely [ˌspɑrslɪ]人烟稀少P100第2段deregulation [ˌdiːˌreɡju’leɪʃn] n.解除管制规定;违反规定,反常;P101第2段stimulate[ˌstimjuleit]vt.刺激;激励,鼓舞;使兴奋vi.起兴奋作用;起促进作用;起刺激作用incentive[inˌsentiv] n.动机;刺激;诱因;鼓励adj.刺激性的;鼓励性质的deteriorate [diˌtiəriəreit]vt.使恶化vi.恶化,变坏monitoring mechanisms监督机制第3段license [ˌlaisəns] n.许可证,执照;特许vt.同意;发许可证restriction [rɪˌstrɪkʃən] n.限制,限定;拘束,束缚;管制interventionist [ˌɪntəˌvenʃənist] adj.干涉主义的;进行干涉的n.干涉主义者;主张干预的人P102第2段exploitation[ˌeksplɔɪˌteɪʃən] n.开发;利用;剥削;广告推销constrain [kənˌstrein] vt.强迫;强使;限制;约束predatory [ˌpredəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:] adj.掠夺成性的;食肉的;捕食生物的duplicate [ˌdju:plikit]adj.复制的,副本的;成对的,二倍的;(与另一个)完全相同的;复式的n.复制品;复印件;vt.复制,复写;使成双,使加倍;重演,重复第3段Sunk cost 投资损失成本P103第1段renewal [rɪˌnu:əl, -ˌnju:-] n.重建,重生;更新,革新;重申;合同的续订by-product 附带产品allocative 配置的,煽动性的perpetual [pəˌpetʃuəl] P104第1段adj. 永久的;不断的;无期限的;四季开花的Cross-subsidies 交叉补贴P105第3段第105页第三段efficiency [ɪ'fɪʃənsi]n. 效率;效能;功效inherently [ɪn'hɪrəntli] adv. 内在地;固有地;天性地theoretical [,θiə'rɛtɪkəl] adj. 理论的;理论上的;假设的;推理的enterprise ['ɛntɚ'praɪz] n. 企业;事业;进取心;事业心sector ['sektə] n. 部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺vt. 把…分成扇形structure ['strʌktʃɚ] n. 结构;构造;建筑物vt. 组织;构成;建造incentive [ɪn'sɛntɪv] n. 动机;刺激adj. 激励的;刺激的straightforward [,stret'fɔrwɚd] adj. 简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的adv. 直截了当地;坦率地conducive [kən'dusɪv] adj. 有益的;有助于…的assume [ə'sum] vt. 承担;假定;采取;呈现vi. 装腔作势;多管闲事accountability [ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti] n. 有义务;有责任;可说明性第105页第四段systematic ['sɪstə'mætɪk] adj. 系统的;体系的;有系统的;[图情] 分类的extremely [ɪk'strimli] adv. 非常,极其;极端地generalization [,dʒɛnrələ'zeʃən] n. 概括;普遍化;一般化drawn [drɔn] adj. 拔出的v. 画,绘图(draw的过去分词)empirical [ɪm'pɪrɪkl] adj. 经验主义的,完全根据经验的impressionistic [,ɪmprɛʃə'nɪstɪk] adj. 印象派的;印象主义的;给人深刻印象的contractor[kən'træktɚ] n. 承包人;立契约者contracting out合同外包construction[kən'strʌkʃən] n. 建设;建筑物;解释;造句asset['æsɛt] n. 资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件ease[iz] vt. 减轻,缓和;使安心n. 轻松,舒适;安逸,悠闲vi. 减轻,缓和;放松;灵活地移动substantiate[səb'stænʃɪet] vt. 证实;使实体化第105页第五段clear-cut['kliə'kʌt] adj. 清晰的;轮廓鲜明的第106页第一段proponent[prə'ponənt] n. 支持者;建议者;提出认证遗嘱者accountable[ə'kaʊntəbl] adj. 有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的shareholder['ʃɛrholdɚ] n. 股东;股票持有人sanction['sæŋkʃən] n. 制裁,处罚;认可;支持vt. 制裁,处罚;批准;鼓励takeover['tekovɚ] n. 接管;验收averse[ə'vɝs] adj. 反对的;不愿意的contempt[kən'tɛmpt] n. 轻视,蔑视;耻辱measurable['mɛʒərəbl] adj. 可测量的;重要的;重大的regulatory['rɛɡjələtɔri] adj. 管理的;控制的;调整的firm[fɝm] adj. 坚定的;牢固的;严格的;结实的vt. 使坚定;使牢固vi. 变坚实;变稳固adv. 稳固地n. 公司;商号regime[re'ʒim] n. 政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制imposed[,sɛlfɪm'pozd] adj. 强加的;施加的;应用的v. 欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于sustain[sə'sten] vt. 维持;支撑,承担;忍受;供养;证实overwhelm[,ovɚ'wɛlm] vt. 压倒;淹没;受打击第106页第二段abysmal[ə'bɪzməl] adj. 深不可测的;糟透的;极度的haste[hest] n. 匆忙;急忙;轻率vi. 匆忙;赶紧vt. 赶快第106页第三段ideological[,aɪdɪə'lɑdʒɪkl] adj. 思想的;意识形态的fervour['fɝvɚ] n. 热情fundamental[,fʌndə'mɛntl] adj. 基本的,根本的n. 基本原理;基本原则irreversible[,ɪrɪ'vɝsəbl] adj. 不可逆的;不能取消的;不能翻转的redistribution[,ri,dɪstrɪ'bjʊʃən] n. [经] 重新分配intention[ɪn'tɛnʃən] n. 意图;目的;意向;愈合respective[rɪ'spɛktɪv] adj. 分别的,各自的merit['mɛrɪt] n. 优点,价值;功绩;功过vt. 值得vi. 应受报答affirm[ə'fɝm] vt. 肯定;断言vi. 确认;断言opponent[ə'ponənt] n. 对手;反对者;敌手adj. 对立的;敌对的fervently['fə:vəntli] adv. 热心地;热诚地第106页第四段pro—market亲市场第107页第一段faded['feɪdɪd] adj. 已褪色的;已凋谢的nationalization[,næʃənəlɪ'zeʃən] n. 国有化;同化,归化pragmatically[præg'mætikəli] adv. 讲究实效地;实用主义地device[dɪ'vaɪs] n. 装置;策略;图案第107页第二段sway[swe] vt. 影响;统治;使摇动vi. 影响;摇摆n. 影响;摇摆;统治fervent['fɝvənt] adj. 热心的;强烈的;炽热的;热烈的cogent['kodʒənt] adj. 强有力的;使人信服的revenue['rɛvənu] n. 税收,国家的收入;收益第107页第三段notably['notəbli] adv. 显著地;尤其utility[ju'tɪləti] n. 实用;效用;公共设施;功用adj. 实用的;通用的;有多种用途的deregulation[dɪ'rɛgjʊ,leʃən] n. 违反规定,反常;撤消管制规定第107页第四段incontrovertible[,ɪnkɑntrə'vɝtəbl]adj. 无可争议的;无疑的;明白的unconvincing[ʌnkən'vɪnsɪŋ] adj. 不足以令人相信的retain[rɪ'ten]vt. 保持;雇;记住socialism['soʃəlɪzəm] n. 社会主义core[kɔr] n. 核心;要点;果心;[计] 磁心vt. 挖...的核5.5 控制与责任1. accountability 美[ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti] n. 有义务;有责任;可说明性(107页第五节标题)2. privatization[,praɪvətɪ'zeʃən] n.私有化(108页第二行)3. operate commercially[kə'mɝʃəli] 商业运作(108页第十三行)4.maximize profit 利益最大化5. mutually 美['mjutʃuəli] adv.互相的(109页第一行)6.bureaucracy . 美[bjʊ'rɑkrəsi] n. 官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治(109页第一段第十行)7.adequate 英['ædɪkwət] adj. 充足的;适当的;胜任的(109页第二段第二行)8.managerial freedom 管理自主性(109页小标题)9.irrespective 美[,ɪrɪ'spɛktɪv] adj. 无关的;不考虑的;不顾的(110页第五行)第六章predominant[英][priˌdɔminənt] [美][prɪˌdɑmənənt] adj. 有影响的;占优势的,卓越的;主要的,占主导地位的;特优种;implicit[英][imˌplisit] [美][ɪmˌplɪsɪt] adj. 不言明[含蓄]的;无疑问的,绝对的;成为一部份的;内含的;impetus[英][ˌimpitəs] [美][ˌɪmpɪtəs] n. 促进;动力;势头;声势;precise[英][priˌsais] [美][prɪˌsaɪs] adj. 正规的;清晰的;精确的;精密;marshal[英][ˌmɑ:ʃəl] [美][ˌmɑrʃəl] n. 消防局长;执法官;元帅;典礼官;vt. 整理,排列,集结;vi. 排列;编队;elusive[英][ɪˌlu:sɪv] [美][ɪˌlusɪv] adj. 