中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年08月
中石油职称英语-词汇语法
中石油职称英语-词汇语法school.3.Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cup- they allmobile office and W APtechnology,people can do their work anywhere anytime.5.When you leave your officeattendmeetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine?’re going or how long you’re staying, keep reading! These tips will help you make the most of any urban adventure.7.If you’re not afraid to get lost, you’ll see more-and you’ll have a better time!thousands of dollars to spend on anything we desire. 9.While having some moneyhave anof money does not.double your salary.11.The wholewith little red hearts.12. After a while, a boy and a girl may decide13.Romantic loveis a part of American culture.14. Actually, love is a part ofevery culture,world happiness in a loving relationship. Maybe love does make the world go around.15. Althoughrecent years substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.16. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve furtherreductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile- is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas. liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.17. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.18.On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy fuel tanks- a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency-and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.19. it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol20. They are the principles on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family. They are the principles in which my father believed and by which he governed his life. They are the principles,many of them,which I learned at my mother's knee.21. There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation.23. You adapt to feedback from your listener.24. Of course,public speaking is also different from conversation.25. First,public speaking is more highly structured than conversation.26. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you.27. and concentrate on communicating with your audience.28. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message,which is sent by means of a particular channel.29. For any woman who has dreamed of "Knight in shining armor",the perfect man,or just a man who would give up the TV remote control,you have found him here.30. He is mainly occupied in merelyremoving the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarassed action of those about him,31. he can rocollect to whom he is speaking32. He has too much good sense to be affronted at insults,he is too well employed to remember injuries,and too indolent to bear malice.33. This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. 34. Since 1939,numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. cigarette smoking,is associated with shortened life expectancy.35. Some competent physicians and research workers-though their small number is decreased even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. 36. Apart from（=Besides）the scientific statistics,it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body.37. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels.38.Smokers also die much more often from heart disease.39. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking.40. Alberta is located in the western part of Canada and is the westernmost among the Prairie Provinces. To its west is British Columbia while to its east is Saskatchewan.41. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles,equivalent to 661,000 square kilometers,it is the fourth largest province in Canada.42. The people of Alberta originally came from many different countries.43. they were the only inhabitants in what isnow called Alberta.44. Even now,raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy.45. Alberta is also rich in forest resources,coal and oil.46. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province.47.Owing to its rich deposit in oil,petroleum industry has become one of the most important industries of the province48. The third largest city is Lethbridge,havinga population of about 67,000 persons.49. Alberta is located in the Mountain Standard Time Zone.50. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil?51. All owe their origin to the oil known as petroleum52. Scientists predict that the world's known oil resources will run out early in the next century. But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities. Can we afford to use so much of our limited petroleum supplies for private motoring?53. There is an old English saying,"Necessity is the mother of invention," which means that when you are faced with a need you will discover some way of fulfilling it.54. We are aware that at the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear55. but few of us probably ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath those pointed tips.56. The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae.57. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet.58. Most people have heard of the Tower of Babel story in the Bible.59. As English and German speakers constitute the majorities in several of the world's most economically,militarily,andtechnologically developed countries,it is important to be familiar with this particular language grouping.60.The Scandinavian languages of Danish,Icelandic,Norwegian,and Swedish comprise the North Germanic grouping. 61. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages account for a great deal ofthe world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to scienceand technology. Hardly an aspect of modern life does not benefit from thecontributions made by those using these languages,62. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft (non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day,from the equator to the Arctic.63. One of the odder coincidences of physical geography is the fact that there are two double islands, roughly the same size, positioned at each other's antipodes, or farthest-distant point.64. Given the beauty of these three islands,what makes South Island so special?65. With almost no heavy industry on South Island,the air,water,and land are all free of pollution.66. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the abundant rainfall of this area.67. No matter what is introduced into the media ecosystem, the oldest of the Big Media survives. Despite decades of doomsayers, newspapers prospered through radio, through TV and cable, through video games,68. I'm familiar with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in dictionaries.69. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and,perhaps more important,in the amounts dictated by the market.70. crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each.71. To prevent the occurrence of such asituation,the refinery must be flexible and able to change operations as needed.72. Speaking English fluently and accurately is a goal of many people studying English in China. Fluency can be simply defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying"73. So,how do balance accuracy and fluency in spoken English?74. But,if they make a lot of mistakes,they may find it difficult to get their ideas across.75. What kind of person are you-one who focuses on accuracy or one who focuses on frequency?76. If you have a problem with the third person singular,try to concentrate on when you make such errors.77. Spacecraft from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon,78. Were scientists right about what the moon would be like?79. The surface itself ranges from heat of 230℉to cold of minus 290℉,depending upon where the sun is.80. In spite of all we have learned from space flights,the moon is still a riddle from the distant past81. Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual.82. However,energy comes in many forms83. Our most important source of radiant energy is ,of course,the sun.Without it there would be no life,for plant life depends upon radiant energy-and we depend upon plant life.84. I never got around to seeing her much beyond family get-togethers and holidays. 85. She was surprised and suspicious,then,when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie. 86. When I pulled into her driveway,she was waiting by the door with her coat on.87. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.88. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side,89. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like.90. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old.91. The vast expanse of the United States of America stretches from the heavily industrialized,metropolitan Atlantic seaboard across the rich flat farms of the central plains 92. The entire nation (all 50 states) covers an area of 9 million square kilometers and has a population of 220 million people.93. The sparsely settled,far-northern state of Alaska is the largest of America's 50 states 94. It is more than two and a half times the size of Sichuan province,Texas,in the southern part of the country,is second in size. Texas is half the size of Alaska. 95. America's early settlers were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.96. Florida and California are famous for their citrus fruits and tropical avocados; 97. Underground,a wealth of minerals provides a solid base for American industry.98. Texas,a big oil-producer in the southwest,alone accounts for one-fifth the value of all U.S. mineral production.99.America has long been known as a "melting pot," for it is a nation of immigrants from all over the world. The first toarrive-from Siberia,more than 10,000 years ago,100.Tens of millions flooded to America's shores from Europe between 1880 and the First World War. The next largest group of Americans trace their ancestry to Africa,black people now constitute over 11 percent of the population.101. Once a nation of farmers,the United States has become increasingly urban sincethe turn of the last century. Today three out of four Americans live in towns,cities or suburbs.102. Americans are always on the move. Each year,one in every five Americans leaves home and job to find new ones somewhere else.103．Theyhis hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear.the blue water and was in the sun.105. Petroleum geology is the application ofchemistry,physics,and biology,involving the106. The application of chemistry to the studypetroleum geology.geophysical well logs through reservoirs.Knowledge of the chemistry of pore fluids can be used to predict where porosity may be destroyed by cementation,preserved in itsoriginal form,or enhanced by solution of minerals by formation waters.the diagenesis of the plant and animal tissues in sediments and the way in which the resultant organiccompound,kerogen,generates petroleum. ways,notably through the study of fossils (paleontology),and is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation.some nongeologists,believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to findpetroleum and,scholarships for the bright and eager who can't afford to pay.111. After children marry,their parents do notmoney for the furniture.113. Parents owe their children some religious training.something.17,1959,at about 20 minutes beforeofYellowstone National Park began shaking violently.sound of huge boulders which began rolling mountain began shifting,we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake.the great weight pressing down on them,these layerstend to fold downward at weak spots,only the most delicate machine will record it.to have quakes then others.121. Life insurance is not really betting122. This system of trading services with123. The trouble was that the reward was notown food.insured,the company would have had to pay acertain amount of money to the parents.famous performers or athletes who have insured themselves against accidents.feared that his looks could be injured. If they were,he would not be able to make a livingwhich mankind is prone,limitations of time and space.your self-esteem.the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones,door for that young mother and her newbornbaby. I knew. I knew that I wanted to share the rest of my life with you.forget your face.thought we would burst.137. As we grew old together,T would tease met.much longer without you.140. Finding oil is like fishing in a pond.142. In labs like this around the world,bad bugs are undergoing the ultimatelifesaving therapeutic agents143. His third grade teacher wrote,"HisTitusville,Pennsylvania,is methane.90% of the literally thousands of differentbasic organic chemicals employed today arederived from these sources.149. The manufacture of chemicals from the various compound types to basic chemicalreactions15,1865,Abraham Lincoln lay dying in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house directly across the street from Ford's Theater 151. I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devoted all of three years to writing and rewriting a book entitled Lincoln the Unknown.letter. Never again did he ridicule anyone. 153. Theodore Roosevelt said that when he,asand look up at a large painting ofremember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. 157. One of the rules for being rich is toavoid frivolous temptations. That is easierand joyless life.158. Being able to save and accumulate159. The first auxiliary rule for becoming rich is to stay in school or,if out of school,go back to it.and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engine wasimportance.162. They think that the oil under the surface163. For there creatures to become oil,it wasbetween layers of rock for an enormous length of time.164. You know that your environment willsystems.166. A global firm's profits can varyand the currencies of the countries in which it operates.167. the bridge jobolder employees.personal selling, and publicity.techniques.demand at the consumer level.。
