高中定语从句讲解
高中英语:定语从句专项讲解
高中英语:定语从句专项讲解【基础回顾】考点归纳:定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句2.关系副词引导的定语从句3.判断关系代词与关系副词4.限制性和非限制性定语从句5.介词+关系词6.as, which 非限定性定语从句7.关系代词that 的用法一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1、who, whom, that限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/that whom/that(可省略) whose指物which/that which/that(可省略) whose指人和物that that whose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who whom whose/of whom指物which which whose/of which特殊情况:只能用that的情况,先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;先行词有人又有物时;当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
不能用that的情况介词前置时;非限定性定语从句中先行词本身是that多用who,不用that的情况。
先行词为anyone,one,ones时;先行词为those,he和people时;这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。
Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。
高中定语从句全面详细讲解
高中定语从句全面详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解一、定义及相关术语定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常紧跟在先行词之后。
先行词是被定语从句修饰的词,而引导定语从句的词叫做关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
which。
who。
whom。
whose。
as等;关系副词有when。
where。
why 等。
关系词有三个作用:引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is XXX。
这句话中,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:XXX are from Class One。
正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 XXX。
想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
XXX I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the XXX。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
例如:Mr。
Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus。
XXX就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
XXX正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl who is often praised by the teacher is our monitor。
She is a responsible and diligent student who always sets a good example for the rest of the class.The man you just met is my old friend。
高中英语人教版必修2 Unit2 定语从句讲解
定语从句一、定语从句1.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。
2.定语从句在选择关联词that 与which时,常常容易出错,所以应记住什么时候只能用that,什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳4种:即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。
请看下列四组例句,注意其先行词:①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that heknew at this lesson.③.Later my father and Mr. Crosset talked for about half a four of thingsand persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find.(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况:一是非限制性定语从句,关联词要用which;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。
请看下列两组例句:I said nothing, which made him more angry.I have the book about which you are talking.三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中,which 和as 是容易混淆的。
在很多情况下两者兼可互换,但在下列情况中不可互换:1、通常As可以放在整句的句首,而which,只能在逗号之后,as 本身含有“正如”,as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语。
高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解
定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when,where,why等The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键.二关系代词引导的定语从句1。
who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2。
whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys。
足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
高中定语从句超详细讲解+例句
!"#$%Attributive ClauseI. !"#$%&⼀、定义在复合句中,⽤以修饰名词或代词(充当定语)的从句,被称为定语从句。
例如:(1)English is a useful language.(其中形容词useful作定语修饰名词language)English is a language which helps people to communicate effectively with others.(其中“which … others”为定语从句,修饰language)(2)He told me something important.(其中形容词important作定语修饰不定代词something)He told me something that I would never forget.(其中“that … forget”为定语从句修饰不定代词something)在定语从句中,被修饰的名词或代词被称为先⾏词;引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
重点1.如果没有先⾏词(即被修饰的名词或代词),定语从句也就不存在了。
2.定语从句的关系词都必须在从句中充当⼀定的成分。
⼆、分类定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和⾮限定性定语从句。
1. 限定性定语从句:与主句关系紧密,往往直接跟在先⾏词之后,起到限定的作⽤;2. ⾮限定性定语从句:以逗号“,”隔开主句,主从句的关系相对松散,从句往往只是对先⾏词的补充说明,对主句的意思影响不⼤。
**⼀些⾮限定性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句整句句⼦。
例如:(1) The watch I bought in Switzerland works quite well. 我在瑞⼠买的那块表⾛得不错。
(2) He gave me a vase, which strikes my fancy. 他送了我⼀只花瓶,我很中意。
(3) My father’s old watch gains a bit, as is often the case. 我爸的表快了点,这是常有的事。
高中英语定语从句详解
定语从句详解Ⅰ. 概念:定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语,所以叫作定语从句。
先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句:The man who (that) came is Mike.先行词关系代词Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who…not…, "没有……不……", 在从句中作主语,宾语)常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
一. 几个关系代词的基本用法:1. 定语从句的关系代词Which的用法:若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.This is the pen which was given by my friend.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语This is the pen which my friend gave to me.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语2. 定语从句的关系代词Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl with whom I went there.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.3. 定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomThis is the teacher whom\who we like best.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.I do n’t like the boy to whom you are talking.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. 4. 定语从句的关系代词that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语The animal that \which is lost is a panda.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语She is the person that \who we are worried about.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)介词短语副词这就是我在那儿出生的房子.I was born in.这里作介宾的which和that可以省略I was born in练习:用which ,where填空1 This is the factory they want to visit。
高中英语语法讲解定语从句课件(共53张PPT)
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl her we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
1.that 与which
1.This is the best TV _______ that is made in China. that he 2.The first museum _______ visited in China was the History Museum.
先行词被形容词最高级 或序数词修饰时,引导 定语从句多用that 。
引导定语从句用that .