不易记住的;难以找到的;难以捉摸的;逃避的;delineatingv. 勾画,描述( delineate的现在分词);twilight[英][ˌtwailait] [美][ˌtwaɪˌlaɪt] n. <电影>暮光之城;黎明,黄昏,暮光;衰退期,没落时期;暮年,晚期,晚年pin down[英][pin daun] [美][pɪn daʊn] 采取行动;迫使作出决定;把…固定住;使动弹不得;scenarios[英] [siˌnɑːriəu][美] [sɪˌnɛrɪˌo]n.[意]情节;剧本;事态;amenable:[əˌmi:nəbəl, əˌmenə-]adj. (对法律等)负责的;易控制的;经得起检验(或考查)的;可用某种方式处理的quantitative:[ˌkwɔntitətiv]adj. 定量的;数量(上)的decry:[dɪˌkraɪ]vt. 公开反对,谴责delineate:[dɪˌlɪni:ˌeɪt]vt. 勾画,描述whence:[hwens, wens]adv. 从何处,从那里;(到)…的地方;出于什么原因;n. 来源,来处,根源; pron. 哪里,何处;conj. 从那个地方;由此,据此antecedents:[ˌæntɪˌsi:dnts]n. 经历;<数>(比例)前项;<逻>前件;祖先disciplinary:] [ˌdɪsəpləˌneri:]adj. 纪律的;训练的;惩罚的esoteric: [ˌesəˌterɪk]adj. 秘传的;机密的;难解的,深奥的,限于少数人的technocrats:[ˌteknəˌkræts]n. 技术专家,专家政治论者repertoires:[ˌrepətwɑ:z]n. 全部节目;repertoires:[ˌrepətwɑ:z]n. 全部节目;cornerstones: [ˌkɔ:nəˌstəʊn]n. 奠基石;基础;最重要部份;柱石microeconomic:['ma ɪkrəʊˌɪkə'nɒmɪk]n. 个体经济,微观经济inductive:[inˌdʌktiv]adj. 诱导的;感应的;归纳法的;归纳的deductive:[diˌdʌktivadj. 推论的,演绎的normative:[ˌnɔ:mətɪv]adj. 标准的,规范的priesthood:[ˌpri:stˌhʊd]n. 祭司职;神职criteria:[kraɪˌtɪərɪən. (批评、判断等的)标准,准则( criterion的名词复数);superimposed:[ˌsju:pərimˌpəuzd]adj. 成阶层的,有层理的v. 使重叠,使叠加multidisciplindry: [ˌmʌltiˌdisiplinəriadj. 包括各种学科的,有关各种学问的;多学科;多部门;多科目atypical[英] [eiˌtipikəl][美] [eˌtɪpɪkəl,非典型的cogent[英] [ˌkəʊdʒənt][美] [ˌkodʒəntadj.(理由、论据)有说服力的,令人信服的indeterminacy[英] [indiˌtə:minəsi][美] [ˌɪndɪˌtɚmənəsi]n.不确定第七章Strategic [strə'tidʒɪk] 战略上的,战略的Criticize ['krɪtə'saɪz] 批评;评论;非难Inward ['ɪnwɚd] 向内的;内部的;精神的;本质上的;熟悉的;内脏;密友Shortcoming ['ʃɔrtkʌmɪŋ] . 缺点;短处Alter ['ɔːltə] . 改变,更改Specify ['spɛsɪfaɪ] 指定;详细说明;列举;把…列入说明书Dictionary ['dɪkʃə'nɛri] 字典;词典Preoccupy [pri'ɑkjə'pai] 迷住;使全神贯注Aggregate ['æɡrɪɡət] 集合;聚集;合计Proactive [pro'æktɪv] 前摄的(前一活动中的因素对后一活动造成影响的);有前瞻性的,先行一步的Untenable [ʌn'tɛnəbl] (论据等)站不住脚的;不能维持的;不能租赁的;难以防守的Priority [praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ] .优先;优先权;[数] 优先次序;优先考虑的事Coherent [ko'hɪrənt] 连贯的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相偶合的;粘在一起的Ploy [plノェ] 策略;活动;工作,使部队由横队变为纵队Analysis [ə'næləsɪs] 分析;分解;验定Military ['mɪlətɛri] 军事的;军人的;适于战争的,. 军队;军人Tactics ['tæktɪks] 策略;战术;用兵学Analogy [ə'nælədʒi] 类比;类推;类似Utilise ['ju:tilaiz] . 使用(等于utilize);利用Usage ['jusɪdʒ] 使用;用法;惯例Reassess ['riə'sɛs] 再评价;再课税;再摊派Intrinsic [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] 本质的,固有的Rivalry ['raɪvlri] 竞争;对抗;竞赛Scan [skæn] 扫描;浏览;细看;详细调查;标出格律;审视;细看Detail ['ditel] 细节,详情;选派; 画详图Constraint [kən'strent] [数] 约束;局促,态度不自然;强制Dispassionate [dɪs'pæʃənət] 不带感情的;平心静气的;公平的Substitution [sʌbstə'tjʊʃən] 代替;[数] 置换;代替物Appraisal [ə'prezl] 评价;估价(尤指估价财产,以便征税);估计Diagnose [daɪəɡ'nos] 诊断;断定;判断Deficiencies [dɪ'fɪʃənsi] 缺乏,不足;缺陷(deficiency的复数形式)Yardstick ['jɑrd'stɪk] 码尺Allocate ['æləket] 分配;拨出;使坐落于;指定Encounter [ɪn'kaʊntɚ] 遭遇,邂逅;遇到Paralysis [pə'ræləsɪs] 麻痹;无力;停顿Ultimate ['ʌltəmət] 最终的;极限的;根本的;根本;基本原则Hierarchical [haɪə'rɑrkɪkl] 分层的;等级体系的Inherently [ɪn'hɪrəntli] 内在地;固有地;天性地Anchor ['æŋkɚ] 锚;抛锚停泊;靠山;新闻节目主播;主持节目;最后一棒的Congruent 适合的,一致的;全等的;合谐的Articulate [ɑr'tɪkjulet] 清晰地发(音);明确有力地表达;用关节连接;使相互连贯Contagious [kən'tedʒəs] 感染性的;会蔓延的Implementation [ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 实现;履行;安装启用Conceivably [kən'sivəbli] 令人信服地;可相信地;想得到地Quintessence [kwɪn'tɛsns] 精华;典范;第五元素(被视为地、水、火、风以外之构成宇宙的元素)Legislative ['lɛdʒɪsletɪv] 立法的;有立法权的;立法机构Jurisdictional 管辖权的;司法的;司法权的;裁判权的Client ['klaɪənt] . [经] 客户;顾客;委托人Valid ['vælɪd] 韦尔德Sin [sɪn] 罪恶;罪孽;过失;犯过失Constitutional [kɑnstə'tuʃənl] 宪法的;本质的;体质上的;保健的;保健运动Bureaucratic [bjʊrə'krætɪk] 官僚的;官僚政治的Subvert 颠覆;推翻;破坏Pioneer [paɪə'nɪr] 先锋;拓荒者;倡导;提倡Formulate ['fɔrmjə'let] 规划;用公式表示;明确地表达Framework ['fremwノ] 框架,骨架;结构,构架Profile ['profaɪl] 侧面;轮廓;外形;剖面Catalogue 目录;(美)大学情况一览;把…编入目录Evaluate [ɪ'væljʊ'et] 评价;估价;求…的值;估价Timetable ['taɪm'tebl] 时间表;时刻表;课程表Quibble ['kwɪbl] 谬论;双关语;遁辞;挑剔;说模棱两可的话;对…诡辩Sequence ['sikwəns] [数][计] 序列;顺序;续发事件,按顺序排好Clarify ['klærəfaɪ] 得到澄清;变得明晰;得到净化Mandate ['mændet] 授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作Diversify [daɪ'vɝsɪfaɪ] 使多样化,使变化;增加产品种类以扩大Notoriously [nəu'tɔ:riəsli] 众所周知地;声名狼藉地;恶名昭彰地Inherent [ɪn'hɪrənt] 固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的Empirical [ɪm'pɪrɪkl] 经验主义的,完全根据经验的Dimension [daɪ'mɛnʃən] [数] 维;尺寸;次元;容积,标出尺寸,规格的Insular ['ɪnsəlɚ] 孤立的;与世隔绝的;海岛的;岛民的Preoccupy [pri'ɑkjə'pai] 迷住;使全神贯注Linkage ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] 连接;结合;联接;联动装置Reactive [rɪ'æktɪv] 反应的;电抗的;反动的Atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr] 气氛;大气;空气Assessment [ə'sɛsmənt] 评定;估价Morale [mə'ræl] 士气,斗志Impinge [ɪm'pɪndʒ] 撞击;侵犯Jurisdiction 司法权,审判权,管辖权;权限,权力Forth [fɔrθ] 向前,向外;自…以后Accountability [ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti] 有义务;有责任;可说明性Deadline ['dɛdlaɪn] 截止期限,最后期限Vague [veɡ] 模糊的;含糊的;不明确的;暧昧的Parallel ['pærəlɛl] 平行线;对比;使…与…平行;平行的;类似的,相同的Foster []'fɔstɚ培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);收养的,养育的Adjunct ['ædʒʌŋ(k)t] 附属物;助手;修饰语Diminish [dɪ'mɪnɪʃ] 使减少;使变小;减少,缩小;变小Precisely [prɪ'saɪsli] 精确地;恰恰Sole [sol] 