中石油托福词汇题
实用文档VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.(A) lived(B) died(C) hunted(D) fed2. Algae vary in their capacity to tolerate salinity changes.(A) desire(B) ability(C) effort(D) purpose3. Most classical music is recorded in studios where minimal extraneous sounds and distractions are likely to occur.(A) reliable(B) complementary(C) the loudest(D) the fewest4. Voted the most valuable player of the National League in 1949, baseball player Jackie Robinson also received a gold medal that year for his role in bettering race relations.(A) improving(B) discussing(C) evaluating(D) bartering5. Although great strides in agricultural technology have resulted in massive production increases, weather remains an important limitation.(A) abrupt(B) enormous(C) long-term(D) overdue6. The American dancer Loie Fuller used perfume to create special effects during her performances.(A) dim lights(B) strange music(C) darkness(D) scent7. The circulatory system helps dispose of wastes that would harm the body if they accumulated.(A) catch up with(B) bear up under(C) get rid of(D) run out of8. The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduces in the 1950's.(A) discreetly(B) consistently(C) automatically(D) disproportionately9. In 1896 George Washington Carver became director of the Department of Agricultural Research at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, a position he retained for the rest of his life.(A) expanded(B) managed(C) cherished(D) kept10. Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.(A) finally(B) accidentally(C) experimentally(D) opportunely11. Lamp filaments are made from tungsten, a strong metal that can hold up under high temperatures without melting.(A) reduce(B) withstand(C) illuminate(D) reflect12. The junior college has become a significant component in the expansion of educational opportunities in the United States since the Second World War.(A) force(B) element(C) concept(D) academy13. During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.(A) sleep lightly(B) lose fur(C) go hungry(D) have babies14. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can cause cancer if inhaled.(A) picked up(B) taken indoors(C) breathed in(D) eaten up15. Known as "The First Lady of Song." Ella Fitzgerald got her start as a professional singer when she won a contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in 1934.(A) an award(B) an argument(C) a competition(D) a contract16. Chromium is a comparatively scarce element, occurring in nature only in compounds.(A) complex(B) strong(C) hard(D) rare17. Many photographers prefer to take pictures at twilight, when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.(A) at dusk(B) at noon(C) in the spring(D) in the fall18. The climate of the Middle Atlantic region of the United States varies with the altitude and land surface.(A) ocean waves(B) humidity(C) wind direction(D) elevation19. Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred on the outskirts of existing metropolitan areas.(A) in the counties(B) on the edges(C) on the streets(D) at the intersections20. A recent study concluded that unstable weather patterns may cause migraine headaches.(A) unforeseen(B) variable(C) violent(D) unusual21. Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Indianapolis 500, the most prestigious automobile race in the United States.(A) fastest(B) wealthiest(C) most honored(D) most dangerous22. Logrolling is a sport in which contestants perform various maneuvers while treading on a floating log.(A) speeches(B) duties(C) marches(D) moves23. The reproductive potential of aphids is unmatched in the insect world.(A) unqualified(B) unrecognized(C) underestimated(D) unequaled24. The boom in silver production after 1860 spurred the use of innovative machinery in crafting silver flatware and vessels.(A) stimulated(B) allowed(C) required(D) accompanied25. Barbara Reed, a probation officer in Ohio, tried to climinate overly sweet foods from probationers’ diets in order to temper their antisocial behavior.(A) explain(B) moderate(C) do away with(D) learn about26. If roundworms are removed from the soil and placed in a liquid, they thrash helplessly around.(A) carelessly(B) tirelessly(C) powerlessly(D) heartlessly27. H.L.Mencken's sardonic prose left an indelible mark on the English language.(A) an unrivaled(B) an unmistakable(C) a pretentious(D) a permanent28. In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insightthrough the use of such devices as questionnaires.(A) access(B) credibility(C) publicity(D) understanding29. After his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of the South to work for national harmony.(A) warned(B) urged(C) commanded(D) recruited30. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality.(A) especially(B) actually(C) mainly(D) alwaysVOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. In addition to being organs of hearing our ears assist us in maintaining our sense of balance.(A) Without(B) Instead of(C) Besides(D) In contrast to2. British Columbia's first gold rush was followed directly by the discovery of gold in eastern Canada.(A) secretly(B) importantly(C) smoothly(D) immediately3. The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Carver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of commercial uses for crops such as the peanut.(A) restored(B) stabilized(C) helped(D) changed4. Although best known for his political writing, reformer W. E. B.Du Bois also produced noteworthy fiction and poetry.(A) musical(B) unnoticed(C) extensive(D) significant5. The Mandan Indians lived beside the Missouri River where they cultivated fields of beans, corn, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco.(A) surveyed(B) farmed(C) irrigated(D) discovered6. Copper is commonly alloyed with zinc to make brass.(A) mixed(B) beaten(C) layered(D) heated7. Colorful parades were commonly organized on the frontier to display newly arrived merchandise.(A) cavalry mops(B) objects for sale(C) immigrants to the West(D) circus shows8. Europeans established permanent colonies on the eastern shores of what is now the United States t hroughout the seventeenth century.(A)during(B) before(C) up until(D) just after9. The Atlantic trade winds and the belt of calms between them shift northward and southward with the seasons.(A) intensify(B) twist(C) move(D) rush10. Eudora Welty's stories deal with life in the rural South.(A) criticize(B) elevate(C) concern(D) ridicule11. Boston owes some of its economic success to its outstanding public transportation network.(A) busy(B) scenic(C) remarkable(D) gigantic12. In 1973 Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 50,100-word novel Gadsby without once using the letter "e"(A) simply(B) ever(C) at once(D) at first13. Caused by an ascorbic acid deficiency, scurvy was a serious humana affliction until fairly recent times(A) attribute(B) notion(C) situation(D) problem14. Because light travels more quickly than sound, a rumble of thunder never precedes a bolt of lightning.(A) follows(B) accompanies(C) brings about(D) comes before15. Inuits depend mainly on fishing and hunting for their sustenance.(A) training(B) luxuries(C) recreation(D) livelihood16. Long acclaimed as one of the world's leading sopranos. Beverly Sills retired from her singing career to become artistic directorof the New York City Opera.(A) principal(B) versatile(C) imposing(D) demanding17. Under proper conditions an iceboat can actually travel faster than the presuming breech.(A) suitable(B) unlikely(C) various(D) windy18. Swallows nest in barns, sheds, chunneys and other secluded places.(A) isolated(B) high(C) comfortable(D) rural19. The harpsichord, developed during the Middle Ages, was one of the forerunners of the piano.(A) competitors(B) imitators(C) predecessors(D) offspring20. Geneticist Barbara McClintock discovered that genes, which prescribe the function of cells in plants and animals, can move in unpredictable ways.(A) inhibit(B) mimic(C) alter(D) dictate21. Artists of the school of New Realism deliberately avoid expressing what they feel or think about the subject of their paintings.(A) subtly(B) actually(C) consistently(D) intentionally22. Citizens of foreign countries who hold certificates of deposit in Canadian banks are responsible for paying the Canadian government a tax on their investment earnings.(A) revenue(B) commission(C) product(D) banking23. In the Nothern Hemisphere, summer days are considerably longer than winter days.(A) above all(B) very much(C) in a way(D) on the whole24. In the 1400's artists often created their own pigments by pulverizing semiprecious stones.(A) washing color from(B)making a powder of(C) imitating colors of(D) brushing dust from25. The genetic material DNA contains coded information for the synthesis of proteins.(A) analysis(B) formation(C) absorption(D) functioning26. Cosmologists are more concerned with the origin and evolution of the universe than with the composition of the planets and stars.(A) interaction(B) background(C) outlook(D) make-up27. Gorillas build make-shift-hit nests each night after a day of foraging for leaves and beetles.(A) erode temporary(B) wide strong(C) skillfully camouflaged(D) individually tailored28. Until about A. D. 1400 iron was invariably smelted by the direct or bloomery process.(A) cheaply(B) rapidly(C) always(D) seldom29. For centuries before the first astronomers' probings, the Sun had been viewed only as a deity and was therefore not often the subject of scientific study.(A) a satellite(B) a god(C) an illusion(D) a planet30. Most of the great mountain systems now in existence developed fairly late in geologic history.(A) equally(B) somewhat(C) decidedly(D) altogether。
中国石油托福考试试题
中国石油托福考试试题一、听力部分1. 问题：What is the main topic of the lecture?答案：The lecture is mainly about the exploration and extraction techniques of shale gas.2. 问题：Why does the professor mention the term "fracking"?答案：To illustrate the process used to extract oil and gas from rock formations.二、阅读部分3. 问题：According to the passage, what is one advantage of offshore drilling?答案：It can access large deposits of oil that are not accessible from land.4. 问题：What is the author's attitude towards renewable energy sources?答案：The author is supportive and believes they are a key to a sustainable future.三、语法部分5. 问题：Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence: "By the year 2030, scientists predict that solar power will have _______ oil as the primary energy source."答案：replaced6. 问题：Identify the error in the following sentence: "Petroleum isa natural resource that is used for fuels, lubricants, and for making plastics."答案：No error (the sentence is correct).四、口语部分7. 问题：Talk about a technology that has had a significant impact on the oil industry. Include reasons and examples to support your response.答案：Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has revolutionized the oil industry by allowing access to previously unavailable oil and gas deposits. This technology has increased production and contributed to energy independence in many countries.五、写作部分8. 问题：Write a paragraph about the environmental impacts of oil drilling.答案：Oil drilling has significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, water pollution, and contribution to climate change. To mitigate these effects, strict regulations and advanced technologies are necessary.9. 问题：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "The world should completely stop using fossil fuels in the near future." Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.答案：(This requires a personal opinion, but here's a sample response for the agree perspective:) I agree that the world should transition away from fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are becoming more efficient and affordable, and they do not have the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuels.10. 问题：Summarize the main points of the lecture on the history of the oil industry.答案：The lecture traced the history of the oil industry from its inception in the 19th century to the modern era. Key points included the discovery of major oil fields, the development of new extraction technologies, and the impact of oil on global politics and the environment.。
中石油职称英语考试大纲短语、搭配