1.that 与which 1.Who that _______ you have ever
know can do it better ?
Who做先行词时, 引导定语从句用 that
1.that 与which
1.Her bag, in ________ which she put all her money, has been stolen. which she 2.This is the ring on ________ spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang , with ________ I went whom to the concert, enjoy it very mue is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that,which,who,whose,when,where,why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.在日本,有人看到其他人在谈论他们时,会认为这意味着钱。
4.theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsin theriversandcoastalwatersofasia.5.访客可以在他们可以看到的地方查看他们在自己的房间内看到的东西。
6.oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.(二)定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限制性定语从句:补充和解释先行词。
它与先行词之间用逗号分隔。
1.beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.2.树木一棵接一棵地被水砍倒,水的深度必须达到米。
3.flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.4.他们的演讲包括节奏和押韵词,这些词经常引起听众的掌声。
高中定语从句课件详解条理清晰.ppt
需要了解的概念
先行词: 定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词 通常是由名词或代词充当 They are the boys who you like to play with. Friends are those who make you smile, always share your happiness and sorrows.
• ①Such teachers as know Tom think him bright. 先行词为人such teachers, as作主 语
在非限定性定语从句中:as可以作为关系代 词引导非限定性定语从句时,as是指全句: 也就是说,将整个主句看成一件事或是一 个事实;并对其进行补充、说明。这种非 限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也 可以放在主句之后。
例如:
As的用法
• as引导的定语从句修饰表人或物的先行词, 即先行词可以是人也可以是物;在定语从 句中可以做主语、宾语或表语;常用于the same…as…/such…as…/as(so)…as…句 型,as不论在定语从句中作何成分,均不 能省略。
• 有许多声音有意义但不是词。
• Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class.
• 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:
• tell him to go to the classroom. We often have our English class in the classroom.
只用that的情况
一:先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时,例如: Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy. 任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。 There must be something that happened to you . 你一定出了什么事。 They had nothing that could cure of his disease . 他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语定语从句讲解
第十七页,共43页。
4.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。
第十四页,共43页。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形 式
不用逗号“ ,”与主句 隔开
用逗号“ ,”与主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定 意 语,如删除,主句则失 义 去意义或意思表达不完
整
只是对先行词的补充说明, 如删除,主句仍能表达完整 的意思。
译 译成先行词的定语: 法 “……的 ”
This is my pair of glasses, ___w_i_t_h_o_uwt hich I cannot see clearly.
第二十五页,共43页。
Part Ⅴ
as与which 引导定语 从句的区别
第二十六页,共43页。
as和which的区别
as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子,在 从句中作主语,或用作及物动词的宾语,如,
6. This is the park _w_h_e_r_e/_in__w_h_ic_h_you took photos last Sunday.
7. That was the reason__w_h_y_/f_or__w_h_ichhe looked old.
第七页,共43页。
PartⅡ
通常只能使用that或 which的场合
3.I live in the house ____w_h_o_se__windows face south. 4.He is such a person_____a_s __we like very much.
高中英语定语从句讲解
定语从句Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句;2) 必在定语从句中担当一个成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语);3)代替先行词。
常用的关系代词: that,which,who,whom,whose常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) when、why、where 定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 关系代词:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不能用于非限制性定语从句; that前不能有介词) 如:1.What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 2. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做宾语时可省略。
如:The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)●who, whom, whose: who:在从句中作主语、宾语,只可指人。
whom:在从句中作宾语,只可指人。
whose:在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
1.All who heard the story were amazed. (先行词是any, those, all,one,ones时用who)2.He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.(宾语)3.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.(人)4.I'd like a room whose window faces south. (物)▲关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
高中英语语法:定语从句深层讲解(含四部分)
定语从句讲解一、详细的定语从句讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
(一)限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导(二)非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
高中语法定语从句的详细讲解
定语从句详解与练习〔一〕定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.注意:关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分,定语从句中缺主、宾、表,用关系代词;缺状语用关系副词,何为句子成分?五大根本句1. 主+ 谓〔Vi〕I come.2. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 宾I love you.3. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 间宾+ 直宾I give him a book.4. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 宾+ 宾补I make him happy.5. 主+ 系+ 表I am tall.〔二〕关系代词引导的定语从句1.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 〔主〕湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen〔which〕he bought yesterday. 〔宾〕这是他昨天买的钢笔。