鞋底;脚底;基础;鳎目鱼;唯一的;单独的;仅有的;触底;上鞋底Paralysis [pə'ræləsɪs] 麻痹;无力;停顿Derive [dɪ'raɪv] 源于;得自Entail [ɪn'tel] 限定继承,限定继承权;限定继承的财产Exploit [ɪk'splɒɪt; ek] 开发,开拓;剥削;开采;勋绩;功绩Coherent [ko'hɪrənt] 连贯的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相偶合的;粘在一起的Cognisant ['kɔgnizənt] 认知的(等于cognizant)Orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方Depict [dɪ'pɪkt] 描述;描画Normative ['nɔrmətɪv] 规范的,标准的Stakeholder [ˈsteɪkhoʊldər] 利益相关者;赌金保管者Implement ['ɪmplɪmɛnt] 实施,执行;实现,使生效;工具,器具;手段Reconstruct [rikən'strʌkt] 重建;改造;修复;重现Presume [prɪ'zum] 假定;推测;擅自;意味着;相信;擅自行为Thorough ['θʌrəʊ] 彻底的;十分的;周密的Inevitably [ɪn'ɛvɪtəbli] 不可避免地;必然地Scrutiny ['skrutəni] 详细审查;监视;细看;选票复查Ubiquitous [ju'bɪkwɪtəs] 普遍存在的;无所不在的Application [ˈæpləˈkeʃən] 应用;申请;应用程序;敷用Narrower 较狭窄的部分Hinder ['hɪndɚ] 成为阻碍;阻碍;打扰;后面的Branch [bræntʃ] 树枝,分枝;分部;支流Executive [ɪɡ'zɛkjətɪv] 经理;执行委员会;执行者;经理主管人员;行政的;经营的;执行的,经营管理的Static ['stætɪk] 静态的;静电的;静力的;静电;静电干扰Incorporate 包含,吸收;体现;把……合并;合并的;一体化的;组成公司的Rigid ['rɪdʒɪd] 严格的;僵硬的,死板的;坚硬的;精确的Reservation [rɛzɚ'veʃən] 预约,预订;保留Anew [ə'nʊ] 重新;再Substance ['sʌbstəns] 物质;实质;资产;主旨Instance ['ɪnstəns] 实例;情况;建议;举...为例Interval ['ɪntɚvl] 间隔;间距;幕间休息Cyclical ['saɪklɪkl] 周期的,循环的Ongoing ['ɑnɡoɪŋ] 不间断的,进行的;前进的;前进;行为,举止Imperative [ɪm'pɛrətɪv] 必要的,势在必行的;命令的;紧急的;需要;命令;祈使语气;规则Prevail [pri'vel] 盛行,流行;战胜,获胜Ornamental [ɔrnə'mɛntl] 装饰的,装饰性的;观赏植物;装饰品Usurp [ju:'zə:p] 篡夺;夺取;侵占;篡夺;篡权Imprecision ['ɪmprɪ'sɪʒən] 不精确;不严密Controversial [kɑntrə'vɝʃl] 有争议的;有争论的Doctrine ['dɑktrɪn] 主义;学说;教义;信条Ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs] 模糊不清的;引起歧义的Clarification [klærəfə'keʃən] 澄清,说明;净化Articulate [ɑr'tɪkjulet] 清晰地发(音);明确有力地表达;用关节连接;使相互连贯;口才好的;有关节的Doom 厄运;死亡;判决;世界末日;注定;判决;使失败Worthwhile ['wɝθ'waɪl] 值得做的,值得花时间的Scrap [skræp] 碎片;残余物;打架;少量;废弃;使解体;拆毁; 吵架Ultimate ['ʌltəmət] 最终的;极限的;根本的Amalgamation [ə,mælgə'meʃən] 融合,混合;合并,联合;[冶] 混汞法,汞齐化法Phrase [frez] 成语;习语;措词;用短语表达;用语言表达;用话表示Panacea [pænə'siə] 帕那刻亚(古希腊医药女神)第八章1、personnel [ˈpə:səˈnel] n.全体员工;人员、员工;人事部门2、external [eksˈtə:nl] adj. 外面的,外部的;表面上的;外用的;外国的n. 外部,外面;外观;外部情况3、strategic [strəˈti:dʒik] adj. 战略(上)的;战略性的;有战略意义的;至关重要的4、bureaucratically [,bjuərə'krætikli] adv.官僚主义地5、continuity [ˈkɔntiˈnjuiti] n. 连续性,继续;分镜头电影剧本;串联,衔接;[影视]剪辑6、controversy [ˈkɔntrəvə:si] n. 公开辩论;论战7、strategy [ˈstrætidʒi] n. 策略,战略;战略学8、elaborate [iˈlæbəreit] vi. 详尽说明;变得复杂vt. 详细制定;详尽阐述;[生理学]加工;尽心竭力地做9、managerial [ˈmænɪˈdʒɪəri:əl] adj. 经理的;管理上的10、attempt [əˈtempt] vt. 试图;尝试;试图夺取或攻克(堡垒、要塞等);试图征服(高山)n. 进攻;(尤指)企图杀害11、overdue [ˈəuvəˈdju:] adj. 过期的;延误的,迟到的;未兑的;早应完成的12、administration [ ədˈminisˈtreiʃən] n. 管理;实行;(政府)行政机关;(法律、处罚等的)施行13、monitoring [ˈmɔnitəriŋ] n. 监视;控制;监测;追踪以上为第一页的单词14、criticize [ˈkritisaiz]vt.& vi. 分析,评估;批评;挑剔15、incidental [ˈɪnsɪˈdentl] adj. 附属的;易发生的,偶然发生的;伴随发生的n. 附带事件;伴随事件,杂费;非主要的附带项或费用16、crucial [ˈkru:ʃəl] adj. 关键性的,极其显要的;决定性的;十字形的17、individual [ˈɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj. 个人的;独特的;个别的n. 个人;个体18、hierarchical [ˈha iəˈrɑ:kikəl] adj. 按等级划分的,等级(制度)的;分层的19、precept [ˈpri:ˈsept] n. 规诫,戒律,箴言20、the Commomwealth Government 联邦政府21、the Coombs Commission库姆斯委员会22、recruitment [rɪˈkru:tmənt] n. 征募新兵;补充;募集23、merit[ˈmerit]n. 价值,优点;[宗教](行善得到的)功德;功绩,功勋;荣誉vt. 值得,应获得;[宗教](因行善而)应得(善报)vi. 值得,应得;[宗教]积德24、unified service 统一的服务机构25、mitigate [ˈmɪtˈɪgeɪt] vt. 使缓和,使减轻;使平息vi. 减轻,缓和下来26、fragmentary [ˈfrægmənˈteri:] adj. 碎片的;片断的;不完整的;支离破碎的27、legislate [ˈledʒɪˈsleɪt] vt.& vi. 立法,制定法律;〈美〉以立法程序创立28、arbitrary dismissal任意解雇29、characterize [ˈkæriktəraiz] vt. 描述(人或物)的特性;具有…的特征vi. 塑造人物30、hierarchy [ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n. [计]分层,层次;等级制度;统治集团;天使的级别或等级31、distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv] adj. 有特色的,与众不同的;区别的,鉴别性的;独特;特异以上为第2页的单词32、aspiring [əsˈpaiəriŋ]adj. 有志气的;有抱负的;高耸的v. 渴望;追求33、non-partisan adj. 超党的,无党派的34、efficiency [iˈfiʃənsi] n. 效率,效能;实力,能力;[物]性能;功效35、ceiling [ˈsi:liŋ] n. 天花板;最高限度;云幕高度;隔板,舱室垫板36、recruit [riˈkru:t] n. 新兵;(机构中的)新成员;新学生vt. 招聘,征募;吸收某人为新成员;动员…(提供帮助);雇用vi. 征募新兵;得到补充,得到补偿;恢复健康37、restricted [rɪˈstrɪktɪd] adj. 有受限制的;(土地)对公众不完全开放的;保密的38、distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv] adj. 有特色的,与众不同的;区别的,鉴别性的;独特;特异39、pension system养老金制度40、permanency [ˈpə:mənənsi] n. 恒久的人[物、地位],永存41、neutral [ˈnju:trəl] adj. 中立的;(化学中)中性的;暗淡的;不带电的n. (汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置;中立人士;中立国;素净色42、anonymous [əˈnɔnəməs] adj. 无名的;假名的;匿名的;没有特色的43、stability [stəˈbiliti] n. 稳定(性),稳固;坚定,恒心44、anonymity [ˈænəˈnɪmɪti:] n. 匿名;作者不详;匿名者;无名者45、seniority [si:nˈjɔ:rɪti:, -ˈjɔr-] n. 年长;职位高;年资;资历46、loyalty [ˈlɔiəlti] n. 忠诚,忠实;忠心;忠于…感情47、self-absorbed [ˈselfəbˈsɔ:bd] adj. 热衷于自己的想法的;自恋的n. 自恋狂48、claustrophobic [ˈklɔ:strəˈfəubik] adj. (患)幽闭恐怖症的,导致幽闭恐怖症的;令人不适地被关闭或被包围的n. 幽闭恐怖症患者49、occupation [ˈɔkjuˈpeiʃən] n. 职业,工作;占有,占领;(土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用50、persistent [pəˈsistənt] adj. 持续的;坚持不懈的;持久的;坚持不渝51、unambitious [ˈʌnæmˈbɪʃəs] adj. 无奢望的52、unsatisfactory [ʌnˈsætɪsˈfæktəri:] adj. 不能令人满意的;不符合要求的;不满足的。