a matter of 大约，大概a variety of 多种的about to 附近，大约，转向，左右，在附近，关于，在…周围，忙于absent from 缺席according as 根据，取决于according to 根据…所说，随着…而作（相应地）变更account for 解释，是…原因，总计，说出用途adapt oneself to 适应于，（使自己）习惯add up to 合计达agree on 对…达成协议，对…一致意见agree with 同意，适合ahead of 在…前面aim at 瞄准，针对all at once 突然all but 几乎，差一点all of a sudden 突然all over 全部结束，到处，浑身，十分像（口语）all over again 重新，再一遍all the same 仍然all the time 始终allow for 考虑到，体谅along with 连同…一起，随同…一起and so forth 等等and then 于是，然后and yet 可是answer for 负责，保证，符合anything but 绝不apart from 远离，除…之外appeal to 呼吁，要求，诉诸，上诉，有吸引力apply to 将…应用于approve of 赞成，满意as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 结果as a result of 做为结果as far as 远到，直到，至于as for 至于as good as 和…一样，实际上相当于…as long as 只要，在…事后as regards 关于，至于as to 关于，至于as well 倒不如，还是…的好as yet 至今aside from 除…之外ask after 探问，问候ask for 请求，寻找at a loss 困惑，亏本地at all costs=at any costs不惜任何代价，无论如何at all events 无论如何at all time 一直at a time 每次，在某时at any moment 随时at any rate 无论如何，至少at best 最多at first sight 咋一看at hand 在手边，在附近，即将到来at heart 在内心里at intervals(of) 不时，相隔一段时间at large 未被捕，详尽，普遍at length 最后，详细的at most 至多at no time 绝不at one’s disposal 由某人做主，听某人之便，受其管理，由其支配at one time 同时，曾经at present 现在目前at random 胡乱地，随便地at the cost of 以…为代价at the mercy of 受…支配at the moment 此刻at the risk of 冒…的危险at the same time 同时，但是at this rate 照此情形，如此下去at times 有时，不时attach to使依恋，把…放在attribute to 归因于back of 在…后边back up 基于be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于be attached to 附属于，喜爱be bound to 一定要…be composed of 由…组成be concerned with参与，干预be fit for 适合于be known as 被认为是be obliged to 不得不bear in mind 记住before long 不久以后begin with 首先beyond question 无可争辩blow out 吹熄，爆裂break away 突然离开，脱离，放弃，（运动中）反攻为守break down毁掉，制服，压倒，停顿，倒塌，中止，垮掉，分解break in 训练，使合用，闯入，打断，开始工作break into 破门而入，侵占break off 中断，折断，突然停止，脱落，暂停，断绝，解除break out 突发，爆发，叫嚷，使做准备，取出，倒空，（口）把…备好待用break through 突围，突破break up 打碎，破碎，分裂，结束，衰落，分解，变坏，驱散bring about 使发生，致使bring back拿回来，使回忆起来，使恢复bring down 打到，击落，打死，降低bring forth 提出，出示，展示bring forward 提出，提前，显示bring into 使开始bring into effect 实施，实现bring into operation 实施，实行bring out 使显示，出版，生产，说出bring up 教育，培养，提出，（军队等）调上来，（船）抵达目的地build up 树立增进增大阻塞burn down 烧为平地，火力减弱burn out 烧坏烧掉烧尽burn up 烧起来烧掉发怒burst out 闯出来大声喊突发but for 要不是by accident 偶然by air 通过航空by all means尽一切办法一定by analogy用类推的方法by and by 不久以后by chance 偶然意外地by comparison 比较起来by itself 单独地独立地自动地by mean of 依靠by mistake 错误地by no means 绝不by oneself 单独独立by reason of 由于因为by virtue of 依靠，由于by way of 经由作为为了call for 要求提倡为…叫喊为…叫call forth 使产生引起使起作用call off 叫走放弃使转移走依次叫名call on 号召呼吁邀请访问指派call up 召唤使想起提出打电话给care for 关怀照顾愿意计较carry into practice 实行实现carry off 夺取…生命获得成功对付carry through 进行贯彻维持catch fire 着火catch one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸catch sight of 瞥见catch up with 赶上逮捕处罚check in 登记报到check out 付账后离开检验合格及格check up 核对检验clear away 清除消失clear up 整理消除放晴come across 遇到come into effect 开始生效come into force 开始有效开始实行come into operation 开始工作开始运转生效come off 离开举行实现成为come on 突然产生要求成为…负担偶遇跟着来开始出台上演快点赶快come out 出来长出传出褪去被展出被解出露出罢工come round来前来绕道而来苏醒转变come through 经历脱险传出捐助come to one’s senses苏醒过来醒悟come ture实现达到come up走近上来发芽流行发生被提出上升讨论出现come up against碰到遭遇come up to达到符合比得上等于come up with赶上提出拿出consist in存在于consist of由…组成count on依靠指望count up把…加起来cut across掩盖cut back修剪消减急忙返回倒叙cut down砍倒胜过消减删节cut in插嘴插入把…插进cut off切断断绝剥夺继承权cut out切掉裁剪出取代停止cut short打断缩减date back to从…时就有，回溯到，远在…（年代）date from起始于溯源到deal in经营derive from得自由来衍生die down变弱逐渐停止渐渐消失die off相继死去die out灭绝逐渐消失differ from不同do away with废除弄死do good做好事有益于do without免除不用double up把…对折弯曲同享合住draw in收引诱接近黄昏缩进开支draw on戴上吸收利用引诱向…提取招来临近draw up草拟停住逼近追上整队dress up盛装打扮装饰伪装drop by随便访问drop in顺便走访顺便进入drop off离开散去逐渐减少死去drop out不参与离去放弃engage in使从事于，参加enjoy oneself过得快乐equal to等于胜任even if即使even then尽管那样即使在那时ever since从那时到现在ever so非常every now and then常常不时地every other每隔所有其他except for除…以外face up to勇敢地面对fall back on求助于退到回头再说fall behind落在…的后面拖欠fall in love with爱上fall in with偶遇同意fall out争吵吵架闹翻解散离队fall through失败成为泡影far from远离远非远不完全不非但不feel like意欲摸上去如同figure out合计为计算出解决断定领会到fill in填充填写填满代替fill out填写使长大变大fill up填补装满淤积find fault挑剔for a while暂时for all尽管for good永久地一劳永逸地for long长久for the moment暂时目前for the present暂时for the purpose of为了for the sake of为了for the time being暂时free from解除没有…的free of无…的在…外面摆脱…的gain an advantage over胜过由于get across（使）越过通过被理解get along生活融洽相处进展有起色get at到达够得着了解指责get away逃脱离开把…送走get by通过混过get down下来吞下写下使沮丧get hold of抓住得到get in进入到达收获插入陷入get into进入陷入穿上get off下来脱下出发被容忍动身开始get on过活融洽相处进展(使)前进（口）发迹进展get on to靠近接近识破理解明白过来get on with继续做get out of从…之中获得…避免使说出get over爬过克服熬过恢复原谅get the best of胜过…对…占优势get the better of打败智胜get through到达做完通过度过打通give away送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步陷下give back归还恢复后退反射（声光）give in投降屈服让步交上宣布give off发出（蒸汽光）长出（枝杈）give out分发发出（气味热）发表用尽筋疲力尽give rise to引起使发生give way撤退让路退让垮掉倒塌屈服go after追逐追求go ahead前进go along with一起去赞同附和go around走来走去供应go back on背弃go by（从…旁）走过依照顺便走访go down下去下沉坠落下降平静下来被咽下被接受传下去go for去找努力获取被认为主张拥护go in for参加追求从事赞成go into进入加入探究变得go into effect生效go into operation生效开始工作go off离开去世消失睡去爆炸被发射进行变质go on继续下去过去发生依靠接近进行依据go out出去熄灭过时罢工向往辞职倒塌go over（渡过…）转变，（对…进行）仔细检查，调色，复习go through经历经受仔细检查用完被通过参加搜查履行go up上升增长被兴建起来go with伴随与…相配和（异性）交朋友go wrong走错路误入歧途（机器等）发生故障hand down传下来宣布hand in hand手拉手联合hand on传递上去hand out把…拿出来分发施舍hand over移交hang about闲荡hang on坚持不挂断靠着渴望有赖于hang on to紧紧握住hang out挂出hang up挂断拖延把…挂起来hardly any几乎没有hardly before一…就…hardly when一…就…have access可以使用可以得到可以接近have an advantage over胜过优于have got拥有have got to do必须做have in mind思念存心have nothing to do with与…无关have something to do with与…有点关系have to do with与…有关head for出发动身前往head on迎面地heart and soul全心全意地help oneself自用hold back踌躇阻止抑制隐瞒hold on继续不挂断停止hold on to坚持hold out伸出提供维持阻止制止(口)扣留声称hold up举起支撑继续下去阻挡拦截if only只要improve on改进improve upon对…加以改进做出比…更好的东西in a hurry匆忙轻易地in a moment立刻in a sense在某种程度上稍稍in accordance with与…一致依照in addition另外in addition to除…之外in advance预先in all总共in any case无论如何in any event无论如何in brief简单扼要地in bulk散装大批in case of假设万一in common共有in concert一致一齐in conclusion最后总之in connection with与…有关连同in consequence 结果in consequence of由于…得缘故in contrast to和…形成对比in contrast with和…形成对比in debt负债in detail详细地in effect有效in essence本质上大体上其实in excess of超过较…多in favour of为…而征战参加支持…的活动in force大量已生效in hand在手上在进行中掌握住in honour of为纪念为庆祝in itself本质上完全地in light of按照根据in line成一条直线一致协调有秩序in line with符合in memory of纪念追念in nature实际上本质上in need of需要in no case绝不in no time 立刻in no way绝不in order整齐状况良好适宜in other words换句话说in part部分地in person亲自外貌上in place在适当的位置适当in place of代替in practice在实践中实际上熟练in proportion to与…成比例in public当众公开地公然地in question正被讨论有疑问in relation to关于涉及与…相比in respect of关于in return作为报答in return for作为…的报答in sequence顺次逐一in short简而言之in sight被看到in step不管in sum步调一致in tears流着泪in the course of在…期间in the distance在远处in the event of如果…发生in the face of面对in the first place首先in the last place最后in the least丝毫一点in the light of按照根据当做in the long run最后in the name of以…名义凭…in the past在过去in the way of关于…方面in the world世界上究竟in total整个地in touch在…能达到的地方在…附近可以接近的可以做到的in truth事实上实在in vain徒然in view在看得见的地方被考虑被期待inasmuch as由于因为independent of不依赖于…独立于…inform of通知告诉just now刚刚keep an eye on照看密切注视keep back阻止隐瞒留下keep down卧下镇压控制缩减保留keep from阻止隐瞒抑制keep in mind记住keep off让开不接近keep one’s head保持冷静keep one’s word守信keep pace with并驾齐驱keep to遵循keep up不低落维持继续knock down 击倒拆卸拍卖出knock out敲空击倒打破破坏使筋疲力尽know of知道有lack of缺乏短缺的东西laugh at嘲笑漠视因…发笑laugh off一笑置之lay aside搁置积蓄lay down放下放弃lay off解雇停止工作休息划出lay out摆开展示布置安排投资lead the way带路示范leak out导致通向lean on靠着learn by hear记住tleave alone不管leave behind留下遗留超过leave off停止不再穿leave out省去遗漏不考虑lend itself to有助于let alone更不用说let down放下使失望辜负松劲减速下降let go放开释放发射let off放出饶恕准许…暂停工作let out放掉泄露放大出租lie in睡懒觉待产line up整队排列起little by little渐渐live by以…为生live on继续生活以…为主食靠…生活live through度过经受过live up to实践做到long before很早以前look after目送寻求照顾关心look back回顾倒退追忆look at看考虑着眼于look down on轻视看不起蔑视look down upon蔑视瞧不起look for寻找期待look forward to期望期待盼望look in看望顺道访问look like像…似…外表特征是look on观看面向旁观看待look out面朝留神照料look over从…上面看察看检查原谅调查从上面看过去look through看穿审核浏览温习从…中显露look up向上看尊敬仰望查寻拜访好转lose heart丧失勇气lose one’s head被砍头不知所措lose one’s temper发脾气lose sight of不再看见忽略忘记major in主修make a difference紧要有差别make certain确定make for走向有利于倾向于导致向前进make friends with与…交友和睦make fun of取笑make one’s way一路前进向前make out书写填写拼凑进展说明设法应付理解辨认出了解make sense 有意义make sure确定确信证实make the best of充分利用尽力而为make the most of尽量利用充分利用make up弥补虚构缝制整理包装和解编辑化妆补足拼凑make up for补偿make up one’s mind下决心接受承认决定make use of使用利用make way前进让路mark out规划使注定要may as well最好mix up混合混淆调好next door隔壁next to靠紧…旁边次于（口）几乎no less than正如不少于no matter what无论何事no more不再no more than只是no other than只有正是no sooner than一…就…no wonder不足为奇的not at all一点也不not nearly远非not to mention不必提及nothing but只是now and then偶尔now that既然object to反对occur to想起想到off and on断断续续的off duty下班on a large scale大规模地on account of由于on an average平均起来on behalf of代表…为了…的利益on board到船上在船上on business因公on condition that如果on duty值班上班on earth在世上究竟on end竖着连续地on fire起火非常激动on foot走路on guard在岗警惕on hand在手头即将发生在场on occasion有时on one’s guard警惕on one’s own独自地独立地主动地on purpose故意on sale代售的拍卖的on schedule按时on second thoughts进一步考虑后on show被展出on the average平均按平均计算一般地说on the basis of以…为基础on the ground of以…为理由on the point of正要…的时候on the road在旅途中on the side of站在…一边赞助on the spot当场在危险中处于负责地位on the whole大体上基本上on trial在试验中在受审once for all只此一次once and for all断然地坚决地once in a while偶尔once more再一次once upon a time从前one after another一个又一个地one another彼此相互or else否则or so大约other than不同于除了out of breath上气不接下气out of control不受控制out of date过时的废弃的out of door在户外露天out of order次序颠倒不整齐状态不好out of place不在适当的位置不合适out of practice荒疏久不习练out of sight在看不见的地方out of the question不可能over and over again反复再三owing to由于因…缘故pass away去世pass on去世传递pay back偿还报答报复pay for偿还赔偿pay up全部付清pick out挑选pick up掘地捡起获得恢复原状加快看到识别出加速piece together拼凑play a part扮演一个角色参与装腔骗人prior to在前居先provide for作准备供养规定provide with给…提供以…装备pull down摧毁推翻使降低使身体变差使下跌使萎靡领取pull in进站靠岸pull off脱努力实现赢得pull on穿戴继续拉pull out拔出离开渡过难关恢复健康pull up拔起停下阻止put across圆满完成使被接受put aside撇开存储…备用put away放好存储…备用处理掉放弃抛弃put down放下拒绝镇压羞辱消减记下制止取缔put forward放出拿出提出推举出put in放进提出提交插入进入使就职种植进港put in for申请put into effect实行实施使生效实现put into operation使生效put off推迟拖延搪塞使分心使厌恶扔掉脱掉劝阻put on穿上把…放在上面装出假装增加欺骗添上（使）靠…维持生命put out放出伸出生产消除打扰麻烦作出努力使退场put to use使用利用put up举起抬起进行提供表现出建造提名推举put up with忍受容忍quite a few相当多的rather than胜于refer to查阅提到谈到打听relative to相对于remind of提醒是记起result from由…产生result in导致right away立刻ring off挂断电话停止谈话走掉离开ring up把（款项）记入现金记录机打电话给某人登录round about周围向相反方向迂回地大约run away with带…潜逃获得消耗轻易接受失控run down跑下耗尽停止撞到（经过搜索后）找到追捕到追溯逐渐恶化run into跑进撞上偶遇陷入达到run out of用完run over跑过去溢出超过限度匆匆看碾过扼要复述放完run through跑着穿过刺戳贯穿匆匆处理划掉挥霍see about查询留意于see off送行see through看穿识破see to负责注意send for召唤派人去拿send in递送呈报send off寄出派遣解雇给…送行serve for充当用作set about开始散布攻击着手set apart使分离使分开留出时间金钱等set aside留出不顾取消驳回set back阻碍使受挫折把（指针）往回拨使退步花费set down放下使下车使着陆登记把…归于击败把…看作记下放下制定set fire to纵火烧set forth阐明宣布提出陈列出发把（会议等）提前动身set free释放set off出发动身使爆炸引起使爆发衬托set out出发开始装饰陈列测定宣布移植陈述启程set up设立竖立架起升起装配创（记录）提出开业settle down定居平静下来专心于shake off抖落摆脱short of缺乏达不到除…以外只要没有show up揭露露出露面shut down把窗子等放下关下使机器关闭停车shut up关闭关上…全部门窗监禁住口保藏side by side并排并肩sit for坐着slow down使慢下来slow up使慢下来so as只要so far迄今为止so far as只要so long as只要sooner or later迟早spring up跳起来stand against抵抗stand by支持遵守袖手旁观准备行动stand for代表代替象征支持做…的候选人stand out站起来突出坚持抵抗stand up站起来竖立站得住脚坚持经得起拥护抵抗stand up for支持stand up to勇敢地抵抗step up走近逐步增加提升提高stick out伸出stick to黏住stir up激起鼓动煽动subject to使服从使遭受suffer from忍受遭受sum up计算…的总数概括总结switch off切断switch on接通take s chance冒险take a delight in喜爱以…为乐take advantage of利用take after像学样take apart拆开粗暴对待剖析take away取走take charge of负责看管take delight in乐于take down拿下记下拆卸病倒take effect见效生效take for认为以为take in接受接待吸收理解包括轻信注意到欺骗take into account重视考虑take off拿掉取消脱衣起飞减弱离开岔开复制take on披上呈现具有雇佣承担盛气凌人接纳流行take one’s time从容不迫take out拿出取出去掉出发取得扣除抵充发泄take over把…从一地带到另一地接收接管take pains尽力耐心take shape成形形成具体化有显著发展take the place of代替take to开始喜欢沉溺于走向照料求助于适应take turns轮流一次take up拿起开始从事继续吸收责备拘留占据认购talk over详尽地商议商量讨论说服tear up撕碎thanks to由于the moment立刻马上刚才the same as与…同样的think better of重新考虑决定不做较高评价think of考虑关心想起想象有…的看法think of as把…看作think over仔细考虑重新考虑throw away扔掉丢弃throw up呕吐猛地举起放弃产生使显眼to and for来回地往返地to the point中肯扼要touch on略微谈到try out试验考验提炼tune in收听收看turn down拒绝把…调低关小turn in向内拐上床睡觉上缴出卖告发做出取得turn off关掉避开使转变方向生产制造用车床加工出使厌烦变成turn on开启变得兴奋突然装出开始turn overturn out打扫驱逐使外倾生产起床翻出制造关掉turn to转向变成求助于致力于开始行动turn up找到发现出现折起拐入卷起使仰卧突然发生under control被控制住under the circumstances在这种情况下因为这种情况under way进行中在进行up to一直到等于up to date最近的最新的use up用完耗尽wait on服侍招待拜访焦急地等待warm up热身加热变暖感到亲切激动warn of警告某人关于某事wash up洗餐具watch out密切注视当心提放wear off逐渐减弱消失磨损耗损wear out消瘦穿破用坏克服消磨疲劳wind up卷起卷拢上紧…的发条结束使振奋使紧张wipe out消灭垮台（滑雪时）翻到电信封闭with regard to关于with respect to关于至于with the exception of除…以外with the purpose of以…为目的without question毫无疑问without exception毫无例外地一律word for word逐字地work on继续工作设法说服影响work out可以解决设计出做出计算出消耗完worthy of值得的应得的write off一口气写成的写信寄出注销勾销取消。
中石油模拟托福应试精讲50页PPT
1、不要轻言放弃ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ否则对不起自己。
2、要冒一次险!整个生命就是一场冒险。走得最远的人，常是愿意 去做，并愿意去冒险的人。“稳妥”之船，从未能从岸边走远。-戴尔．卡耐基。
梦 境
3、人生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡，喝起来是苦涩的，回味起来却有 久久不会退去的余香。
中石油模拟托福应试精讲 4、守业的最好办法就是不断的发展。 5、当爱不能完美，我宁愿选择无悔，不管来生多么美丽，我不愿失 去今生对你的记忆，我不求天长地久的美景，我只要生生世世的轮 回里有你。
46、我们若已接受最坏的，就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功，谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特
历年TOEFL考试经典语法错题及答案
收集易错语法题及答案1989年01月语法题 (2)1989年05月语法题 (3)1989年08月语法题 (5)1989年10月语法题 (6)1990年01月语法题 (7)1990年05月语法题 (7)1990年08月语法题 (8)1990年10月语法题 (9)1991年1月语法题 (10)1991年5月语法题 (10)1991年10月语法题 (12)1992年01月语法题 (12)1992年05月语法题 (12)1992年08月语法题 (13)1992年10月语法题 (14)1993年01月语法题 (14)1993年05月语法题 (15)1993年08月语法题 (15)1993年10月语法题 (16)2000年01月语法题 (17)2000年05月语法题 (17)2000年08月语法题 (18)2000年10月语法题 (19)2001年01月语法题 (20)2001年05月语法题 (21)2001年08月语法题 (22)2001年10月语法题 (26)2002年01月语法题 (26)2002年05月语法题 (27)2002年10月语法题 (28)2002年08月语法题 (28)2002年09月语法题 (29)2003年01月语法题 (29)2003年08月语法题 (30)2004年01月语法题 (31)1989年01月语法题12. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; __________future events.(A) even influencing(B) it may even influence(C) may even influence(D) that it may even influence14. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________roundshape into a teardrop shape.(A) of the drop(B) the drop’s(C) drop of(D) drops their15.__________modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting topersonalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.(A) If(B) But(C) With(D) Once16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, whenFrances Perkins became secretary of labor.23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.28. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for theAmerican Revolutionary War.lchemists.31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.39. The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.1989年05月语法题libel is printed while slander is spoken,libel文字中伤是写的，诽谤是说出来的。
