CATTI三级笔译综合能力复习备考资料
三级笔译教材整理 考前必背
一下的一些东西是需要打印的生物工程词语：gene pool 基因库diagnosis therapy recombination 重组cloneGenetic expression 基因组表达mutationNano material 纳米材料protein engineeringDecode the secret of human 揭开人类的奥秘Growth hormone 生长激素cell culture pharmaceutical Console 控制台pawnshop 当铺Offspring the Food and Drug Administration批准endorse approve approval (名词)The United States Senate and House of Representatives both approved landmark Medicare drug bills on Friday that will give older Americans help in paying for their prescription medicines 跨时代意义The Consumer Federation of America slaughterhouseBiotechnology bioengineering life science and technology genome 基因组Human clone the cloning technology is a double-edged sword. 双刃剑Stem cell 干细胞soilless cultivation 无土栽培transgenosis animal 转基因动物Genetically modified/ altered crops/food 转基因作物。
Cross-breeding 杂交培育hybrid rice 杂交水稻asexual reproduction 无性繁殖Issue 组织recipient 受体transgenic organism sequenceShyness 羞涩mammal habitat legal situations课文分析和一些可以采纳的句型和词语Major 作为重大的再次列举一些的表达方法：A majority of sort of number of在表示。
【免费下载】CATTI三级笔译综合能力资料
2．定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法： Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. 译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当 反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认 识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
第三部分为开放性完型填空，20 空，共 20 分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级 等同。 四、基本复习策略
综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特 别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学 都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：
最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。
CATTI三级笔译综合能力附答案
CATTI三级笔译综合能力附答案CATTI三级笔译综合能力Section1: vocabulary and grammar Part1 vocabulary selection1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ___materials.A primitiveB .roughC originalD raw2. With an eight-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ___for the students.A hostileB anxiousC tediousD obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services, ___because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A employment to riseB employment risesC which rising employmentD the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was___ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A delayedB adjournedC cancelledD preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but___ in winter.A should beB would beC preferredD preferably6. Both longitude and latitude___ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A measuringB measuredC are measuredD being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ___ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A one anotherB the otherC other onesD each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not___ paper but hard enough so tat they crumble gradually when used.A by damagingB so that they damagingC to damageD damaging9. The magician picked several persons___ from the audience and asked tem to help him with the performance.A by accidentB at randomC on occasionD on average10. On turning the corner, they saw the path___ steeply.A departingB descendingC decreasingD degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and___.A circulationB rotationC circumstanceD appreciating12. Hydroponics___ the cultivation of plants without soil.A doesB isC doD .are13. To impose computer technology___ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A withB toC inD on14. Marketing is___ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A rather thanB other thanC bigger thanD more than15. ___ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.A What linguists callB It is called by linguistsC Linguists call itD What dolinguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for___ pottery.A it madeB itsC the makingD where its17. ___ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to18. ___ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.A RememberingB MemoriesC It was the memoriesD He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect___ of the wind.A From the effectsB it the effectsC it from the effectsD the effects from it20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of themedical profession women are a___.A scarcityB minorityC minimumD shortagePart2 vocabulary replacement21. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence, although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.A misleadingB calmC understandableD initial22. The most striking technological success in the 20th century is probably the computer revolution.A profitableB productiveC prominentD prompt23. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.A. groups of follows B years C countries D fields of study24. Public relations practice is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publicA completeB relatedC intentionalD active25. The use of the new technology will have a profound effect on schools.A negativeB positiveC strongD useful26. If we look at the Chinese and British concepts of hospitality, we find one major similarity but a number of important differences.A hostilityB friendlinessC mannerD culture27. In just three years, the Net has gone from a playground for the local people toa vast communications and trading center where millions swap information or do deals around the world.A businessB shoppingC chattingD meeting28. Most species of this plant thrive in ordinary well-drained garden soil and they are best planted 8cm deep and 5cm apart.A develop wellB grow tallerC matureD bear fruit29. Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.A impedesB interferesC holdsD pushes30. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.A. only B final C true D special31. No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indians with their lofty contempt of death and the fortitude with which they sustain its cruelest affliction.A regardB courageC lossD track32. The service economy doesn't suggest that we convert our factories into laundries to survive.A implyB persuadeC hurlD transform33. It was rather strange how the habits of his youth clung to him still. He was 72.A stuck toB turnedC led toD gave way to34. He has a touch of eccentricity in his composition.A. essay B writing C character D manner35. Jim was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance.A bodyB skinC shoulderD passionate interestPart3 error correction36. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years.A Not manyB Not enoughC Without manyD No many37. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive bird native of North America by many bird-watchers.A nativeB native withC native byD native to38. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.A the otherB anotherC the otherD other one39. Furniture makers use glue to hold joints together and sometimes to reinforce it.A itsB fastC hardD them40. The hard, out surface of the tooth is called enamel.A outsideB appearanceC outerD hiding41. The earliest form of artificial lighting was fire, which also provided warm and protection.A hotB sunshineC warmthD safe42. All mammals have hair, but not always evident.A but it is notB but it isC but they are notD but they are43. A professor of economic and history at Atlanta University, W.E.B. Du Bois, promoted full racial equality.A economyB economicsC economicalD economic44. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators, dentist chairs, and automobile brakes.A excludeB excludingC includeD are included45. The first recorded use of nature gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick, New York, in 1825.A wasB isC it isD were46. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they sharea common interest in human relationship.A moveB differC changeD varies47. Unlike competitive running, race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet in contact of the ground.A runB runnerC runnersD running race48. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.A time futuresB futuresC futures timeD future time49. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.A partB partialC partnerD parting50. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.A butB orC asD thusSection2: reading comprehension(1)Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America's first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America abroad a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley's twin15- year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis's education. Phyllis soon displayedher remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually, Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have “Mrs. Wheatley's Phyllis” read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacherand caretaker to a farmer's three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis's poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren't interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London.It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.B. The Wheatley family, including their slaves.s first black poet.' C. The life of AmericaD. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.52. The underlined word “respect” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. considerationB. disregardC. punishment D behavior53. According to the passage, how many slaves did the Wheatley's have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four54. According to the passage, an unusual feature of Mary was that she___.A. was not much older than PhyllisB. wanted to become a teacherC. was comparatively well educatedD. decided to take charge of Phyllis's education55. The underlined word “eventually” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. ultimatelyB. slowlyC. reluctantlyD. gradually56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s?A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.B. She married in 1771.C. She became a teacher.D. She was be able to get her poems published.57. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to___.A publishersB poemsC childrenD black people58. It can be inferred that Phyllis's trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773___.A. did not improve her healthB. was for business reasonsC. led to books of her poems being available in AmericaD. led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interested in religious and moral subjects59. The word “extolling” is closest in meaning to___A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.D. She only wrote religious poetry.(2)About fifty years ago, plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselvesin solutions in laboratory flasks. The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However, they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along fine on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy, of course. The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP, which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also require oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of the shoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins, and the roots provide the shoots with water and minerals.comesThis compounds. nitrogen organic with shoots the provide can roots addition, Inin handy for the growth of buds in the early spring whenleaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing, they produce protein, but only mature leaves can “export” protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.61. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The relationship between a plant's roots and its shoots.B. What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.C. How plants can be grown without roots.D. What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.62. The underlined word “themselves” in Paragraph 1 refers to___.A. plant physiologistsB. solutionsC. laboratory flasksD. roots63. The scientists found what the isolated roots need is___.A. quite naturalB. sugar, minerals and vitaminsC. some rare vitaminsD. organic nitrogen compounds64. Roots have the ability to___.A. make proteinsB. obtain fresh airC. produce inorganic nitrogenD. carry out activities without energy65. According to the passage, what is ATP?A. A biochemical processB. The tip of a rootC. A chemical compoundD. A type of plant cell66. The underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. matureB. wildC. wholeD. tiny67. The use of the phrase “comes in handy” underlined in Paragraph 2 indicates that the process is___.A. unavoidableB. predictableC. necessaryD. successful68. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the early spring, the buds of plants___.A. “export” protein in the form of amino acidsB. do not require waterC. have begun photosynthesizingD. obtain organic compounds from the root69. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. The results of two experiments are compared.B. A generalization is made, and several examples of it are given.C. The findings of an experiment are explained.D. A hypothesis is presented, and several means of proving it are suggested.70. Where is this passage likely to be found?A. A newsletter.B. A magazineC. A storybookD. A novel(3)Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducingthese substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied “new car odor”.71. From the passage we can learn that___.A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dearB. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clearC. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demandD. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a low cost.C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in___.A. 2000B. 1953C.1909D.181074. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT___.A. aromatic ingredient in vanillaB. vanillaC. aromatic ingredient in wild cherryD. the flavor of flesh coffee75. The underlined word “duplicated” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. make doubleB. make a copy ofC. produce something equal toD. take from76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.。
catti三级笔译综合能力真题及答案名师制作优质教学资料
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(三)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题20小题．每题1.0分，共20.0分。
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there arefour words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A rather thanB other thanC bigger thanD more than第2题The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and askedthem to help him with the performance.A by accidentB at randomC on occasion第3题English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______.A circulationB rotationC circumstanceD appreciation第4题Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has littlevegetation to protect of the wind.A from the effectsB it the effectsC it from the effectsD the effects from it第5题On turning the comer, they saw the path ______ steeply.A departingB descendingC decreasing第6题Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are aA scarcityB minorityC minimum第7题With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been veryfor the students.A hostileB anxiousC tediousD obscure第8题Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but ______ in winter.A should beB would beC preferredD preferably第9题Hydroponics ______ the cultivation of plants without soil.A doesB isC doD are第10题In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famousfor pottery.A it madeB itsC the makingD where its第11题To impose computer technology ______ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A withB toC in。
catti三级笔译备考攻略
1. 单词（1）平时：如何背单词（2）考试时：什么样的单词需要在什么时候查字典我想强调一点，课下有位女生问我考前是否需要把汉译英比较常见又相对比较固定的英文译法背下来。
我也有过类似疑惑，不过现在我认为，不能带字典的翻译类考试，这些词语的积累是越多越好，因为这种考试是在考你实打实的英文功底，积累了这些词你的表达会更地道。
难度是，记忆量较大，而且具体划分这类词语的标准很难量化。
像人事部三笔这样的考试可以查字典，你只需要混个眼熟就行，这样以便查字典时，该选择字典里的具体哪个词会比较得心应手（例如：西藏地处世界屋脊，你就会毫不犹豫地选择on the roof of the world而不是其他一些词），查字典的速度会更快一些；如果你能把这些词语记忆准确，那就更好了，考试时就不用再查字典，能节省更多宝贵时间。
2. 保持上课的一种持续状态—实践（1）结课后，考试前—需要实践上课不同老师都讲授了不同方法，这些理论是他们经过了无数实践得到的精华部分。
大家在考试前一定要重温老师讲授的方法，最重要的是，像平时老师上课按照这些方法带着我们翻译的每一篇文章一样，用这些理论指导我们的实践，用这些方法带动我们所做的每一篇翻译。
（2）考试后—仍需实践考试不是终极目的，大家来学翻译都是为了以后职业生涯做准备，所以不管三笔考试通过与否，以后都还是要用英语的。
因此，考试结束后，大家也要尽量保持考试前的持续状态，用老师教的方法去实践你的翻译。
考试结束了，翻译的路、英语的路还长着呢。
以上说的话看似有些空泛，具体建议这样操作：（1）课上讲过的文章：这些都是短短45个小时老师讲过的精华文章，要彻底消化。
用笔译和视译结合的方法，重现上课老师分析句子的思路。
英译汉一篇文章，再汉译英把它译回去，品味其中固定结构套用和选词用词的韵味。
（2）新文章：以后大家遇到的全部都是没有遇到过的文章，在到达一定水平之前，争取每一篇文章都要动笔进行笔译。
不能只看不写，不能只做视译不做笔译。
CATTI三级笔译必看笔译三级考前黄金讲义
语言的互相翻译不但有利于各国文化的交流，更有利于语言的发展。
在搞翻译工作时最怕碰上习语多的文章。
因为为了忠于原者，译文必须既坚持它的外国味，但也要符合本国文字的要求，而翻译习语却是最难把这两个标准一同达到的。
为了要适汉地把外国语言中的习语忠实地翻译出来，有经验的翻译工作者一般采取下列几种方法：1．直译法----就是按照文字的字面意思直接翻译过来,例如汉语中的“纸老虎”直译成“paper tiger”,外国人看起来不但深明其义，而且觉得很是传神，所以现已成为正式的英美民族语言。
另外，我们口中的“丢脸”也被直译为“lose face”,“走狗”译成为“running dog”.由于中国热而大为外国人欢迎的“功夫”音译成“kung fu”等也算是直译法的一种。
2．同义习语借用法——两种语言中有些同义习语无论在内容、形式和色彩上都有相符合，它们不但相同的意思或隐义，面且有相同的或极相似的形象或比喻。
翻译时如果遇到这种情况不妨直载了当地互相借用。
比方说汉语中有一句习语是“隔墙有耳“，英语中却有”walls have ears”,两句话字、义两合，无懈可击。