MPA考试专业单词.doc

MPA考试专业单词.doc

专业名词公共管理硕士master of public administration公共组织public organization公共部门public sector政府改革government reform治理governance善治good governance管理者Manager行政者administrator公共行政Public administration公共管理public management公共政策public policy公共事务public affair公共物品public goods私人物品private goods非政府组织 /非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-ProfitOrga nization组织organization第三部门the third sector经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations绩效管理performanee management战略管理strategic management问责制government accountability政府工具governmental tool全面质量管理TQM total quality management 目标管理MBO management by objectives标杆管理benchmarking management政府作用government role公共政策public policy人力资源管理HRM human resource management 公共经济管理public economy management 公共管理伦理public administration ethics 政府工具go ver nmen tai tool政府失败government failures新公共管理new public management绩效非F估performance evaluation流程再造process re-engineering专业短语•面临挑战face the challenge;•抓住机遇seize the opportunity;•迎接挑战meet the challenge;•建立健全establish and improve;•采取有效措施take effective measures;•源于derive from;•深化改革deepen the reform;•维护社会稳定maintain social stability;■加大力度strengthen the efforts to;•转变职能adjust the government functions;•合同夕卜包con tract services;连接短语在…条件卜on condition that;20 世纪70 年代末 /初the late/early 1970s(念the seventieth of the 20th century);加大力度strengthen the effort to;力口快改革accelerate the reform;在20 世纪in the 20th century;与... 扌日比compared with;主要体现在mainly embodies at;由于as a result of/due to/because of;主要类型女口下the principal types are as follows;解决... 矛盾resolve the contradiction of;根据... 标准according to the standard of;把... 分类为classify…as •••;・方阿另…方血on one hand,on the other hand。

mpa专业英语单词

mpa专业英语单词

专业单词:客体object ;主体subject;我国our country;农村rural area;城市urban;特点feature;干预intervention;模式mode;市场经济market economy;计划经济planned economy;转型期transition period;途径approach;规则regulation;范围scope/area;内容content;力度;通货膨胀inflation;财政赤字financial deficit;传统traditional;现代modern;强调emphasize;权力authority;社会和谐harmonious society;科学发展观scientific outlook on development;西方国家the western country;协调harmonize;结构structure;优点弱点机会挑战SWOT strength weakness opportunity threaten;阶段period;经济人economic man;官僚制bureaucracy;因素;参与participant;期望anticipate;中国共产党CCP China communist party;自主权autonomy;逐渐gradually;社区community;优点/缺点merit/demerit;创造create;调查investigate;背景background;西方国家western country;引入竞争机制introduce competition into;市场化marketization;社会化socialization;市场机制market mechanism;增长率growth rate;合法、法治、负责、透明、有效legally、rule of law、accountability、transparency、effectiveness;放权/授权代理devolution;定义definition;分权decentralization;质疑suspicion;地方自治local autonomy;自上而下/自下而上topdown/bottom up;经济危机economic crisis;多样的multiple;宏观调控macroeconomic control;微观经济microeconomic;资源有效配置efficient allocation of resources;努力effort;通过via/through;分配assign;政企分开separate government function from enterprise management;制度system;根本目的the fundamental goal;基本原则the fundamental principle;必要条件necessary conditions;必要手段necessary means;要素element;提高uplift;信誉reputation;局限性limitation;规划plan;开发develop;预测;预测forecast;完善perfect;needful需要的;监督supervise/supervision;农民peasant;网友net friend;同事colleague;极美的gorgeous;推进promotion专业词组:面临挑战face the challenge;抓住机遇seize the opportunity;迎接挑战meet the challenge;建立健全establish and improve;加入WTO accession to WTO;;采取有效措施take effective measures;源于derive from;深化改革deepen the reform;维护社会稳定maintain social stability;加大力度strengthen the efforts to;转变职能adjust the government functions;合同外包contract services;连接词组:随着…along with;把…看作regard as;在过去in the past;当前currently;在…条件下on condition that;20世纪70年代末/初the late/early 1970s(念the seventieth of the 20th century);加大力度strengthen the effort to;加快改革accelerate the reform;在20世纪in the 20th century;与……相比compared with;主要体现在mainly embodies at;由于as a result of/due to/because of;主要类型如下the principal types are as follows;解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of;优点/缺点是theadvantage/disadvantage;根据……标准according to the standard of;因此therefore/thus;把……分类为classify …as…;一方面,另一方面on one hand,on the other hand;专业名词:公共管理硕士master of public administration;公共组织public organization;公共部门public sector;政府改革government reform;治理governance;善治good governance;管理者Manager;行政者administrator;公共行政Public administration;公共管理public management;公共政策public policy;public affair公共事务;公共物品public goods;私人物品private goods;非政府组织/非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization;组织organization;第三部门the third sector;经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development;政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations;绩效管理performance management;战略管理strategic management;问责制government accountability;政府工具governmental tool;全面质量管理TQM total quality management;目标管理MBO management by objectives;标杆管理benchmarking management;政府作用government role;公共政策public policy;人力资源管理HRM human resource management;公共经济管理public economy management;公共管理伦理public administration ethics;政府工具governmental tool;政府失败government failures;新公共管理new public management;绩效评估performance evaluation;流程再造process re-engineering;。