中石油模拟托福应试精讲PPT文档50页
31、别人笑我太疯癫，我笑他人看不 穿。(名 言网) 32、我不想听失意者的哭泣，抱怨者 的牢骚 ，这是 羊群中 的瘟疫 ，我不 能被它 传染。 我要尽 量避免 绝望， 辛勤耕 耘，忍 受苦楚 。我一 试再试 ，争取 每天的 成功， 避免以 失败收 常在别 人停滞 不前时 ，我继 续拼搏 。
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间，才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育； 而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔Байду номын сангаас
33、如果惧怕前面跌宕的山岩，生命 就永远 只能是 死水一 潭。 34、当你眼泪忍不住要流出来的时候 ，睁大 眼睛， 千万别 眨眼!你会看到 世界由 清晰变 模糊的 全过程 ，心会 在你泪 水落下 的那一 刻变得 清澈明 晰。盐 。注定 要融化 的，也 许是用 眼泪的 方式。
35、不要以为自己成功一次就可以了 ，也不 要以为 过去的 光荣可 以被永 远肯定 。
44、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
托福写作中石油英语900句【附音频】
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福写作中石油英语900句【附音频】摘要：谁告诉我怎样传附件，我怎么上传不了附件？如果谁需要的话，在下面留联系方式，我直接给你发过来。
刚搜了一下怎样上传附件，但是没看懂，好像要分卷，还挺复杂的，嘿嘿。
在托福写作过程中，我们往往会背诵一些在托福写作过程中会用到的托福写作模板，完整版内容我们在接下来的托福考试过程中会陆续为大家介绍更多优秀的范文，希望对大家会有一定的帮助。
托福写作中石油英语900句【附音频】：7、Spare no effort to +动词原形(不遗余力地)例如：Government should spare no effort to make available to all students free education up to secondary school.政府应该不遗余力地让所有学生都能接受免费的中小学教育。
There be 句型：8、There is no denying that+主语+谓语…(不可否认……)例如：There is no denying that increasing the price of oil will benefit energy conservation. 不可否认，提高油价将有利于能源节约。
9、There is no doubt that+句子 (毫无疑问……)例如：There is no doubt that the evidence for human-induced climate change is irrefutable.10、There is no panacea for… (……没有万灵药) 例如：There is no panacea for alleviation of traffic jam.11、There is no substitute for… (……无可取代)例如：There is no substitute for knowledge gained from experience. It is 句型：12、It is universally acknowledged that+句子(人人皆知……) 例如：① It is universally acknowledged that education, especially higher education, is a prerequisite for societal wellbeing and individual success. ② It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. (Pride and prejudice by Jane Austen)13、It is evident that…(很明显)例如：It is evident that certain people, from radically diverse backgrounds and with radically diverse interests, are quite prepared to acknowledge the validity of this claim.14、It is (high) time that +主语+谓语(使用虚拟语气，以过去式表示)((早)该是……的时候了) 例如：It is time that we evaluated the roles that technology plays in our lives from a more balanced perspective.该是我们从更加公正的角度来评价科技在我们的生活中所发挥的作用的时候了。
中石油职称英语部分句子解析
③We take English for granted. 我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切。
考点：take for granted：认为…理所当然④Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane．有时候我觉得根据英国人说话时疯狂的用词可以将他们送进精神病院。
考点：be committed to commit：托付，把…提交给固定短语 tod 必须是名词或动名词⑥You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language你不得不对这种精神病一样的语言表示惊奇，考点：marvel at：对…惊奇⑦That is why，when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible．这也是为什么当星星出来的时候，他们是看得见的，当阳光出来(out)的时候是看不见的。
考点：visible【看得见的】, invisible【看不见】⑧when I wind up my watch，I start it，but when I wind up this essay, I end it?我“处理”我的手表之后，它就开始(走)了；而我“处理”完这篇文章后，它却结束了。
②Put things back where you found them.（10语法）东西要放回原处；考点：地点状语从句④Think of what a better world it would be if we all——the whole world——had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap想一想，如果我们大家——全世界所有的人——每天下午3点左右都能够享受甜点和牛奶，然后盖上被单美美的睡上一小会儿；考点：虚拟语气①Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. 移动办公室是经济、科技、社会三者发展进步的共同产物。
中石油托福真题
2004年01月TOEFL真题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) She reads more slowly than the man does.(B) She has a 1ot of material to read before she has coffee.(C) The man does more work than is necessary.(D) The man seems to be taking a long time preparing for philosophy class.2. (A) The woman should have shown him the newspaper.(B) He thinks the woman will win the contest.(C) The woman's pictures are on top of the newspapers.(D) The new photograph does not look anything like her others.3. (A) Return his literature books to the bookstore.(B) Keep his books from the literature class.(C) Sell his literature books to the woman.(D) Visit the reference section of the library.4. (A) Give the secretary Janet's new address and phone number.(B) Ask Janet a question about his health.(C) Get information about Janet from the secretary.(D) Visit Janet at her new school.5. (A) She will help the man find the exhibit.(B) She has already seen the exhibit.(C) She will help the man read the map.(D) She knows where to get a map.6. (A) She is also planning to travel.(B) She already picked up money for the trip.(C) She has to study instead of traveling.(D) She thinks the man should take more money.7. (A) The woman should not get involved in the situation(B) The woman should not be angry with he friends.(C) He wants to talk to Sally and Mark.(D) He will explain to the woman what happened.8. (A) What travel plans Philip is making(B) How Philip s parents are going to travel(C) What Philip said(D) Where Philip heard the news9. (A) She will have to postpone her trip.(B) She has already gotten her passport application.(C) The passport office is closed.(D) She was late in applying for her passport.10. (A) He has not played tennis in a while.(B) He does not know how to play tennis.(C) His tennis racket is broken.(D) He needs to rest before he plays.11. (A) No one was interested in the discussion.(B) Politics is a sensitive topic.(C) The woman is not being serious.(D) People avoided discussing politics.12. (A) She already read the book.(B) She will not lend her book to the man.(C) The man can use her book whenever he likes.(D) The man does not need the book.13. (A) It is about to start raining.(B) The rain will stop soon.(C) It has been raining all day.(D) It just stopped raining.14. (A) She is not permitted to live off-campus this year.(B) She has been living off-campus for a year.(C) She is happy with her living arrangements.(D) She is required to move next year.15. (A) She misses her old roommate.(B)She changes roommates often.(C) She does not know Julie very well.(D) She did not really enjoy living with Julie.16. (A) Take a shorter route(B) Buy new sun glasses(C) Drive on a different road(D) Consider using Route 2717. (A) Give her ticket to the man(B) Borrow some jazz music from someone else(C) Go to the concert without the man(D) Help the man to complete his paper18. (A) Sullivan's has never been able to keep its chef.(B) The service at Sullivan's is dependable.(C) The quality of the cooking at Sullivan's is inconsistent.(D) Customers get a lot of personal attention at Sullivan's.19. (A) She thinks the wearier is pleasant.(B) She has been working hard in the lab.(C) She is not feeling very well today.(D) She has been staying up quite late recently.20. (A) The woman can wear it all winter.(B) The woman may have trouble paying for it.(C) It may not be warm enough.(D) It will not fit if the woman loses weight.21. (A) Introduce Michelle to the other reporters(B) Take Michelle home(C) Take a tour of the office(D) Start working at his desk22, (A) They should turn left when they see a stop sign.(B) He does not have the directions with him.(C) He does not see the stop sign yet(D) He does not know which way to turn.23. (A) Ho has not been to the new restaurant yet.(B) He would like to go to the new restaurant with the woman(C) The food at the new restaurant is not very good.(D) A restaurant 's atmosphere is very important to him24. (A) She is planning to drop the class.(B) She thinks the man wants to take the class.(C) She only has one class on Tuesdays and Thursdays.(D) She has to leave for class.25. (A) Ho does not feel very well.(B) He had several teeth filled.(C) The dentist gave him some medication.(D) The woman is mistaken.26. (A) Business courses have become popular(B) The school only offers business courses.(C) The business school has a new program.(D) The school has just started to offer business courses.27. (A) His alarm clock is broken.(B) He bas been late before.(C) He prefers to study early in the morning.(D) He worked in the lab last night.28. (A) He will lend the woman moneyto buy a computer.(B) The woman should wait a while before buying a computer.(C) The woman should find a better way to invest her savings.(D) The woman should buy a computer.29. (A) There are none left.(B) They are too expensive.(C) They might be available at the concert.(D) They need to be purchased in advance.30. (A) She will go to the restaurant with the man.(B) She will meet the man and his friends later in the evening.(C) She has already had dinner.(D) She will not change her original plans.31. (A) A famous photographer(B) Photographic processes in the 1800's(C) Photographic equipment used in the 1800's(D) A new museum32. (A) Her subjects home(B) Her subject's social status(C) Her subject's personality(D) Her subject 's role in history33. (A) Backlighting(B) Flashbulbs(C) Time-lapse photography(D) Soft focus34. (A) Children(B) Historical scenes(C) Well-known people(D) Landscapes35. (A) Which major the woman will be choosing(B) An anthropology course the woman is taking(C) How to find a job in publishing(D) Which anthropology professors the man recommends36.(A) It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be.(B)She would like her professor to explain it more clearly.(C) She took a class on it last semester.(D) Her professor will write a book on it soon.37. (A) lt might lead to a job in publishing.(B) It is being taught by a famous anthropologist.(C) It will help her with her courses overseas.(D) It will prepare her for future work in anthropology.38. (A)Her professor(B) A classmate(C) Her former boss(D) A foreign diplomat39. (A) So they can feel its weight(B) So they can examine its contents(C) So they can guess its age(D) So they can admire its beautiful color40. (A) How amber changes shape when heated(B) How clear amber is(C) How common is around the world(D) How easily amber can break41. (A) Tropical insects(B) Decayed leaves(C) Tree resin(D) Bird feathers42. (A) Its amber contains numerous fossils.(B) Its amber is the most durable.(C) Its amber is opaque.(D) It is the site of the oldest amber deposits.43. (A) Amber mined from the Appalachian Mountains(B) Amber with no imperfections(C) Amber containing organic material(D) Amber with no inclusions44. (A) The difficulties faced by the colonists(B) The skill of military heroes(C) The courage of one man(D) The cause of the Revolutionary War45. (A) He did not fight in the Revolution my War.(B) He did not really exist.(C) He was an important town leader.(D) He was not the only messenger.46. (A) It was well planned.(B) It was completed in a short time.(C) It was led by military commanders.(D) It helped him get elected to public office.47. (A)To explain how angles are measured(B) To prove that Mesopotamians did not know how to use square numbers(C) To discuss a mistaken historical interpretation(D) To explain why tablets are reliable historical records48. (A) They did not use square numbers.(B) They used complex measuring instruments.(C) They recorded math exercises on tablets.(D) They calculated the length of triangle sides.49. (A) Pictures of triangles(B) Calculations using square numbers(C) Measurements of angles(D) Greek symbols50. (A) They taught the Mesopotamians about square numbers.(B) They were less advanced in mathematics than the Mesopotamians.(C) They did not use square numbers.(D) They knew how to measure angles.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. The ancestors of the horse lived ..... and were about half a meter tall.(A) years ago 60 million(B) 60 million years ago(C) ago 60 million years(D) million years ago 602. The museum on Ellis Island, a former immigration station, contains documents andartifacts......to four centuries of United States immigration.(A) related them(B) related(C) related that(D) be related3. ......, particularly the oxides of sulfur, greatly increases the rate at which rust forms.(A) The presence of air pollutants(B) Air pollutants are present(C) Because the presence of air pollutants(D) Air pollutants whose presence4. The Sun, the Moon, and Earth have magnetic fields, and......evidence that the stellar that extend through vast regions galaxies have fields of space.(A) which is(B) is(C) because(D) There is5. The “confederation school”poets of nineteenth-century Canada were primarily nature poets,----- a wealth of eulogies to Canadian rural life.(A) and producing(B) who they produced(C) producing(D) whose production of6. Since prehistoric people first applied natural pigments to cave walls, ---- have painted toexpress themselves.(A) when artists(B) artists(C) artists who(D) that artists7. About 42 million bushels of oats are used annually --- manufacture of breakfast foods in die United States.(A) the(B) is the(C) in the(D) to8. Any acid can, in principle, neutralize any base, although .......between some of the more reactive compounds.(A) side reactions can occur(B) the occurrence of side reactions can(C) can side reactions occur(D) side reactions that can occur9. Just over two-thirds of Earth’s surface is covered by wafer, ...... more than 98 percent of this water is contained in the oceans.(A) with(B) which(C) and(D) resultingl0. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials .......to handle and to sort them.