我们说“火上加油”，英国人则说”to add fuel to the flame”,两者也完全一样。
3．意译法——有些习语无法直译，也无法找到同义的习语借用,则只好采用意译的方法来对待.例如汉语中的”落花流水”用来表示被打得大败之意,译成英文便是“to be shattered to pieces”。
“乌烟瘴气“形容情形混乱不堪，可用“chaos”来表达。
4．省略法—汉语中有一种情况，就是习语中有的是对偶词不达意组，前后含意重复。
偶到这种情况时可用省略法来处理，以免产生画蛇添足之感。
例如“铜墙铁壁”可译成“wall of bronze” 已经足够，实在无须说成”wall of copper and iron”.”街谈巷议“在意义上也是重复的，所以译成”street gossip”便可以了。
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义目录第一节2009年3月21日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．对于考试的了解和复习的基本策略2．主要语法知识点（一）定语从句，练习及其译法第二节2009年3月21日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（二）定语从句，长难句分析及翻译第三节2009年3月28日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（三）非谓语动词，练习及其译法2．阅读理解讲解第四节2009年3月28日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（四）非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解两篇第五节2009年3月29日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（五）被动语态，练习及其译法2．阅读理解讲解第六节2009年3月29日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（六）被动语态，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解两篇第七节2009年4月4日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（七）代词及虚拟语气，练习及其译法2．阅读理解讲解3．完型填空基本思路讲解第八节2009年4月4日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（八）代词及虚拟语气，长难句分析及翻译2．词汇一般练习3．阅读理解两篇第九节2009年4月11日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．词汇一般练习，形容词和副词的一般译法，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解讲解第十节2009年4月11日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．词汇一般练习2．阅读理解两篇、完型填空基本思路讲解3．最后复习指导性建议推荐教材：1．《英语笔译综合能力3级》，外文出版社，黄源深总主编，2006年版。
（黄皮书）2．《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》，外文出版社，卢敏编，2006年版。
（蓝皮书）课外阅读材料：1．张培基、喻云根等，《英汉翻译教程》。
上海：上海外语教育出版社，1980年版。
CATTI三笔辅导
CATTI 三笔
• 考试基本要求 • 1.能够运用一般翻译策略和技巧,进行双语互译。 • 2.译文忠实原文,无明显错译、漏译。 • 3.译文通顺,用词正确。 • 4.译文无明显语法错误。 • 5.英译汉速度每小时300~400个英语单词; • 汉译英速度每小时200~300个汉字。
CATTI 三笔
Located in the heel of the Italian boot, Lecce was once a critical crossroads in the Mediterranean. • 这句考查了地理常识：意大利的地图形似一只高跟皮靴，很多人都会 用皮靴的某个位置来代指意大利某个地方所在的位置。 • 译文：莱切市（Lecce）位于意大利这只高跟皮靴的鞋跟位置，曾是地 中海的一个交通重镇。 • a critical crossroads字面意思是"一个至关重要的十字路口"，但不符合中 文行文习惯，稍加分析就不难看出，莱切是一个"交通重镇"，也符合四 字格的要求。
• archacological relics turn up on a regular basis: 直译的可读性不高， 可以按照“名词原则皆可主"的原则技巧，变换主语。
• 译文：市政厅官员赛维罗·马提尼（Severo Martini）表示，发现 考古文物在当地是常有的事，但这也给城市规划带来了麻烦。
货币符号
• 在实务考试中经常会出现货币符号的缩写，这些货币符号一般 也需要翻译出来。例如“￡”（英镑）、“＄”（美元）、“€” （欧元）等等，考生对这些符号要有基本的了解。
倍数问题
• 倍 数增加问题 • “ increased 3 times/folds” ，“ increased by 3 times”，“increase to 3
CATTI三级笔译综合能力(附答案)【范本模板】
CATTI三级笔译综合能力Section1: vocabulary and grammarPart1 vocabulary selection1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ___materials。
A primitiveB 。
roughC originalD raw2。
With an eight-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ___for the students.A hostileB anxiousC tediousD obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services, ___because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A employment to riseB employment risesC which rising employmentD the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was___ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A delayedB adjournedC cancelledD preserved5。
Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year， but___ in winter。
A should beB would beC preferredD preferably6. Both longitude and latitude___ in degrees, minutes and seconds。
CATTI三级笔译综合能力复习备考资料全
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力资料推荐教材：1．《英语笔译综合能力3级》，外文出版社，黄源深总主编，2006年版。
（黄皮书）2．《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》，外文出版社，卢敏编，2006年版。
（蓝皮书）课外阅读材料：1．张培基、喻云根等，《英汉翻译教程》。
上海：上海外语教育出版社，1980年版。
2．陈宏薇，《新实用汉译英教程》。
武汉：湖北教育出版社，1996年版。
3．柯平，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》。
北京：北京大学出版社，1993年版。
4．吕瑞昌、喻云根，《汉英翻译教程》。
西安：陕西人民出版社，1983年版。
5．陆殿扬，《英汉翻译理论与技巧》（上、下册）。
北京：时代出版社，1958年版。
6．杨莉藜，《英汉互译教程》。
开封：河南大学出版社，1993年版。
7．范仲英，《实用翻译教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994年版。
8．冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》。
上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997年版。
9．郭著章，《英汉互译实用教程》。
武昌：武汉大学出版社，1996年版。
10．申雨平，《实用英汉翻译教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002年版。
11．古今明，《英汉翻译基础》。
上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002年版。
12．王恩冕、李正中，《大学英汉翻译教程》。
北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社，1998年版。