公共管理英语词汇

公共管理英语词汇

公共管理英语词汇篇一:公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope,spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford,anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate,circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom,desperate,encourage,discourage,economic,economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal,normal,radiate,authority,xxpanion,concept, create, creature, dentist, identify,identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate,fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general,intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor,observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept,stuff,surroundings,transport,transmit,transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread,ambition, approach, brief,conquer, result, consult,insult, deliberate, despair, xxpare, emergence,emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade,frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference,infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood,necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output,oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical,recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain,obtain,entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial,trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance,advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application,point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim,climate, xxplicate, xxprise, considerable, resume,consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial,define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder,diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith,faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track,visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil,clarity, declare, xxbine, connect, consider,insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press,impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable,inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar,particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire,request, result , consult, insult, spray,announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary,frontier, nullity, debate, decrease, increase,reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm,forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide,individual, fence, defense, offend, portion,proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal,royal,spot,terminal,alter,alternate,alternative,concrete,consequent,explode,explore, exploit, hesitate,imagine,influence,innocent,guilty,persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden,elect, select, collect, collective, contribute,distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid,escape, capture, xxpete, effort, enthusiasm,involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue,modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish,punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim,in spite of,temporary,vehicle,ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible,invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil,stimulate, suffer, tense, acxxpany, analyze,conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive,dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack,match,ideal,reality,ignore,ignorant,independent,inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive,numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide,trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract,candidate,xxmercial,xxmunicate,contain,coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose,focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere,nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble,assemble, shape, sophisticate, stain,strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous,benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute,estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject,reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive,revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern,continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature,mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect,purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore,resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve,certify, certificate, frost, fund, genuine, intend,material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow,contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate,anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel,circulate, xxmunity, xxpany, consent, cooperate,cultivate, depart, devote,dismiss,distant,enhance,eventually,fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive,postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense,treat,treaty,capacity,civilian,xxpel,contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise,device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish,plain, xxplain, explain, financial, hurt, injure,harm, destroy, ruin, xxprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor,task, overlook, overxxe, resist, insist, state,supreme,superior,volume,absorb,account,achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply,applicable, applicant, application, broad, board,cancel, casual, cancer, classify, xxfort, submit,permit, emit, xxplex, conduct, constant, core,demand, xxmand, xxment, xxmend,mental, rexxmend, mention, design, signal,significant, protect, detect, point, appoint,appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ,excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed,false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity,personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose,xxpose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious,prove, improve, record, relieve,sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare,abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective,efficient, campaign, cause, xxmission, xxponent,content, intention,crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard,discipline, anticipate, participate, principal,principle,familiar,feature,feasible,indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough,morally, virtually, deal with, copewith, doubt,执行, density, corporation,currency,current,demonstrate,countless,discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually,precious,precise,appreciate,reluctant,unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length,supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive,preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester,shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,acxxplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist,resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional,descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent,incline,instant,merit,military,prevent,represent,restrain,academic,available,challenge,continent,elaborate,function,generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option,phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt,regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial,creature,determine,distinct,encounter,environment, fatigue篇二:公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install,intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal,normal, radiate, authority, xxpanion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief,conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, xxpare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain,entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, xxplicate,xxprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith,faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, xxbine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray,announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease, increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate,imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select,collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, xxpete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim,in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, acxxpany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent,inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, xxmercial,xxmunicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape,sophisticate, stain, strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect,purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost, fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel, circulate, xxmunity, xxpany, consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote,dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, xxpel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, xxplain, explain,financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, xxprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overxxe, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, xxfort, submit, permit, emit, xxplex, conduct, constant, core, demand, xxmand, xxment, xxmend,mental, rexxmend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, xxpose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve,sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, xxmission, xxponent, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature,feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,acxxplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue篇三:公共管理硕士重要英语词汇一览VIP Vocabulary for MPAa. normal, radiate, authority, xxpanion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief,b. force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal,c. conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, xxpare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice,practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain,d. entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, inadvance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, xxplicate, xxprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith,e. faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, xxbine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray,f. announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease,increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate,divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property,reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate,g. imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select, collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse,prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, xxpete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply,reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim,h. in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, acxxpany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent,i. inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, xxmercial, xxmunicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape, sophisticate, stain,j. strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect,k. purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost, fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel,circulate, xxmunity, xxpany, consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote,l. dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, xxpel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, xxplain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, xxprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overxxe, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, xxfort, submit, permit, emit, xxplex, conduct, constant, core, demand, xxmand, xxment, xxmend,m. mental, rexxmend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity,personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, xxpose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve,n. sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, xxmission, xxponent, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope o. with, doubt, execute, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,p. acxxplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony,confront, conventional, descend, donate,elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option,phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue。

公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal, normal, radiate, authority, companion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief, conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, compare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain, entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, complicate, comprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith, faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, combine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely,inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray, announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease, increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate, imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select, collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim, in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent, inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, commercial, communicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape, sophisticate, stain, strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect, purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost,fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel, circulate, community, company, consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote, dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, compel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overcome, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, comfort, submit, permit, emit, complex, conduct, constant, core, demand, command, comment, commend, mental, recommend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, compose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve, sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect,scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer, accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue。