(A) that almost compel one(B) one compels(C) that compel almost(D) one is almost compelled11. In 1978 the united States National Air and Space Administration selected Sally Ride.......thefirst woman astronaut.(A) who being(B) to be(C) and being(D) was12. Adhesions are ....... formed within the body in response to inflammation or injury.(A) that thin bands of scar tissue(B) they thin bands of scar tissue when(C) thin bands of scar tissue(D) thin bands of scar tissue able to13. The planet Neptune is about 30 times ...... from the Sun as Earth is.(A) far(B) as far(C) more far(D) far that14. Not until the 1850's ...... a few public-spirited citizens and state legislatures seek to rescuehistoric buildings in the United States from destruction or alteration.(A) both(B) came(C) did(D) when15. ----- 200 bones forming the framework, or skeleton, of the human body.(A) Being over(B)There are over(C) Where over(D)Over16. The world's water balance is regulated by the constant circulation of water inA B CLiquid and vapor tom among the oceans, the atmospheric, and the land.D17. The major purpose of the United States Department of Education are to ensureAequal educational opportunity for all and to improve the quality of education.B C D18. Massive gains in computer speed, power, and reliably have been largely dueA B Cto advances in silicon technologies and manufacturing processes.D19. The sunflower, the official state flower of Kansas, and is widespread inA Bthe prairies of the western United States.C D20. Lake Superior, part of the United States-Canadian boundary, is a largestA B Cfreshwater lake in the world.D21. The snapper, a large-headed fish with a long dorsal fin, is named to itsA Bcharacteristic way of suddenly, shutting its mouth.C D22. The aim of the decorative arts is to beautiful our surroundings.A B C D23. Modern digital synthesizers, based on microprocessors, are virtually unlimitedA Bin the number and range of musical sounds it can produce.C D24. During the years he composed, Charles Ives was isolation from the music world;A Bnone of his major works was publicly performed.C D25. Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy that attempts to eliminate conflict by alter theA B Cpersonality in a positive way.D26. Globally, the 1990's stood out as the warmest decade for what we have weatherA B C Drecords.27. Silicon chips are reliable and cheap to produce in large numbers and areAused them in computers, calculators, programmed household appliances, andB Cmost electronic applications.D28. Because its pitch cannot easily be altered, the oboe serves as the standardA Bwhich by the symphony orchestra is tuned.C D29. Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that form cushions between tendons and bones andA B Cprotect them while movement.D30. In 1916, United States suffragist Alice Paul founded the National Woman’s Party,Aa political party dedicate to establishing equal rights for women.B C D31. The spice cinnamon and the drugs cascara and quinine all come from bark, theAprotective out layer of stems and roots of woody plants.B C D32. Tunas migrate long distances over all the world's oceans and occupy tropical,A B Ctemperate, and even some the cooler waters.D33. Taste buds, small sensory organ located on the tongue and palate, recognize fourA Bprimary tastes: sweet, sour, salty and bitter.C D34. Astronauts receive extensive training to prepare themselves both physically andA B Cpsychologically for complexity and rigor of a space mission.D35. By 1900 several prominent technical institutions, including the MassachusettsAInstitute of Technology, fashioned its own educational offerings to meet theB Cindustrial needs of the United States.D36. Some of the earliest mechanical devices were designed to raise water fromA B Cstreams for the irrigate of crops.D37. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 increased the territory of the United StatesAby approximate 846,000 square miles, practically doubling the area of theB C DUnited States.38. A most useful tool for analyzing the elemental composition of fossils is theA B Celectron probe, a modify electron microscope.D39. Few substance on Earth equal the beauty of gemstones such as twinklingA B Cdiamonds, green emeralds, red rubies, blue sapphires, and multicolored opals.D40. For the purposes of the fine and decorative arts, metals have been used either inA B Ctheir simple state and in uncomplicated alloys.DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-10After 1785, the production of children's books in the Untied States increased but remained largely reprints of British books, often those published by John Newbery, thefirst publisher to produce books aimed primarily at diverting a child audience. Ultimate]y, Line however, it was not the cheerful, commercial-minded Newhery, but Anglo-Irish author5 Maria Edgeworth who had the strongest influence on this period of American children'sliterature. The eighteenth century had seen a gradual shift away from the spiritual intensity of earlier American religious writings for children, toward a more generalized moralism.Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles forinstruction, not amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional10entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction. As the children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction MariaEdgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructiveenough to allay adult distrust of fiction,American reaction against imported books for children set in after the War of 1812 15with the British. A wave of nationalism permeated everything, and the self-conscious new nation found foreign writings (particularly those from the British monarchy) unsuitable for the children of a democratic republic, a slate of self-governing, equal citizens. Publishers of children's books began to encourage American writers to write for American children.When they responded, the pattern established by Maria Edgeworth was at hand, attractive 20to most of them for both its rationalism and its high moral tone. Early in the 1820's, stories of willful children learning to obey, of careless children learning to take care,of selfish children learning to "tire for others," started to flow from American presses,successfully achieving Edgeworth's tone, though rarely her lively style. Imitative asthey were, these early American stories wee quite distinguishable from their British25counterparts. Few servants appeared in them, and if class distinctions had by no means disappeared, there was much democratic insistence on the worthiness of every level ofbirth and work. The characters of children in this fiction were serious, conscientious.self-reflective, and independent-testimony to the continuing influence of the earlierAmerican moralistic tradition in children's books.1. What does the passage mainly 4. The word "they" in line 9 refers todiscuss?(A) children(A) The career of Maria (B) AmericansEdgeworth as an author (C) booksof children's books (D) vehicles(B) The development of children'sliterature in the United States 5. The word "allay" in line 13(C) Successful publishers of is closest in meaning tochildren's books in Britainand North America (A)clarify(B) attack(D) Basic differences between (C)reduceBritish and American (D) confirmliterature for children2. The publisher John Newbery is 6: It can be inferred from the passageprincipally known for which of the that American children's books sold following reasons? before 1785 were almost always(A) He produced and sold books (A) written by Maria Edgeworthwritten by Maria Edgeworth. (B) attractive and interesting to(B) He had more influence on childrenAmerican children's (C) written by American authorsliterature than any other (D) intended only for religious andpublisher, moral instruction(C) He published books aimedamusing children rather thaninstructing them.(D) He was commercially mindedand cheerful.3. The word "notwithstanding" inline 8 is closest in meaning to(A) in spite of(B) in addition to(C) as a result of(D) as a part of7. By the end of the eighteenth 9. According to the passage, American century, the publishers of children’s children's stories differed from their looks in the United States were British equivalents in that themost concerned about which of the characters in American stories were following?(A) children who showed a change (A) Attracting children with of behaviorentertaining stories that (B) children who were wellprovided lessons of correct behavedbehavior (C) rarely servants(B) Publishing literature consisting (D) generally not from a varietyof exciting stories that would of social classesappeal to both children andadults 10. The word" testimony to" in line 28(C) Expanding markets for books is closest in meaning toin both Britain and theUnited States (A) inspiration for(D) Reprinting fictional books (B) evidence offrom earlier in the century (C) requirement for(D) development of8. The word "permeated" in line 15(A) opposed(B) improved(C) competed with(D) spread throughQuestion 11-21Lichens. probably the hardiest of all plants, live where virtually nothing else can---not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on sunbaked desert rocks. They are usually thefirst life to appear on a mountainside that has been scraped bare by an avalanche.Line Unlike other members of the plant kingdom, lichens are actually a partnership between5 two plants. The framework of a lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike fungus thatanchors the plant, The other component is an alga (similar to the green film of plant lifethat grows on stagnant pools) that is distributed throughout the fungus. Being green plants, algae are capable of photosynthesis--that is, using energy from the Sun to manufacturetheir own food. The fungi arc believed to supply water, minerals, and physical support to10 the partnership.Lichens are famous for their ability to survive ~ water shortage. When water is scarce (as is often the case on a mountain), lichens may become dormant and remain in thatcondition for prolonged periods of time. Some lichens can even grow where there is norain at all, surviving on only occasional dew--the moisture that condenses on the surface15 of the plants at night, And unlike most other plants, lichens are little affected by the strongultraviolet rays in the mountains.Lichens use little energy, for they grow slowly. Some grow so slowly and are so old that they are called "time stains." You may find lichens that are centuries old; certain ofthese lichen colonies have been established for an estimated 2,000 years.20 For decades, scientists wondered how the offspring of an alga and a fungus got togetherto form a new lichen, it seemed unlikely that they would just happen lo encounter oneanother. It was finally discovered that in many cases the two partners have never beenseparated. Stalklike "buds" that form on certain lichens are broken off by the wind or byanimals; these toll or are blown to a new location11. Which of the following questions 12. The word "hardiest" in line I isdoes the passage answer? closest in meaning to(A) Where can the oldest lichens (A) most unusualbe found? (B) most basic(B) How long does it take for (C) most abundantlichens to establish (D) most vigorousthemselves?(C) How large can lichens he?(D) Where do lichens usuallyoccur?13. The word "framework" in line 5 is 18. All of the following are mentionedclosest in meaning to in the discussion of lichens EXCEPT:(A) structure (A) They are capable of producing(a) fragment their own food.(C) condition (B)They require large amounts of(D)environment minerals lo prosper.(C)They are a union of two14, The author mentions "the green film separate plants.of plant life that grows on stagnant (D) They can live thousands ofpools" (lines 6-7) in order to explain years.(A) how the sun affects lichens 19. What does the phrase "lichen(B) why plants depend on water colonies (line 19)suggest?(C) where fungi become algae(D) what algae arc (A) Nothing but lichens live insome locations.15. It can be inferred from the passage (B) Many lichens live together inthat lichens use less energy and one area.grow more slowly when (C) Lichens displace the plantsthat surround them.(A) the environment is polluted (D)Certain groups of lichens have(B) they are exposed to ultraviolet never been separated.rays(C) they are very old 20. The word "encounter" in line 21 is(D) the supply of water is closest in meaning toinadequate(A) lose16: Which of file following terms is (B) supportdefined in the passage? (C) meet(A) "anchors" (line 6) (D) create(B) "stagnant" (line 7) 21. The word "these" in line 24 refers to(C) "dew" (line 14.)