She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。
2.that 指人/ 物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.〔人主〕每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man〔that〕I saw this morning 〔人宾〕我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.〔人表〕他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。
整理高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解整理表姓名:职业工种:申请级别:受理机构:填报日期:A4打印/ 修订/ 内容可编辑一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
(一)关系代词who, whom和whose 的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
例如:Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗?This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。
高中定语从句讲解
高中定语从句讲解高中定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要句型,用于修饰和限定名词或代词。
它由一个关系词(如that, which, who, whom, whose, where等)引导,后面跟一个从句。
定语从句可以用来提供更多的信息,以便更准确地描述一个人或物的特征、性质、状态、身份、关系等。
下面是一些关于高中定语从句的讲解要点:1. 关系代词的选择:关系代词分为主格形式(who, which, that)和宾格形式(whom, which, that)。
- 当关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,使用主格形式。
- 当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,使用宾格形式。
需要注意的是,宾格形式的关系代词whom在口语中较少使用,通常可以用who代替。
2. 关系副词的选择:关系副词有where, when, why等。
它们引导的从句通常修饰地点、时间、原因等。
3. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,起到对其进行补充说明的作用。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
)4. 关系代词和关系副词的省略:当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且在主句中已经有宾语时,可以将其省略。
例如:The man (whom) I saw yesterday is a famous actor.(昨天我看到的那个人是一位著名的演员。
)5. 定语从句的否定形式:定语从句中的否定形式通常使用not引起的否定词组。
例如:I don't know the reason why he didn't come.(我不知道他没来的原因。
)6. 先行词的指代问题:定语从句中的关系词所指代的先行词通常是前面提到过的名词或代词。
需要注意的是,当先行词是不定代词时,如something, someone, anyone等,关系词通常用that代替。
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关
充当
系 句子
主
宾
表
定
代 成分 词
语
语
语
语
指代
指 人
指 物
who
whom
that
whose
that
that
which
which
that
whose
that
that
简单来说,当从句缺主语或宾语,且先行词是‘人’的时候,关系词可以用that/who; 当从句缺主语或宾语,且先行词是‘物’的时候,关系词可以用that/which。
1. 这个男孩很有趣。the boy is very funny 2. 我见过这个男孩。I saw the boy。 I saw the boy who/that is very funny. The boy who/that I saw is very funny.
关 系
单
击充句当子此
处
输
入
标主题
定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,并且由“关系词”引导。 被修饰的名词或代词称之为“先行词”。
PART 02
‘定语从句’的高考考点:关系代词
关系词:同时起到连接、替代、引导作用的词 关系词分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、 whose)关系副词(when、where、why)
定义:用一个句子修饰名词或代词
这是一本有趣的书。 这是一本你给我的有趣的书。 This is a funny book. This is a funny book that you gave me.
特朗普是一个好总统。 Trum is a good president. 特朗普是一个关心美国人民的好总统 Trum is a good president who cares for the American people.
关 系
单
击充句当子此
处
输
入
标主题
宾
表
代 成分 词
语
语
语
指代
指人
who、that whom、that
that
定 语
whose
指物
which、that which、that
that
whose
I have a dream that is to be a teacher.我有一个成为一名教师的梦想。
2. 我拥有一个梦想。I have a dream. 3. 一个梦想是成为一名教师。A dream is to be a teacher. A dream I have a dream is to be a teacher. A dream that/which I have is to be a teacher.
Trum is a good president who care for the American people. 3. 特朗普是一个你谈论过的好总统。 Trum is a good president whom you talked about.
4. 这是关于一个名字是弗洛伊德的黑人的死亡。 It’s about the death of a black people whose name is Freud
然只 选顾 择风
远雨 方兼
程
定语从句
Attributive Clause
主讲人:陆沿 Ran 육연
目录
CONTENTS
01 ‘定语从句’的相关概念 02 ‘定语从句’的高考考点:关系代词 03 ‘定语从句’的做题方法 04 直击高考真题
PART 01
‘定语从句’的相关概念
1. 我有一个梦想。I have a dream. 2.这个梦想是成为一名教师。A dream is to be a teacher.
3. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____
lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.
A. that B. who
C. which D. whom
课堂小结.
作业:P52/53.
谢 谢 既 便
宾
表
代 成分 词
语
语
语
指代
指人
who、that whom、that
that
指物
which、that which、that
that
定 语
whose whose
1.这是一本你给我的有趣的书。This is a funny book that/which you gave
me.
2. 特朗普是一个关心美国人民的好总统。
PART 03
定语从句的做题方法
定语从句的分类:限制性定语与主句之前通常有逗号隔开,而限制 性定语从句之前没有逗号。
这是一本你想要的书。 This is a book that/which you want. 我买了一本非常有用的书。 I bought a book,which is very useful. that不能引导非限制性定语从句
PART 04
直击高考真题
1. They were well trained by their masters __ had great experience with caring for these animals.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
2. Sarah, _____ has taken part in shows along with top models. A. that B. whom C. who D. which
1+2 = I have a dream a dream is to be a teacher. 我有一个成为一名教师的梦想。
定义:用一个句子来修饰一个名词或代词,并且这个句子 紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
被修饰的名词或代词称之为“先行词”。
在定语从句中,起连接、替换、引导作用的词称之为“关系词”。