公共管理学专业英语词汇整理

公共管理学专业英语词汇整理

公共管理学专业英语词汇目标内部环境外部环境集体目标计划组织人事领导控制步骤原理方法经理总经理行政人员主管人员企业商业产业公司效果效率企业家权利职权职责科学管理现代经营管理行为科学生产率激励动机法律法规经济体系管理职能产品服务利润满意归属尊敬自我实现人力投入盈余收入成本资本货物机器设备建筑存货经验法人际行为法集体行为法协作社会系统法社会技术系统法决策理论法数学法系统法随机制宜法管理任务法经营法人际关系心理学态度压力冲突招聘鉴定选拔培训报酬授权协调业绩考绩制度表现下级偏差检验记录误工记录销售量产品质量先进技术顾客服务策略结构领先性普遍性忧虑忿恨士气解雇批发零售程序规则规划预算共同作用大型联合企业资源购买增长目标专利产品竞争对手晋升管理决策商业道德有竞争力的价格供货商小贩利益冲突派生政策开支帐户批准程序病假休假工时机时资本支出现金流量工资率税收率股息现金状况资金短缺总预算资产负债表可行性投入原则投资回报生产能力实际工作者最终结果业绩个人利益福利市场占有率创新生产率利润率社会责任董事会组织规模组织文化目标管理评价工具激励方法控制手段个人价值优势弱点机会威胁个人责任顾问定量目标定性目标可考核目标优先工资表策略政策灵活性多种经营评估一致性应变策略公共关系价值抱负偏见审查批准主要决定分公司总经理资产组合距阵明星问号现金牛赖狗采购人口因素地理因素公司形象产品系列合资企业破产政策紧缩政策战术追随个性性格安全自主权悲观的静止的乐观的动态的灵活的抵制敌对折中激励潜意识地位情感欲望压力满足自我实现的需要尊敬的需要归属的需要安全的需要生理的需要维持保健激励因素概率强化理论反馈奖金股票期权劳资纠纷缺勤率人员流动奖励特许经营热诚信心鼓舞要素忠诚奉献作风品质适应性进取性热情毅力人际交往能力行政管理能力智力专制式领导民主式领导自由放任式领导管理方格图工作效率服从领导行为支持型领导参与型领导指导型领导成就取向型领导自动化检验自动化装配系统应用生物力学计算机辅助设计与制造计算机整合制造系统数据结构数据库管理系统决策分析工程经济工程统计设施规划工厂诊断与改善方法财务与成本分析模糊理论与应用()人因工程与计算机系统人因工程人类讯息处理人机系统设计人力资源管理人体系统诊断与改善工业环境评估工业组织与管理工业安全信息技术智慧财产权法知识工程线性代数制造自动化制造工程制造管理制造程序制造系统与管理市场与行销物流自动化数学规划多目标规划多准则决策分析网络分析数值分析组织与管理产品与技术开发管理生产管理生产计划与管制质量管理品质工程品质管理等候线理论可靠度工程,研究发展管理半导体生产管理排序与排程模拟分析统计方法随机系统技术策略大型系统分析与设计系统绩效评估技术系统品质保证工程系统工程系统仿真视觉与色彩工作生理学工作研究会计助理记帐员会计部经理会计部职员会计主管行政经理行政人员行政助理行政办事员广告工作人员航空公司定座员航空公司职员应用工程师副经理证券分析员证券交易员业务主任业务经理采购员出纳员化学工程师土木工程师职员/接待员& 文书打字兼秘书计算机资料输入员计算机工程师计算机处理操作员计算机系统部经理广告文字撰稿人副总经理经济研究助理电气工程师工程技术员英语教师外销部经理外销部职员财务主任财务报告人. ( ) 外汇部职员. 外汇部核算员财务经理审计长总经理总经理助理's 总经理秘书计算机硬件工程师进口联络员进口部经理保险公司理赔员国际销售员口语翻译法律顾问生产线主管维修工程师管理顾问经理公关部经理制造工程师生产员工市场分析员市场开发部经理市场销售部经理市场销售员销售助理销售主管销售代表市场调研部经理机械工程师采矿工程师音乐教师造船工程师办公室助理职员业务经理包装设计师乘客票位预订员人事部职员人事部经理厂长邮政人员私人秘书生产部经理产品工程师专业人员电脑程序设计师项目策划人员推售部经理校对员采购进货员质量管理工程师房地产职员招聘协调人地区经理&研究开发工程师饭店经理销售计划员销售助理店员、售货员销售协调人销售工程师销售主管销售部经理销售员销售代表销售监管学校注册主任秘书助理秘书保安人员安全人员高级会计高级顾问高级雇员高级秘书服务部经理同声传译员计算机软件工程师监管员系统顾问系统工程师系统操作员技术编辑技术翻译技术工人电讯(电信)员/ 电话接线员、话务员导游贸易财务主管培训部经理翻译核对员翻译员银行高级职员打字员文字处理操作员A进入歧视动作研究解散特别结构管理原则人工环境人工智能工巧匠规避性学习双管齐下策略B资产负债表波士顿咨询集团矩阵善意职业资格审查有限理性官僚机构标杆瞄准有限理性方法跨超边界作用C()计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产对话企业联合变革促进者混沌理论魅力型领导者博爱原则强制权凝聚力合作型管理可比较价值竞争性基准碰头会永久性目标权变理论公司社会表现公司社会责任公司社会反应关键事件流动资产流动负债文化强度创造性部门技艺性技术关联性维度连续加工生产集体化阶段小团体控制小团体文化联合团体协作网络集中性集权化竭尽忠诚的权力D分权民主管理部门化差别报酬系统辩证探求法劳动分工降职流动动态融合动态网络领域直接交叉事业部模式差别化战略决策前提二元核心模式E() 电子数据处理员工导向型风格授权解码终端用户计算系统企业家精神净资产公平理论信仰价值种族主义的管理者期望理论支出预算费用中心外部审计外部利益相关者外部奖励伦理巡视官外部适应性精细阶段创业阶段顽固认同F家庭集团财务报表扁平型结构弹性预算场力理论合法权力正式的系统评估特许经营权规范化阶段职能组合正式沟通渠道G博弈论一般财务状况全球化管理者总经理全球化传言链传言网全球战略伙伴关系一般环境全面战略区域组合全球公司全球区域结构H霍桑效应启发性原理科层制度招聘细则横向联系模型混合结构高接触高倍速环境I放任式管理损益表信息转换基础设施整合过程智力企业内部审计内部相关者实习内部企业家精神内在报酬库存, 存货内部整合组织间的关系团体间冲突交叉董事会机构的观点直觉决策构思倡导者渐进式变革非正式组织结构非正式业绩评价J职务描述职务设计职务扩大化职务丰富化职务轮换职务专业化K关键业务区关键绩效区L劳动生产力指数自由化管理大批量生产横向沟通领导风格()最不喜欢的同事合法权力负债联络者直线职权流动性联络员角色纵向关联技术冲突带来的损失低成本领先M目标管理管理方格矩阵主管管理倡导者() 物料需求计划马斯洛需求层次论管理文化多元化营销观文化多元主义多部门公司道德准则() 走动式管理矩阵结构() 跨国公司道德相对主义机械式组织中庸式管理常态理论多国化战略调停技术N朴素相对主义成就需要规范化规范非程序化决策非替代性非例行技术领地O脱产培训在职培训运营预算订单储备有机系统() 组织发展定位结果的相互依赖性外延服务组织生态系统P权威的矛盾创造力的矛盾开放的矛盾身份的矛盾个性的矛盾回归的矛盾部分生产率参与式管理路径目标模型同级招聘() 政治活动委员会多中心管理者业务组合框架资产组合投资正强化生产柔性收益率程序化决策精神分析法范式人员比例集合性依存专业官僚机构问题识别问题搜寻种群生态模型Q质量质量圈问题类市场交换物R理性决策模式() 实际工作预览相互依存性资源依赖理论例行技术保留理性方法理性模型理性—合法权威S准可变成本力量感敏感性训练性骚扰短期生产能力变化单向传言链情境方法情境力量情境领导理论移动规模预算小规模生产社会科技方法管理幅度参谋职权长设计划分步预算管家原则刺激调整阶段战略管理战略伙伴关系战略制定战略实施战略控制战略权变满意度子系统子单位协同系统边界结构性维度序列性依存自我管理型团队专门战略战略与结构变革结构无效的特征T高长型科层结构任务小组或项目团队任务的内部依赖性任务型管理任务导向型管理风格全部生产率全面质量管理挂职培训培训程序交易型领导变革型领导歧视待遇双因素理论双重主管员工技术或产品的倡导者U解冻单位产品V变种子变量效价可变成本纵向沟通纵向一体化仿真培训产量的可伸缩性纵向连接风险团队基于价值的领导W输赢情境双赢情境员工的读写能力在制品工作流程再造成工作流程自动化揭发Z零和( ) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。