(D) "ultraviolet" (line 16) (A)partners(B) buds17. The word "prolonged" in line 13 is (C) lichensclosest in meaning to (D) animals(A)precise(B) extended(C) approximate(D)regularQuestion 22-31The languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is nolinguistic continuity between the languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used forEurope between 7000 and 3000 B.C.) and the languages of the modem world, and we Line cannot yet translate the Old European script, Scholars have deciphered other ancient5languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions, When cuneiformtablets were first discovered in the eighteenth century, scholars could not decipher them.Then inscriptions found in baa at the end of the eighteenth century provided a link: these inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages, Old Persian10 and New Elamite--languages that had already been deciphered. It took several decades,but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the more familiarOld Persian language:Similarly, the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians remained a mystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone in the late eighteenth century. The stone carried 15the same message written in ancient Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Egyptian hieratic,a simplified form of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars' efforts for severaldecades until the early nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases weredecoded using the Greek inscriptions. Unfortunately, we have no Old European Rosettastone to chart correspondences between Old European script and the languages that20replaced it.Tim incursions of Indo-European tribes into Old Europe from the late fifth to the early third millennia B.C. caused a linguistic and cultural discontinuity. These incursions disrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had existed for 3,000 yearsAs the Indo-Europeans encroached on Old Europe from the east, the continent underwent 25 upheavals. These severely affected the Balkans, where the Old European culturesabundantly employed script. The Old European way of life deteriorated rapidly, although pockets of Old European culture remained for several millennia, ~ new peoples spokecompletely different languages belonging to the Indo-European linguistic family. TheOld European language or languages, and the script used to write them, declined andeventually vanished.22. What does the passage mainly 24, According to the passage, scholarsdiscuss? were able to decipher cuneiform(A) Reasons for the failure to script with the help ofunderstand the written (A) the Sumerian, Akkadian,records of Old European and Babylonian languagesculture (B) Old Persian.(B) Influences on the development (C) tablets written in Oldof Old European script European(C) Similarities between (D) a language spoken inOld European script and eighteenth century Iran。
中石油 英语 托福 听力题型
中石油英语托福听力题型Section 1: Conversation.Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.Student: Professor Smith, I'm here to talk about my TOEFL score. I'm not sure if I did well.Professor Smith: Well, let's take a look. The professor looks at the student's score report.Student: Oh, no. It's only 80. I need at least 90 to get into the graduate program I want.Professor Smith: I'm sorry to hear that. But don't worry, there's still time to improve your score.Student: But how? I've been studying so hard.Professor Smith: There are a few things you can do. First, you need to focus on your weaknesses. What sections of the test did you score the lowest on?Student: Reading and listening.Professor Smith: Okay, then you need to spend more time practicing those sections. There are plenty of resources available online and in the library.Student: I'll do that. Thank you.Narrator: What is the student's main concern?Assistant: The student is concerned about their TOEFL score.Section 2: Lecture.Narrator: Listen to a lecture about the history of the TOEFL test.Professor: The TOEFL test was first developed in 1962 by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). At the time, there was a growing need for a standardized test that could measure the English language proficiency of non-native speakers who wished to study in the United States.The TOEFL test has undergone several revisions over the years. In 1980, the test was revised to include a speaking section. In 1998, the test was revised again to include a writing section. The most recent revision of the test wasin 2005.Today, the TOEFL test is one of the most widely accepted English language proficiency tests in the world.It is used by over 10,000 colleges and universities in more than 130 countries.Narrator: What is the main purpose of the TOEFL test?Assistant: The main purpose of the TOEFL test is to measure the English language proficiency of non-native speakers who wish to study in the United States.Section 3: Conversation.Narrator: Listen to a conversation between two friends.Friend 1: Hey, did you hear about the new TOEFL iBT test?Friend 2: No, what is it?Friend 1: It's a new version of the TOEFL test that's administered over the internet.Friend 2: Oh, that's interesting. How is it different from the old TOEFL test?Friend 1: Well, for one thing, it's shorter. It only takes about 3 hours to complete, compared to 4 hours for the old test.Friend 2: That's a big improvement.Friend 1: Also, the new test is more interactive. You have to speak and write your responses, instead of just listening and reading.Friend 2: That sounds like a good change. It will give test takers a more realistic experience of using English in an academic setting.Narrator: What is the main difference between the old TOEFL test and the new TOEFL iBT test?Assistant: The main difference between the old TOEFL test and the new TOEFL iBT test is that the new test is administered over the internet and is more interactive.。
中石油模拟托福语法
第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
一、主句单一原则
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句 ，做题时考生需要首先判断原题中 已经给出的句子结构，如果已经有 一个主句，那么就绝对不能够再出 现另一个主句，除非中间有连接词 进行联系。
第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
例1：
，work songs often
exhibit the song culture of a
一、填空题基本做题方法
2 简化句子 简化原则： ①副词，冠词，数词可以划掉 ②介词短语（即prep.+n）可以划掉（主句句 首除外） ③作定语（即修饰名词）的adj或分词短语可 以划掉 ④句中作状语的分词短语可以划掉 ⑤与空格无关的句子可以划掉
一、填空题基本做题方法
步骤实质：进一步简化句子，找到句子的主干即主谓 。 During the flood of 1927,the Red Cross,......out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless. A. operates B. is operating C. has operated D. operating 答案：d 答对率：44%
一、填空题基本做题方法
1 先找句子的分段点（即连词，分词，介词和标点符 号）将句子分为几段，选择要看的那部分句子，即只 关注与空格相关的那部分句子（主要是空格所在的那 部分句子）。 句法： ①简单句： ②并列句： (1)句子；句子。(2)句子， and/or/but/then句。简化掉没有空格的那部分句子。 ③复合句： 主句+从句 如Because+句子，句子。 When+句子，句子。if+句子，句子。简化掉没有空格 的分句。
中石油考试中心托福参考词汇
Aabhor vt.憎恶, 痛恨accelerate v.加速, 促进accessible adj.易接近的, 可到达的, 易受影响的accurate adj.正确的, 精确的accuracy n.精确性, 正确度adjacent adj.邻近的, 接近的advantageous adj.有利的advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹adj.上述的, 前述的alert, alertly adj.提防的, 警惕的amass vt.收集, 积聚(尤指财富)Ambrosia n. 特别美味的食物anomaly n.不规则, 异常的人或物anxiety n.忧虑, 焦急; 渴望, 热望appall vt.使胆寒, 使惊骇appallingappear vi.出现, 看来, 似乎appropriate adj.适当的aptarouse vt.唤醒, 唤起astute adj.机敏的, 狡猾的attribute n.属性, 品质, 特征authoritative adj.权威的, 有权威的, 命令的Bback and forth adv. 来来回回barely adv.仅仅, 刚刚barter n / v.物品交换, 交换behold vt.把...视为beneficial adj.有益的, 受益的, [法律]有使用权的bizarre adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)blunder v.跌跌撞撞地走；犯大错, 做错border n.边界, 国界, 边, 边沿, 边境；vt.与...接壤, 接近t breach n.违背, 破坏；vt.打破, 突破; 破裂, 裂口bump (swell) n. 肿块bush n.矮树丛a : bCcandid adj.无偏见的, 公正的；坦白的, 率直的care n.注意, 照料, 烦恼, 忧虑vt.在意carve v.雕刻; 切开celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺表扬, 赞美;举行chart n.海图vt.制图circulate v.(使)流通;place(使)循环, (使)传播classify vt.分类; 分等colleague n.同事, 同僚collusion n共谋,勾结command v.命令, 指挥;commonplace n.平凡的事; 平常话adj.平凡的compromise n./ v.妥协, 折衷; 危及...的安全conceal vt.隐藏, 隐蔽t ; 隐瞒adj.秘密的, 机密的conform vt.使一致使遵守, 使顺从congregate v.聚集conserve vt.保存, 保藏considerably adv.相当地adj.显著的contemporary adj./n. 当代的, 同时代的(人)contrast vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照convenient adj.便利的, 方便的n.计算器, 计数器柜台, 筹码Ddamage n. 损害, 伤害v. 招致损害decay vi./ n.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退defeat n./v. 击败; 战胜detachable adj.可分开的, 可分离的, 可分遣的deter v.阻止dim adj.暗淡的, 模糊的discord n.不一致, 意见不合distinct adj.清楚的, 明显的；截然不同的, 独特的draft n.草案, 草图vt.起草due to adv. 由于, 应归于duplicate adj.复制的,两倍的adj. 完全相同的Eearmark v. 加上记号elaborate adj.精心制作的, 详细阐述的, 精细的eligible adj.符合条件的, 合格的embrace vt.拥抱, 互相拥抱emit vt.发出, 放射; 发表, 发行encourage vt.鼓励; 怂恿enhance vt.提高; 增强entangle vt.使缠上, 纠缠, 卷入erode, erosion vt.侵蚀, 腐蚀essential adj.本质的,基本的evacuate v.撤出;排泄exceed vt.超越; 胜过excerpt n.vt.摘录, 引用expanse n.宽阔, 膨胀、扩张extend v.扩充；延伸, 伸展extravagant adj.奢侈的, 浪费的放纵的;过分的Fface n.脸；面容, 表情vt.面对, 面向fame n.名声, 名望fancy adj.奇特的, 异样的vt.想象, 设想；n.爱好, 迷恋faucet n.龙头feature n.特征,特色；特性,fellow n.人, 家伙；伙伴fictitious adj.假想的, 编造的, 虚伪的final analysis n. 最终分析fizz n./ vi.嘶嘶响;液体中的气泡flicker v.摇曳, 闪烁forbidden adj.禁止的, 严禁的foster vt.养育, 抚育fragrance n.芬芳, 香气, 香味frightening adj.令人恐惧的, 引起突然惊恐的fuel n.燃料fund n.资金, 基金; v.支助, 投资Ggain vt.得到, 赚到，利润gemstones n.经雕琢的宝石glisten v.闪光，发亮goods n.货物graphic adj.绘画似的, 图解的grave n.坟墓v.雕刻adj.严重的grumpy adj.脾气坏的, 性情乖戾的Hhardly adv.刚刚, 仅; 几乎不hatch vt.孵, 孵出; 舱口, 舱口盖hearty adj亲切的；精神饱满的hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的yhuge adj.巨大的, 极大的, 无限的hybrid n.杂种,混血儿；adj.混合的, 杂种的Iignore vt.不理睬, 忽视imitate vt.模仿,仿效imperceptible adj.感觉不到的increase vi.增加t , 繁殖indefinite adj.模糊的, 不确定的indicative adj.(～of) 指示的, 预示的, 可表示的induce vt.劝诱, 促使; 导致, 引起ingenious adj.机灵的；有独创性的inhibit v. 抑制; 约束:insatiable adj.不知足的, 贪求无厌的inspiring adj.灌输的, 鼓舞的insult n.侮辱, 凌辱vt.侮辱, 凌辱intense adj.强烈的；热情的intricate adj.复杂的, 错综的；难以理解的inundate v.淹没invent vt.发明, 创造tLlandmark n.地界标；里程碑, 划时代的事lateral adj.横(向)的, 侧面的legendary adj.传说中的liberate v.解放, 释放limited adj.有限的, 狭窄的；缺乏创见的locale n.现场ludicrous adj.可笑的, 滑稽的lyrical adj.抒情诗调的, 充满感情的Mmagnificence n.华丽, 富丽堂皇mandatory adj. 命令的, 强制的mar v.弄坏, 毁坏mature adj.成熟的, 到期的merchandise n.商品, 货物minuscule adj.小字写的;极小的misleading adj.易误解的, 令人误解的moderately adv.适度地motionless adj.不动的, 静止的muscular adj.肌肉的; 强健的mutation n.变化, 转变Nnaked adj.裸体的, 无遮盖的；无装饰的, 无保护的nominal adj.名义上的, 有名无实的nourishment n.食物, 营养品now and then adv. 偶然Ooath n.誓言, 宣誓, 诅咒obstacle n.障碍, 妨害物ominous adj.预兆的, 恶兆的on the spot adv.当场, 在危险中, 处于负责地位operation n.运转, 操作, 实施, 作用, 业务, 工作, 手术option n.选项, 选择权outlawe n.歹徒；逃犯；v. 宣布...为不合法overlap v.(与...)交迭overwhelm vt.淹没, 覆没;颠覆，推翻UPpanacea n.万能药particle n.粒子,极小量, 微粒passing n.经过, 消逝(死) adj.经过的；及格的path n.小路, 小径；路线, 轨道penetrate vt.穿透, 渗透; 洞察perennial adj.终年的, 长期的, 永久的perjury n.伪誓, 伪证perplexing adj.复杂的, 令人困惑的phenomenon n.现象plot n.小块土地；(小说的)情节；vi.密谋, 策划point out v.指出poll n民意测验；v.投票posthumously adj.死的的，遗腹的praise vt.赞扬, 歌颂precision n.精密度, 精度predominantly adv. 支配地prevail vi.流行, 盛行获胜, 成功primitive adj.原始的, 远古的; 粗糙的, 简单的private adj.私人的, 私有的profitable adj.有利可图的promotion n.促进; 提升, 晋升propagate v.繁殖;传播, 宣传prospect n.景色; 前景;vi.寻找, 勘探pulp n.(水果的)果肉puzzling adj.使迷惑的Rrange n.山脉;行列; 范围, 射程;vt.排列; 归类reach n. 范围:; vt.到达, 达到rebel n.造反者;adj.造反的, 叛逆的recipient n.容纳者, 容器recycle v. 重复利用n.再循环refrain n.重复, 叠句节制, 避免regrettably adv.抱歉地, 遗憾地relate vt.叙述, 讲; 使联系, 发生关系reluctantly adv.不情愿地, 嫌恶地remote adj.遥远的, 偏僻的repair n.修理, 修补research n.研究研究, 调查resort vi.求助, 诉诸；常去; 度假胜地常去之地restore vt.恢复, 使回复;归还, 交还revere v.尊敬, 敬畏, 崇敬rewarding adj.报答的, 有益的, 值得的rudimentary adj.根本的s:未发展的run-down adj.破败的，衰败的n.. 纲要, 总结Sscarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有scenery n.风景, 景色scrupulous adv.小心翼翼地, 多顾虑地secretly adv.秘密地, 背地里seek v.寻找, 探索tr; 寻求sensible adj.明智的, 有判断力的shade n.荫, 阴暗sheer adj.全然的; 峻峭的;透明的; v.使避开shield n.防护物, 盾;保护silently adv.默默地, 静静地site n.地点, 场所sketch n .略图, 草图slim adj.苗条的, 纤细的socket n. 孔, 插座, 糟solitary adj.孤独的sophisticated adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的spacious adj.广大的, 大规模的split v.劈开, (使)裂开stain n.污点, 瑕疵; v.染污, 沾污static adj.静态的, 静力的strengthen v.加强, 巩固strict adj.(～with) 严格的, 精确的stripe n.斑纹, 条纹stubborn adj.顽固的;难应付的style n.风格;文体subtle adj.狡猾的;微妙的; 精细的supernatural adj.超自然的surpass vt.超越, 胜过suspicious adj.(～of) 可疑的, 怀疑的swift adj.迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的symphony n.交响乐, 交响曲Ttake place v. 发生temperature n.温度tension n.紧张(状态), 不安张力terrifying adj. 恐怖的theory n.理论，原理timid adj.胆小的: 羞怯的tolerate vt.忍受, 容忍touching adj.动人的, 令人同情的trace n.痕迹, 踪迹; 微量transplant v.移植, 移种, 移民treasured n.财宝, 财富vt.珍爱, 珍惜trickle v.滴流tropical adj.热带的, 热情的turbulence n.骚乱, 动荡U unaccustomed adj.不习惯的,不平常的unbearable adj.无法忍受的, 承受不住的uncalled-for adj.不必要的, 多余的unquenchable adj.难抑制的:, 不能消灭的Vvacillate v.犹豫不定vandalism n.故意破坏公物，艺术的行为verify vt.检验, , 查证vigorous adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的vivid adj.生动的，逼真的;清晰的Wwarn vt.警告, 注意, 通知wed v.娶,嫁,结婚widespread adj.分布广泛的; 普遍的willing adj.自愿的;反应迅速的withhold vt. 抑制; 拒给, vi.忍住:。
2001年08月TOEFL托福考题(适用中石油、国家电网等国企英语入职考试及职称英语考试)