13．李长拴，《非文学翻译理论与实践》。
北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。
.专业资料.14．姜桂华，《中式英语之鉴》。
北京：清华大学出版社。
15．庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京：外研社。
16．许渊冲：《翻译的艺术》，五洲传播出版社出版。
17．包惠南著：《文化语境与语言翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
18．何善芬等著：《英汉语言对比研究》，上海外语教育出版社。
19．曾蕙兰：《进出口实用英语》，外文出版社。
《汉英中华文化词典》，上海外语教育出版社。
20．《翻译研究论文集》(1894-1948、1949-1983)(《翻译通讯》编辑部)21．《翻译理论与翻译技巧文集》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
英语笔译三级备考技巧
英语笔译三级备考技巧推荐文章高考英语备考复习计划热度：英语四级备考的三个雷区热度：初中英语期末复习计划怎么写热度：2017英语四级备考计划书范文热度：高考英语备考的解题方法总结热度：。
CATTI—全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试笔译三级是翻译职业的入门考试,考察的是学生的基础翻译能力,下面店铺给你分享英语笔译三级备考技巧，欢迎阅读。
英语笔译三级备考技巧综合部分1. 机读答题卡(1)练习时：留出五分钟富裕。
(2)考试时：随做题，随填涂，避免时间不够或造成遗忘。
2. “第一感觉优先”原则做选择题时，第一感觉、第一判断极为重要，不要轻易修改答案，除非正负看反了。
3. 拿到试卷后先浏览一遍，好计划好时间，看什么：(1)此次题型是否有变化——确定跟平时模考时是否采用同样策略;(2)阅读共几篇文章——确定阅读时间分配(必须定上限);(3)阅读难易文章的分布——确定先做那篇(考虑到“热身”和“简单题、高分题先拿下”原则)。
英语笔译三级备考技巧实务部分1. 不要做得太快也适用于综合考试。
不要过分指望做完后去检查，再去找补，就像学习时不要指望“以后再深入学习”的道理一样，就此时此刻把握好，不要再等以后，没有以后。
2. 英译汉：与课上的大绿本P16页《中国促进世界旅游业的发展》第一段、第五段和第六段有很大的相似之处，只不过考试时换成英译汉了。
一点启示：重视人事部的指定教材。
汉译英：与2005年5月真题“西藏高原”那篇在描述中国经济发展方面有些相似。
一点启示：千万不要忽视考过的真题。
3. 专有名词(包括中英文节日的表达法)即使再熟悉，也要查查字典，往往这些英汉译文长期以来已有固定的翻译方法。
第一，不要凭印象、凭感觉随意翻译;第二，要保证英文、中文书写正确，即不能有错别字。
除非“中国”这样的汉字专有名词可以不用查。
(“美国”、“英国”的几种英文表达方法，最好事先查查，也许会有新的收获。
) 英语笔译三级备考建议1.字典越大才越好实务考试可带两本字典。
CATTI三级笔译考试经典复习资料全
1. 英译汉Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature so Marx discovered the law of development of human history, the simple fact , hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc; that, therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.英译汉：正如达尔文发现有机自然界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先要吃、要喝、要穿、要住，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等;所以，生产直接与生活有关部门的物质用品，会为一个民族或一个时代带来一定的经济发展，这两者又构成了国家制度、法律观念、艺术以及宗教思想的基础。
英语笔译综合能力三级整理
game, or walking his baby in the park, contentedly. But then, Sampras has never wanted to be seen. He only wanted to be great.我想我应该不会再看到桑普拉斯在四分之一决赛里为了再一次听到观众的喝彩而努力拚搏的景象了。
我更不会再若干年后的预选赛中看到一个不怎么体面、挺着啤酒肚的桑普拉斯。
也许以后我们会在湖人队比赛的观众席中找到他的身影，又或是在公园中看到他一脸满足的在和孩子散步。
如果真到了那个时候，桑普拉斯该是不希望被人们看到的吧。
因为他想要我们看到的是最优秀的他。
WORD LIST1.Ceremonialn. 仪式adj. 正式的A head of state may not have much political power, and may be restricted to ceremonialduties.国家元首也许没有太多政治上的权利，而仅限于礼仪上的职责。
2.stutter-step停顿，顿挫运动（如，足球、篮球、网球）中的一种步法，以停顿和顿挫影响对手的判断；这个短语也有“对于某项工作或举动做游移不定，没有准确的决定”的意思3.cravev. 恳求，渴望He knows that if they trust him, he can give them the happiness which they crave.他知道如果他们信任他，他能够把他们热切渴望的幸福赐予他们。
At this time the inner man began to crave the nourishment.这时，肚子开始咕咕叫着要吃东西了。
4.feten. 庆祝、祭祀、节日；vt. 宴请、招待、给予…巨大的荣誉Despite the bad weather the fete will go ahead.尽管天气不好，庆祝活动会照常进行。
catti三级笔译备考攻略
1. 单词（ 1 ）平时：如何背单词（ 2 ）考试时：什么样的单词需要在什么时候查字典我想强调一点，课下有位女生问我考前是否需要把汉译英比较常见又相对比较固定的英文译法背下来。
我也有过类似疑惑，不过现在我认为，不能带字典的翻译类考试，这些词语的积累是越多越好，因为这种考试是在考你实打实的英文功底，积累了这些词你的表达会更地道。
难度是，记忆量较大，而且具体划分这类词语的标准很难量化。
像人事部三笔这样的考试可以查字典，你只需要混个眼熟就行，这样以便查字典时，该选择字典里的具体哪个词会比较得心应手（例如：西藏地处世界屋脊，你就会毫不犹豫地选择 ontheroof of theworld 而不是其他一些词），查字典的速度会更快一些；如果你能把这些词语记忆准确，那就更好了，考试时就不用再查字典，能节省更多宝贵时间。
2. 保持上课的一种持续状态—实践（ 1 ）结课后，考试前—需要实践上课不同老师都讲授了不同方法，这些理论是他们经过了无数实践得到的精华部分。
大家在考试前一定要重温老师讲授的方法，最重要的是，像平时老师上课按照这些方法带着我们翻译的每一篇文章一样，用这些理论指导我们的实践，用这些方法带动我们所做的每一篇翻译。
（ 2 ）考试后—仍需实践考试不是终极目的，大家来学翻译都是为了以后职业生涯做准备，所以不管三笔考试通过与否，以后都还是要用英语的。
因此，考试结束后，大家也要尽量保持考试前的持续状态，用老师教的方法去实践你的翻译。
考试结束了，翻译的路、英语的路还长着呢。
以上说的话看似有些空泛，具体建议这样操作：（ 1 ）课上讲过的文章：这些都是短短45 个小时老师讲过的精华文章，要彻底消化。
用笔译和视译结合的方法，重现上课老师分析句子的思路。
英译汉一篇文章，再汉译英把它译回去，品味其中固定结构套用和选词用词的韵味。
（ 2 ）新文章：以后大家遇到的全部都是没有遇到过的文章，在到达一定水平之前，争取每一篇文章都要动笔进行笔译。
catti三笔词汇
catti三笔词汇摘要：一、引言二、CATTI三笔词汇考试简介1.考试性质2.考试内容与难度3.考试用途三、CATTI三笔词汇备考策略1.词汇积累1) 词汇书学习2) 影视作品学习3) 社交媒体学习2.制定学习计划3.做真题练习四、CATTI三笔词汇实战技巧1.词汇理解技巧1) 词根词缀法2) 同类词汇归纳法2.词汇记忆技巧1) 联想记忆法2) 制作词汇卡片3.词汇运用技巧1) 语境推测2) 词汇替换五、结语正文：一、引言作为一名翻译从业者或英语学习者，你是否曾为无法准确理解英文文章而苦恼？是否曾因词汇量不足而无法流畅翻译？现在，越来越多的专业人士选择通过CATTI（中国翻译资格水平考试）三笔词汇考试来提升自己的英语水平。
本文将为你详细介绍CATTI三笔词汇考试，并提供一些实用的备考策略和实战技巧。
二、CATTI三笔词汇考试简介1.考试性质CATTI三笔词汇考试，全称为“翻译专业资格（水平）考试”，是我国唯一的翻译类国家级职业资格考试。
该考试旨在评估译者的英语翻译能力，分为笔译和口译两大类别。
其中，三笔词汇考试属于笔译范畴，适用于具备一定英语基础的人群。
2.考试内容与难度CATTI三笔词汇考试内容包括：词汇量、语法、阅读理解、翻译等。
总体来说，考试难度较高，要求应试者具备扎实的英语基本功和丰富的词汇量。
3.考试用途通过CATTI三笔词汇考试，不仅可以提升个人英语水平，还能为职业发展增加筹码。
对于翻译行业从业者来说，持有三笔资格证书意味着更高的专业素质和更好的发展前景。
三、CATTI三笔词汇备考策略1.词汇积累1) 词汇书学习：选择一本适合自己的词汇书，制定学习计划，每天学习一定数量的单词。