公共管理学 英语

公共管理学 英语

英语复习资料一、专业术语1、政务公开Opening Administration to the Public2、行政会议Administrative Meeting3、工商联成员Association of Industry and Commerce4、增加透明度Increasing Transparency5、专款专用distribution and use of special funds6、重点建设项目major capital construction projects7、公务员public servants8、世界贸易组织WTO World Trade Organization9、公告栏government bulletin10、香港特别行政区Hong Kong SAR(Special Administrative Region)11、市政建设municipal construction12、责任制responsibility system13、贫困线the poverty line14、社区residential community15、电子政务E-Government (Electronic- Government)16、弱势群体disadvantaged groups17、法律援助legal assistance18、职能部门competent institutions19、在线事务办理handling affairs online20、开放城市规划open urban planning二、完型填空Over the past two years, Beijing, shanghai, and Tianjin have made public their city construction public plan, a change from their former closed-door working style. The procedures and timetable for t he examination and approval of projects, regulations and laws, and technological indexes in relation to the projects are now also out in the open, much to the great enthusiasm of the citizens. Last October, Beijing held an exhibition on the overall city planning. During holidays and weekends, the 3000-spuare-meter hall received about 1500 people each day. ” we have not expected so many citizens to be so interested in city planning, “ said Qiu Y ue , a member of the Beijing Municipal City Planning Committee.Many visitors filled thick suggestion books with feedback, providing constructive ideas, such as building another world trade center in the north; retaining the lay-out of the narrow alleys and the courtyard homes;and informing citizens of city construction projects on time. The exhibition organizers then sorted the suggestions and delivered them to the decision-making departments. “bringing city planning to the public shows the government's determination to promote the opening up of administration affairs, and this is a significant development,” said a visitor.Zhou chang, secretary general of the china architectural society, agreed. “the opening up of the urban planning process can improve things greatly, as major decisions will go through the approval of experts, the suggestions of citizens and the supervision of the media,” said zhou. Shan qixiang , director of the Beijing municipal city planning committee, said the opinions of both experts and the masses will be pooled together before a decision on any important plan for urban construction is reached.三、介词填空Public management reform usually thought of as means to an end,not an end in itself. To be more precise we should perhaps say that it potentially a means to multiple ends. These include making saving (economies)in public expenditure, improving the quality of public services, making the operation of government more efficient and increasing the chances that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective.On the way to achieving these important objectives, public management reform may also serve a number of intermediate ends, including those of strengthening the control of politicians over the bureaucracy, freeing public officials from bureaucratic constrains which inhibit their opportunities to manage and enhance the government’s accountability to t he legislature and the citizenry for its policies and programs. Last, but not least. One should mention the symbolic and legitimacy benefits of management reform. For politicians these benefits consist partly of being seen to be doing something. Announcing reforms, criticizing bureaucracy, praising new management techniques, promising improved services for t he future, restructuring ministries and agencies-all these activities help to attract favorable attention to the politicians who espouse them. A cynic might observe that, in these days when the power of individual governments to act independently is increasingly called into questions by a complex interplay of local, national and international constrains, the one thing that ministers usually can do-with the appearance of dynamism but at little immediate cost – is to announce changes in their own machinery of governance. There are also legitimacy benefits for those senior officials who, almost invariably, play important parts in shaping and implementing such initiatives. They may gain in reputation by association with “modernizing” and “streamlining” activities.四、英译汉The public sector's main economic functions fit into three broad categories: making policy, delivering services, and providing oversight and accountability. As global competition has increased in the past two decades, the governments of many developing countries have shifted their focus from trying to preserve jobs in a stagnant public sector to creating jobs in a vibrant private sector. Governments are now in the business of designing and implementing good policies and strong institutions that enhance the business and investment climate.Government functions and policies affect many areas of social and economic life: health and education, natural resources and environmental protection, fiscal and monetary stability, and flows of trade. Data related to these topics presented in the respective sections. This section provides data on key public sector activities: tax policy, exchange rates, and defense expenditures.Taxes are the main source of revenue for many governments. They are levied mainly on income, profits, capital gains, goods and services, and exports and imports. (Non-tax revenue is also important in some economies) A comparison of taxation levels across countries provides an overview of the fiscal obligations and incentives facing the private sector. Central government tax revenues (excluding state and local taxes) rang from about 3 percent of GDP in Kuwait and 7 percent in Bangladesh to 35 percent in Austria and 36 percent in Slovenia.The level and progressivity of taxes on personal and corporate income influence incentives to work and invest. Marginal tax rates on individual income range from 0 percent (in countries such as Kuwait, Oman, Paraguay, the united Arab emirates, and Uruguay) to 50 percent or more(in such countries as Austria, Belgium, the democratic republic of Congo, Denmark, the Islamic republic of Iran, and Senegal ). Most marginal tax rates on corporate income are in the 20-30 percent range. 公共部门的主要经济职能适于以下广泛的三大类:制定政策,提供服务,履行监督和问责制. 由于在过去二十年中全球竞争日趋白热化,许多发达国家的政府已将工作重点由在停滞不前的公共部门维持工作而转向在富有活力的私营部门提供就业岗位.当今世界,各国政府正致力于制定完善良好的政策和发展强有力的机构,以促进商业发展,创建温和的投资环境.政府职能和其政策影响着社会和经济生活的诸多领域:如教育,健康,自然资源和环境保护,财政和货币稳定,贸易流动等等.本文在相关章节分别提出了以上话题的数据.本节主要提供重要公共部门的活动数据:包括税收政策,汇率和国防支出等.税金是许多国家政府收入的主要来源。

公共管理学专业英语词汇整理

公共管理学专业英语词汇整理

公共管理学专业英语词汇整理XXXn/objective。

internal environment。

external environment。

group objective。

planning。

organizing。

staffing。

leading。

controlling。

process。

principle。

technique。

manager。

general manager。

administrator。

supervisor。

enterprise。

business。

industry。

company。

effectiveness。

efficiency。

entrepreneur。

power。

authority。

responsibility。

scientific management。

modern nal management。

r science。

productivity。

motivate。

motive。

law。

n。

economic system。

managerial n。

product。

service。

profit。

n。

n。

esteem。

n。

human input。

surplus。

e。

cost。

capital goods。

machinery。

equipment。

building。

inventory。

empirical approach。

interpersonal r approach。

group r approach。

cooperative social systems approach。

social-technical systems approach。

n theory approach。

mathematical approach。

systems approach.In the field of public n。

XXX that one should be familiar with。

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公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览