2001年8月真题听力I. (A) He'll help Tina prepare for the meeting.(B) He's disappointed that he'll have to miss the meeting.(C) He often works extra hours.(D) He's afraid the meeting won't end on time.2. (A) The man will take the camera to be repaired.(B) The woman will take a picture of the man.(C) The woman will show the man how to use the camera.(D) The woman will borrow the man's camera.3. (A) He'd like to apply for a replacement card.(B) He needed to see a doctor two weeks ago.(C) He's pleased that the woman found the card.(D) He's glad he was finally able to get an appointment.4. (A) She doesn't understand the man's question(B) She doesn't have time to repeat the explanation now.(C) She doesn't mind answering questions(D) Shell return soon.5. (A) The woman doesn't accept the man's apology.(B) The woman wasn't bothered by the delay.(C) The man didn't realize the woman was waiting.(D) The man waited a long time for the bus.6. (A) The coat isn't warm enough to wear in cold weather.(B) She bought the coat last winter.(C) She needs to have the coat cleaned before next winter.(D) The coat is the only warm coat she owns.7. (A) She won't be a candidate next year.(B) She doesn't believe the news.(C) The news doesn't upset her.(D) The news will disappoint Mary.8. (A) Try to find the woman's roommate.(B) Buy tickets for the film festival.(C) Give the woman a ride to the bookstore.(D) Get a schedule for the woman.9. (A) He doesn't know many composers of classical music(B) Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music.(C) He has known Annie's neighbor for many years.(D) Annie should try not to get sick.10. (A) She'll probably be late for her appointment with the dentist.(B) She won't be riding with her class to the museum.(C) She'll meet the man in front of the library.(D) She forgot that her class was going to the museum11. (A) She thinks it will rain today.(B) Her hobby is collecting coins.(C) She'll change the money for the man.(D) She's keeping the money for an emergency.12. (A) He studies engineering.(B) He has only recently become interested in philosophy.(C) He wasn't at the lecture.(D) He thinks Professor Warner is a good teacher.13. (A) The reports should have been completed by today.(B) Only the first part of the report is due next Friday.(C) Some students didn't finish their repons on time.(D) Some students haven't started their repons yet.14. (A) Spend thirty dollars on the painting.(B) Sell one of his paintings.(C) Look for a less expensive painting.(D) Buy the painting without the frame.15. (A) Exercise less frequently.(B) Take less medicine each day.(C) Visit him as soon as possible.(D) Take a new kind of headache medicine.16. (A) His job starts next week.(B) He's eager to start his new job.(C) His professor was mistaken about the job.(D) He believes the job interview went well.17. (A) Janet didn't attend.(B) Janet's friends did a lot of the work.(C) The man wasn't invited.(D) It was canceled at the last minute.18. (A) He's looking for another roommate.(B) He's sharing the room with his brothers.(C) He hasn't met his roommate yet.(D) He doesn't think the room is too small.19. (A) The train to Middletown is often late.(B) The man has missed the train to Middletown.(C) The next train to Middletown leaves in eleven minutes.(D) Trains don't stop at Middletown in the evening.20. (A) Wear his suit.(B) Prepare for cold weather.(C) Find out who's going to the party.(D) Dress informally.21. (A) She's not sure she'll be seeing Julia.(B) She'll phone Julia later in the week.(C) She doesn't know Julia's phone number.(D) She doesn't think Julia knows about registration.22. (A) Most of them were written near the end of the author's lifetime.(B) Many of them aren't included in the library's collection.(C) They were all highly praised by literary critics.(D) Many readers like to collect them.23. (A) The man is a good student.(B) The man shouldn't work overtime.(C) She wishes that she had a job.(D) She doesn't want to work with the man.24. (A) She doesn't expect to meet with Kevin today.(B) She can't wait any longer for Kevin.(C) Kevin is often late.(D) Kevin has probably overslept.25. (A) The books are all required for the history course.(B) Some of the books are for coursesother than history.(C) He plans to read more than just the books that are required.(D) He's worried he may not finish the required reading.26. (A) Watch a movie on television.(B) Go out to dinner with the man.(C) Go to the tennis court.(D) Play in the tournament.27. (A) She wishes she could help the man.(B) She has a bigger problem than the man has.(C) She knows a mechanic who can fix the man's car.(D) The man should buy a new car.28. (A) She's pleased the man's schedule won't change,(B) She can't offer the man a flexible schedule,(C) Whoever works at the front desk must have a flexible schedule,(D) She doesn't need anyone else to work at the from desk.29. (A) He wants the woman to repeat herquestion.(B) He agrees with the woman.(C) He wants to talk about the movie.(D) He wants to see the movie again.30.(A) Professor Lane is liked by her students.(B) Professor Lane never gives high grades.(C) The man deserves the grade he received.(D) The man should phone Professor Lane to thank her.Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the bestanswer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.31. (A) How different kinds of pepper are 34. (A) It's more pure than other types of produced, pepper.(B) Why white pepper is superior to (B) It helps maintain the color of certainblack pepper, dishes.(C) How the pepper plant is grown. (C) It has a fruity flavor.(D) How various peppers are used in (D) It's easier to grow.cooking.35. (A) He answered all her questions32. (A) He read about it in a cookbook, correctly.(B) He grows his own herbs and spices. (B) He received a good grade in cooking(C) He heard about it from a friend, class.(D) He studied it in cooking school. (C) She likes what he has just cooked.(D) She's impressed with his knowledge33. (A) It's preserved in liquid, of pepper.(B) The skin is removed.(C) It's dried in the sun. 36. (A) A story in prose.(D) It's freeze-dried. (B) A poem that rhymes.(C) A translation of a short literary work.(D) A journal about the process of writing.37. (A) The class has been assigned to read 38. (A) It's pronounced differently in Frenchit. than it is in English.(B) He was able to read it in French. (B) To write without using it is difficult(C) He isn't sure it's available in English. both in English and in French.(D) He thinks it's an example of what the (C) Every word in the French author' sprofessor wants, book contained it.(D) It's commonly used in English to make poetry rhyme.Part CDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk, you willhear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.Here is an example.On the recording, you hear:Now listen to a sample question. Sample AnswerIn your test book, you read: (A) To demonstrate the latest use of computergraphics.(B) To discuss the possibility of an economicdepression.(C) To explain the workings of the brain.(D) To dramatize a famous mystery story.The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program?" is (C),"To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).Now listen to another sample question. Sample AnswerIn your test book, you read: (A) It is required of all science majors.(B) It will never be shown again.(C) It can help viewers improve their memory skills.(D) It will help with course work.The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the program?" is (D), "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.39, (A) As the result of the moisture in the Earth's atmosphere.(B) As the result of the Earth's rotation.(C) As the horizontal movement of air.(D) As the vertical movement of air.40. (A) It's the ultimate cause of winds.(B) It causes vertical movements of air.(C) It reduces differences in air pressure.(D) It's used to predict weather patterns.4 I. (A) Air pressure.(B) Temperature.(C) Humidity.(D) Wind direction.42. (A) How winds affect temperature.03) Reasons for sudden increases in wind.(C) The origin of storm systems.(D) How vertical air movement influences weather.43. (A) Factors that affect the ability to remember.(B) The influence of childhood memories on adulthood.(C) A proposal for future psychological research.(D) Benefits of a busy lifestyle.44. (A) The need to exercise the memory.(B) How the brain differs from other body tissues.(C) The unconscious learning of aphysical activity.(D) How nerves control body movement.45. (A) Repeat it aloud.(B) Write it down.(C) Make a mental picture of it.(D) practice recalling it.46. (A) Ask questions about the assigned reading.(BI Give an example of active learning.(C) Explain recent research on recalling childhood memories.(D) Make an assignment for the nextclass session.47. (A) How they behave toward ants fromother nests.(B) What they usually eat.(C) Why they are becoming extinct.(D) Why they were brought to California48. (A) They protect Argentine ants that live in neighboring nests.(B) They gather food with Argentine ants from other nests.(C) They fight Argentine ants from othernests.(D) They generally build larger nests than other ant species do.49. (A) They attack members of their own nests.(B) They recruit ants from other species into their nests.(C) They form large colonies made of several nests.(D) They hide from insects that attack their nests.50. (A) They share the same few ancestors.(B) They can't be distinguished fromnative Californian ants.(C) They are evolving faster than native Californian ants.(D) Their future survival is in doubt.语法:1. Geothermal energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source ..... beentapped by humans for centuries but, until recent years, only on a small scale.(A) has it(B) has(C) that has(D) that it has2. The importance of the hand, and moregenerally of the body, in children' s acquisition of arithmetic(A) can hardly be exaggerated(B) hardly exaggerated can be(C) can be exaggerated hardly(D) exaggerated can be hardly3. ---- is present in the body in greater amounts than any other mineral.(A) Calcium(B) There is calcium(C) Calcium, which(D) It is calcium4. the evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that at least some seals have anecholocation system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews.(A) Rather(B) Despite(C) Although(D) Why5. The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system is much less --- mass of Earth's Moon.(A) than that is the(B) than the(C) the(D) is the6. Like bacteria, protozoans ----- by splittin in two.(A) reproducing(B) reproduce(C) to reproduce(D) reproduction7. - ...... main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: extraction, assembly, and aleration.(A) There are three(B) Three(C) The three(D) Three of the8. Most documentary filmmakers use neither actors _____ studio settings.(A) or else(B) but not(C) nor(D) and .'9. Salamanders are sometimes confused with lizards, but unlike lizards ---- no scalesor claws.(A) that they have(B) to have(C) they have(D) are having10. The province of Alberta lies along three of the major North American flywaysused by birds_______ between their winter and summer homes.(A) the migration(B) migrating(C) migrate(D) and migrate11. Astronomers estimate ---- called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is415 light-years away from Earth.(A) that a loose cluster of stars(B) a loose cluster of stars is(C) that is a loose cluster of stars(D) there is a loose cluster of stars12. Pearl Sydenstricker Buck, ____ the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938, isbest known for her novels about China.(A) won(B) winner of(C) to win(D) who the winner of13. Stage producers Klaw and Erlanger were stabilize and retain the first to eliminate arguments among leading performers -- - in order of appearance, instead of prominence.(A) of whom list the program(B) the program listing(C) for them the program listed(D) by listing them on the program14. During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible -- and uniformity of railroad service.(A) a new integration(B) for a new integration(C) that anew integration(D) and a new integration15. Forests stabilize _______and retain precipitation, thereby helping to prevent erosion and regulate the flow of streams.(A) to the soil(B) the soil(C) where the soil(D) the soil is16. Modem societies are (such )complex that they could not (exist) (without) a we!l-developed (system )of law.17. Altitude, climate,( temperature), and the (length) of the growing season (both) determineWhere ( plants) will grow.18. The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel (designed for )underwater exploration, (consists of) a flotation compartment (with a) observation capsule( attached underneath) it.19. Water (constitutes)almost 96 percent of the (body weight) of a jellyfish, so ifa jellyfish were to (dry out )in the sun, it would virtually (disappeared).20. The most important (parameters) affecting a rocket's maximum flight velocity is therelationship( between) the vehicle's mass and (the amount )of propellant It (can carry.)21. There (were once) only eight major lakes or reservoirs in Texas, but (today) there axe over 180, (many )built( to storing) water against periodic droughts.22.(all) harmonized music that is not contrapuntal (depends from )the relationship of( chords), which are (either) consonant or dissonant.23. Expressionist drama often (shows) the( influence) of modern psychology( byreflecting )the (frustrations inner) of the dramatist.24.( It is) the number, kind, and (arrange) of teeth that determine (whether)a mammal is classified as a carnivore-not the food that the animal (actually eats.)25.the sea otter is (well ) adapted (at) its marine existence ,(with) ears and nostrils that (can be )closed under water.26. Petroleum, which currently (makes up) about four-tenths of the world's( energy production), suppllies more commercial energy than (any another )(source).27. Someone( may )refuse to( recognize )the seriousness of an emotionally (threatening) situation and (perceive as) less threatening.28. (Through )experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists (can increase )our knowledge of human (reproductive )and development as well as our (understanding) of the nervous system.29.