2) 影视作品学习：观看英文影视剧，关注剧中出现的生词和地道表达，加以记录和整理。
3) 社交媒体学习：关注国际知名社交媒体平台，了解时事热点，积累相关词汇。
2.制定学习计划：根据自己的实际情况，合理安排学习时间，确保每天有足够的时间进行词汇学习。
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义目录第一节2009年3月21日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．对于考试的了解和复习的基本策略2．主要语法知识点（一）定语从句，练习及其译法第二节2009年3月21日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（二）定语从句，长难句分析及翻译第三节2009年3月28日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（三）非谓语动词，练习及其译法2．阅读理解讲解第四节2009年3月28日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（四）非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解两篇第五节2009年3月29日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（五）被动语态，练习及其译法2．阅读理解讲解第六节2009年3月29日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（六）被动语态，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解两篇第七节2009年4月4日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（七）代词及虚拟语气，练习及其译法2．阅读理解讲解3．完型填空基本思路讲解第八节2009年4月4日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（八）代词及虚拟语气，长难句分析及翻译2．词汇一般练习3．阅读理解两篇第九节2009年4月11日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1．词汇一般练习，形容词和副词的一般译法，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解讲解第十节2009年4月11日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1．词汇一般练习2．阅读理解两篇、完型填空基本思路讲解3．最后复习指导性建议推荐教材：1．《英语笔译综合能力3级》，外文出版社，黄源深总主编，2006年版。
（黄皮书）2．《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》，外文出版社，卢敏编，2006年版。
（蓝皮书）课外阅读材料：1．张培基、喻云根等，《英汉翻译教程》。
上海：上海外语教育出版社，1980年版。
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全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力资料推荐教材：1．《英语笔译综合能力3级》，外文，黄源深总主编，2006年版。
（黄皮书）2．《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》，外文，卢敏编，2006年版。
（蓝皮书）课外阅读材料：1．培基、喻云根等，《英汉翻译教程》。
：外语教育，1980年版。
2．宏薇，《新实用汉译英教程》。
：教育，1996年版。
3．柯平，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》。
：大学，1993年版。
4．瑞昌、喻云根，《汉英翻译教程》。
：人民，1983年版。
5．陆殿扬，《英汉翻译理论与技巧》（上、下册）。
：时代，1958年版。
6．莉藜，《英汉互译教程》。
：大学，1993年版。
7．仲英，《实用翻译教程》。
：外语教学与研究，1994年版。
8．庆华，《实用翻译教程》。
：外语教育，1997年版。
9．郭著章，《英汉互译实用教程》。
武昌：大学，1996年版。
10．申雨平，《实用英汉翻译教程》。
：外语教学与研究，2002年版。
11．古今明，《英汉翻译基础》。
：外语教育，2002年版。
12．恩冕、正中，《大学英汉翻译教程》。
：对外经济贸易大学，1998年版。
13．长拴，《非文学翻译理论与实践》。
：中国对外翻译出版公司。
14．桂华，《中式英语之鉴》。
：清华大学。
15．庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
：外研社。
16．渊冲：《翻译的艺术》，五洲传播出版。
17．包惠南著：《文化语境与语言翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
18．善芬等著：《英汉语言对比研究》，外语教育。
19．曾蕙兰：《进出口实用英语》，外文。
《汉英文化词典》，外语教育。
20．《翻译研究论文集》(1894-1948、1949-1983)(《翻译通讯》编辑部)21．《翻译理论与翻译技巧文集》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
22．Language, Culture, and Translation，by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press词法、句法流派代表作陆殿扬：《英汉翻译理论与技巧》，商务印书馆。
培基等：《英汉翻译教程》，外语教育。
树鉴：《实用英汉翻译技巧》，同济大学。
功能流派的代表作郭颐顿、颖，《商务英汉翻译教程》，大学，1995年版。
鸾铃，《实用英汉翻译技巧》，教育，1996年版。
谭宝全，《现代英语翻译技巧》，交通大学，1997年版。
当代译论流派代表作柯平，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》，大学。
莉藜，《英汉互译教程》，大学。
仲英，《实用翻译教程》，外语教学与研究。
宏薇，《新实用汉译英教程》，教育。
第 1 页共37 页中文语法书目叔湘，德熙：《语法修辞讲话》，教育。
力：《中国现代语法》，商务印书馆。
力：《中国古代语法》，商务印书馆。
高名凯：《汉语语法理论》，商务印书馆。
叔湘：《语法学习》，复旦大学。
翻译史马祖毅：《中国翻译史》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
文华：《中国翻译史》，西北大学。
谭载喜：《西翻译简史》，商务印书馆。
第一节考试容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法第一部分考试介绍一、考试题型词汇和语法部分50题25分25分钟阅读理解50题55分75分钟完型填空20题20分20分钟二、考试要求掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。
三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。
第一部分考察的容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。
在其后会分专题来讲解。
第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。
题材广泛，选题多样。
类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。
第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。
题材广泛，选题多样。
难度和专业四级等同。
四、基本复习策略综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。
根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。
第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。
第三，阅读能力要强。
任考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。
包括实务考试，如果文章容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译肯定是不行的。
以上三点经验之谈，仅供参考。
第二部分定语从句的讲解、练习及译法1．that和which用法比较：1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。
e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.他说他很忙，那是假的。
We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold.我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。
2) which用于介词后做宾语。