公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览(一)normal, radiate发射, authority,companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体,influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice 正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,(二)force, enforce实施、迫使, reinforce加强、增援, report, scope范围、机会、余地spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse归咎、控告, afford, anxiety焦虑、渴望, atmosphere, blame, bargain买卖全同、议价, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious有意识的、自觉的、故意的, convince使确信、使说服, custom, desperate不顾一切的、拼命的,凶暴的、极我危险的, encourage, discourage使沮丧, economic, economy, motive, promote促使, emotional感情的、情绪的, motion动机, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major主修的、成年的, no matter, neutral中立的, outlet出品、销路、电源插座, perform履行、执行, inform告知, formal外形的、正式的、合理的(三)conquer, result, consult参考、请教, insult, 侮辱、冒犯,deliberate深思熟虑的、有准备的, despair绝望、失望的, compare, emergence浮现、露出, emergency,establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate挫败、破坏,使无效, handy便于携带的, incredible不可信的, inherit, conference会议、协商会, infer推断、推理, offer, interfere, length, manufacture制造、加工, mood心情、情绪、气氛, necessity, noble高贵的、贵族, occasion, occasional, output 产量、产品、输出, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue救援、解救, maintain, remain, obtain,(四)entertain娱乐,rural农村的, urban城市的, similar to, trial试验、暂时性的, trail踪迹、痕迹, witness目击、目睹, absolute, accumulate积累, in advance 有远见、有前、预先, advanced, advantage, agent代理, appeal, application 申请表, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim声称、声明, climate, complicate使复杂、使陷入, comprise包含、包括, considerable相当多的,boundary分界, frontier国界, nullity无效行为的, debate争辩, decrease, increase, reduce减小, include, conclude推断, exclude拒绝、逐出, federal联合的、联邦的, firm, forecast预报, foresee预见、预知, grateful感谢的, integrate, divide, individual个人的, fence, defense防卫, offend冒犯, portion 部分, proper, property财产,poverty贫穷,reputation, restrict, loyal忠心的, royal王室的、盛大的, spot污点, terminal终点、末期的, alter, alternate轮流、交替, alternative二中选一, concrete具体的、混凝土的, consequent随之的、必然发生的, explode使爆炸, explore勘探, exploit开发、开采、开拓, hesitate犹豫、支支吾吾的,(七)imagine, influence, innocent清白的, guilty有罪的, persuade, possess占有, sample, support, vital, burden, elect选举, select, collect, collective集合的、集体的, contribute贡献, distribute分发, attribute归因于, abuse滥用, prejudice 偏见, avoid, escape, capture捕获, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve包含、使陷于, evolve使进展、逐渐成形, imply暗示、意味, reply, multiply乘加、多元化, issue, modify修饰, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award奖品、授予, reward报酬, shelter掩蔽, skim浏览,(八)in spite of, temporary临时的, vehicle交通工具, ancestor associate, refuse,confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible看不见的, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil损坏, stimulate刺激、激励, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict战斗, convenient, derive源自、起源, deprive剥夺, thrive兴旺、繁荣, dominate, element, gallery美术馆、走廊, interval时间间隔, lock, lack, match比赛、火柴, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant无知、愚昧, independent,(九)inspire激发, motion动机, promote促进, remote遥远、冷淡的, motive运动的、目的、主旨, numerous许多的, relevant有关的, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh,tempt诱惑、吸引, attempt, contract, attract, candidate候补的, commercial 商业的, communicate, contain, coordinate使协调, respond回应、作出反映, correspond通信、相当、符合, emphasis, enclose随信附上, focus, instinct 本能、直觉, investigate, invest, manner, mere仅仅, nerve神经中枢, political, policy, reliable可靠的、可信赖的, resemble相似的, assemble集中、召集, shape外形, sophisticate世故的, stain污点,(十)strain紧张的、过度疲劳的, symbol, triumph胜利、成功, upright, vigorous 精力旺盛、有力的, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance环境、境况, chain store, concentrate, delegate派……为代表, diligent勤奋的, dispute争论, estimate, factor, intentional故意的, occupy占领, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive使复兴、有效, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure保险, invade使……侵略, mature成熟、成年人的, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect忽视、忽略,(十一)purpose, raw生的、未加工的, refurbish再磨光, remove, restore修复, resort 求助、讼诸, scarcely仅仅、几乎不, specific特有的, target, alarm, approve 赞成, certify证明、保证, certificate证书, frost霜、严峻的, fund, genuine真诚的, intend, material, memory, primitive原始的, propose建议、提议, ruin, shadow, contrary相反的, sufficient充分的, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach系上、附上, awkward笨拙的、尴尬的, budget, capture捕获、赢得, channel, circulate使循环、使流通, community社团, company, consent 同意赞成, cooperate合作、协作, cultivate耕种、培养, depart走开、逝去的, devote奉献、献身,denote表示、指示(十二)dismiss解散、开除, distant, enhance, eventually最后、终于, fierce, manage, overnight通宵的, passion激情, passive被动的、消极的, postpone, progress,pursue, react, render呈交、归还, sense, treat, treaty条约、协定, capacity容量、能力, civilian平民、公务员, compel强迫, contradiction反驳、矛盾、抵触, crack暇疵、爆裂, curiosity, departure启程、离开, devise设计、发明、图谋, device设备、装置, secure安全的, accurate精密的、准确的, depend 依靠, distinguish区别, plain平原, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody使具体化,subsume包含, construct建造, structure结构, isolate使隔离, labor, task, overlook远眺, overcome战胜、克服, resist抵抗, insist, state声明、陈述, supreme最高的, superior较高的, volume卷、体积, absorb, account, achieve, universal全体的, convert, reverse颠覆、相反, apply, applicable适用的, applicant申请者,application请求、申请, broad, board, cancel, casual 偶然的、随意的, cancer, classify分类、分级, comfort, submit递交、投降、服从, permit许可, emit发出、射出, complex, conduct行为、举止, constant, core核心、果核, demand, command命令、指令, comment评论、注释, commend 表扬,(十三)mental, recommend推荐、介绍, mention, design, signal信号, significant意义重大的, protect, detect, point, appoint约定、指定, appointment, disappoint, duration持续时间长, durable耐久的, employ, excess过分、过量, exceed超出, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, indicate指出、显示、象征, predict预言预知, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose决定、处置, expose揭露, suppose假定、料想, oppose反对、对比, compose组成, impose征税、欺骗、强加, deposit储蓄, poison, poverty, cautious小心的、谨慎的, prove, improve改进、改善, record, relieve减轻,(十四)sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope(十五)with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,(十六)accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatiguecontend 争论、竞争者cosmos 秩序、完整体系elsewhere 在别处fabricate 捏造humbly 谦恭的offend 冒犯的primary 首要的、最初的privilege 特权refine 精炼resolve 决心、解决strikingly 醒目的、引人注目的superior 较高的trait 人的个性、特征understanding 谅解、通情达理的validate 证实、确证、有法律效力的whereas 但是、而。

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公共管理学专业英语词汇目标 mission/ objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织 organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理 manager 总经理 general manager 行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor 企业 enterprise 商业 business产业 industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家 entrepreneur 权利 power职权 authority 职责 responsibility 科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive法律 law 法规 regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory经验法 the empirical approach 人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach 集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach 系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach 管理任务法 the managerial roles approach 经营法 the operational approach 人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训 train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度 merit system 表现 behavior 下级 subordinate 偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record 误工记录 record of labor-hours lost 销售量 sales volume 产品质量 quality of products 先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则 rule规划 program 预算 budget 共同作用 synergy 大型联合企业 conglomerate 资源resource 购买 acquisition 增长目标 growth goal 专利产品 proprietary product 竞争对手rival 晋升promotion 管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突 conflict of interests 派生政策 derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave 休假 vacation 工时 labor-hour 机时 machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率 tax rate 股息dividend 现金状况 cash position 资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget 资产负债表 balance sheet 可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result 业绩performance个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新innovation 生产率 productivity 利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool 激励方法 motivational techniques 控制手段 control device 个人价值 personal worth 优势 strength 弱点 weakness 机会opportunity 威胁 threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标 qualitative objective 可考核目标 verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表 payroll 策略 strategy 政策 policy 灵活性 discretion 多种经营 diversification 评估 assessment 一致性 consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负aspiration 偏见 prejudice 审查 review 批准 approval 主要决定 major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix 明星star 问号 question mark 现金牛 cash cow 赖狗 dog 采购 procurement 人口因素demographic factor 地理因素 geographic factor 公司形象 company image产品系列 product line 合资企业 joint venture 破产政策 liquidation strategy 紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership个性individuality 性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic 静止的 static 乐观的 optimistic 动态的 dynamic 灵活的 flexible 抵制resistance 敌对antagonism 折中eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs 归属的需要 affiliation needs 安全的需要 security needs 生理的需要 physiological needs 维持 maintenance 保健 hygiene 激励因素 motivator 概率 probability 强化理论 reinforcement theory 反馈 feedback 奖金 bonus 股票期权 stock option 劳资纠纷 labor dispute 缺勤率 absenteeism 人员流动 turnover 奖励 reward 特许经营 franchise 热诚 zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty 奉献 devotion 作风 style 品质 trait适应性 adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence 专制式领导 autocratic leader 民主式领导 democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率 work efficiency 服从 obedience 领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership 参与型领导 participative leadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research,development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research&.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯(电信)员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话 consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者 chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权 cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理 comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准 confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现 corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应 critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产 collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体 collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性 centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法 division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理 employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统 entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估 franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化 gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网 global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换 infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬 inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数 laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格 least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力 liability 负债liaison 联络者 line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性 liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术 losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理 Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管 management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观 multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司 moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构 multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义 mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理 meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnave relativism 朴素相对主义 need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化 norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策 nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术 niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训 on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算 order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统 organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位 outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务 organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾 paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾 paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾 paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率 participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型 peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者 portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资 positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性 profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策 psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式 personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存 professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别 problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量 quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场 quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术 retention 保留rational approach 理性方法 rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本 sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练 sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化 single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法 situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论 sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产 sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度 staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划 step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则 stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段 strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系 strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施 strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变 satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统 subunits 子单位synergy 协同 system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度 sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队 specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构 task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性 task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格 total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理 training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序 transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导 treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论 two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻 unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子 variety 变量valence 效价 variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通 vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训 volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接 venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境 win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力 work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成 work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。

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