( When swollen )by (melting) snow or heavy rain, some rivers (routinely )overflow (its )banks.30. In 1884 Belva Lockwood, a lawyer (who) (had appeared) before the Supreme Court, becamethe( first) woman (was nominated )for President of the United States.31. The (taller) of all animals, a (full-grown) giraffe( may be )eighteen feet or (more high).32. Physicists have known (since) the early nineteenth century( that )all matter is (made up) of( tiny extremely )particles called atoms.33. Rain is( slight) acidic even in unpolluted air, (because) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere( and other) natural acid-forming gases (dissolve) in the water.34. In a stock company, a troupe of( actors) performs in a particular theater,(presenting )playsfrom (its) repertory of (prepare)productions.35. (Established in )1860, the Government Printing Office (prints and binds )documents for all(department )of the United States (govemment.)36. Ethnology, usually considered (a branch of )cultural anthropology, is often (defined as) the (scientifically)study of the origin and functioning of humans and (their) cultures.37. The one-fluid theory (of electricity )was (proposing )by Benjamin Franklin, a(man famous) for (his) wide interests and great attainments.38. Probably( not speech) of (so) few words (has) ever been( as celebrated )as Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.39. (Generally), Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable images (and does) not (adhere the) limits of conventional( form.)40.( Although) (complete) paralysis is( rare with) neuritis, some degree of muscle (weakness common.)阅读Questions 1-9Glass fibers have a long history. The Egyptians made coarse fibers by 1600 8c, and fibers survive as decorations on Egyptian pottery dating back to 1375 B c. During theRenaissance (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D.), glassmakers from Venice used glassfibers to decorate the surfaces of plain glass vessels.However, glassmakers guarded their Line(5) secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early seventeenth century.The eighteenth century brought the invention of "spun glass" fibers. Rene-Antoine de Reaumur, a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibersby rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot (10) thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted thatspun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric.By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the cooling end of the thread around a yam reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber (15) from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, makingdecorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of littlepractical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than silkand could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate (20) hats. Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glasslooked golden.Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuousfilaments were developed. In the modem manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed (25) directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundredsof fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel.1. Which of the following aspects of glass2. The word "coarse" in line I is closest infiber does the passage mainly discuss? meaning to(A) The major developments in its (A) decorativeproduction (B) natural(B) Its relationship with pottery making (C) crude(C) Important inventors in its long history (D) weak(D) The variety of its uses in modemindustry3. Why was there no~hing written about themaking of Renai~sance glass fibers untilthe seventeenth century?(A) Gl-assmakers were unhappy with the quality of the fibers they could make.( B) Glassmakers'did not want to reveal the methods they used.(C) Few people were interested in the Renaissance style of glass fibers.(D) Production methods had been well known for a long time.4. According to the passage, using a hot glass tube rather than a wheel to pullfibers from molten glass made the fibers(A) quicker to cool03) harder to bend(C) shorter and more easily broken(D) longer and more durable5. The phrase "this material" in line 1 6 refers to(A) glass fibers03) decorations(C) ornaments(D) novelties for collectors6. The word "brittle" in line 17 is closest inmeaning to(A) easily broken(B) roughly made((2) hairy(D) shiny7.The production of glass fibers wasimproved in the nineteenth century bywhich of the following'(A) Adding silver to the molten glass(B) Increasing the circumference of the glass tubes(C) Putting silk thread in the center of the fibers(D) Using yam reels8.The word "appreciated" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) experienced(B) recognized(C) explored(D) increased9.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?(A) invention (line 7)(B) circumference (line 17)(C) manufacturing process (line 24)(D) bushing (line25)Questions 10-19The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, theirnests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks Line for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.(5) The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. Whenshe does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously offthe nest to a spot well away fromeggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involvesfirst moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily throughthe grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodentlike (lO) squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which (15) the plover "escapes" is such that ifthe predator chooses to follow, it will be led still furtheraway from the true nest.The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuumof injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The (20) bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In themost extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt totake to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails toprovide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey.Needless to say, each short mn between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers(B) How predators search for plovers(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators11. The word "merely" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A)often(B)only(C)usually(D)at first12. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.(B) They are generally defenseless when away From their nests.(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.13. The word "emitting" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A)bringin(B)attracting(C)producin(D)minimizing14. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2. the plover tries to(A) stay close to her nest(B) attract the predator's attention(C) warn other plovers of danger(D) frighten the approaching predator15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) covering(B) selecting(C) developing(D) explaining16. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover'sbehavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?(A) Abnormal body position(B) Irregular escape route(C) Unnatural wing movement(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) catch(B) notice(C) defend(D) chase18. According to the passage, a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT(A) appearing to be injured(B) sounding like another animal(C) pretending to search for prey(D) pretending to sit on her eggs19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds(D)A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predatorQuestions 20-28The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today-summed up, not altogether accurately, as"research and development." Yethistorically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent Line phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world (5) as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensiveresearch and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequentlymisunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technologyevolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization becameincreasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way (10) to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientificmethods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in thenineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared aboutusing them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passedfor the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.(15) Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientificknowledge and of public awareness-if not understanding--of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economicbenefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting (20) with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and throughthem to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result ofattempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways (25) In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, andthe particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.20. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To show how technology influenced basic science(B)To describe the scientific base ofnineteenth-centuryAmerican industries(C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry(D)To argue that basic science has no practical application21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)completely。
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7. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf ---of the telephone. (A) than inventing (B) than as the inventor (C) the invention (D) as the inventor 8. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary --- associated with the idea of remembrance. (A) and becomes (B) became (C) becoming (D) to become 9. --- that of iron construction, the technology for constructing buildings with reinforced concrete developed rather rapidly. (A) Dissimilar (B) Different (C) Not likely (D) Unlike 10. Although adult education in the United States began in colonial times, --- chief growth has taken place since the 1920’ s. (A) its (B) so it (C) but its (D) it is 11. Hot objects emit --- do cold objects. (A) rays more than infrared (B) rays are more infrared than (C) more than infrared rays (D) more infrared rays than 12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately --- from Marathon to Athens. (A) the distance is (B) that the distance is (C) is that the distance (D) the distance
19. Brooklyn, New York, had a population of about 23,000 when it becomes a city in 1834. 20. People can remember more information for higher periods of time when they use more than one sense in the process of learning. 21. Jazz first flourished in New Orleans, Louisiana, and then spread at cities all across the country. 22. Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. 23. When a spinning ball bounces, some of the energy contained in its rotation can transferred to its energy of forward motion.
答案：A 测试点：宾语从句.分析：1earn 后的宾语从句主谓语均 缺，应选择主语+动词+…的形式．(B)缺主语为单数意义，动词应当用第三人称单数形式． (A)正确.
答案：D 测试点：介词宾语.分析：介词 with 要求名词性的成份作 宾语，而 4 个答案中只有(D)是名词词组．(A)后接从句；(B)(C)均 含有动词.
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答案：A 测试点：谓语.分析：that 从句有主语而缺谓语．应在答案 中选择可作谓语的动词形式，即(A)．(B)动词的数与主语不 一致； (C)、(D)是分词，不可作谓语.
答案：D 测试点：介词短语。分析：逗号后是一完整的句子，逗号前 常常是状语，由分词短语或介词短语充当．答案中无分词，只有 (B)(D)是介词结构．since 作介词时不表示原因，而是“自从…”的 意思．(D)是正确答案。Because of 是介词短语。
1. Resin is a substance that ---in water. (A) does not dissolve (B) do not dissolve (C) not dissolving (D) not dissolved 2. ---hardiness, daylilies can be cultivated particularly easily. (A) Their (B) Since their (C) It is their (D) Because of their 3.A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn ---act as they do. (A) what cause them to (B) causes them to what (C) what to cause them (D) what does to them 4.Vaporization in connection with general --- has a marked effect on long – term climate. (A) atmospheric conditions that (B) conditions are atmospheric (C) are atmospheric conditions (D) atmospheric conditions 5. The oldest city in the state, --- . (A) the Hudson ’ s Bay Company founded Vancouver, Washington, in the early nineteenth century (B) the founding of Vancouver, Washington, by the Hudson’s Bay Company in the early nineteenth century (C) Vancouver, Washington, was founded by the Hudson’s Bay Company in the early nineteenth century (D) In the early nineteenth century with the founding of Vancouver, Washington, by the Hudson’s Bay Company 6. --- raw materials into useful products is called manufacturing. (A) Transform (B) Transforming (C) Being transformed (D) When transforming
17. Social reformer Florence Kelly played a role in the 1893 decision of the Illinois legislature to prohibition child labor.
18. The term “technology” refers to the discoveries and inventions that help people improve its way of life.
答案：C 测试点；主语一致。分析：逗号前是名词性短语，为同位 语，逗号后应是完整的句子。句首的同位语说明的是句子的主语， 故主语应与 city 同义．答案中(C)是完整的句子，且以城市名为主 语．(A)虽是句子，但主语是 company，与同位语不一致；(B)(C)不 是句子.解题要点：这类含有同位语的考题，通常有冗长复杂的 4 个 答案．简捷的方法是快速浏览各答案的第一 个单词，寻找与同位语 相同含义的词语，如此句中的 Vancouver(温哥华)即是 city.
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答案：B测试点：would rather…than,．.分析：结构．看到 would rather，就应在答案中寻找以 than 开头的形式，即(A)(B)．这个结 构要求相比 较的两项结构相等，但重复的部分可省略．故 would rather be remembered as…后，应为(be remembered)as…．即 (B).
13. Although --- rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact. (A) apparently (B) are apparently (C) apparently their (D) are they apparently 14. One of the oldest types of aesthetic theory is that of formism, --- . (A) reference to the imitation theory is popular (B) the imitation theory is popularly referred to (C) is the reference to the popular imitation theory (D) popularly referred to as the imitation theory 15. A panda’s primary activity is sleep, --- its waking hours looking for food. (A) that it spends (B) for spending (C) and it spends (D) will spend 16. The unit of measurement known as a “foot” has originally based on the average size of the human foot.