e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.窗户正对着海的房间很大。
The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.你坐的椅子是用钢做的。
3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。
e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。
A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。
That is only thing that I want to know.那是我唯一想知道的事情。
The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.你买的最后一本书是我想买的。
What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before?你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？2．定语从句的种类定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。
e.g.: They don’t like that person who is noisy.他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。
*非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。
e.g.: They don’t like that person, who is noisy.他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。
*限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。
它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。
语法及词汇练习1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A afterB withC byD from第 3 页共37 页2. There were no tickets __ for Friday’s performance.A preferableB considerableC possibleD available3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior toB Superior toC Prior toD Preferable to4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death.A ofB toC withD from5. It wasn't such a good dinner __ she had promised us.A thatB whichC asD what6. American women were __ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A ignoredB neglectedC refusedD denied7. They decided to chase the cow away __ it did more damage.A unlessB untilC beforeD although8. __ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A EachB AnyC EitherD One9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at __ chemist’s.A eachB someC anyD certain10. All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is neededB for our needsC the thing neededD that is needed11. __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When comparedB CompareC While comparingD Comparing12. After __ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewedB interviewedC interviewingD having interviewed13. __ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A That was from StephenB It was Stephen whomC It was from Stephen thatD It was Stephen thatA suitB setC oneD pair15. Many new __ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunitiesB necessitiesC realitiesD probabilities16. He must have had an accident, or he __ then.A would have been hereB had to be hereC should be hereD would be here17. You __ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A needn’t have doneB must not have doneC shouldn’t have doneD can not have done18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you __ it.A mustn’t have doneB wouldn’t have doneC mightn’t have doneD didn’t have to do19. It was essential that the applications forms __ back before the deadline.A must be sentB would be sentC be sentD were sent20. We __ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A just have hadB have just hadC just hadD had just had21. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __ I heard voices.A asB whileC afterD when22. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, __ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unlessB untilC whenD while23. It was essential that these application forms __ back as early as possible.A must be sentB will be sentC are sentD be sent24. The children went there to watch the iron tower __.A to erectB be erectedC erectingD being erected25. The engine __ smoke and steam.A gives upB gives inC gives awayD gives off26. The manager promised to keep me __ of how our business was going on.A to be informedB on informingC informedD informing27. The goals __ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after whichB for whichC with whichD at which28. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in allB above allC after allD over all29. __ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For nowB Now thatC Ever sinceD By now30. What you have done is __ the doctor’s orders.A attached toB responsible toC resistant toD contrary to译法：1．定语从句的前置合译法：On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。